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But as autumn approaches, certain influences both inside and outside the plant cause the chlorophylls to be replaced at a slower rate than they are being used up. During this period, with the total supply of chlorophylls gradually dwindling, the "masking" effect slowly fades away. Then other pigments that have been present (along with the chlorophylls) in the cells all during the leaf's life begin to show through. These are carotenoids they give us colorations of yellow, brown, orange, and the many hues in between.
The reds, the purples, and their blended combinations that decorate autumn foliage come from another group of pigments in the cells called anthocyanins. These pigments are not present in the leaf throughout the growing season as are the carotenoids. They develop in late summer in the sap of the cells of the leaf, and this development is the result of complex interactions of many influences - both inside-and outside the plant. Their formation depends on the breakdown of sugars in the presence of bright light as the level of a certain chemical (phosphate) in the leaf is reduced.
But in the fall, phosphate, along with the other chemicals and nutrients, moves out of the leaf into the stem of the plant. When this happens, the sugar-breakdown process changes, leading to the production of anthocyanin pigments. The brighter the light during this period, the greater the production of anthocyanins and the more brilliant the resulting color display that we see. When the days of autumn are bright and cool, and the nights are chilly but not freezing, the brightest colorations usually develop.
Wow... what else can I say? Love the Northern Territory sunsets, does not get any better! Taken at Fannie Bay, Northern Territory, Australia 12 Mar 15.
Canon 5D Mark II
EF17-40mm f/4L USM
0.4 sec; f/9; ISO 100
Cokin filters X121L & X121M.
Pittoresco borgo, cinto da mura merlate presidiate da torrioni, che poggia su un banco tufaceo tra profondi dirupi. Nel Medioevo, per la sua fedeltà a Roma, ebbe il privilegio, che conserva tuttora, di essere rappresentato in Campidoglio da un conestabile e da alcuni valletti detti "fedeli".
Picturesque village, surrounded by crenellated walls guarded by towers, resting on a tuff between deep ravines. In the Middle Ages, for its fidelity to Rome, had the privilege, that has remained, to be represented at the Capitol by a constable and a few footmen called "faithful".
verything is this compact town is so perfect – the Market Square, the Cathedral, the numerous parks all look as if they were crafted by artists of note, which they were!
The city is very well preserved and clean to boot. It is almost like a stage set, nay, make that a movie set, perhaps a Disney flick?
Every window has lace curtains and flower boxes with geraniums, all the buildings are in good repair, and the architecture is infinitely interesting. Low-country designs of the Middle Ages were a matter of pride; every detail down to the outline of a window frame is beautifully proportioned.
In the heart of the downtown, motor vehicles are prohibited, except for deliveries during restricted hours, making it one of the easiest walking cities of the world, safe and well-signed. The winding cobbled streets, adjacent to the canals, are shared by pedestrians and the occasional horse-drawn carriage. Sweepers follow the horses and keep the streets litter free.
Restaurants serve authentic Belgian cooking, a strong rival to French cuisine, as well as numerous international style dishes. Fresh fish, cooked a thousand different ways, is plentiful, as are beautiful homegrown vegetables. Of course, this country is famous for its chocolate, a worthy choice for dessert. My own personal favorite Belgian meal is carpes frites plus pommes frites, which would be called ‘fish and chips’ anywhere else, but is in fact a perfect delicacy here in Bruges.
The Speulder and Sprielderbos is ranked high in the top ten most beautiful forests in the Netherlands. In this 'wild forest' you can wander if it is a real jungle. Nature must take its course here. Shiny spruce, gnarled, green mossy oaks, ferns and decaying logs provide a special atmosphere.
In Speulder and Sprielderbos can still be found. Two other types of forest The bright forest with Scots pine, birch and oak trees grow. And the dark forest, where mostly douglas fir and spruce and American oaks grow. Each forest type attracts other residents. Wild look behind screens it is possible to save yourself. Observe animals Especially at dusk, the chance of an encounter large.
The area also houses a number of mysterious historical sites. As the numerous mounds in the forest are found. And what about a 3000 year old silhouette of a woman. The faint shadow of the 'Woman of Speulde 'is now on display at the Historical Museum in Arnhem.
The exciting stories doing the round about the hole Solse. This deep pit in the last ice age caused by a vortex of glacier water. The pit is deepened by digging clay. Veluwe sagas tell a very different story. This site would ever have stood a monastery. The monks had sold their souls to the devil. For this they were punished. In a fierce Christmas night the monastery sank into the earth. Only the stately entrance to the monastery would remember ...
According to experts, the Solse hole with three energy centers and a major ley (where two energy lines intersect) through the center of the pit one of the major power centers in the Netherlands.
The forest is a moraine of the Veluwe between Putten, Ermelo, Garderen and Stroe and Staatsnosbeheer hiking trail leads you along the most beautiful spots.
Castle De Haar is one of the most famous and visited castles in all of Holland and was originally founded in the late 1300’s by the Van de Haar family, whose standing in society allowed them the comfort of building a fortified abode.
By 1449, the castle became the property of the Van Zuylen family thru marriage. In 1482, the castle was destroyed due to differences of opinion (quarrels) between the city of Utrecht and its bishop
By the 17th century, the Van Zuylen family line had become extinct and the castle was inherited by the Van Stembors, who originated from the south of Holland - present day Belgium. French soldiers attacked and damaged the castle during the years 1672 and 73.
In 1801, Castle De Haar passed to JJ.van Zuylen van Nijevelt, a distant cousin of the Zuylen family. JJ had inherited a castle that was in a poor state of repair due to 200 years of neglect. Upon his death, these magnificent ruins passed to his son Baron Etienne van Zuylen van Nijevelt in 1890.
The rebuilding of the castle was started in 1892 under the guidance of one of Holland’s most famous architects Dr PHJ Cuypers. It is his influence on Castle De Haar that we see today. PHJ Cuypers rebuilt the castle as close as possible to the original outlines and were there was not sufficient material to work with he used his own ideas of what a medieval castle should look like. The interior was rebuilt to a luxurious standard with the inclusion of electricity. A new bailey with an entrance gate was built on its original foundations.
Today the castle is surrounded by parkland but this was not always the case. From the medieval period to the end of the 19th century, the village of Haarzuilens had been surrounded the castle. Haarzuilens was completely demolished and relocated some one and a half kilometres away to the west. The village chapel however was saved from this wilful destruction and incorporated into the new park.
Castle De Haar is now a museum and opens to the public except during the month of September when the Van Zuylen van Nijevelt family turn it back into a home for their month long stay.
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The adres for the car navigator, Kasteel de Haar,
Kasteellaan 1,3455 RR Haarzuilens.
I decided to try out a B rated SCFI Movie poster.
Model: Dean McClelland
Photographer: Dean McClelland
Artist: Dean McClelland
The Oudenbosch Basilica is a Roman Catholic basilica in the Dutch village of Oudenbosch. It was built under the initiative of father Willem Hellemons who was parish priest between 1842 and 1884. It was modeled after St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and designed by architect Dr. P. Cuijpers. Construction began in 1865 but was not fully completed until 1982. The basilica is unique in the region in that it is quite large with classical Italian appearance that is atypical for most of northern Europe, let alone a small village in North Brabant.
the famous roman style basilica of H.H. Agatha & Barbara, the Arboretum botanical gardens, the Dutch Zouavenmuseum and the St. Louis chapel. Across the street is the monumental Dutch Reformed church, dating from 1819 and the vicary adjacent to it, the oldest monument in Oudenbosch, dating from 1562. The countryside is suitable for hiking and cycling though the woods and agricultural landscape.
Oudenbosch
From that time the villages developed as we still know them nowadays. Each village has its own identity and its own history. In Oudenbosch for instance, the influence of Roman Catholic life can still be felt and tasted. Most important witness, of course, is the Basilica, which dominates the landscape. This basilica was built between 1865 and 1892. The initiative to build this basilica was taken by Father Hellemons, who was fascinated by the buildings of the Vatican. He managed to persuade over 3,000 Oudenbosch citizens to participate in this project and he built his Basilica. But even before that time religion played an important role. For it were the monks of St. Bernard who made the area so successful with their peat-cutting and who had such a strong bond with the area. One of the first buildings in the area was a chapel, which was built around 1297. In the 19th century Oudenbosch increasingly developed into a (religious) center of education. Thousands of boys and girls went to boarding school at Oudenbosch and were educated by the brothers of St. Louis and by the nuns of St. Anna
I have been dreaming about going to Maroon Bells since i came to know about it two years ago. So on my trip to Aspen i did not want to miss any chances to take a perfect pic. We went there the evening before to scout the location. Then we got up at 3 AM next morning and went there again. We were one of the first ones to arrive there at 4. The plan was to take some long exposure star trail pics and then take sunrise pics and also beat the infamous fall weekend crowds. Due to dense cloud cover we could not take any star trail pics. We tried taking some pictures of moving cloud, but those did not turn out to be very interesting as the clouds were moving across the picture. So we did not had much to do except to wait three hours in freezing cold and agonize over probability of the thick cloud cover robbing us from the sunrise shot. Thankfully as the time went by, the clouds started to clear up. When the sun finally came up I got the shots which have been dreaming since long. We were planning to go to crater lake after this. But when we finished taking the pics here out hands and feet were frozen from cold. We rushed back to car went back to hotel and slept off.