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On the history of women's studies at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna
1897
Conservative journalist A.F. Seligmann founded the art school for women and girls and taught there as a single teacher 16 students in the "Curs for head and act". 1898 expands the school: Tina Blau, a former teacher of the Munich artists association conducts 1.1.1898 a "Curs for landscape and still-life", which she held until 1915. Richard Kauffungen was nominated for sculpture, Ludwig Michalek led the "Curs for head and act" as well as an Radierkurs (etching course), Adolf Böhm the course for decorative and applied arts, Fabiani teaches ornamentation and style of teaching as well as "Modern home furnishings", Georg Klimt taught metalwork, Friedrich King wood cutting art and Hans Tichy from 1900 the drawing and painting from the living model. In all these teachers are moderate modern artists from the area of the Secession. The theoretical lectures are held in the company founded by Emil Zuckerkandl and Julius Tandler 1900 "Association of Austrian university lecturers Athenaeum", which had the task to be "an educational institution for members of the female sex". The first school year was completed with 64 students, the school is rapidly expanding, so that it forms 200-300 students annually within a few years. The steady growth is due to the restrictive attitude of the public schools of art (especially the academy) towards women, but also from the indiscriminate admission of which have been blamed all the private schools also on the part of women harshly, and just by women.
1904
The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna is one of the many requests for opening the Academy for students once again putting the old arguments against that women are rarely equipped with creative spirit in the field of great art and the other a "proliferation of dilettantism and a pushing back of male members" is to be feared. Just the idea of a joint education had "abhorred" the College. The Academy therefore advocates for the financial support of the art school for women and girls, and rejects the application for opening the academy for women unanimously. The main argument for the impossibility of the joint Aktzeichnens (nude drawing) and the need for a second Aktsaales (nude hall) is increasingly mentioned, which cannot be realized because lack of space and lack of money. Henni Lehmann (Artistic studies of women, Darmstadt 1913) countered the same argument in Germany: "The common nude studies of women and men can not be described as impossible as it is done in many places, without having shown any grievances". The objection of the Quorum of the Berlin University professors that no teacher could be forced to teach women at all in such delicate subjects is countered that the problem was easily solved by entrusting a lady the Aktunterricht (nude drawing) in ladies. Suitable artists were plentiful present. That the life drawing for a long time (until 1937) remained problematic, shows the application of the renowned sculptor Teresa F. Ries of 1931, in which she was offering the Academy her services for the purpose of the management of a yet to be affiliated department, where young girls separated from the young men could work under the direction of a woman. The application was not even put to a vote.
1912
The rector of the Munich Academy also does not believe in the inclusion of students (female ones): "... it is impossible, even with regard to the space conditions, apart from that that the aspirations of the artists who devote themselves to the arts especially are usually others than that of women..."
1913
No significant change in attitude can be found between the opinions of the Academies from 1904 and those of 1913.
1919
In the report from the College's meeting of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna to the State Office of Internal Affairs and Teaching is communicated that against the requested admission there were no fundamental objections, but that the Academy is so limited in spatial relationship, that after the experiences of the last entrance exams not even the majority of gifted young artists, capable of studying, could be included, and therefore, in case of the admission of women to the study initially had to be made a considerable expansion. The State Office counters that a further delay in the admission of women to the academic study could not be justified and that approval is to allow at least temporarily in a narrow frame.
1920
The State Office for the Interior and Education officially approved the admission of women to study at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna (since 1919 women were admitted to all faculties of the University of Vienna, with the exception of the Catholic and Protestant Theological Faculty).
A committee consisting of the professors Bacher, Delug, Schmutzer, and Jettmar Muellner claims that the Academy has never pronounced in principle against women's studies but have always only expressed reservations because of the cramped space and financial situation. As a complete novelty proves that no more concerns are raised with regard to coeducation. Men and women should compete in the entrance examination. In the winter semester 1920/21 will be included 14 women, of course, representing only a small minority in relation to the 250 male students.
1926/1927
In the new study regulations are for the first time mentioned Schüler (M) and Schülerinnen (F).
March 1927
Report of the Academy of Fine and Applied Arts about the experiences regarding the access of women to universities: ..."in past years it was thought for the education of women and girls by the Academy of Women for Liberal and Applied Art, which is also equipped with academic classes and by the State subsidized, sufficiently having taken precautions: during a period of almost seven years of study, it was probably possible to get a clear picture about the access applications of women, and about the degree course ... Of course, the number of female candidates in the painting is strongest, weaker in sculpture, and very low in the architecture. As much already now can be said, that in no way in terms of education in the new admissions the women are left behind the male candidates. During the study period, the female students are not in diligence and seriousness of studying behind their male colleagues. Particularly gratifying can be emphasized that because of the co-education of both sexes in common rooms in the individual schools a win-win situation for everybody was. In the master schools the College was repeatedly able also honouring women with academic prices. Subsuming, it should be emphasized that our experiences with the study of women in the Academy of Fine Arts were quite favorable."
The number of students (Studentinnen) increased from 5 % in the winter semester 1920/1921 till 1939/1940 to about 25 %. After the annexation of Austria to Nazi Germany, the number of students (Studentinnen) decreased. The proportion of female students rose after 1940 naturally, reached during the war years up to 70 % and amounted 1945/1946 to 65%. From 1946/1947 the number of students (Studentinnen) fell sharply again, so 1952/1953 only 20% of the students at the Academy were women. 1963/1964 there were, however, already 41% (278).
2002
Students (Studentinnen): 570 of 936 students
University professors (Universitätsprofessorinnen): 9 out of 29
Ao Univ. (extraordinary female professors) 2 of 12
Univ.Ass. (female university assistant) 18 of 41
Contract teachers (Vertragslehrerinnen): 3 of 7
Lecturer (Lehrbeautragte): 32 of 46
Almut Krapf
www.akbild.ac.at/Portal/akademie/uber-uns/Organisation/ar...
Birmingham Post and Mail.
Shadow leader of the house Theresa May at Welsh House Farm.
Picture By Jon Fuller-Rowell
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Maria Miller, Shadow Minister for the Family, at the 2010 Conservative Party Spring Forum in Brighton, Sunday February 28th, 2010. (Photo by Paul Toeman)
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Leader of Conservative Party David Cameron speaks to employees at Morrisons distribution centre in Sittingbourne, Kent, Monday March 29, 2010. Photo By Andrew Parsons
During this year's federal election in Canada, there was a lot of nastiness, and Canadians supposedly clearly voted for "change." At this home on Taylor Street East, one man put up election signs for a local candidate in his riding from all three major federal parties. However, only the sign for Kevin Waugh from the Conservative Party of Canada was placed in a correct position while the signs for the Liberals and NDP were placed upside down and covered in plastic skunk toys.
Andrew Mitchell, Shadow International Development Secretary, speaks at the 2009 Conservative Party Conference in Manchester, Thursday October 8, 2009. (Photo by Paul Toeman)
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Leader of Conservative Party David Cameron speaks to employees at Morrisons distribution centre in Sittingbourne, Kent, Monday March 29, 2010. Photo By Andrew Parsons
Ken Clarke, Shadow Business Secretary, at the 2010 Conservative Party Spring Forum in Brighton, Saturday February 27th, 2010. (Photo by Paul Toeman)
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Sheriff David Clarke speaking at the 2017 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland.
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Shaun Bailey, Parliamentary Candidate for Hammersmith, speaks at the 2009 Conservative Party Conference in Manchester, Wednesday October 7, 2009. (Photo by Paul Toeman)
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Dick Heller, of District of Columbia v. Heller, speaking at the 2018 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland.
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Campaigners converged on Conservative headquarters in protest at remarks by shadow home secretary Chris Grayling, who last week sparked a row when he said people who ran bed and breakfast in their homes should "have the right" to turn away gay couples. During the protest the Conservatives supplied free icecream for the protestors.
Copyright Sean James Cameron 2010
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Dame Kelly Holmes watches Jeremy Hunt's speech at the 2009 Conservative Party Conference in Manchester, Wednesday October 7, 2009. (Photo by Paul Toeman)
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Mark Levin speaking at the 2016 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland.
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Image ©Licensed to Parsons Media. 25/08/2022. Norwich, United Kingdom. Conservative Party Leadership Hustings in Norwich. Leadership contenders Liz Truss MP, Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, and Rishi Sunak MP during the Conservative Party Hustings at the Holiday Inn, Norwich. Pictured: Peter Booth, Chairman of the National Convention. Picture by Ben Stevens CCHQ / Parsons Media
Image ©Licensed to Parsons Media. 05/09/2022. London, United Kingdom. Conservative Party Leadership Announcement. QEII Centre. Liz Truss, newly elected Leader of the Conservative and Unionist Party, and future Prime Minister arrives at CCHQ. Picture by Ben Stevens CCHQ / Parsons Media
RNC Chairman Reince Priebus speaking at the 2014 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland.
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Co-Chairman of the Conservative Party Sayeeda Warsi meeting Conservative party members in Gloucester, Tuesday April 5, 2011.
Thousands of Orange County Republican and Conservative Voters Attend the MAGAWeen Rally at the Huntington Beach Pier on Saturday, October 31st
Leader of the Conservative Party David Cameron laughs with Eileen and Jim Lawson of Lawsons Haulage Ltd, after their home and business were hit by the recent floods in Cockermouth, Thursday December 17, 2009. (Photo by Andrew Parsons)
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Campaigners converged on Conservative headquarters in protest at remarks by shadow home secretary Chris Grayling, who last week sparked a row when he said people who ran bed and breakfast in their homes should "have the right" to turn away gay couples. During the protest the Conservatives supplied free icecream for the protestors.
Copyright Sean James Cameron 2010
To use this image in any form contact the copyright holder via: sean_james_cameron[@]hotmail.com
A letter of harrassment from Christian conservatives at Luis's work. It is pretty fucking hilarious.
Grant Shapps, Shadow Housing Minister, speaks at the 2009 Conservative Party Conference in Manchester, Tuesday October 6, 2009. (Photo by Paul Toeman)
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What can I say? Conservatives won the Ontario provincial election. Who knows what awaits us? I fear the worst.
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Scott Pruitt speaking at the 2017 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland.
Please attribute to Gage Skidmore if used elsewhere.
Accession Nunber: spa.si.118
This picture forms part of the Scots Independent donation to the Scottish Political Archive. The Scots Independent is a monthly Nationalist newspaper. The paper was founded in 1926 and is the longest surviving political newspaper in Scotland in the twentieth century. For further information about the Scots Independent please visit their website at www.scotsindependent.org
The Scottish Political Archive is housed at the University of Stirling. The archive is home to the oral interviews, personal papers and associated material from prominent Scottish politicians. For further information about the work of the archive please visit our website www.scottishpoliticalarchive.org.uk
Accession Number: spa.si.119
This picture forms part of the Scots Independent donation to the Scottish Political Archive. The Scots Independent is a monthly Nationalist newspaper. The paper was founded in 1926 and is the longest surviving political newspaper in Scotland in the twentieth century. For further information about the Scots Independent please visit their website at www.scotsindependent.org
The Scottish Political Archive is housed at the University of Stirling. The archive is home to the oral interviews, personal papers and associated material from prominent Scottish politicians. For further information about the work of the archive please visit our website www.scottishpoliticalarchive.org.uk
Campaign group Stop Killing Cyclists stage a demo and die-in outside Conservative Party HQ calling on them to pledge to increase spending on cycling and pedestrian provision, in line with UN recommendations. The campaigners also highlighted the impact on public health of road traffic pollution - which include thousands of deaths and debilitating lung and heart diseases - and its contribution to global climate change.
More info about the event here.
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Campaigners converged on Conservative headquarters in protest at remarks by shadow home secretary Chris Grayling, who last week sparked a row when he said people who ran bed and breakfast in their homes should "have the right" to turn away gay couples. During the protest the Conservatives supplied free icecream for the protestors.
Copyright Sean James Cameron 2010
To use this image in any form contact the copyright holder via: sean_james_cameron[@]hotmail.com
A conservative civil servant fears he will lose his job and be disgraced after his wife's bloomers fall down in public. But instead of scandal, the unintentional display delivers two boarders for the extra room he plans to rent. Oblivious to their amorous intentions, he splits the room between them, happy to collect double rent, while his wife enjoys the attention her wardrobe malfunction has delivered.
Trevor Ringland, East Belfast Conservatives and Unionists candidate, launching the Northern Ireland Older People Manifesto at the Greater Shankill Senior Citizens Forum
A selection of T-shirts available to buy at the 2009 Conservative Party Conference in Manchester, Tuesday October 6, 2009. (Photo by Paul Toeman)
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A GANG of almost 50 yobs went on a rampage in Bacup last night.
Petrol bombs were thrown, windows were smashed and businesses closed early in fear, as children as young as 11 caused chaos in the town centre.
Police are stepping up patrols in Bacup town tonight to prevent further damage and to keep residents safe.
A 24-year-old man and a 16-year-old boy, both from Bacup, have been arrested on suspicion of criminal damage and a public order offence.
Th’Owd Con Club and Pizza King takeaway had windows smashed along with a disused shop a couple of doors down.
www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/rossendale/9188586.Gan...
Campaigners converged on Conservative headquarters in protest at remarks by shadow home secretary Chris Grayling, who last week sparked a row when he said people who ran bed and breakfast in their homes should "have the right" to turn away gay couples. During the protest the Conservatives supplied free icecream for the protestors.
Copyright Sean James Cameron 2010
To use this image in any form contact the copyright holder via: sean_james_cameron[@]hotmail.com