View allAll Photos Tagged CALIFORNIA_GOLD
Ellwood Mansion in DeKalb (1879, remodeled 1910). Isaac Ellwood headed west from New York in 1849 during the California Gold Rush. He was somewhat successful, and returned to DeKalb to set up a hardware store with his earnings. The store was very successful, and Ellwood invested his earnings in farm properties, eventually creating a 3,400 acre farm. After the Civil War, he raised Percheron draft horses. Ellwood visited the DeKalb County Fair in 1873, where he saw a product patented by Waterman farmer Henry Rose to discourage livestock from leaving his property. The fence was made of wire with an attached wooden strip with wire points. Ellwood collaborated with fellow DeKalb residents Jacob Haish and Joseph Glidden to perfect this product. In February 1874, Ellwood received his first patent from his barbed wire, although he conceded that Glidden's design was superior. He purchased half of the interest of Glidden's design, and they formed the I. L. Ellwood Manufacturing Company to produce the new invention. Ranchers in the west found the invention particulraly useful. Ellwood also became interested in the ranching trade, purchasing 395,000 acres in Texas. Governor John Altgeld appointed Ellwood to the Board of Trustees for the selection of a site for a new normal school. Ellwood convinced the panel to open the school, later known as Northern Illinois University, in DeKalb.
San Francisco is the leading financial and cultural center of Northern California and the San Francisco Bay Area.
The only consolidated city-county in California, San Francisco encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,620 people per square mile (6,803 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated major city in the United States after New York. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California, after Los Angeles, San Diego and San Jose, and the 14th most populous city in the United States—with a Census-estimated 2012 population of 825,863. The city is also the financial and cultural hub of the larger San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland metropolitan area, with a population of 8.4 million.
San Francisco (Spanish for "Saint Francis") was founded on June 29, 1776, when colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for St. Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. Due to the growth of its population, San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
Today, San Francisco is ranked 44th of the top tourist destinations in the world, and was the sixth most visited one in the United States in 2011. The city is renowned for its cool summers, fog, steep rolling hills, eclectic mix of architecture, and landmarks including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, the former prison on Alcatraz Island, and its Chinatown district. It is also a primary banking and finance center.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_francisco
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Fern Canyon looks so primeval, it was used for the filming of the movie "Jurassic Park".
I've heard that this is the favorite park of California Gold host Huell Howser.
Anza Borrego Desert State Park Wild Flowers! California Spring Superbloom Wildflowers Fine Art Landscape & Nature Photography! California Gold Socal Desert Blooms! 45EPIC Elliot McGucken High Res 4K 8K Wild Flower Super Bloom Photography!
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Ralph Waldo Emerson. The happiest man is he who learns from nature the lesson of worship.
Lucius Annaeus Seneca: On entering a temple we assume all signs of reverence. How much more reverent then should we be before the heavenly bodies, the stars, the very nature of God!
John Muir: All the wild world is beautiful, and it matters but little where we go, to highlands or lowlands, woods or plains, on the sea or land or down among the crystals of waves or high in a balloon in the sky; through all the climates, hot or cold, storms and calms, everywhere and always we are in God's eternal beauty and love. So universally true is this, the spot where we chance to be always seems the best.
Anchor Brewing Company, 1705 Mariposa Street, San Francisco, California. The Anchor Brewing Company began during the California Gold Rush when Gottlieb Brekle arrived from Germany and began brewing in San Francisco. In 1896, Ernst F. Baruth and his son-in-law, Otto Schinkel, Jr., bought an old brewery at 1431 Pacific Avenue and named it Anchor Brewery. The brewery burned down in the fires that followed the 1906 earthquake, but was rebuilt at a different location in 1907. The brewery continued operations into the late 1950s, but suffered heavily from the country's increasingly strong preference for the light lagers produced by the megabreweries. Anchor shut its doors briefly in 1959, but was bought and reopened the following year. By 1965, however, it was doing so poorly that it nearly closed again. Anchor's situation continued to deteriorate largely because the current owners lacked the expertise, equipment, and attention to cleanliness that were required to produce consistent batches of beer for commercial consumption. The brewery gained a reputation for producing sour, bad beer. In 1965, Frederick Louis "Fritz" Maytag III bought the brewery, saving it from closure. He purchased 51 percent of the brewery for several thousand dollars, and later purchased the brewery outright. It moved to this current location near Potrero Hill in 1979. During the 1980s Anchor Steam Beer began to achieve national notice and demand greatly increased, making it the first of the modern microbreweries. It is one of the last remaining breweries to produce California common beer, also known as Steam Beer, a trademark owned by the company. In 2010, the company was purchased by The Griffin Group, an investment and consulting company focused on beverage alcohol brands, and in August 2017, it was acquired by Japanese brewing giant Sapporo Breweries for $85 million.
Gold and roscoelite from California, USA. (public display, Leadville Mining Museum, Leadville, Colorado, USA)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.
Elements are fundamental substances of matter - matter that is composed of the same types of atoms. At present, 118 elements are known. Of these, 98 occur naturally on Earth (hydrogen to californium). Most of these occur in rocks & minerals, although some occur in very small, trace amounts. Only some elements occur in their native elemental state as minerals.
To find a native element in nature, it must be relatively non-reactive and there must be some concentration process. Metallic, semimetallic (metalloid), and nonmetallic elements are known in their native state as minerals.
Gold (Au) is the most prestigious metal known, but it's not the most valuable. Gold is the only metal that has a deep, rich, metallic yellow color. Almost all other metals are silvery-colored. Gold is very rare in crustal rocks - it averages about 5 ppb (parts per billion). Where gold has been concentrated, it occurs as wires, dendritic crystals, twisted sheets, octahedral crystals, and variably-shaped nuggets. It most commonly occurs in hydrothermal quartz veins, disseminated in some contact- & hydrothermal-metamorphic rocks, and in placer deposits. Placers are concentrations of heavy minerals in stream gravels or in cracks on bedrock-floored streams. Gold has a high specific gravity (about 19), so it easily accumulates in placer deposits. Its high density allows prospectors to readily collect placer gold by panning.
In addition to its high density, gold has a high melting point (over 1000º C). Gold is also relatively soft - about 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs Hardness Scale. The use of pure gold or high-purity gold in jewelry is not desirable as it easily gets scratched. The addition of other metals to gold to increase the hardness also alters the unique color of gold. Gold jewelry made & sold in America doesn’t have the gorgeous rich color of high-purity gold.
Locality: Stuckslacker Mine, Coloma, California, USA
-----------------
Photo gallery of gold:
Dendritic gold mass from California, USA. (public display, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.
Elements are fundamental substances of matter - matter that is composed of the same types of atoms. At present, 118 elements are known. Of these, 98 occur naturally on Earth (hydrogen to californium). Most of these occur in rocks & minerals, although some occur in very small, trace amounts. Only some elements occur in their native elemental state as minerals.
To find a native element in nature, it must be relatively non-reactive and there must be some concentration process. Metallic, semimetallic (metalloid), and nonmetallic elements are known in their native state as minerals.
Gold (Au) is the most prestigious metal known, but it's not the most valuable. Gold is the only metal that has a deep, rich, metallic yellow color. Almost all other metals are silvery-colored. Gold is very rare in crustal rocks - it averages about 5 ppb (parts per billion). Where gold has been concentrated, it occurs as wires, dendritic crystals, twisted sheets, octahedral crystals, and variably-shaped nuggets. It most commonly occurs in hydrothermal quartz veins, disseminated in some contact- & hydrothermal-metamorphic rocks, and in placer deposits. Placers are concentrations of heavy minerals in stream gravels or in cracks on bedrock-floored streams. Gold has a high specific gravity (about 19), so it easily accumulates in placer deposits. Its high density allows prospectors to readily collect placer gold by panning.
In addition to its high density, gold has a high melting point (over 1000º C). Gold is also relatively soft - about 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs Hardness Scale. The use of pure gold or high-purity gold in jewelry is not desirable as it easily gets scratched. The addition of other metals to gold to increase the hardness also alters the unique color of gold. Gold jewelry made & sold in America doesn’t have the gorgeous rich color of high-purity gold.
The rock from California shown above is a dendritic gold mass, probably derived from a quartz-gold hydrothermal vein. "Dendritic" refers to the broadly branching pattern of the crystalline gold.
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Photo gallery of gold:
Natural bridge developed in Upper Paleozoic sandstones in Wyoming, USA.
Rock arches are rare erosional features. Rock arches that are not formed by river or stream erosion are called "natural arches". Those that are formed by river or stream erosion are called "natural bridges". Natural bridges are rarer than natural arches. The highest concentration of natural arches on Earth is Arches National Park in eastern Utah, USA. Very small erosional openings in rocks are called windows. Larger erosional openings are arches. Examples next to inland bodies of water are called lake arches. Examples along ocean shorelines are called sea arches.
The natural bridge seen here is developed in sandstones of the Casper Formation in Wyoming. The feature formed by erosional undercutting of a bedrock meander neck.
------------------------------
From park signage:
Natural Bridge and the Oregon Trail
The Oregon Trail crosses LaPrele Creek about one mile downstream from Natural Bridge. Before the modern road was built into the gorge, Natural Bridge was difficult to access, and it was only rarely visited by emigrants of the covered wagon era. From time to time, however, a few ambitious travelers made their way through the heavy brush and down the steep walls of the canyon to see this remarkable work of nature.
While Native Americans were probably well aware of Natural Bridge, the earliest to record their visits were New Orleans newspaperman Matthew Field and Steadman Tilghman, a young doctor from Baltimore. Both were traveling companions of Scottish nobleman William Drummond Stewart. An early day tourist, Stewart had organized several hunting and exploring expeditions into the Rocky Mountains and traveled strictly for pleasure. In 1843, he was making his final trip west.
On July 12, Field wrote: "Rode off in advance of the camp with Sir William, to visit a remarkable mountain gorge - a "natural bridge" of solid rock, over a rapid torrent, the arch being regular as though shaped by art - 30 feet from base to ceiling, and 50 to the top of the bridge - wild cliffs, 300 feet perpendicular beetled us, and the noisy current swept along among huge fragments of rock at our feet. We had a dangerous descent, and forced our way through an almost impervious thicket, being compelled to take the bed of the stream in gaining a position below. We called the water "Bridge Creek" !
Doctor Tilghman: "The Natural Bridge" is perhaps one of the greatest curiosities we saw in the while of our interesting expedition. It is at the extremity of a valley formed of an immense chasm, with rocky sides - and a perpendicular height of 300 feet - through which flows a beautiful chrystal stream."
In 1846, James Frazier Reed of the ill-fated Donner Party was aware of the bridge. In his diary he wrote, "We made this day 18 miles and camped on Beaver Creek. Here is a natural bridge 1.5 miles above camp."
During the California Gold Rush, a few "Forty-niners" found time to visit Natural Bridge. In a letter dated July 4, 1849, while camped at Deer Creek, Cephas Arms of the Fayette Rovers wrote: "Where we camped last night, and we meant to spend the 4th, instead of coming eighteen miles through the dust thick enough to choke us, if we could find grass, was quite a natural curiosity in the shape of a natural bridge. It is thrown over the river where we camped. "Fourche Boise River", and is a perfect arch one hundred feet long and eighteen feet high of solid stone. On either side the perpendicular rocks rise to the height of one hundred and fifty feet. The bridge is just at the foot of the mountain through which the stream passes. The mountain is three or four hundred feet above the plain below, and the river rushes through a gorge in the mountain with perpendicular walls to the top of the hill, the whole forming one of the wildest scenes I ever beheld. The bridge has never been named until today. We have christened it Welch's Bridge in honor of one of our company from Michigan, who pronounces it only second to the far famed Virginia bridge. But I have not time to describe the half I have seen. Scenery the most beautiful and grand I ever saw."
The bridge was named after Adonijah S. Welch of Jonesville, Michigan. A graduate of the University of Michigan, Welch was later the first president of iowa State University.
On June 26, 1850, Isaac R. Starr wrote: "Up near the high cliffs there is an arch of solid stone over this river, 40 or 50 feet wide and 15 feet high. I passed up the river, rose through beneath the arch, and viewed with delight the grand works of nature."
------------------------------
From park signage:
Formation of Ayres Natural Bridge
Meandering LaPrele Creek drainage cuts into alternating layers of sandstone and sandy limestone of the Permian-Pennsylvanian Casper Formation.
LaPrele Creek erodes both the upstream and downstream sides of the outcrop.
Undercutting by the creek collapses the lower level of stone, forming the bridge. The creek then follows the shortcut, flowing under the bridge.
------------------------------
Stratigraphy: Casper Formation (also known as the Tensleep Formation), Middle Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian
Locality: Ayres Natural Bridge over LaPrele Creek, southern end Natural Bridge Road, south of Interstate 25, west of the town of Douglas, Converse County, eastern Wyoming, USA
------------------------------
See info. at:
Cronan Ranch, pictured here is under the stewardship of the BLM Mother Lode Field Office and contains 12 miles of trails for hiking, biking, horseback riding, fishing, bird watching and more near Pilot Hill, California.
The area is part of the South Fork American River corridor. It was once home to riches with the discovery of gold just upstream at Sutter's Mill, which started the famed California Gold Rush. The area is now one of the most popular whitewater rivers in the United States with visitors coming from far and wide to enjoy the class 3+ rapids.
Photo by John Ciccarelli, BLM.
Mission San Francisco de Asís, or Mission Dolores, at 320 Dolores Street, is the oldest surviving structure in San Francisco, and the sixth religious settlement established as part of the California chain of missions. The Mission was founded as La Misión de Nuestro Padre San Francisco de Asís (The Mission of our Father Saint Francis de Assisi) on June 29, 1776 by Lieutenant José Joaquin Moraga and Father Francisco Palóu under the direction of Father Junípero Serra, both members of the de Anza Expedition, which had been charged with bringing Spanish settlers to Alta (upper) California, and evangelizing the local Indians, the Ohlone. Named for St. Francis of Assisi, the founder of the Franciscan Order, it was more commonly known as Mission Dolores, owing to the presence of a nearby creek named Arroyo de Nuestra Señora de los Dolores (Our Lady of Sorrows Creek).
The original Mission building consisted of a log and thatch structure dedicated October 9, 1776 about a block and a half east at the intersection of Camp and Albion Streets. The present Mission church building, constructed of adobe, was dedicated in 1791. Although most of the Mission complex used for housing, agricultural and manufacturing have been altered or demolished, the facade of the chapel remains unchanged.
Since its founding, the Mission's history has paralleled that of California's. As the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821) strained relations between the Government and the Missions, supplies became scarce and by 1842, only eight Christian Native Americans were left at Mission Dolores. The California Gold Rush brought renewed activity to the area, and in the 1850s, some of the Mission properties were sold or leased for use as bars, gambling halls and racetracks, and a Gothic, brick parish church was raised to serve the new population. The 1906 earthquake destroyed the parish church, but the original adobe mission, with its thick walls survived. The building was restored in 1917 by Willis Polk.
In 1918, a new parish church, now known as the Mission Dolores Basilica, was built adjacent to the original Mission church. The church was remodeled in 1926 with churrigueresque ornamentation inspired by the Panama-California Exposition. In 1952, San Francisco Archbishop John J. Mitty, announced that Pope Pius XII had elevated Mission Dolores to the status of a Minor Basilica. It was the first designation of a basilica west of the Mississippi and the fifth basilica named in the United States.
National Register #72000251 (1972)
Natural bridge developed in Upper Paleozoic sandstones in Wyoming, USA.
Rock arches are rare erosional features. Rock arches that are not formed by river or stream erosion are called "natural arches". Those that are formed by river or stream erosion are called "natural bridges". Natural bridges are rarer than natural arches. The highest concentration of natural arches on Earth is Arches National Park in eastern Utah, USA. Very small erosional openings in rocks are called windows. Larger erosional openings are arches. Examples next to inland bodies of water are called lake arches. Examples along ocean shorelines are called sea arches.
The natural bridge seen here (viewed on edge) is developed in reddish and light-colored sandstones of the Casper Formation in Wyoming. The feature formed by erosional undercutting of a bedrock meander neck.
------------------------------
From park signage:
Natural Bridge and the Oregon Trail
The Oregon Trail crosses LaPrele Creek about one mile downstream from Natural Bridge. Before the modern road was built into the gorge, Natural Bridge was difficult to access, and it was only rarely visited by emigrants of the covered wagon era. From time to time, however, a few ambitious travelers made their way through the heavy brush and down the steep walls of the canyon to see this remarkable work of nature.
While Native Americans were probably well aware of Natural Bridge, the earliest to record their visits were New Orleans newspaperman Matthew Field and Steadman Tilghman, a young doctor from Baltimore. Both were traveling companions of Scottish nobleman William Drummond Stewart. An early day tourist, Stewart had organized several hunting and exploring expeditions into the Rocky Mountains and traveled strictly for pleasure. In 1843, he was making his final trip west.
On July 12, Field wrote: "Rode off in advance of the camp with Sir William, to visit a remarkable mountain gorge - a "natural bridge" of solid rock, over a rapid torrent, the arch being regular as though shaped by art - 30 feet from base to ceiling, and 50 to the top of the bridge - wild cliffs, 300 feet perpendicular beetled us, and the noisy current swept along among huge fragments of rock at our feet. We had a dangerous descent, and forced our way through an almost impervious thicket, being compelled to take the bed of the stream in gaining a position below. We called the water "Bridge Creek" !
Doctor Tilghman: "The Natural Bridge" is perhaps one of the greatest curiosities we saw in the while of our interesting expedition. It is at the extremity of a valley formed of an immense chasm, with rocky sides - and a perpendicular height of 300 feet - through which flows a beautiful chrystal stream."
In 1846, James Frazier Reed of the ill-fated Donner Party was aware of the bridge. In his diary he wrote, "We made this day 18 miles and camped on Beaver Creek. Here is a natural bridge 1.5 miles above camp."
During the California Gold Rush, a few "Forty-niners" found time to visit Natural Bridge. In a letter dated July 4, 1849, while camped at Deer Creek, Cephas Arms of the Fayette Rovers wrote: "Where we camped last night, and we meant to spend the 4th, instead of coming eighteen miles through the dust thick enough to choke us, if we could find grass, was quite a natural curiosity in the shape of a natural bridge. It is thrown over the river where we camped. "Fourche Boise River", and is a perfect arch one hundred feet long and eighteen feet high of solid stone. On either side the perpendicular rocks rise to the height of one hundred and fifty feet. The bridge is just at the foot of the mountain through which the stream passes. The mountain is three or four hundred feet above the plain below, and the river rushes through a gorge in the mountain with perpendicular walls to the top of the hill, the whole forming one of the wildest scenes I ever beheld. The bridge has never been named until today. We have christened it Welch's Bridge in honor of one of our company from Michigan, who pronounces it only second to the far famed Virginia bridge. But I have not time to describe the half I have seen. Scenery the most beautiful and grand I ever saw."
The bridge was named after Adonijah S. Welch of Jonesville, Michigan. A graduate of the University of Michigan, Welch was later the first president of iowa State University.
On June 26, 1850, Isaac R. Starr wrote: "Up near the high cliffs there is an arch of solid stone over this river, 40 or 50 feet wide and 15 feet high. I passed up the river, rose through beneath the arch, and viewed with delight the grand works of nature."
------------------------------
From park signage:
Formation of Ayres Natural Bridge
Meandering LaPrele Creek drainage cuts into alternating layers of sandstone and sandy limestone of the Permian-Pennsylvanian Casper Formation.
LaPrele Creek erodes both the upstream and downstream sides of the outcrop.
Undercutting by the creek collapses the lower level of stone, forming the bridge. The creek then follows the shortcut, flowing under the bridge.
------------------------------
Stratigraphy: Casper Formation (also known as the Tensleep Formation), Middle Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian
Locality: Ayres Natural Bridge over LaPrele Creek, southern end Natural Bridge Road, south of Interstate 25, west of the town of Douglas, Converse County, eastern Wyoming, USA
------------------------------
See info. at:
Haven't we all pondered the question at some point in our lives?
btw, I edited this picture of Krystal Rae during the 1st half of the Lakers 1st pre-season game for the 2009-2010 season! I bleed Purple & Gold.
I don't think the intent was to dance a jig, but with the 49ers Gold Rush cheerleaders encouraging a guy, anything's possible...
Downieville is a census-designated place in and the county seat of Sierra County, California, United States. Downieville is on the North Fork of the Yuba River, at an elevation of 2,966 feet (904 m). The 2010 United States census reported Downieville's population was 282.
Downieville was founded in late 1849 during the California Gold Rush, in the Northern Mines area. It was first known as "The Forks" for its geographical location at the confluence of the Downie River and North Fork of the Yuba River.
It was soon renamed after Major William Downie (1820-1893), the town's founder. Downie was a Scotsman who had led an expedition of nine miners, seven of them African American men, up the North Fork of the Yuba River in the Autumn of 1849. At the present site of the town they struck rich gold, built a log cabin, and settled in to wait out the winter. He became the town's first mayor. Major Downie's travels are documented in his 1893 autobiography, "Hunting for Gold." By latter 1850 Downieville already had 15 hotels, 4 bakeries, 4 butcher shops, and numerous saloons.
In 1853 Downieville was vying to become the new state capital of California, along with fifteen other California communities to replace Vallejo. However, the capital was moved to Benicia for a year, and then in 1854 to Sacramento, its location ever since.
The Northern Mines area of the gold rush had a number of mining camps with colorful names, such as Brandy City (originally known as Strychnine City), Whiskey Diggins, Poverty Hill, Poker Flat, and Camptonville. Many of these camps disappeared after the gold rush, or are ghost towns. Downieville had reached a peak population of over 5,000 people in 1851, but by 1865 had significantly declined. It survived due to its status as the county seat of government in Sierra County, and from its geographic location between Sacramento Valley and Tahoe region/Nevada destinations.
Downieville is surrounded by the Yuba River District of the Tahoe National Forest. Popular outdoor recreation activities include fishing, mountain biking, back country "jeeping" and motorcycling, kayaking, hiking and nature walks, gold panning, and sites of the California Gold Rush. Fishing includes planted rainbow trout and German brown trout in the North Fork of the Yuba River.
The town is a popular destination and central hub for mountain biking trails and events.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downieville,_California
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Natural bridge developed in Upper Paleozoic sandstones in Wyoming, USA.
Rock arches are rare erosional features. Rock arches that are not formed by river or stream erosion are called "natural arches". Those that are formed by river or stream erosion are called "natural bridges". Natural bridges are rarer than natural arches. The highest concentration of natural arches on Earth is Arches National Park in eastern Utah, USA. Very small erosional openings in rocks are called windows. Larger erosional openings are arches. Examples next to inland bodies of water are called lake arches. Examples along ocean shorelines are called sea arches.
The natural bridge seen here (viewed on edge) is developed in reddish and light-colored sandstones of the Casper Formation in Wyoming. The feature formed by erosional undercutting of a bedrock meander neck.
------------------------------
From park signage:
Natural Bridge and the Oregon Trail
The Oregon Trail crosses LaPrele Creek about one mile downstream from Natural Bridge. Before the modern road was built into the gorge, Natural Bridge was difficult to access, and it was only rarely visited by emigrants of the covered wagon era. From time to time, however, a few ambitious travelers made their way through the heavy brush and down the steep walls of the canyon to see this remarkable work of nature.
While Native Americans were probably well aware of Natural Bridge, the earliest to record their visits were New Orleans newspaperman Matthew Field and Steadman Tilghman, a young doctor from Baltimore. Both were traveling companions of Scottish nobleman William Drummond Stewart. An early day tourist, Stewart had organized several hunting and exploring expeditions into the Rocky Mountains and traveled strictly for pleasure. In 1843, he was making his final trip west.
On July 12, Field wrote: "Rode off in advance of the camp with Sir William, to visit a remarkable mountain gorge - a "natural bridge" of solid rock, over a rapid torrent, the arch being regular as though shaped by art - 30 feet from base to ceiling, and 50 to the top of the bridge - wild cliffs, 300 feet perpendicular beetled us, and the noisy current swept along among huge fragments of rock at our feet. We had a dangerous descent, and forced our way through an almost impervious thicket, being compelled to take the bed of the stream in gaining a position below. We called the water "Bridge Creek" !
Doctor Tilghman: "The Natural Bridge" is perhaps one of the greatest curiosities we saw in the while of our interesting expedition. It is at the extremity of a valley formed of an immense chasm, with rocky sides - and a perpendicular height of 300 feet - through which flows a beautiful chrystal stream."
In 1846, James Frazier Reed of the ill-fated Donner Party was aware of the bridge. In his diary he wrote, "We made this day 18 miles and camped on Beaver Creek. Here is a natural bridge 1.5 miles above camp."
During the California Gold Rush, a few "Forty-niners" found time to visit Natural Bridge. In a letter dated July 4, 1849, while camped at Deer Creek, Cephas Arms of the Fayette Rovers wrote: "Where we camped last night, and we meant to spend the 4th, instead of coming eighteen miles through the dust thick enough to choke us, if we could find grass, was quite a natural curiosity in the shape of a natural bridge. It is thrown over the river where we camped. "Fourche Boise River", and is a perfect arch one hundred feet long and eighteen feet high of solid stone. On either side the perpendicular rocks rise to the height of one hundred and fifty feet. The bridge is just at the foot of the mountain through which the stream passes. The mountain is three or four hundred feet above the plain below, and the river rushes through a gorge in the mountain with perpendicular walls to the top of the hill, the whole forming one of the wildest scenes I ever beheld. The bridge has never been named until today. We have christened it Welch's Bridge in honor of one of our company from Michigan, who pronounces it only second to the far famed Virginia bridge. But I have not time to describe the half I have seen. Scenery the most beautiful and grand I ever saw."
The bridge was named after Adonijah S. Welch of Jonesville, Michigan. A graduate of the University of Michigan, Welch was later the first president of iowa State University.
On June 26, 1850, Isaac R. Starr wrote: "Up near the high cliffs there is an arch of solid stone over this river, 40 or 50 feet wide and 15 feet high. I passed up the river, rose through beneath the arch, and viewed with delight the grand works of nature."
------------------------------
From park signage:
Formation of Ayres Natural Bridge
Meandering LaPrele Creek drainage cuts into alternating layers of sandstone and sandy limestone of the Permian-Pennsylvanian Casper Formation.
LaPrele Creek erodes both the upstream and downstream sides of the outcrop.
Undercutting by the creek collapses the lower level of stone, forming the bridge. The creek then follows the shortcut, flowing under the bridge.
------------------------------
Stratigraphy: Casper Formation (also known as the Tensleep Formation), Middle Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian
Locality: Ayres Natural Bridge over LaPrele Creek, southern end Natural Bridge Road, south of Interstate 25, west of the town of Douglas, Converse County, eastern Wyoming, USA
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See info. at:
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Ralph Waldo Emerson. The happiest man is he who learns from nature the lesson of worship.
Lucius Annaeus Seneca: On entering a temple we assume all signs of reverence. How much more reverent then should we be before the heavenly bodies, the stars, the very nature of God!
John Muir: All the wild world is beautiful, and it matters but little where we go, to highlands or lowlands, woods or plains, on the sea or land or down among the crystals of waves or high in a balloon in the sky; through all the climates, hot or cold, storms and calms, everywhere and always we are in God's eternal beauty and love. So universally true is this, the spot where we chance to be always seems the best.
San Francisco, California April/2018
San Francisco is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles (121.4 km2), mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area. San Francisco is the fourth-most populous city in California and the 13th-most populous in the United States, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 884,363. The consolidated city-county is also the fifth most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four of the five New York City boroughs. As of 2016, it was the 7th highest-income county in the United States, with a per capita personal income of $110,418.
San Francisco was founded on June 29, 1776, when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away, all named for St. Francis of Assisi.[1] The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, significant immigration, liberalizing attitudes, along with the rise of the "hippie" counterculture, the Sexual Revolution, the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and other factors led to the Summer of Loveand the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines.
A popular tourist destination San Francisco is known for its cool summers, fog, steep rolling hills, eclectic mix of architecture and landmarks, including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, the former Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, Fisherman's Wharf, and its Chinatown district. San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions
As of 2017, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings
Source: Wikipedia
São Francisco (em inglês: San Francisco) é a quarta cidade mais populosa do estado da Califórnia e a 13ª mais populosa dos Estados Unidos, com uma população de 805 235 habitantes, segundo o censo nacional de 2010. É a cidade mais densamente povoada da Califórnia e a segunda cidade grande (com uma população superior a 200 000) mais densamente povoada dos Estados Unidos.
Em 1776, os espanhóis estabeleceram uma fortaleza no Golden Gate e uma missão chamada de Francisco de Assis no local. A Corrida do ouro na Califórnia, em 1848, impulsionou a cidade em um período de rápido crescimento, o aumento da população em um ano foi de 1 000 a 25 000 habitantes, e, portanto, transformando-a na maior cidade da Costa Oeste dos Estados Unidos na época. Depois de três quartos da cidade terem sido destruídos pelo terremoto e incêndio de 1906, São Francisco foi reconstruída rapidamente, recebendo a Exposição Universal Panamá-Pacífico nove anos depois. Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, São Francisco foi o porto de embarque para a Guerra do Pacífico]. Após a guerra, o retorno dos militares, a imigração em massa, atitudes de liberalização e outros fatores que levaram ao Verão do Amor e ao movimento pelos direitos dos homossexuais, consolidaram São Francisco como um centro de ativismo liberal nos Estados Unidos.
Hoje, São Francisco é um popular destino turístico internacional, conhecido pela sua neblina fria do verão, íngremes colinas, eclética mistura de arquitetura vitoriana e moderna e seus marcos históricos famosos, incluindo a Ponte Golden Gate, os bondes e Chinatown. A cidade é também um centro financeiro e bancário, sendo sede de mais de 30 instituições financeiras internacionais, ajudando a São Francisco a se tornar a décima oitava cidade mais rica do mundo e nona nos Estados Unidos
Fonte: Wikipedia
Boydtown.Benjamin Boyd owned ships and set himself up at Two Fold Bay to start his shipping service to Hobart and Sydney. He created Boydtown and started building a hotel, church, wool store and jetty in 1843 with convict labour from assigned men. He then established a new whaling station further away along the coast. A depression destroyed much of Boyd’s wealth and he closed Boydtown down in 1849 leaving the church and tower only partially completed but the Seahorse Inn, which we can see today, was completed. The remains of the amazing brick built church are heritage listed. South of Boydtown is a heritage listed lookout tower which Boyd had started but did not completed. It is about 30 kms away by road from Boydtown itself but only a few kms by boat. After deserting Boydtown Boyd set sail for the Californian gold fields but died on the way there in 1851. The Seahorse Inn fell into disrepair and was restored in 1973. The Tudor Gothic church with a four storey tower remains in ruins as do most of the other cottages and buildings at Boydtown.
As the California Gold Rush drew to a close, Bodie started dying out. Two devastating fires ravaged the settlement. The second, in 1932, left only around 10 percent of the original town standing. What's left has been effectively preserved by the California State Parks service for over half a century.
Gold-quartz hydrothermal vein from California, USA. (CMNH 35499, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio, USA)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 5600 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.
Elements are fundamental substances of matter - matter that is composed of the same types of atoms. At present, 118 elements are known. Of these, 98 occur naturally on Earth (hydrogen to californium). Most of these occur in rocks & minerals, although some occur in very small, trace amounts. Only some elements occur in their native elemental state as minerals.
To find a native element in nature, it must be relatively non-reactive and there must be some concentration process. Metallic, semimetallic (metalloid), and nonmetallic elements are known in their native state as minerals.
Gold (Au) is the most prestigious metal known, but it's not the most valuable. Gold is the only metal that has a deep, rich, metallic yellow color. Almost all other metals are silvery-colored. Gold is very rare in crustal rocks - it averages about 5 ppb (parts per billion). Where gold has been concentrated, it occurs as wires, dendritic crystals, twisted sheets, octahedral crystals, and variably-shaped nuggets. It most commonly occurs in hydrothermal quartz veins, disseminated in some contact- & hydrothermal-metamorphic rocks, and in placer deposits. Placers are concentrations of heavy minerals in stream gravels or in cracks on bedrock-floored streams. Gold has a high specific gravity (about 19), so it easily accumulates in placer deposits. Its high density allows prospectors to readily collect placer gold by panning.
In addition to its high density, gold has a high melting point (over 1000º C). Gold is also relatively soft - about 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs Hardness Scale. The use of pure gold or high-purity gold in jewelry is not desirable as it easily gets scratched. The addition of other metals to gold to increase the hardness also alters the unique color of gold. Gold jewelry made & sold in America doesn’t have the gorgeous rich color of high-purity gold.
The rock shown above is from a gold-quartz hydrothermal vein in California's "Mother Lode" gold belt.
Locality: Eagles Nest Mine, Placer County, California, USA
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Photo gallery of gold:
Doorway in an abandoned house in the California gold mining ghost town of Bodie. November, 2009. Single shot HDR image.
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Hartwig & Vogel Chocolate "Pioneers" c1910
#6 The Gold Rush ~ Sacramento California, 1850 ~ "Roaring Camp"
ohn Deighton (November 1830 – May 23, 1875), generally known as "Gassy Jack", was a Canadian bar owner who was born in Hull, England. The Gastown neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia is named after him.
Growing up in Hull, a major seaport, Deighton and his brothers Tom and Richard learned to sail. Tom and Richard apprenticed on British ships, but Jack did not receive that opportunity. However, this meant he could switch to sailing on U.S. ships. When the California Gold Rush hit, ships were in demand to transport cargo and people from New York to San Francisco. In 1850, this voyage around Cape Horn took 140–160 days. Deighton signed up to work a new clipper Invincible[1] that could sail 400 miles a day and made the trip in only 115 days. The next journey was to Hong Kong. Deighton was 21 years old and Third Officer. Next, Deighton visited family at home in England and then returned to the U.S., never returning to England again.[2]
Next, Deighton worked a gold claim in California, along with many others, until February 1858 when there was news of gold further north in a British territory known as New Caledonia. The Fraser Canyon Gold Rush had begun and Deighton sailed north along with thousands of others. The harsh winter took its toll on the prospectors but Deighton stayed for 5 years. He found no gold, though others did. New Caledonia was now the Colony of British Columbia. Traffic on the Fraser River was increasing as more miners arrived, but so far only American steamers were able to travel beyond Langley. Local boats were built to meet this need and Deighton piloted steamships and sternwheelers on the Fraser River for several years.[3]
By 1864, Deighton was forced to pursue other lines of work as he developed health problems (swelling of the legs and feet).[4]
Between 1862 and 1867, he ran a bar called the Globe Saloon in New Westminster, British Columbia. It was quite prosperous due to the Cariboo Gold Rush. But in 1867 when Deighton went out of town to visit the hot mineral springs near Harrison Lake, he entrusted the bar to an old shipmate, an American. On July 4 the celebrations got out of hand and Deighton returned to find his business ruined.[5]
In 1867, Deighton opened a bar on the south side of Burrard Inlet at the behest of his old friend, Captain Edward Stamp, the owner of the Hastings Mill. He later named it the Globe Saloon in memory of his previous bar in New Westminster. He came to the area with little more than $6 to his name, a few simple pieces of furniture, his native wife (whose name has been lost to the years), and a yellow dog. The bar was built by idle sawmill workers in exchange for all the whiskey they could drink in one sitting (the nearest drinking hole was 25 miles away).[6] His patrons were mainly sailors and workers from the nearby sawmill. When business dwindled there, Deighton tried to acquire 20 waterfront acres near Moody's Mill and build a new saloon there. The local natives protested and the Governor agreed - Deighton went back to his previous bar, the Globe Saloon. This bar was demolished when the townsite of Granville was established. Deighton bought a nearby lot for $135 at the south-west corner of Carrall and Water Streets, where he built Deighton House.[7]
Deighton's native wife died. Before she died she arranged for Deighton to marry her 12-year-old niece Quahail-ya, also known as Madeline or Matrine. In 1871 she gave birth to Richard Mason Deighton. Jack's brother Tom Deighton and his wife took over the business in 1873 and Jack returned to working the steamship that plied the Fraser River, this time as a Captain of the steamer Onward. However, after a family quarrel a few months later, Jack resumed management of the saloon and operated it until he became ill and died at the age of 44 on May 23, 1875. He is interred at the Fraser Cemetery in New Westminster, British Columbia. The location of the monument is 49°13.322′N 122°53.815′W (WGS84).
Deighton was known as Gassy Jack because of his talkative nature and his penchant for storytelling. The name stuck and the area around his bar is now known as Gastown.
He was succeeded by his son with Quahail-ya, Richard, who was derisively nicknamed the "Earl of Granville". Richard died before Jack's meager estate (about $300) was probated. Quahail-ya returned to the North Shore and married "Big William". She outlived him too, and died August 10, 1948, aged 90.[8]
The Deighton House was later burned in the Great Vancouver Fire of June 1886.
In honour of Jack Deighton, the Gassy Jack statue stands in Maple Tree Square, in Gastown.
State Route 49 (SR 49) is a north–south state highway in the U.S. state of California that passes through many historic mining communities of the 1849 California gold rush. Highway 49 is numbered after the "49ers", the waves of immigrants who swept into the area looking for gold, and a portion of it is known as the Gold Country Highway. This roadway begins at Oakhurst, Madera County, in the Sierra Nevada, where it diverges from State Route 41. It continues in a generally northwest direction, weaving through the communities of Goldside and Ahwahnee, before crossing into Mariposa County. State Route 49 then continues northward through the counties of Tuolumne, Calaveras, Amador, El Dorado, Placer, Nevada, Yuba, Sierra, and Plumas, where it reaches its northern terminus at State Route 70, in Vinton.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Route_49
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Gold mass from California, USA. (public display, Seaman Mineral Musuem, Michigan Tech University, Houghton, Michigan, USA)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.
Elements are fundamental substances of matter - matter that is composed of the same types of atoms. At present, 118 elements are known. Of these, 98 occur naturally on Earth (hydrogen to californium). Most of these occur in rocks & minerals, although some occur in very small, trace amounts. Only some elements occur in their native elemental state as minerals.
To find a native element in nature, it must be relatively non-reactive and there must be some concentration process. Metallic, semimetallic (metalloid), and nonmetallic elements are known in their native state as minerals.
Gold (Au) is the most prestigious metal known, but it's not the most valuable. Gold is the only metal that has a deep, rich, metallic yellow color. Almost all other metals are silvery-colored. Gold is very rare in crustal rocks - it averages about 5 ppb (parts per billion). Where gold has been concentrated, it occurs as wires, dendritic crystals, twisted sheets, octahedral crystals, and variably-shaped nuggets. It most commonly occurs in hydrothermal quartz veins, disseminated in some contact- & hydrothermal-metamorphic rocks, and in placer deposits. Placers are concentrations of heavy minerals in stream gravels or in cracks on bedrock-floored streams. Gold has a high specific gravity (about 19), so it easily accumulates in placer deposits. Its high density allows prospectors to readily collect placer gold by panning.
In addition to its high density, gold has a high melting point (over 1000º C). Gold is also relatively soft - about 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs Hardness Scale. The use of pure gold or high-purity gold in jewelry is not desirable as it easily gets scratched. The addition of other metals to gold to increase the hardness also alters the unique color of gold. Gold jewelry made & sold in America doesn’t have the gorgeous rich color of high-purity gold.
The rock shown above is gold mixed with some quartz from the Eagle's Nest Mine at Forresthill, California, USA
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Photo gallery of gold:
This Mormon Battalion Visitor's Center is located in Old Town San Diego and is owned and run by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. This visitor's center has since been torn down and completely renovated, as seen here in 2010.
The Mormon Battalion was the only religiously based unit in United States military history, and it served from July 1846 to July 1847 during the Mexican-American War. The battalion was a volunteer unit of between 534 and 559 Latter-day Saints men led by Mormon company officers, commanded by regular US army officers. During its service, the battalion made a grueling march, at nearly 2,000 miles in length from Council Bluffs, Iowa to San Diego, California.
The battalion's march and service was instrumental in helping the US secure much of the American Southwest, including new lands in several Western states, especially the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 of much of southern Arizona. The march also opened a southern wagon route to California. Veterans of the battalion played significant roles in America's westward expansion in California, Utah, Arizona and other parts of the West.
The Mormon Battalion arrived in San Diego, California on January 29, 1847 after a march of some 1,900 miles from Iowa. For the next five months until their discharge on July 16, 1847 in Los Angeles, the battalion trained and also performed occupation duties in several locations in southern California. The most significant service the battalion provided in California and during the war, was as a reliable unit under Cooke that General Kearny could rely on to block Fremont's mutinous bid to control California. The construction of Fort Moore was one measure Cooke employed to protect legitimate military and civil control under Kearny. Some 22 Mormon men died from disease or other natural causes during their service. About 80 of the men re-enlisted for another six months of service.
A few of the men escorted John C. Fremont back east for his court-martial. A few discharged veterans worked in the Sacramento area for James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill. Henry Bigler recorded the actual date, January 24, 1848, in his diary (now on display at the Huntington Library in San Marino, CA) when gold was discovered. This gold find started the California Gold Rush the next year. $17,000 in gold was contributed to the economy of the Latter-day Saints' new home by members of the Mormon Battalion returning from California.
Downieville is a census-designated place in and the county seat of Sierra County, California, United States. Downieville is on the North Fork of the Yuba River, at an elevation of 2,966 feet (904 m). The 2010 United States census reported Downieville's population was 282.
Downieville was founded in late 1849 during the California Gold Rush, in the Northern Mines area. It was first known as "The Forks" for its geographical location at the confluence of the Downie River and North Fork of the Yuba River.
It was soon renamed after Major William Downie (1820-1893), the town's founder. Downie was a Scotsman who had led an expedition of nine miners, seven of them African American men, up the North Fork of the Yuba River in the Autumn of 1849. At the present site of the town they struck rich gold, built a log cabin, and settled in to wait out the winter. He became the town's first mayor. Major Downie's travels are documented in his 1893 autobiography, "Hunting for Gold." By latter 1850 Downieville already had 15 hotels, 4 bakeries, 4 butcher shops, and numerous saloons.
In 1853 Downieville was vying to become the new state capital of California, along with fifteen other California communities to replace Vallejo. However, the capital was moved to Benicia for a year, and then in 1854 to Sacramento, its location ever since.
The Northern Mines area of the gold rush had a number of mining camps with colorful names, such as Brandy City (originally known as Strychnine City), Whiskey Diggins, Poverty Hill, Poker Flat, and Camptonville. Many of these camps disappeared after the gold rush, or are ghost towns. Downieville had reached a peak population of over 5,000 people in 1851, but by 1865 had significantly declined. It survived due to its status as the county seat of government in Sierra County, and from its geographic location between Sacramento Valley and Tahoe region/Nevada destinations.
Downieville is surrounded by the Yuba River District of the Tahoe National Forest. Popular outdoor recreation activities include fishing, mountain biking, back country "jeeping" and motorcycling, kayaking, hiking and nature walks, gold panning, and sites of the California Gold Rush. Fishing includes planted rainbow trout and German brown trout in the North Fork of the Yuba River.
The town is a popular destination and central hub for mountain biking trails and events.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downieville,_California
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Mission San Francisco de Asís, or Mission Dolores, at 320 Dolores Street, is the oldest surviving structure in San Francisco, and the sixth religious settlement established as part of the California chain of missions. The Mission was founded as La Misión de Nuestro Padre San Francisco de Asís (The Mission of our Father Saint Francis de Assisi) on June 29, 1776 by Lieutenant José Joaquin Moraga and Father Francisco Palóu under the direction of Father Junípero Serra, both members of the de Anza Expedition, which had been charged with bringing Spanish settlers to Alta (upper) California, and evangelizing the local Indians, the Ohlone. Named for St. Francis of Assisi, the founder of the Franciscan Order, it was more commonly known as Mission Dolores, owing to the presence of a nearby creek named Arroyo de Nuestra Señora de los Dolores (Our Lady of Sorrows Creek).
The original Mission building consisted of a log and thatch structure dedicated October 9, 1776 about a block and a half east at the intersection of Camp and Albion Streets. The present Mission church building, constructed of adobe, was dedicated in 1791. Although most of the Mission complex used for housing, agricultural and manufacturing have been altered or demolished, the facade of the chapel remains unchanged.
Since its founding, the Mission's history has paralleled that of California's. As the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821) strained relations between the Government and the Missions, supplies became scarce and by 1842, only eight Christian Native Americans were left at Mission Dolores. The California Gold Rush brought renewed activity to the area, and in the 1850s, some of the Mission properties were sold or leased for use as bars, gambling halls and racetracks, and a Gothic, brick parish church was raised to serve the new population. The 1906 earthquake destroyed the parish church, but the original adobe mission, with its thick walls survived. The building was restored in 1917 by Willis Polk.
In 1918, a new parish church, now known as the Mission Dolores Basilica, was built adjacent to the original Mission church. The church was remodeled in 1926 with churrigueresque ornamentation inspired by the Panama-California Exposition. In 1952, San Francisco Archbishop John J. Mitty, announced that Pope Pius XII had elevated Mission Dolores to the status of a Minor Basilica. It was the first designation of a basilica west of the Mississippi and the fifth basilica named in the United States.
National Register #72000251 (1972)
"St. John the Baptist Catholic Church and its cemetery date back to the California Gold Rush. The cemetery was established in the 1850s and the church was built in 1857. The church and graveyard site are open to the public, free of charge. The old gravestones and pathways provide a picturesque and historically interesting visit.
The cemetery is approximately 200 feet wide and 375 feet long, with the church building and parking lot taking up about a third of the property."
www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMKT0G_St_John_the_Baptist_Ca...
Westwood Theater / Village Theatre
Broxton Avenue, Westwood ◇ Los Angeles ◇ California
Architect: Percy Parke Lewis
In 1929, William Fox announced his intention to build a movie theatre in the rapidly growing university area of Westwood Village. The theatre opened as the Fox Westwood Village in the summer of 1931.
The theatre's Mediterranean design reflected the area's prevailing style of architecture. The UCLA colors of blue and gold were used in the building's lighting and decorative elements.
The stage curtain depicting college coeds in classical dance formations and school sports further emphasized the university connection. The foyer originally featured murals depicting the California Gold Rush.
The building's soaring "wedding cake" tower, with chimera guards facing each direction, dominated the neighborhood skyline and can be seen from Wilshire Boulevard. Although remodeled a number of times, it retains its classic Art Deco style.
Mann Theatres took over this and the nearby Bruin Theatres in 1973; Regency Theatres assumed operation of both venues in 2010.
2019-03-08_07-25-01
The Yuba Goldfields is a valley of 10,000 acres (40 km2) on both sides of the Yuba River in Yuba County, California, located northeast of Marysville. The goldfields are noted for their otherworldly appearance, filled with oddly shaped gravel mountains, ravines, streams and turquoise-colored pools of water. From the air, the goldfields are said to resemble intestines.
They were created during the California Gold Rush. The first Yuba-area miners panned for gold in stream beds in the valley but within a decade large-scale industrial processes replaced solitary prospectors. Mining companies moved from the valley floor into the Sierra Nevada foothills, where miners blasted gravel hillsides with high-pressure jets of water—a process called hydraulic mining.
One hundred and fifty years of gold mining and also gravel mining have given the Goldfields the unique and completely unnatural landscape that exists today.
Between 1875 and 1883, a string of 28 stagecoach robberies hit the Wells Fargo Bank between California and Southern Oregon. Known as "Black Bart" after some poetry left by the "po8", the robber, wearing a duster and bowler, covered in a flour bag with holes cut into it, and armed with a shotgun and apparently in command of a large gang, would appear at a bend or hill on a well-traveled route, politely ask the driver for the strongbox, and then flee on foot, making off with thousands of dollars a year. Dime store novels exploded with lurid stories of the brutal outlaw who robbed at will, cementing his legend into the story of the American West. Black Bart was finally caught in 1883 after robbing his final stagecoach near Funk Hill (Copperopolis), ironically the site of his first robbery. A hunter scheduled to be picked up by the stagecoach came upon Black Bart robbing his ride and fired at the outlaw, wounding him in the hand. His gun was found to be unloaded. Wells Fargo investigator James Hume searching the scene later came upon a handkerchief labeled "F.X.0.7", which was traced all the way to a laundromat in San Francisco, who identified the culprit: Charles Bowles/Bolton, a dapper, well-off gentleman who claimed he was a mining engineer.
Bowles was an Englishman who had visited the California gold fields multiple times (and failed to hit it rich) fought in the American Civil War, and then left his wife and children (who thought he was dead) to go to California. Bowles was brought to the Calaveras County Courthouse, where he confessed to the final robbery and was sentenced to six years in San Quentin Prison. He got off in four years for good behavior, renounced crime (after a journalist asked whether he would continue writing poems his reply was "Now, didn't you hear me say that I am through with crime?") and disappeared as mysteriously as he appeared, vanishing after visiting a hotel in Visalia. Legend has it that Wells Fargo pensioned off the bandit to never show up again, though the bank has always denied it.
Black Bart Inn was rumored to be one of the locations the outlaw stayed when he was robbing stagecoaches in Gold Country. Bowles definitely was in the area, as his trial was just across the street.
San Andreas, California
The guardian of the Golden Gate and pride of the Pacific, Fort Point was constructed by the US Army Corps of Engineers between 1853 and 1861 during the height of the California Gold Rush. Planned as a formidable deterrence to attack by foreign powers, its guns never actually fired a shot in anger. It stands today at the San Francisco (southern) end of the Golden Gate Bridge as a monument to more than two centuries of military presence on San Francisco Bay.
The beautifully arched and empty casemates in this photograph originally contained the fort's cannons which were set behind walls up to seven feet thick. There were three tiers of cannons on the east, west and, north sides, one on each floor. Each of these sides looks out on the straits of the Golden Gate and into the harbor. There were a total of 126 cannon positions inside the fort's walls. 8-inch 'Columbiads' were mounted in this section of the third tier. The Columbiads were large caliber, smoothbore, muzzle loading cannons able to fire heavy projectiles at both high and low trajectories.
Look at the floor in this photograph and you can still see the traces of traversing tracks left by wooden carriages that allowed the cannons to reposition.
Mariposa had quartz deposits, which enabled the town to survive the end of the California Gold Rush, however Fremont was not so lucky. As the gold declined, miners arguing that Fremont had no rights to the gold resulted in length court cases and tense confrontations. Fremont finally sold the mines in1863 for $6 million after losing most of his wealth in railroad speculation and ended up surviving on his wife Jesse's romanticized novels about his younger exploits. Mariposa declined like all the Gold Rush towns, but survived because of its location. As news of the beauty of Yosemite drifted out by the 1880s, Mariposa began a brisk business as a tourist gateway to Yosemite, which it continues to do so today. It remains a small community of a few thousand, with no stoplights.
Mariposa, California