View allAll Photos Tagged Capability
Seen arriving at Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport, one of the NATO Heavy Airlift Wing's C-17 aircraft.
NATO's Strategic Airlift Capability aircraft are based on Pápa Air Base in Hungary, but are available for use by NATO SAC nations, hence this mission for the Romanian Air Force.
SAC 01 NATO Strategic Airlift Capability Boeing C-17A Globemaster III - cn F-207 take- off @TRD/ENVA 02.03.18
This is Morag Myerscough's installation at Compton Verney, The Village. Situated in the meadow beside the parkland, it was the site of a medieval village that was cleared by 'Capability' Brown in the 1760s when the main house was built nearby. Generally used now as a green backdrop for art installations that are robust enough for children to climb over, this colourful interpretation of the village that has been lost was particularly popular (and will be there until April). The area is also being replanted with trees, following Brown's original plan.
Visit White Horse Hollow in the Shangrilah region for free rides on our lovely romantic ramblers. Each horse and cart carries at least two people with built in single and cuddle capability - perfect for that special date with your special someone.
Ride through a Capability Brown-inspired landscape full of flowers, butterflies and of course, horses.
General Dynamics F-16C Fighting Falcon of the 64th Aggressor Squadron (64 AGRS) from Nellis AFB banks hard during a flex departure while participating in Red Flag 17-1 exercises at Nellis AFB. Note the Advanced Capability Pod (ACaP) mounted on the starboard wing.
The research vessel Cefas Endeavour slowly makes its way out of Fowey after conducting surveys of local fish stocks.
RV Cefas Endeavour is a multi-disciplinary research vessel fitted with specialist survey equipment, scientific and technological capability, mounted sensors, onboard autonomous systems and deck containers sockets.
The vessel has the ability to deploy and recover a range of scientific instrumentation including fishing nets/trawls, environmental, geotechnical and geophysical sampling equipment and autonomous monitoring equipment.
Built in 2003 by Ferguson Shipbuilders Ltd, Glasgow.
13.6 Knots Maximum speed. Crew of 16 or 17.
Operated by P&O Maritime Services UK for the 'Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences' .
Operated out of Lowestoft,
Image from my Coombe Abbey lakeside walk 1 November 2015. The lake was man made under the management of Capability Brown.
Walking along the Distillery Wharf riverside area of Hammersmith, London, the other day, I came across this cheerful character.
He’s none other than Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown (1716-83), the man who created landscapes on an immense scale that have endured for more than 250 years. He lived in Hammersmith, in a house overlooking the River Thames, for 13 years.
He was nicknamed ‘Capability’ because he would tell his clients that their estates had ‘capability’ for improvement. He was appointed Master Gardener at Hampton Court by King George III, and over the years he designed more than 170 landscape parks, many of which survive today. They include Blenheim Palace, Petworth House, Belvoir Castle, Warwick Castle, Badminton House, Woburn Abbey, Stowe, Highclere Castle and Claremont Landscape Garden in Surrey.
The sculpture in bronze is by Laury Dizengremel, whose work appears throughout the world.
A beautiful evening stroll through Capability Brown landscape
The Nightingale was singing, carp were spawning in the Shallows, it was just a very mellow evening
This is another shot of Broadway Tower in the late evening light. It really is a lovely place with fantastic views over the Vale of Evesham - in fact it has been described as 'one of England's outstanding viewpoints'.
Broadway Tower is an 18th century folly inspired by Capability Brown and it includes a number of architectural styles including French windows and balconies. Over the years it has had a number of well known occupants, the most famous of whom is William Morris who holidayed there with his friends. It has also been a retreat for Pre-Raphaelite artists and, would you believe....a farmhouse! Today it houses various exhibitions and is part of Broadway Tower Country Park.
Because this picture is so contrasty, I have processed this as a gentle HDR.
This needs to be viewed on black I think.
Croome Court is a mid-18th century neo-Palladian mansion surrounded by extensive landscaped parkland at Croome D'Abitot, near Pershore in south Worcestershire, England. The mansion and park were designed by Lancelot "Capability" Brown for the 6th Earl of Coventry, and were Brown's first landscape design and first major architectural project. Some of the mansion's rooms were designed by Robert Adam.
The mansion house is owned by Croome Heritage Trust, and is leased to the National Trust which operates it as a tourist attraction. The National Trust owns the surrounding parkland, which is also open to the public.
Prior Park Landscape Garden surrounding the Prior Park estate south of Bath, Somerset, England, was designed in the 18th century by the poet Alexander Pope and the landscape gardener Capability Brown, and is now owned by the National Trust
Built between 1754 and 1760, Croome Park is a National Trust property set perfectly in Capability Brown's very first landscape and is the site of a secret Second World War air base.
Sheffield Park Garden is an informal landscape garden five miles east of Haywards Heath, in East Sussex, England. It was originally laid out in the 18th century by Capability Brown, and further developed in the early years of the 20th century by its then owner, Arthur Gilstrap Soames. It is now owned by the National Trust.
The gardens originally formed part of the estate of the adjacent Sheffield Park House, a gothic country house, which is still in private ownership. It was also firstly owned by the West Family and later by the Soames family until in 1925 the estate was sold by Arthur Granville Soames, who had inherited it from his childless uncle, Arthur Gilstrap Soames.
Sheffield Park as an estate is mentioned in the Domesday Book. In August 1538, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, entertained Henry VIII here. By 1700, the Deer Park had been partially formalised by Lord De La Warr who planted avenues of trees radiating from the house and cleared areas to establish lawns. In the late 1700s, James Wyatt remodelled the house in the fashionable Gothic style and Capability Brown was commissioned to landscape the garden. The original four lakes form the centrepiece. Humphry Repton followed Brown in 1789–1790. In 1796, the estate was sold to John Holroyd, created Baron Sheffield in 1781. It is particularly noted for its plantings of trees selected for autumn colour, including many Black Tupelos.
By 1885, an arboretum was being established, consisting of both exotic and native trees. After Arthur Gilstrap Soames purchased the estate in 1910, he continued large-scale planting. During World War II the house and garden became the headquarters for a Canadian armoured division, and Nissen huts were sited in the garden and woods. The estate was split up and sold in lots in 1953. The National Trust purchased approximately 40 ha in 1954, now up to 80 ha with subsequent additions. It is home to the National Collection of Ghent azaleas.
In 1876 the third Earl of Sheffield laid out a cricket pitch. It was used on 12 May 1884 for the first cricket match between England and Australia. The Australian team won by an innings and 6 runs.
02/17/16
Bombardier RO-6A "Dash 8" (577)(USAr 15-0577)(Formerly N8300S)(Airborne Reconnaissance Low- Enhanced [ARL-E] aircraft. Leidos in Tucson is converting this to a manned multi-INT airborne platform that provides capability to detect, locate, classify/ identify and track surface targets in day/night and all-weather conditions.
Grimsthorpe Castle stands in rolling parkland north-west of Bourne in Lincolnshire. The core of the house goes back to the early 1200s when a fortified manor with King John’s Tower guarded routes between the Fen edge and the Great North Road. Later medieval owners included the de Gant and Lovell families before the estate was taken into Crown hands.
In 1516 Henry VIII granted Grimsthorpe to William Willoughby, 11th Lord Willoughby de Eresby, as a wedding gift when he married Maria de Salinas, lady-in-waiting to Katherine of Aragon. Their daughter Katherine Willoughby inherited the estate and married Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, one of Henry’s closest friends. Brandon rebuilt and enlarged the house in grand Tudor style using stone from the dissolved Vaudey Abbey and Henry VIII stayed here in 1541 on his northern progress.
In the early 18th century Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, commissioned Sir John Vanbrugh to redesign the north front. Vanbrugh created the great Baroque façade with its central hall and corner towers which still gives the castle its dramatic outline. A little later Lancelot “Capability” Brown reshaped the surrounding park with lakes, long avenues, woodland belts and sweeping lawns so the house sat at the heart of a designed landscape.
Through the female line the property passed to the Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby family who still hold the historic title of Baron Willoughby de Eresby. The castle and park saw military use in both world wars, then returned fully to family occupation in the mid-20th century. Notable later residents include Nancy, Viscountess Astor, who spent her final years here with her daughter.
Today Grimsthorpe remains the country seat of Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby. The house, formal gardens and wider park are managed by the Grimsthorpe and Drummond Castle Trust which looks after the buildings, collections and landscape, opens them to visitors on selected days and uses events, filming and weddings to help support the upkeep of this long-lived Lincolnshire castle.
Aerial - Grimsthorpe Castle
*** 1,000 Views Dec. 2nd 2010***
*** EXPLORER 293 4th Oct 2008***
One of my favourite views in Blenheim with Vanbrugh's Grand Bridge and Palace seen from the West side in the late September afternoon.
The grounds were created in their present form by the 18th Century landscape gardner 'Capability' Brown. Previous to his work, which was carried out in the 1770's the Grand Bridge crossed the River Glyme, a very small river, in an ornamental canal. This is now beneath the waters of the lake, although it has been seen on days when the water has been exceptionally clear.
The tree is a Cedar of Lebanon, planted at the end of the 19th century as part of a general restocking of the park with trees undertaken at that time.
Close to this site is 'Rosamunds Well' a spring named after the former mistress of King Henry II, who created the original Woodstock Park and manor.
Commentary.
Landscaped by Lancelot “Capability” Brown,
this estate is crowned by a Neo-Greco-Roman mansion,
now used as part of Stowe Public School.
Brown ensured that from the house a number of Classical structures would provide, eye-line, focal points within the Park Landscape.
These include the scaled-down copies of Greek Temples, like the one shown,
Obelisks, Columns with statues and a Corinthian Arch,
centred on the house, nearly a mile to the south-east.
The lakes and valleys provide slopes and water, to further enhance the vistas and present a variety of eco-systems.
Copse woodland and mature trees lining vast, sweeping lawns.
Wood-fringed lakes, streams and waterfalls.
Wild meadow land, farm-land and a maze of interconnecting drives and paths.
This lake is known as the Octagonal Lake.
A brood of Coot chicks briefly swam out into the open, but lily-covered, expanse of water.
Mum and Dad Coots ushered them back into the safety of the nest amongst the reeds, rushes and Water-Irises.
The adults then swam out to forage for food before returning to the nest.
Although far from natural, the Estate has matured and provides a very pleasant and relaxing environment, managed in recent times by the National Trust.
With the capability to aim nearly 90 degrees upward, the Coyote can serve as an effective anti-helicopter platform in a pinch.
Sheffield Park Garden is an informal landscape garden five miles east of Haywards Heath, in East Sussex, England. It was originally laid out in the 18th century by Capability Brown, and further developed in the early years of the 20th century by its then owner, Arthur Gilstrap Soames. It is now owned by the National Trust.
The gardens originally formed part of the estate of the adjacent Sheffield Park House, a gothic country house, which is still in private ownership. It was also firstly owned by the West Family and later by the Soames family until in 1925 the estate was sold by Arthur Granville Soames, who had inherited it from his childless uncle, Arthur Gilstrap Soames.
Sheffield Park as an estate is mentioned in the Domesday Book. In August 1538, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, entertained Henry VIII here. By 1700, the Deer Park had been partially formalised by Lord De La Warr who planted avenues of trees radiating from the house and cleared areas to establish lawns. In the late 1700s, James Wyatt remodelled the house in the fashionable Gothic style and Capability Brown was commissioned to landscape the garden. The original four lakes form the centrepiece. Humphry Repton followed Brown in 1789–1790. In 1796, the estate was sold to John Holroyd, created Baron Sheffield in 1781. It is particularly noted for its plantings of trees selected for autumn colour, including many Black Tupelos.
By 1885, an arboretum was being established, consisting of both exotic and native trees. After Arthur Gilstrap Soames purchased the estate in 1910, he continued large-scale planting. During World War II the house and garden became the headquarters for a Canadian armoured division, and Nissen huts were sited in the garden and woods. The estate was split up and sold in lots in 1953. The National Trust purchased approximately 40 ha in 1954, now up to 80 ha with subsequent additions. It is home to the National Collection of Ghent azaleas.
In 1876 the third Earl of Sheffield laid out a cricket pitch. It was used on 12 May 1884 for the first cricket match between England and Australia. The Australian team won by an innings and 6 runs.
If you like this one, I'm sure you'll love some of the prints I have on Imagekind!
This is Sheffield Park Garden in East Sussex once again.
The garden was designed by Lancelot "Capability" Brown an internationally renowned landscape gardener from the eighteenth century.
Capability Brown favoured the natural school of landscaping; using trees to provide shape and form, and water to mirror those shapes. So whilst I suspect the ponds were a feature of his, I suspect the current planting of this area was a later addition.
The colourful foliage in this shot mostly comes from a mix of Maples, and Tupelos.
Tech:
Canon EOS 400D (aka Digital Rebel XTi), Canon EF24-105mm f/4L IS USM @ 24mm.
f4.5 @ 1/45th ISO100
RAW converted to 16bit TIFF and CA corrected with DPP, border resize and sharpening in Photoshop CS2.
N.B. Image replaced Sep09 to correct a slight colour cast.
The Lizzy B Moran was christened on 19 November 2010 at the Washburn & Doughty shipyard in East Boothbay, ME where she was designed and built for the Moran Towing Corporation. She began work in the port of Norfolk, VA., in January 2011.
She is a twin-screw, reverse tractor tug, 28.05m in length overall, with a 9.76m beam and a draught of 4.27m. Like all of her class built for Moran (she was the 15th in the class) the Lizzy B has an enlarged deckhouse compared with Moran’s earlier classes of Z-drive tractors.
She is powered by two MTU diesel engines delivering a combined 5,100 hp to twin Schottel Z-drives. For auxiliary power the Lizzy B has two John Deere generators. The tug features Class 1 firefighting capability. Powered by two Caterpillar pump engines, its monitors can deliver a 45,425 litres/minute torrent.
She is seen here assisting a bulk cargo carrier arriving on the Elizabeth River in Norfolk, VA. A big, powerful unit, the class Lizzy B belongs to was designed to be able to support almost any size of container vessel single-handed.
Taken at Stowe Park, Buckinghamshire, the original gardens of Stowe House, now a school. The gardens were designed by Capability Brown.
Corsham Court is an English country house in a park designed by Capability Brown. It is in the town of Corsham, 3 miles (5 km) west of Chippenham, Wiltshire, and is notable for its fine art collection, based on the nucleus of paintings inherited in 1757 by Paul Methuen from his uncle, Sir Paul Methuen, the diplomat. It is currently the home of the present Baron Methuen, James Methuen-Campbell, the eighth generation of the Methuens to live there.
Early history
Corsham was a royal manor in the days of the Saxon kings, reputed to have been a seat of Ethelred the Unready. After William the Conqueror, the manor continued to be passed down through the generations in the royal family. It often formed part of the dower of the Queens of England during the late 14th and early 15th centuries, becoming known as Corsham Reginae. During the 16th century, the manor went to two of Henry VIII's wives, namely Catherine of Aragon until 1536, and Katherine Parr until 1548.
During the reign of Elizabeth I the estate passed out of the royal family; the present house was built in 1582 by Thomas Smythe. The owner of Corsham Court in the mid-seventeenth century was the commander of the Parliamentarian New Model Army in Wiltshire; his wife, Lady Margaret Hungerford, built what came to be known as the Hungerford Almshouses in the centre of town.
An entrance archway was built to the south of the house c. 1700–20. The arch, in baroque style. is flanked by massive ashlar piers with ball finials.[3]
Methuen family
The house was bought in 1745 by Sir Paul Methuen for his cousin, also named Paul Methuen, whose grandson became Baron Methuen. The house remains the seat of the Methuen family.
In 1761–64, Lancelot 'Capability' Brown was commissioned to redesign and enlarge the house and landscape the park.[4] Brown set the style of the present-day building by retaining the Elizabethan stables, the Riding School,[3] and the great gabled front to the house, which he doubled in depth and provided gabled wings at either end of the house, creating the Picture Gallery and State Rooms in the east wing and a library and new kitchens in the west wing. The Picture Gallery was designed as a triple cube and has a coffered plasterwork ceiling over a high cove stuccoed in scrolls, designed by Brown[5] and carried out by Thomas Stocking of Bristol (1763–66). The Long Gallery contains Italian Old Masters, with a notable marquetry commode and matching pair of candlestands by John Cobb (1772) and four pier glasses designed by Robert Adam (1770).
File:Corsham Court about 1880
Capability Brown also worked as a landscape architect for his commission at Corsham.[6] His 1761 plan for laying out the park separated it from the pleasure grounds using a ha-ha (sunken fence) so that the view from the house would not be obstructed. Brown planned to enlarge the fish ponds to create a lake and constructed an orangery (neither of which survive) and built a Gothic Bath House (which does survive).[7] He created a "Great Walk" stretching for a mile through clumps of trees. An ornamental arch was built so that the family and their guests could walk underneath the public right of way without having to cross it. Brown also planted screens of trees around the park to obscure roads and fields beyond, making the view more arcadian. The layout of grounds and gardens by Brown represents his most important commission after Blenheim Palace.[8]
In 1795, Paul Cobb Methuen commissioned Humphry Repton to complete the landscape, left unfinished at Brown's death with the lake still to be completed, and in 1796 commissioned John Nash to completely remodel the north façade in Strawberry Hill Gothic style, beating the experienced James Wyatt for the commission. Nash further embellished other areas of Brown's external building works, including Brown's Gothic Bath House in the North Avenue, as well as reorganising the internal layout to form a grand hall and a library, at the centre of which is the large library table associated with a payment to Thomas Chippendale's partner Haig, in 1779.[9] By 1808 much of Nash's work was replaced with a more solid structure, when it was discovered that he had used unseasoned timber in beams and joists; all of Nash's work at Corsham save the library was destroyed when it was remodelled by Thomas Bellamy (1798–1876) in 1844–49[4][10] during the ownership by Paul Methuen, 1st Baron Methuen, who was Member of Parliament for Wiltshire and Wiltshire North.
The Sham Ruin
Brown planned to include a 50,000 m2 lake. This lake, however, was not completed until some forty years later, by Repton, who formed his long working relationship with Nash at Corsham Court. They laid out avenues and planted the specimen trees, including American oaks, Quercus coccinea and Q phellos, and the magnificent oriental plane. The grounds also incorporate a folly ruin, built by Nash c. 1797, incorporating some medieval stonework and some material from the eighteenth-century Bath House built by Brown.[11]
In 1960, the house and the Bath House were recorded as Grade I listed[12][7] and the ensemble of stables, riding school and entrance arch as Grade II*.[3] The park was recorded as Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens in 1987. Wikipedia
CORAL SEA (July 21, 2021) An F-35B Lightning fighter aircraft from the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit lands on the flight deck of the forward-deployed amphibious assault ship USS America (LHA 6) during Exercise Talisman Sabre 21. Talisman Sabre 21, the ninth iteration and conducted since 2005, occurs biennially across Northern Australia. Australian, U.S. and other multinational partner forces use Talisman Sabre to enhance interoperability by training in complex, multi-domain operations scenarios that address the full range of Indo-Pacific security concerts. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Jonathan D. Berlier)
Commentary.
Landscaped by Lancelot “Capability” Brown,
this estate is crowned by a Neo-Greco-Roman mansion,
now used as part of Stowe Public School.
Brown ensured that from the house a number of Classical structures would provide, eye-line, focal points within the Park Landscape.
These include the scaled-down copies of Greek Temples, like the one shown,
Obelisks, Columns with statues and a Corinthian Arch,
centred on the house, nearly a mile to the south-east.
The lakes and valleys provide slopes and water, to further enhance the vistas and present a variety of eco-systems.
Copse woodland and mature trees lining vast, sweeping lawns.
Wood-fringed lakes, streams and waterfalls.
Wild meadow land, farm-land and a maze of interconnecting drives and paths.
This lake is known as the Octagonal Lake.
A brood of Coot chicks briefly swam out into the open, but lily-covered, expanse of water.
Mum and Dad Coots ushered them back into the safety of the nest amongst the reeds, rushes and Water-Irises.
The adults then swam out to forage for food before returning to the nest.
Although far from natural, the Estate has matured and provides a very pleasant and relaxing environment, managed in recent times by the National Trust.
Broadway Tower is a folly on Broadway Hill, near the village of Broadway, in the English county of Worcestershire, at the second-highest point of the Cotswolds (after Cleeve Hill). Broadway Tower's base is 1,024 feet (312 metres) above sea level. The tower itself stands 65 feet (20 metres) high.
The "Saxon" tower was the brainchild of Capability Brown and designed by James Wyatt in 1794 in the form of a castle, and built for Lady Coventry in 1798–99. The tower was built on a "beacon" hill, where beacons were lit on special occasions. Lady Coventry wondered whether a beacon on this hill could be seen from her house in Worcester — about 22 miles (35 km) away — and sponsored the construction of the folly to find out. Indeed, the beacon could be seen clearly.
Over the years, the tower was home to the printing press of Sir Thomas Phillipps, and served as a country retreat for artists including William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones who rented it together in the 1880s. William Morris was so inspired by Broadway Tower and other ancient buildings that he founded the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings in 1877.
Today, the tower is a tourist attraction and the centre of a country park with various exhibitions open to the public at a fee, as well as a gift shop and restaurant. The place is on the Cotswold Way and can be reached by following the Cotswold Way from the A44 road at Fish Hill, or by a steep climb out of Broadway village.
Near the tower is a memorial to the crew of an A.W.38 Whitley bomber that crashed there during a training mission in June 1943.
"Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown redesigned the landscape at Chatsworth in Derbyshire for the 4th Duke of Devonshire between the late 1750s and 1765.
The park covers 1000 acres and is enclosed by a 15 km long dry stone wall and deer fence. Brown’s work at Chatsworth came relatively early in his career as an independent landscape architect, at a time when his style was becoming established."
source: Capability Brown website
Croome Court, Worcestershire - the Wine Cellar. Both house and gardens at Croome Court were designed by Capability Brown between 1751-2, rebuilding an earlier house from the 1640s. The estate was requisitioned in WW2, but was not used for troops, being offered to the Dutch Royal family, but nearby, and partly within the grounds, RAF Defford was established, an important location for the Telecommunications Research Establishment. They left in 1957 as the runways were too short. The house was sold by the Croome Estate Trust in 1948, and became St Josephs Special School until 1979. Taken over by the Hare Krishna movement, it became known as Chaitanya College with involvement from George Harrison, who created recording studios within the house. They left in 1984 and the house was used for several short-term activities, including a training centre; apartments; a restaurant and conference centre; a hotel and golf course, and a private family home. In 2007, it was purchased by the Croome Heritage Trust, who leased it to the National Trust. Croome Court is grade 1 listed.
Croome D'Abitot, near Pershore, Worcestershire, West Midlands, England - Croome Court, High Green
June 2025
Croome, Worcestershire. A surprise is a modern bathroom in a large upper room, installed in recent years. Both house and gardens at Croome Court were designed by Capability Brown between 1751-2, rebuilding an earlier house from the 1640s. The estate was requisitioned in WW2, but was not used for troops, being offered to the Dutch Royal family, but nearby, and partly within the grounds, RAF Defford was established, an important location for the Telecommunications Research Establishment. They left in 1957 as the runways were too short. The house was sold by the Croome Estate Trust in 1948, and became St Josephs Special School until 1979. Taken over by the Hare Krishna movement, it became known as Chaitanya College with involvement from George Harrison, who created recording studios within the house. They left in 1984 and the house was used for several short-term activities, including a training centre; apartments; a restaurant and conference centre; a hotel and golf course, and a private family home. In 2007, it was purchased by the Croome Heritage Trust, who leased it to the National Trust. Croome Court is grade 1 listed.
Croome D'Abitot, near Pershore, Worcestershire, West Midlands, England - Croome Court, High Green
June 2025
Deutschland / Nordrhein-Westfalen - Kraftwerk Neurath
Neurath Power Station is a lignite-fired power station at Neurath in Grevenbroich, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located to the south of Grevenbroich, and it borders the municipalities of Rommerskirchen and Bedburg. The power station consists of seven units and it is owned by RWE. It was named as the second biggest single polluter for carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union in 2019 by the EU's Transport and Environment Group.
Description
The Neurath Power Station serves mainly as a base load power station. It consists of seven units (3 x 300 MW, 2 x 600 MW, and 2 x 1,100 MW nominally). Five older units were built between 1972 and 1976, and have a gross generation capacity of 2,200 MW. On 15 August 2012 two new 1,100 MW lignite-fired units – F and G, also known as BoA 2 and 3 – were added. BoA stands for Braunkohlekraftwerk mit optimierter Anlagentechnik (Lignite power station with optimized systems technology). The new units have an efficiency of 43% and the capability to adjust quickly to changes in energy demand. Both of the new units are 170 m (558 ft) tall which makes them amongst the tallest industrial buildings in the world, possibly second only to the powerblock at the Niederaussem Power Station. Its engineering was carried out by Alstom, which was also the supplier of the steam turbines. The consortium that supplied steam generators was led by Babcock-Hitachi Europe GmbH. GEA Group built the cooling towers. Construction costs were €2.6 billion.
The lignite is delivered by rail from open pits in Rhenish lignite district, in particular from the Garzweiler and Hambach mines.
In the 1980s, a complete flue gas cleaning facility was installed for all blocks. The exhaust gases are derived since then over the cooling towers. The facility also has two bypass flue gas stacks from which one belongs to units A, B and C and the other to the units D and E. The first one is 194 metres (636 ft), the latter 196 metres (643 ft) high. They allow operating the facility in case of defunct flue gas cleaning facility, however, as this rarely occurs, such chimneys do not exist at most other power stations.
Criticism
The new power station is criticized in the climate change discussion by environmental associations and physical custodians, because electricity generation from lignite as fuel, in spite of advanced technology, is considerably less efficient than other generation sources and makes the plant the second biggest source of carbon dioxide among plants in EU. The facility, with a planned lifespan of 40 years, is seen as inconsistent with Germany's and Europe's plans to counter climate warming, particularly after COP21.
It is criticized furthermore that the investment efficiency is not maximized by additional measures like using of waste heat. One of the suggested projects is the establishment of a wide greenhouse park to use the attacking rejected heat and to create other jobs. However, the area planned for it was planned for industries with large electricity demand.
Accidents
In the evening of 25 October 2007, a major accident occurred on the construction site. A section of the scaffolding broke off, and buried several workers. Three construction workers were killed by the remains of the scaffold. Six others, who were seriously injured, were taken to surrounding hospitals.
Nearly 300 application forces from fire brigade, police, ambulances and technical charitable organization were used for the rescue operation. In December 2008, the initiated preliminary proceedings were put because of careless homicide by the public prosecutor's office of Mönchengladbach. According to certificate the knot connections of the scaffold were laid out too weakly. Because there has been no knowledge about them, in this size for the first time to used components and their stability problems, the accident has not foreseen for the experts, according to the public prosecutor's office. Rather interpretation and construction have occurred under the rules of the technology.
On 13 January 2008, a further deadly accident occurred in which an employee of a steel construction company was killed. After the above-mentioned accident in October 2007 and another accident in September 2007, this became the third deadly incident on the construction site.
(Wikipedia)
Das Kraftwerk Neurath liegt im Süden von Grevenbroich und grenzt an das Gebiet der Gemeinde Rommerskirchen und der Stadt Bedburg an. Der Betreiber ist RWE in Grevenbroich-Neurath (Rhein-Kreis Neuss). Es ist, gemessen an der installierten elektrischen Bruttoleistung von 4.400 Megawatt, das größte Kraftwerk in Deutschland und das zweitgrößte Braunkohlekraftwerk Europas nach dem Kraftwerk Bełchatów in Polen.
Das Kraftwerk dient der Erzeugung von Grundlaststrom und besitzt eine elektrische Nettoleistung von über 4.211 Megawatt. Die Kohle wird über Gleisanschluss an die Nord-Süd-Bahn aus den Tagebauen des Rheinischen Braunkohlereviers, insbesondere dem Tagebau Garzweiler bezogen. Mit einem CO2-Ausstoß von 32,1 Mio. Tonnen verursachte das Kraftwerk im Jahr 2015 die zweithöchsten Treibhausgasemissionen aller europäischen Kraftwerke.
Die Gleisanlage der Nord-Süd-Bahn, die zur Versorgung des Kraftwerks Neurath genutzt wird, wurde im Juni 2019 für mehr als 40 Stunden von Aktivisten blockiert, um auf den großen CO2-Ausstoß des Kraftwerks aufmerksam zu machen.
Kraftwerksblöcke
Das Kraftwerk besteht aus sieben Blöcken (3 × 300 MW, 2 × 600 MW und 2 × 1100 MW nominal), die zwischen 1972 und 1976 sowie 2012 errichtet wurden, und besitzt eine Bruttoleistung von ca. 4400 MW.
Blöcke A bis E
In den 1980er-Jahren wurde für die Blöcke A bis E eine Rauchgasreinigungsanlage nachgerüstet. Die Abgase werden seitdem über die Kühltürme abgeleitet.
Die Anlage verfügt auch über zwei sogenannte Bypasskamine, von denen einer den Blöcken A–C und der andere den Blöcken D bis E zugeordnet ist. Ersterer ist 194 Meter[8], letzterer 196 Meter[9] hoch. Die Bypasskamine ermöglichen den Betrieb der Anlage im Fall einer defekten Rauchgasreinigungsanlage, was aber selten vorkommt und weshalb die meisten Kraftwerke auf Bypasskamine verzichten (Quelle: Pressestelle RWE).
Alle Blöcke speisen in das Übertragungsnetz des Netzbetreibers Amprion ein: Der Block A ist über die Umspannanlage Osterath auf der 220-kV-Ebene, die Blöcke B bis D über die Schaltanlage Opladen auf der 380-kV-Ebene und der Block E über die Schaltanlage Rommerskirchen, ebenfalls auf der 380-kV-Ebene, an das Höchstspannungsnetz angeschlossen.
Block C soll nach einer Vereinbarung zwischen dem Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie und den Braunkohlekraftwerksbetreibern RWE, Vattenfall und Mibrag am 1. Oktober 2019 in die Reserve überführt und vier Jahre später endgültig stillgelegt werden.
Die Blöcke A bis E sollen in den Jahren 2021 bis 2022 vom Netz genommen werden.
Blöcke F und G („BoA 2 und 3“)
Geschichte
Im September 2005 beschloss RWE, am Kraftwerk zwei neue Blöcke (F und G) vom Typ „Braunkohlekraftwerk mit optimierter Anlagentechnik (BoA)“ zu bauen. Als Weiterentwicklung des BoA-Blockes im Kraftwerk Niederaußem (BoA 1) tragen die neuen Blöcke auch die Bezeichnung „BoA 2 und 3“. Im Januar 2006 begannen die Bauarbeiten. Die BoA-Blöcke sollen bei einem Wirkungsgrad von 43 Prozent eine Leistung von je 1100 MW haben. RWE gab 2008 an, der Bau, bei dem es sich um eine der größten Baustellen Europas handele, umfasse eine Investitionssumme von 2,2 Milliarden Euro. Im Dezember 2011 räumte RWE ein, dass das Projekt mit 2,6 Mrd. Euro „deutlich teurer“ geworden sei. Die Kesselhäuser von BoA 2 und BoA 3 sind mit einer Höhe von 173 Metern die höchsten Kesselhäuser der Welt. Die Kühltürme sind 172 Meter hoch.
Die ursprünglich geplante Inbetriebnahme Ende 2009 verzögerte sich wegen des unten genannten Unfalls, bei dem ein erheblicher Teil des Neubaus zerstört wurde. Am 29. November 2011 erreichten erstmals beide Blöcke gemeinsam Volllast und produzierten während der Inbetriebsetzungsphase bis dahin mehr als 1,5 Milliarden Kilowattstunden Strom. Beide Blöcke befanden sich seit Mai bzw. Oktober 2011 im Testbetrieb, die endgültige Inbetriebnahme mit der Meldung der Blöcke an die Strombörse EEX erfolgte am 8. Juli 2012 (Block G) bzw. am 3. August (Block F). Seither speisen beide Blöcke ebenfalls in das Übertragungsnetz von Amprion in die 380-kV-Ebene ein und sind über die Schaltanlage Rommerskirchen angeschlossen.
Am 15. August 2012 erfolgte dann die offizielle Feier zur Inbetriebnahme der neuen Blöcke in Anwesenheit von Nordrhein-Westfalens Ministerpräsidentin Hannelore Kraft, Bundesumweltminister Peter Altmaier und weiteren Gästen. Fälschlich wurde es in mehreren Medien als weltgrößtes Braunkohlekraftwerk bezeichnet, tatsächlich ist es (hinter dem Kraftwerk Bełchatów, Polen) nur das zweitgrößte in Europa. Richtig ist jedoch, dass die beiden neuen BoA-Blöcke F und G mit jeweils 1.100 MW brutto die zu diesem Zeitpunkt leistungsstärksten Braunkohlekraftwerksblöcke der Welt waren. Die Baukosten wurden mit 2,6 Milliarden Euro angegeben.
RWE nahm Ende 2011 und im Frühjahr 2012 sechs der zwölf alten 150-MW-Blöcke im Kraftwerk Frimmersdorf vom Netz.
Probleme
Am 30. August 2012 fielen am frühen Nachmittag binnen sieben Minuten beide BoA-Blöcke aufgrund eines Fehlers im Leitsystem aus, weshalb eine Leistung von ca. 2.100 MW ersetzt werden musste. Dabei kam es zu Frequenzschwankungen im Stromnetz; durch Einsatz von Regelenergie wurde ein Stromausfall verhindert. Laut Amprion ist das europäische Stromnetz in der Lage, einen unvorhergesehenen Ausfall von bis zu 3.000 MW an Kraftwerksleistung zu tolerieren; daher sei keine kritische Situation entstanden. In den frühen Morgenstunden des Folgetags wurden die beiden Blöcke wieder hochgefahren.
Unfall
Am Abend des 25. Oktober 2007 kam es auf dem Baustellengelände zu einem schweren Unfall. Eine über 100 Tonnen schwere Seitenwandbandage, ein Teilstück des Großgerüstes, riss ab und begrub mehrere Monteure unter sich. Drei Bauarbeiter konnten nur noch tot aus den Trümmern des Baugerüsts geborgen werden, sechs weitere wurden zum Teil schwer verletzt in umliegende Krankenhäuser eingeliefert. Fast 300 Einsatzkräfte von Feuerwehr, Polizei, Sanitätsorganisationen und Technischem Hilfswerk waren im Einsatz. Im Dezember 2008 wurde das eingeleitete Ermittlungsverfahren wegen fahrlässiger Tötung von der Staatsanwaltschaft Mönchengladbach eingestellt. Laut Gutachten waren die Knotenverbindungen der Bandagenunterkonstruktion zu schwach ausgelegt. Da es keinerlei Kenntnisse über die – in dieser Größe erstmals eingesetzten – Bauteile und deren Stabilitätsprobleme gegeben habe, sei der Unfall für die Fachleute nicht vorhersehbar gewesen, so die Staatsanwaltschaft. Vielmehr seien Auslegung und Konstruktion nach den Regeln der Technik erfolgt.
Emissionsgrenzwerte
Im Genehmigungsbescheid vom 20. Juni 2005 legte die Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf Emissionsgrenzwerte für die neuen Blöcke F und G fest, die zur Antragszeit für Schwefeldioxid, Kohlenmonoxid und Quecksilber unterhalb der geltenden Mindestanforderungen der 13. BImSchV lagen. Obwohl der Tages-Emissionsgrenzwert mit 0,0135 mg/m3N für die neuen Blöcke vergleichsweise niedrig festgesetzt wurde (die Mindestvorgabe der 13. BImSchV sieht 0,03 mg/m3N vor), erfordert dieser Grenzwert noch keine spezielle Quecksilberminderungstechnik. Dies zeigt sich daran, dass die Quecksilberemissionen nach Inbetriebnahme der neuen Blöcke 2012 auf mehr als das Doppelte angestiegen sind[31] (zum Vergleich: in den USA gelten für Braunkohlekraftwerke in Abhängigkeit ihres Wirkungsgrades Grenzwerte von 0,005 bis 0,0054 mg/m3N).
Schadstoffe mit Grenzwerten im Tagesmittel werden durch kontinuierlich arbeitende Messgeräte überwacht, die übrigen Werte durch Einzelmessungen. Zum Vergleich mit den Grenzwerten der neuen Blöcke sind die zur Antragszeit gültigen Grenzwerte der 13. BImSchV (2004) aufgeführt sowie die Grenzwerte der aktuellen 13. BImSchV (2013) und die im Normalbetrieb mit besten verfügbaren Techniken erreichbaren Emissionswerte, wie sie im Merkblatt der Europäischen Kommission für entsprechend große Neuanlagen mit Braunkohle-Staubfeuerung auf der Basis der Datensammlung in den Jahren 2001–2002 festgelegt wurden.
Eine neue Datensammlung zu aktualisierten besten verfügbaren Techniken (BVT) organisiert die Europäische Kommission seit Oktober 2011 und veröffentlicht voraussichtlich im Jahr 2014 neue BVT-Schlussfolgerungen für Großfeuerungsanlagen. Die darin für bestehende Anlagen festgelegten, mit BVT erreichbaren Emissionswerte müssen gemäß der europaweit geltenden Industrieemissionsrichtlinie spätestens vier Jahre nach der Veröffentlichung der BVT-Schlussfolgerungen im Kraftwerk Neurath eingehalten werden.
Emissionen von Schadstoffen und Treibhausgasen
Kraftwerkskritiker bemängeln am Kraftwerk Neurath die hohen Emissionen an Stickstoffoxiden, Schwefeloxiden, Quecksilber und Feinstaub, an dem Krebs erzeugende Substanzen (Blei, Cadmium, Nickel, PAK, Dioxine und Furane) anhaften können. Eine von Greenpeace bei der Universität Stuttgart in Auftrag gegebene Studie kam 2013 zu dem Ergebnis, dass die vom Kohlekraftwerk Neurath (vor Inbetriebnahme der Blöcke F und G) ausgestoßenen Feinstäube und die aus Schwefeldioxid-, Stickoxid- und NMVOC-Emissionen gebildeten sekundären Feinstäube statistisch zu 1.712 verlorenen Lebensjahren führen.[38] Das Kraftwerk rangierte (Stand März 2013) auf der Liste der „gesundheitsschädlichsten Kohlekraftwerke Deutschlands“ auf Platz 7.
Alle Kohlekraftwerke stehen mit Verweis auf die globale Erwärmung in der Kritik bei Umweltverbänden und Naturschützern. Die Stromerzeugung aus Braunkohle gehört trotz optimierter Anlagentechnik (BoA) weiterhin zu den Technologien, die pro erzeugter Kilowattstunde Strom das meiste CO2 emittieren. Der Verbrauch an Braunkohle pro BoA-Block beträgt 820 Tonnen pro Stunde, zusammen also 1640 Tonnen.
Der Wirkungsgrad liegt zwar bei ca. 43 % – Weltrekord für Braunkohleverstromung – womit die beiden Neubaublöcke laut RWE gegenüber alten Kraftwerken auf Braunkohlebasis etwa 1/4 weniger CO2 emittieren, 2016 wurden aber ca. 31 Mio. Tonnen CO2 emittiert. Pro Kilowattstunde Strom werden ca. 950 g Kohlendioxid emittiert – fast doppelt so viel wie beim durchschnittlichen deutschen Strommix (494 g CO2/kWh).[40] Zum Vergleich: Moderne Gas-und-Dampf-Kombikraftwerke wie der 2011 in Betrieb genommene Block 4 des Kraftwerkes Irsching emittieren bei einem Wirkungsgrad von 60,4 % etwas über 330 g CO2 pro kWh.
Auf der im Jahr 2007 vom WWF herausgegebenen Liste der 30 klimaschädlichsten Kraftwerke in der EU rangierte das Kraftwerk Neurath im Jahr 2006 auf Rang 7 in Europa und auf Rang 5 in Deutschland (1150 g CO2 pro Kilowattstunde), nach den Kraftwerken Niederaußem, Jänschwalde, Frimmersdorf und Weisweiler.
Es wurde kritisiert, dass der Anlagenwirkungsgrad nicht durch zusätzliche Maßnahmen wie Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung maximiert wird. Einen Teil der anfallenden Abwärme nutzt seit Sommer 2011 ein Gewächshauspark. Auf 11 Hektar werden z. B. Tomaten angebaut.
Die Europäische Umweltagentur hat die jährlichen Kosten der Umwelt- und Gesundheitsschäden der 28.000 größten Industrieanlagen in der Europa anhand der im PRTR gemeldeten Emissionsdaten mit den wissenschaftlichen Methoden der Europäischen Kommission abgeschätzt. Danach verursacht das Kraftwerk Neurath die achthöchsten Schadenskosten aller europäischen Industrieanlagen.
(Wikipedia)
Created in the style of Capability Brown, that great designer, whose forte was creating “natural” landscapes, the park has broad vistas of parkland, bounded by extensive plantings of a variety of deciduous trees, including redwoods, sycamore, cherry, yew and plane. Coppices of beech, oak, chestnuts and lime dot the open parkland.
Water is an important element in the creation of such settings and the estate was fortunate in that the Awbeg River flowed through it and was diverted to form lakes, cascades and ponds, greatly enhancing the beauty of the setting. And, of course, where you have waterways, you must have bridges and there are a few delightful arched stone bridges framed by abundant foliage
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The beautiful Capability Brown designed gardens, lake & bridge at Weston Park on the Shropshire / Staffordshire border.
Capability Brown designed the Temple Wood Pleasure Ground as a relaxing haven for the Bridgeman family.
Sheffield Park Garden is an informal landscape garden five miles east of Haywards Heath, in East Sussex, England. It was originally laid out in the 18th century by Capability Brown, and further developed in the early years of the 20th century by its then owner, Arthur Gilstrap Soames. It is now owned by the National Trust.
The gardens originally formed part of the estate of the adjacent Sheffield Park House, a gothic country house, which is still in private ownership. It was also firstly owned by the West Family and later by the Soames family until in 1925 the estate was sold by Arthur Granville Soames, who had inherited it from his childless uncle, Arthur Gilstrap Soames.
Sheffield Park as an estate is mentioned in the Domesday Book. In August 1538, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, entertained Henry VIII here. By 1700, the Deer Park had been partially formalised by Lord De La Warr who planted avenues of trees radiating from the house and cleared areas to establish lawns. In the late 1700s, James Wyatt remodelled the house in the fashionable Gothic style and Capability Brown was commissioned to landscape the garden. The original four lakes form the centrepiece. Humphry Repton followed Brown in 1789–1790. In 1796, the estate was sold to John Holroyd, created Baron Sheffield in 1781. It is particularly noted for its plantings of trees selected for autumn colour, including many Black Tupelos.
By 1885, an arboretum was being established, consisting of both exotic and native trees. After Arthur Gilstrap Soames purchased the estate in 1910, he continued large-scale planting. During World War II the house and garden became the headquarters for a Canadian armoured division, and Nissen huts were sited in the garden and woods. The estate was split up and sold in lots in 1953. The National Trust purchased approximately 40 ha in 1954, now up to 80 ha with subsequent additions. It is home to the National Collection of Ghent azaleas.
In 1876 the third Earl of Sheffield laid out a cricket pitch. It was used on 12 May 1884 for the first cricket match between England and Australia. The Australian team won by an innings and 6 runs.
You may view more of my images of Ickworth House, Park and gardens, by clicking "here" !
From the Archieves, reprocessed, using Photoshop CC 2024.
With over 1,800 acres of parkland designed by Capability Brown, the house and its grounds were created as an homage to Italy, the country so beloved by Frederick Augustus Hervey, the 4th Earl of Bristol. The Earl-Bishop spent his life travelling the continent, gathering together a vast collection of paintings, sculpture and artefacts. Already possessed of several houses, he conceived Ickworth primarily as a museum for his treasures. At his death only the Rotunda - the giant circular structure at the centre of the two wings, described by Hervey's wife as 'a stupendous moment of Folly' - was nearing completion. The house was eventually finished by his son. Although Hervey's treasures, confiscated during the French invasion of Italy, were destined never to occupy Ickworth, his descendants made it their life's work to rebuild what has become an exceptional collection of art and silver. Paintings housed in the galleries include works by Velázquez, Titian and Poussin, while the collection of 18th-century portraits of the family is exceptionally fine, featuring canvases by Gainsborough, Reynolds, Vigée-Lebrun and Hogarth. In addition to one of the very best British collections of Georgian Huguenot silver, Ickworth is also home to an impressive array of Regency furniture, porcelain, and domestic objects. More made a career of producing idealised Italian landscapes. His Landscape with Classical Figures, Cicero at his Villa, painted in 1780 and funded in 1993, is a typical work, the misty soft-focus and pastel light adding to its appeal. Hugh Douglas Hamilton's The Earl Bishop of Bristol and Derry Seated before the Prospect of Rome shows Hervey seated at what is thought to be the southern tip of the Borghese Gardens. Ickworth's parklands and gardens can provide a day's activity in their own right. The south gardens are modelled on the formal Italian style, while the gardens to the west of the house are more informal. Visitors can walk or cycle out into the park itself and up to the Fairy Lake. Bright and modern, The West Wing Restaurant overlooks the gardens and can be guaranteed to catch any sunlight on offer. It serves everything from hot meals to snacks, and at weekends the restaurant is open for breakfast. If you're after something rather more formal, try Frederick's restaurant at Ickworth Hotel in the grounds.
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Broadway Tower is a folly on Broadway Hill, near the village of Broadway, in the English county of Worcestershire, at the second-highest point of the Cotswolds (after Cleeve Hill). Broadway Tower's base is 1,024 feet (312 metres) above sea level. The tower itself stands 65 feet (20 metres) high.
The "Saxon" tower was the brainchild of Capability Brown and designed by James Wyatt in 1794 in the form of a castle, and built for Lady Coventry in 1798–99. The tower was built on a "beacon" hill, where beacons were lit on special occasions. Lady Coventry wondered whether a beacon on this hill could be seen from her house in Worcester — about 22 miles (35 km) away — and sponsored the construction of the folly to find out. Indeed, the beacon could be seen clearly.
Over the years, the tower was home to the printing press of Sir Thomas Phillipps, and served as a country retreat for artists including William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones who rented it together in the 1880s. William Morris was so inspired by Broadway Tower and other ancient buildings that he founded the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings in 1877.
Today, the tower is a tourist attraction and the centre of a country park with various exhibitions open to the public at a fee, as well as a gift shop and restaurant. The place is on the Cotswold Way and can be reached by following the Cotswold Way from the A44 road at Fish Hill, or by a steep climb out of Broadway village.
Near the tower is a memorial to the crew of an A.W.38 Whitley bomber that crashed there during a training mission in June 1943.
A summertime picture of the gardens at Berrington hall, Herefordshire, England,
The gardens were designed by 'Capability Brown, and were his last commissioned gardens.
The Nikon F90X (N90s in the U.S. market) was the second and final version of what I call the third generation of semi-pro 35mm autofocus SLRs from Nikon. The second generation, the F801/F801s (N8008/N8008s), introduced reliable autofocus, together with built-in autowind and rewind, spot metering, a new single control wheel interface, and other features, to the semi-pro line. (Note: an even earlier Nikon autofocus design, the F501 (N2020), had early first generation autofocus capability and a completely different interface and viewfinder display.) The F90/F90x continued virtually the same interface and body design as the F801/F801s but upgraded the level of technology, especially in its final incarnation, the F90X. The F90X is the epitome of Nikon's single focus point autofocus film SLRs. The F90X's interface was changed and enhanced with the subsequent F100, which introduced dual control wheels. The F100 also adds multiple focus and spot metering points, together with support for modern vibration reduction/image stabilization (VR) lenses and slightly more flexible custom settings. While the F100 is in some ways a better film camera to use today than the F90X, the F90X already included 3D Matrix Metering, which is the biggest exposure metering advance in the industry until the later color matrix metering of the F5 and F6 (and subsequent digital SLRs). The F90X also supports the built-in Silent Wave motors of modern Nikon lenses. In spite of its technical advances over the F90X, the F100 has an even more severe problem than the F90X with decomposition of the rubbery surface of its camera backs. If you don't need support for VR and are looking for a low-cost high-tech AF body in the used market, the F90X could be just what you want.
With the big picture out of the way, let's look at the features and functions of the F90X in more detail. The original F90 appears to have been rushed out in 1992 to quickly upgrade the F801s as a way to compete with Canon in a rapidly developing market. However, the F90X was released less than two years later with a long list of major and minor refinements. Today, you would definitely want the F90X over the original F90. The biggest improvements in the F90X over the F90 were improved autofocus, and the ability to adjust P, S, and M modes in 1/3 stop increments rather than one stop increments. According to Nikon, both the F90 and F90X used the CAM246 AF detection system, so AF improvement from the F90 to F90X was presumably due to better software.
The F90X is an amazing camera. The F800 already felt very advanced, moving from an F3HP, when the F801 was released in 1988. But after upgrading from the F801 to the F90X, one really appreciated the more responsive autofocus, the addition of spot metering (I never moved to an F801s), and most of all 3D Matrix (multi-pattern) metering. The 3D matrix metering of the F90X enabled more accurate exposure metering, especially for flash photography with dedicated Nikon electronic flashes, by incorporating subject focus distance information from AF-D lenses into the exposure calculation. The F90X is optimized for use with AF-D lenses, either Nikkor lenses or from third-party manufacturers such as Sigma and Tamron. The F90X works with non-autofocus Ai lenses, but with such lenses, you can only use center-weighted and spot metering (no matrix metering) and you can only use the Aperture Priority and Manual exposure modes (no Program or Shutter Speed Priority modes). Also, the set aperture of non-AF lenses does not appear in the viewfinder since there is no optical ADR like on most earlier Nikon bodies. The F90X (unlike the previous F801/F801s) auto-focuses with later G-type lenses (with no aperture ring and Silent Wave focusing motor). While you cannot adjust the aperture of G-type lenses directly on the F90X, a very simple solution is to shoot in Program mode, but use Flexible Program by turning the control wheel to step through equivalent aperture/shutter speed combinations while keeping the EV fixed. (This works a bit like exposure lock on electronic Contax bodies.)
The size and weight of the F90X is a very reasonable 755g, especially by the standard of the F4 or F5. It is an incremental increase in size and weight over the F801/s. In addition, although the user manual only indicates four AA-type alkaline, manganese or NiCd batteries, both Nikon and my personal experience confirms that the F90X also works fine with relatively lightweight AA lithium batteries. Overall, the camera/battery combination, even with alkaline batteries, is perfect both for stability and also portability. I have personally only used alkaline and lithium batteries and both types last for a very long time, although of course not as long as the button batteries in older manual focus cameras, such as the F3 or FM2N. The F90X owner manual indicates a battery capacity of 50 rolls of 36-exposure film at 20 degrees Celsius. This is much more than the battery capacity of my F6, especially with a power-hungry VR lens attached to the F6. The F90X has a very solid and comfortable feel, with a metal interior, matte-type rubberized grip surfaces, and heavy-duty matte composite plastic exterior plates. The F90/X body design includes a molded hand grip that is very stable and comfortable, but does not excessively add to the dimensions of the body. The covering material on the F90/X is not as rubbery or tactile as newer Nikon bodies, but still offers a fine grip.
There was a well-known problem with the rubberized material on the exterior of the camera back. A few years ago, the rubberized material on on at least some samples of the F90/X started to decompose and become a sticky goo. The same problem happened to the back of my own F90X, which became extremely sticky and completely unusable. Fortunately, my camera tech was able to procure a new replacement back and make the camera like new. The new back, like the old, is indeed plastic except for the pressure plate and other hardware. Still, the construction of the new back is very solid and it fits snugly onto the camera body when closed, without any irritating play. I am not sure about the composition of the exterior surface of the new back. It is a very attractive matte black finish, that must either be some type of composite material, or a very fine sprayed on layer. In any event, it appears to be very durable and hopefully long-lasting.
With the F90X generation of Nikon bodies, if you want to adjust certain functions, such as auto exposure bracketing, multiple exposure operation, interval timer, film imprinting, etc., you will need to add a MF-26 Multi-Control back. You can also use the optional Data Link System and AC-2E card to adjust more settings, download stored data, etc.
The viewfinder of the F90X has a relatively low 92% image coverage. Such coverage is more appropriate for the era when people used mounted slides, which cut off the edges of the frame, but is more limiting in today's age when film is scanned directly after processing at the lab. On the other hand, you can crop the scanned images in Photoshop if necessary. You just need to keep in mind at the time of shooting that your image will include a bit more than you can see. The viewfinder display is well-organized, and the brightness of the soft green horizontal LCD display is just right for both bright and dim environments. The viewfinder eyepiece does not include an adjustable diopter. However, Nikon still makes a full range of single diopter lenses in current production. The F90X takes the same diopter lens as the F3HP, F801/S, F90 and F100.
Dual film advance modes of single frame and continuous High ( 4.3 fps) and Low (2.0) speed, offer more than enough speed for casual shooting.
As mentioned above, the exposure metering system of the F90X is extremely advanced. It has second generation software and three additional central segments in addition to the five metering segments of the FA and F801/s (plus spot), for a total of 8 segments. In addition, the new "3D" technology of the F90x increases the accuracy of the multi-segment metering system even further, especially for flash photography, with concurrent and later AF-D compatible lenses. Center-weighted metering is of course included, and is designed with a 75% weighting, which had become the new Nikon standard for center-weight, more like the 80% center-weight of the F3 than the 60% weight of classic Nikon camera meters. The 3mm spot meter had become standard since the earlier F801s. One of my few complaints about the design of the F90X is that the selected exposure metering system is not displayed in the viewfinder, unlike on many later models. Glasses wearers will prefer the selected exposure metering system to be indicated in the viewfinder so they can switch among the metering systems without putting your glasses on, especially since the control wheel interface makes it difficult to confirm the selected system by feel alone. The LCD display on the top of the camera duplicates much of the same information as the viewfinder display, plus additional information such as metering system and ISO. The exposure meter is very sensitive, covering EV -1 through EV 21 in matrix and center-weighted, and EV 3 to EV 21 for spot metering.
Although the F90X only has a single focus area, autofocusing is quite responsive. Of course, the focusing technique in the day of the single autofocus point was to focus on the appropriate object, lock the focus with the shutter release button or AF lock, recompose, and shoot. The focus indicator also works very well with most manual focus lenses (with greater than f/5.6 aperture). Just focus manually until the round digital in-focus indicator is displayed in the viewfinder; there is no need for a central focusing aid on the focusing screen, although you can also manually focus with the matte screen itself. The central focus area can be easily switched between Spot and Wide by pushing a button on the top right of the camera and turning the control wheel; which area you have selected shows up in the viewfinder display so you can switch back and forth with your eye to the viewfinder. The Wide autofocus area is actually quite large, covering more than half of the outer central circle of the viewfinder image. The autofocus system appears quite adept at following moving subjects that stay within this expanded focusing area.
The F90X has all of the required PASM exposure modes and then some. The camera adds Ps "Vari-Program" modes that automatically set the recommended shutter speed and aperture combinations for seven separate photographic situations, such as Portraits, Portraits with Red Eye Reduction, Landscape, Sports, Close Up, etc. However, anyone who properly knows their way around a camera, or wants to learn, has no need for these Vari-Program settings. Unlike exposure metering systems, it is extremely easy to adjust your exposure modes with your eye to the viewfinder; just push the Mode button on the top left of the camera and turn the control wheel to select the correct mode. The selected mode is always clearly indicated at the bottom of the viewfinder. Program mode is extremely useful, even for photographers who are expert at manual camera setting. In a pinch, the camera's Program mode can adjust exposure fully automatically. More commonly, however, it is convenient to let the camera select the correct EV and the approximate shutter speed/aperture combination in Program mode. You then simply turn the control wheel in Program Mode after you have metered the scene to select the exact shutter speed/aperture combination that you want in 1/3 stop increments. This technique becomes even more useful when using newer G-type lenses, which have no aperture ring, since you have no secondary control dial to change the aperture directly. Manual mode works very well with AF lenses that have aperture rings; the digital analog readout in the viewfinder indicates exposure deviation in 1/3 stop increments, although, unlike some later designs, it only displays the range of +-1 EV to save display real estate. Although you can't see exactly how far you you are when greater than +- 1 EV, I never found this to be a practical limitation.
The F90X has a highly advanced shutter. Using the control wheel, you can directly set the shutter speed in 1/3 stop increments all the way from 1/8000 sec. to 30 seconds. Standard electronic flash maximum synch speed is a modern 1/250 sec.
Exposure compensation of +- 5 EV is easy to set by pushing a button on top of the camera and turning the control wheel, with the amount of compensation visible in the viewfinder display in 1/3 stop increments. The camera also has an AE-Lock lever on the back for your right thumb. I find that I usually prefer to use Manual Mode rather than the AE-Lock lever.
One small advantage of the F90X as a fully electronic camera is its ability to easily set the self-timer delay between 2 to 30 seconds. Just push the appropriate button on the top left of the camera and turn the control wheel to set. It can be used as an alternative to a remove control cable. On the other hand, one disadvantage of fully electronic cameras, such as the F90X, is that you need to use a special electronic remote cord (MC-20) (rather than a standard mechanical cable) when taking Bulb exposures. Also, Bulb exposures can wear down the battery. Better to use a fully mechanical body if you plan to take lots of long Bulb exposures. (On the other hand, the MC-20 can automatically close the shutter after up to 99 hours, 59 minutes, 59 seconds! The MF-20 back, and apparently the AC-2E card, also provides this function.)
The F90X has easily interchangeable focusing screens. The single available optional screen adds a grid.
The MB-10 Multi-Power Vertical Grip is available if you need more battery longevity and bigger camera grip with vertical shutter release.
As already mentioned, with its 3D technology, the F90X is amazing for flash photography. If you know what you are doing, you can get great flash photographs even with non-TTL mechanical bodies. But TTL flash control is much more convenient, and the F90/x enhances the level of TTL matrix flash metering by, for the first time, incorporating focus distance from the lens into the exposure calculation. Just make sure to use AF-D type lenses or better, and one of the compatible Nikon electronic flash units. The most advanced concurrent flash with the F90X was the SB-28, which allows full use of the F90X's flash exposure features. The F90X also supports monitor pre-flash with the SB-25/26/28. (Later flashes, such as current production modern Nikon flashes, also work fully with the F90X. I usually use a current production SB-800 flash, even on the F90X.) Another nice feature of the F90X's flash technology is 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill Flash. This function automatically reduces the output of the flash to supplement ambient light. Of course, is you want more precise control, fill-flash can also be set with appropriate manual flash negative compensation directly on the flash unit. Other flash features available with the F90X/SB-28 combination is Rear-Curtain Synch for motion photography and red eye reduction.
One generally unnecessary feature that has been omitted from the F90X is mirror lock-up (MLU).
To conclude, the F90X was and continues to be an amazing camera. The F90/X were the first semi-pro Nikon to incorporate 3D metering technology. It felt fun and was effective to use the camera with AF-D or newer lenses. The F90X offered virtually every function that you could think of, at least with its various accessories. The camera feels great in your hands and has a good form factor and weight for both travel and large lenses. Really the only limitation that irritates me about the F90X is that I can not use Matrix Metering, and there is no viewfinder display of the selected aperture, with manual focus lenses. In practice, this should not impact the quality of your images, but it is certainly less convenient. (Thankfully, this limitation was finally fixed in the F6 and some high-end Nikon DSLRs). The real limitations of the F90X today are its single focus point, its lack of support for VR lenses, and its lack of a second control wheel for G-type lenses. Thus, in the film world, you would need an F100 or F6 (and the consumer grade F75/F80) to get maximum benefit out of the newest generation of lenses. The control wheels and rubbery grip are more ergonomic on the F100 and F6, compared with the F90X.
Copyright © 2016 Timothy A. Rogers. All rights reserved.
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