View allAll Photos Tagged Bridges_and_Tunnel
The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing across the East River. It was also the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time of its opening, with a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) and a deck located 127 ft (38.7 m) above mean high water. The span was originally called the New York and Brooklyn Bridge or the East River Bridge but was officially renamed the Brooklyn Bridge in 1915.
Proposals for a bridge connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn were first made in the early 19th century, which eventually led to the construction of the current span, designed by John A. Roebling. His son Washington Roebling oversaw the construction and contributed further design work, assisted by the latter's wife, Emily Warren Roebling. While construction started in 1870, numerous controversies and the novelty of the designed construction process caused the actual construction to be prolonged over thirteen years. Since opening, the Brooklyn Bridge has undergone several reconfigurations, having carried horse-drawn vehicles and elevated railway lines until 1950. To alleviate increasing traffic flows, additional bridges and tunnels were built across the East River. Following gradual deterioration, the Brooklyn Bridge has been renovated several times, including in the 1950s, 1980s, and 2010s.
The Brooklyn Bridge is the southernmost of four toll-free vehicular bridges connecting Manhattan Island and Long Island, with the Manhattan, Williamsburg, and Queensboro bridges to the north. Only passenger vehicles and pedestrian and bicycle traffic are permitted. A major tourist attraction since its opening, the Brooklyn Bridge has become an icon of New York City. Over the years, the bridge has been used as the location of various stunts and performances, as well as several crimes and attacks. The Brooklyn Bridge has been designated a National Historic Landmark, a New York City landmark, and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
The Wutach Valley Railway or German: Wutachtalbahn is one of the most unusual and impressive stretches of railway in Germany. It links the town of Waldshut-Tiengen, on the Upper Rhine Railway (Hochrheinbahn) and the border of Baden-Württemberg and Switzerland, with Immendingen on the Black Forest Railway (Schwarzwaldbahn). Because of the twisting route of its central section, it is popularly known as the Sauschwänzlebahn (pigtail line).
The line was planned in the 1860s, though construction was not completed until the 1890s, and its purpose was at least partly strategic, to allow a means for moving military supplies around the south of the Black Forest; the German Empire having seized Alsace and Lorraine from the French in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71, a revenge attack in this area from the French or a preemptive strike to prevent one were key issues in German military thinking at the time. The normal commercial route along the Rhine passed into Swiss territory so could not be used for military purposes.
The southern section of the line, following the valley of the Wutach river from Waldshut-Tiengen to Weizen (part of the town of Stühlingen), is relatively conventional. However, the middle section, from Weizen to Blumberg, involved an approximately 250 meter gain in height, and the military authorities specified that the line must not have a gradient of more than 1:100. Accordingly, the line proceeds in a series of curves (including one complete circle), taking 26.5 km of track to travel a beeline distance of 9.5 km, with spectacular large viaducts, tunnels and bridges including the only spiral railway tunnel in Germany.
The track is of standard gauge and is mainly single track; the bridges and tunnels were built on a scale to allow eventual doubling of the track, though this was never carried out. The final section, from Blumberg to meet the Black Forest Railway near Geisingen, is again relatively conventional.
The line did indeed play a strategic role at various times in its history, and its most recent refurbishment (in the early 1960s) was carried out with NATO funds. However, in the period after the Second World War its commercial use declined, and, section by section, passenger service was withdrawn, though the southern section remained open for freight traffic until 2001.
After the Deutsche Bundesbahn withdrew passenger services on the central section in 1974, a voluntary organization was set up in 1976 to re-open it as a museum line under steam traction, and it is now a popular tourist attraction. There have been a number of initiatives to re-open passenger services on the other sections of the line as part of a regional transport strategy, and since December 2004 the northern section has formed part of the 3rd Ring Railway (3er Ringzug) network of local railway lines in the south-eastern part of the Black Forest, in the districts of Tuttlingen, Rottweil and Schwarzwald-Baar. The southern section remains out of regular use, though the line remains usable.
Date: 22.03.2011
Location: Amsterdam Noord, Mosveld
Wall: 650 m2 of the complete bridge and tunnel walls
All artists of the Urban Art Exchange SH(OUT)!!! painted together the complete bridge and tunnel walls at the Mosplein in Amsterdam Noord. A common color scheme for the styels and the background was chosen by the organisation crew. During a preparation meeting the wall space was divided amon the artists in order to get a good composition of stylewriters and characters.
URBAN ART MURALISM - ARTIST EXCHANGE in AMSTERDAM
A group of 36 Urban Artists coming from six European countries – Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Italy, France and Austria – took part in the European Art Exchange Project “SH(OUT)!!!” from 18.03.11 to 27.03.11 in Amsterdam.
The main activities included several mural paintings in the city of Amsterdam, an exhibition in the Dokhuis Gallery as well as a common art workshop with local young people.
Nowadays Urban Art has worldwide acceptance as a young art form. Urban Artists form and transform public spaces and present their work, free of charge, throughout the cities. The event gives respect and pays tribute to art from the streets and makes this art form more accessible to a broader audience through various live painting activities in the city, two innovative group exhibitions and workshops.
Visit our website: www.urban-art-muralism.com/
Check our Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/urbanartattack
On 14th Oct 2018, 10000 Hong Kong protesters hold a rally from Causeway Bay to the Central Office, to protest the government 's plan to spend probably 1 trillion Hong Kong dollars to build artificial islands and accompanying bridges and tunnels in the East of Lantau Island.
The former "East Lantau Metropolis project" proposed to reclaim 1000 hectares , has been replaced this week by an even more ambitious project of "Lantau Tomorrow Vision " of reclaiming 1700 hectares to house 1.1million people by the Chief Executive Carrie Lam, preempting the awaited public consultation report by the Task Force on Land Supply.
The protestors worried the project has not considered the risks under extreme weather, will irreversibly damage the environment, burn up the whole fiscal reserve, and deprive the public of the funding for other more important fields like medical , education, and retirement scheme.
Moreover the project , requiring 2 to 3 decades to complete , cannot cater for the immediate housing needs of the general public, as compared to other source of land supply such as the Fanling Golf Course , brownfield sites and buy back farmland from private estate developers for public housing.
大约一萬名市民於十月十四日參與由銅鑼灣至政總的遊行 ,抗議政府計劃用一萬億元填海及興建東大嶼人工島方案。
示威者認為政府的明日大嶼計劃填海1700公頃及其他的橋樑或隧道, 將會對環境造成不可挽回的影響, 亦未有考慮到人工島能否應付極端的天氣, 財政上會用盡香港的儲備, 亦令到沒有足夠財政資源用於醫療、教育及全民退休保障等。
示威者亦不滿政府亦未有等待土地供應小組的咨詢結果便公佈填海作為主要選項。但填海需時20至30年才提供到1.1百萬人的住宅, 相反其他土地供應選項如收回粉嶺哥爾夫球場、粽地、及用官地收回條例收回地產發展商的農地作公營房屋卻能夠比較快提供到房屋。
On 14th Oct 2018, 10000 Hong Kong protesters hold a rally from Causeway Bay to the Central Office, to protest the government 's plan to spend probably 1 trillion Hong Kong dollars to build artificial islands and accompanying bridges and tunnels in the East of Lantau Island.
The former "East Lantau Metropolis project" proposed to reclaim 1000 hectares , has been replaced this week by an even more ambitious project of "Lantau Tomorrow Vision " of reclaiming 1700 hectares to house 1.1million people by the Chief Executive Carrie Lam, preempting the awaited public consultation report by the Task Force on Land Supply.
The protestors worried the project has not considered the risks under extreme weather, will irreversibly damage the environment, burn up the whole fiscal reserve, and deprive the public of the funding for other more important fields like medical , education, and retirement scheme.
Moreover the project , requiring 2 to 3 decades to complete , cannot cater for the immediate housing needs of the general public, as compared to other source of land supply such as the Fanling Golf Course , brownfield sites and buy back farmland from private estate developers for public housing.
大约一萬名市民於十月十四日參與由銅鑼灣至政總的遊行 ,抗議政府計劃用一萬億元填海及興建東大嶼人工島方案。
示威者認為政府的明日大嶼計劃填海1700公頃及其他的橋樑或隧道, 將會對環境造成不可挽回的影響, 亦未有考慮到人工島能否應付極端的天氣, 財政上會用盡香港的儲備, 亦令到沒有足夠財政資源用於醫療、教育及全民退休保障等。
示威者亦不滿政府亦未有等待土地供應小組的咨詢結果便公佈填海作為主要選項。但填海需時20至30年才提供到1.1百萬人的住宅, 相反其他土地供應選項如收回粉嶺哥爾夫球場、粽地、及用官地收回條例收回地產發展商的農地作公營房屋卻能夠比較快提供到房屋。
Previously "Sexy Dude who was completely inappropriately drunk and grabby, but obviously has made certain life decisions as indicated by his illustration featured in his arm pit that makes this type of behavior socially acceptable."
Sydney Gardens, Bath.
Kennet & Avon Canal.
Coalbrookdale Footbridge.
A footbridge over the Kennet & Avon Canal, dated 1800.
Designed by John Rennie (1761-1821), engineer, and manufactured by the Coalbrookdale factory at Ironbridge, Shropshire.
Grade ll* listed.
The Kennet & Avon Canal is made up of two lengths of navigable river linked by a canal. The name is used to refer to the entire length of the navigation rather than solely to the central canal section. From Bristol to Bath the waterway follows the natural course of the River Avon before the canal links it to the River Kennet at Newbury, and from there to Reading on the River Thames. In all, the waterway incorporates 105 locks.
Sydney Gardens were laid out as commercial pleasure grounds between 1792 and 1794; the initial design was by the architect Thomas Baldwin, who, after he went bankrupt, was replaced by Charles Harcourt Masters in 1794. They were opened on 11 May 1795 as Sydney Gardens Vauxhall, and rapidly became a popular place of entertainment, hosting public breakfasts, promenades and galas. The main building was the Sydney Tavern, which stood at the western end of the central walk, and housed tea and card rooms, a ballroom, coffee room and a public house. In 1799, a section of the Kennet & Avon Canal was cut through the gardens, with the addition of decorative bridges and tunnels, which added to the picturesque appeal of the pleasure grounds; these were insisted upon by the proprietors of Sydney Gardens as part of their agreement with the canal company, which was entered into in 1795. The canal company paid £2,100 and the cost of providing the bridges and tunnels as compensation for the intrusion into the gardens. During the early C19, additional features and structures were introduced, adding variety and surprise in accordance with landscape design principles of the period. From c1839, a section of the Great Western Railway was constructed, cutting through the gardens. Later in the C19, further ornamental structures were introduced, but these were largely cleared away after World War Two. In 1891, when the original 99-year lease of the Gardens expired, the entire site, including the Tavern, by then in use as a college, was sold, with the intention of replacing the former Tavern with a large hotel, and remodelling the grounds. The plan was abandoned and in 1908, the site was purchased by Bath City Council; the gardens were opened to the public as a municipal park in 1913, while the Tavern was remodelled by Sir Reginald Blomfield into the Holburne of Menstrie Museum. The gardens remain in use as a public park.
Airport Link M7 bridge and tunnel walk before opening to traffic at the end of July 2012. Bowen Hills, Brisbane.
On 14th Oct 2018, 10000 Hong Kong protesters hold a rally from Causeway Bay to the Central Office, to protest the government 's plan to spend probably 1 trillion Hong Kong dollars to build artificial islands and accompanying bridges and tunnels in the East of Lantau Island.
The former "East Lantau Metropolis project" proposed to reclaim 1000 hectares , has been replaced this week by an even more ambitious project of "Lantau Tomorrow Vision " of reclaiming 1700 hectares to house 1.1million people by the Chief Executive Carrie Lam, preempting the awaited public consultation report by the Task Force on Land Supply.
The protestors worried the project has not considered the risks under extreme weather, will irreversibly damage the environment, burn up the whole fiscal reserve, and deprive the public of the funding for other more important fields like medical , education, and retirement scheme.
Moreover the project , requiring 2 to 3 decades to complete , cannot cater for the immediate housing needs of the general public, as compared to other source of land supply such as the Fanling Golf Course , brownfield sites and buy back farmland from private estate developers for public housing.
大约一萬名市民於十月十四日參與由銅鑼灣至政總的遊行 ,抗議政府計劃用一萬億元填海及興建東大嶼人工島方案。
示威者認為政府的明日大嶼計劃填海1700公頃及其他的橋樑或隧道, 將會對環境造成不可挽回的影響, 亦未有考慮到人工島能否應付極端的天氣, 財政上會用盡香港的儲備, 亦令到沒有足夠財政資源用於醫療、教育及全民退休保障等。
示威者亦不滿政府亦未有等待土地供應小組的咨詢結果便公佈填海作為主要選項。但填海需時20至30年才提供到1.1百萬人的住宅, 相反其他土地供應選項如收回粉嶺哥爾夫球場、粽地、及用官地收回條例收回地產發展商的農地作公營房屋卻能夠比較快提供到房屋。
Airport Link M7 bridge and tunnel walk before opening to traffic at the end of July 2012. Bowen Hills, Brisbane.
Old Elbe Tunnel or St. Pauli Elbe Tunnel opened in 1911. It is a pedestrian and vehicle tunnel in Hamburg, Germany. The 426 m long tunnel was a technical sensation; 24 m beneath the surface, two tubes with 6 m (20 ft) diameter connect central Hamburg with the docks and shipyards on the south side of the river Elbe. This meant a big improvement for tens of thousands of workers in one of the busiest harbours in the world.
Four huge lifts on either side of the tunnel carried pedestrians, carriages and motor vehicles to the bottom. They are still in operation, though due to the limited capacity by today's standards, other bridges and tunnels have been built and taken over most of the traffic.
In 2008 approx 300.000 cars, 63.000 bicycles and 700.000 pedestrians used the tunnel. The tunnel is opened 24 hours for pedestrians and bicycles. For motorized vehicles opening times are currently Monday to Friday from 5.20 AM to 8.00 PM, on Saturdays from 5.20 AM to 4.00 PM.
The Rooster Bridge
Side A:
In 1919 a rooster sale organized by Frank Derby raised money to begin construction of a bridge over the Tombigbee River at Moscow Ferry. This was the last link in the completion of the Dixie Overland Highway between Savannah and San Diego.
The idea was “to bridge the ‘Bigbee with cocks”: Roosters would be solicited from world-famous persons and an auction and barbeque held in the city of Demopolis for the benefit of the bridge.
Congressmen “Buck” Oliver, Admiral William S. Benson, and Secretary of Navy Josephus Daniels helped sell President Wilson on the idea. He and the others of the Big Four, Lloyd George, Clemenceau, and Orlando, who were meeting at the Versailles Conference, shipped roosters on the USS Northern Pacific. Governor Kilby sent 27 prominent Alabamians to the White House to receive the roosters from President Wilson.
Side B:
By August 14, 1919, 600 roosters (and one hen from Helen Keller) had arrived in Demopolis. President Wilson’s rooster auctioned for $44,000. Over $200,000 was pledged, but most was not collected. The names of 88 donors appear on markers at the original site one mile downstream.
With the addition of state and federal funds the bridge was constructed and opened in 1925 as Memorial Bridge. Always known locally as Rooster Bridge, the name was officially changed in 1959 when a bill sponsored by Sen. E. O. Eddins passed the State Legislature. In July, 1971, a bill sponsored by State Representatives I. D. Pruitt and R. S. Manley was approved, which decreed that all future bridges over the Tombigbee at Moscow would be named Rooster Bridge and bear plaques relating the unique plan devised by Frank Derby in building the first bridge.
Erected By The Alabama Historical Commission and Alabama Highway Department
U.S. Highway 80 Eastbound, Rooster Bridge over the Tombigbee River in Sumpter County, Alabama. November 12, 2010. (TC)
www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=38074&Result=1
historicmarkers.com/home/1340-sumter/88227-the-rooster-br...
The Australian military forces built some of the railway system in Lebanon in 1942, they left these markings on most of the bridges and tunnels on the Beirut Tripolis route.
On 14th Oct 2018, 10000 Hong Kong protesters hold a rally from Causeway Bay to the Central Office, to protest the government 's plan to spend probably 1 trillion Hong Kong dollars to build artificial islands and accompanying bridges and tunnels in the East of Lantau Island.
The former "East Lantau Metropolis project" proposed to reclaim 1000 hectares , has been replaced this week by an even more ambitious project of "Lantau Tomorrow Vision " of reclaiming 1700 hectares to house 1.1million people by the Chief Executive Carrie Lam, preempting the awaited public consultation report by the Task Force on Land Supply.
The protestors worried the project has not considered the risks under extreme weather, will irreversibly damage the environment, burn up the whole fiscal reserve, and deprive the public of the funding for other more important fields like medical , education, and retirement scheme.
Moreover the project , requiring 2 to 3 decades to complete , cannot cater for the immediate housing needs of the general public, as compared to other source of land supply such as the Fanling Golf Course , brownfield sites and buy back farmland from private estate developers for public housing.
大约一萬名市民於十月十四日參與由銅鑼灣至政總的遊行 ,抗議政府計劃用一萬億元填海及興建東大嶼人工島方案。
示威者認為政府的明日大嶼計劃填海1700公頃及其他的橋樑或隧道, 將會對環境造成不可挽回的影響, 亦未有考慮到人工島能否應付極端的天氣, 財政上會用盡香港的儲備, 亦令到沒有足夠財政資源用於醫療、教育及全民退休保障等。
示威者亦不滿政府亦未有等待土地供應小組的咨詢結果便公佈填海作為主要選項。但填海需時20至30年才提供到1.1百萬人的住宅, 相反其他土地供應選項如收回粉嶺哥爾夫球場、粽地、及用官地收回條例收回地產發展商的農地作公營房屋卻能夠比較快提供到房屋。
Old Elbe Tunnel or St. Pauli Elbe Tunnel (Alter Elbtunnel colloquially or St. Pauli Elbtunnel officially) which opened in 1911, is a pedestrian and vehicle tunnel in Hamburg, Germany. The 426 m long tunnel was a technical sensation; 24 m beneath the surface, two 6 m diameter tubes connect central Hamburg with the docks and shipyards on the south side of the river Elbe. This was a big improvement for tens of thousands of workers in one of the busiest harbors in the world.
Four large lifts on either side of the tunnel carry pedestrians and vehicles to the bottom. The two tunnels are both still in operation, though due to their limited capacity by today's standards, other bridges and tunnels have been built and taken over most of the traffic.
In 2008 approximately 300,000 cars, 63,000 bicycles, and 700,000 pedestrians used the tunnel. The tunnel is opened 24 hours for pedestrians and bicycles. For motorized vehicles, opening times are currently Monday to Friday from 5:20 AM to 8:00 PM and on Saturdays from 5:20 AM to 4:00 PM. Source: en.wikipedia.org
80-G-437274. "Carlson's Canyon" Bridge Attacks, March-April 1951. Photograph "Carlson's Canyon # 13", showing the bypass route established by the enemy following the destruction of the railway bridge in left center. The bypass, represented by dotted lines, was necessary to avoid the bridge and tunnels, which could be easily closed by air strikes. Though it included several small bridges, the bypass was not so easily knocked out and was more readily repaired. Task Force 77 carrier planes were therefore diverted southward in search of another vital "choke point". Text below the image provides additional information. The "Carlson's Canyon" bridge was located on the rail line south of Kilchu, in northeastern Korea. Official U.S. Navy Photograph, now in the collections of the National Archives.
Date: 22.03.2011
Location: Amsterdam Noord, Mosveld
Wall: 650 m2 of the complete bridge and tunnel walls
All artists of the Urban Art Exchange SH(OUT)!!! painted together the complete bridge and tunnel walls at the Mosplein in Amsterdam Noord. A common color scheme for the styels and the background was chosen by the organisation crew. During a preparation meeting the wall space was divided amon the artists in order to get a good composition of stylewriters and characters.
URBAN ART MURALISM - ARTIST EXCHANGE in AMSTERDAM
A group of 36 Urban Artists coming from six European countries – Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Italy, France and Austria – took part in the European Art Exchange Project “SH(OUT)!!!” from 18.03.11 to 27.03.11 in Amsterdam.
The main activities included several mural paintings in the city of Amsterdam, an exhibition in the Dokhuis Gallery as well as a common art workshop with local young people.
Nowadays Urban Art has worldwide acceptance as a young art form. Urban Artists form and transform public spaces and present their work, free of charge, throughout the cities. The event gives respect and pays tribute to art from the streets and makes this art form more accessible to a broader audience through various live painting activities in the city, two innovative group exhibitions and workshops.
Visit our website: www.urban-art-muralism.com/
Check our Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/urbanartattack
The Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel / Heading East / Rest Stop / Sea Gull Island Observation Area / Bridge Gap Tunnel / Large Shipping Channel Pass / Oil Tankers Taking Turns through Pass
On 14th Oct 2018, 10000 Hong Kong protesters hold a rally from Causeway Bay to the Central Office, to protest the government 's plan to spend probably 1 trillion Hong Kong dollars to build artificial islands and accompanying bridges and tunnels in the East of Lantau Island.
The former "East Lantau Metropolis project" proposed to reclaim 1000 hectares , has been replaced this week by an even more ambitious project of "Lantau Tomorrow Vision " of reclaiming 1700 hectares to house 1.1million people by the Chief Executive Carrie Lam, preempting the awaited public consultation report by the Task Force on Land Supply.
The protestors worried the project has not considered the risks under extreme weather, will irreversibly damage the environment, burn up the whole fiscal reserve, and deprive the public of the funding for other more important fields like medical , education, and retirement scheme.
Moreover the project , requiring 2 to 3 decades to complete , cannot cater for the immediate housing needs of the general public, as compared to other source of land supply such as the Fanling Golf Course , brownfield sites and buy back farmland from private estate developers for public housing.
大约一萬名市民於十月十四日參與由銅鑼灣至政總的遊行 ,抗議政府計劃用一萬億元填海及興建東大嶼人工島方案。
示威者認為政府的明日大嶼計劃填海1700公頃及其他的橋樑或隧道, 將會對環境造成不可挽回的影響, 亦未有考慮到人工島能否應付極端的天氣, 財政上會用盡香港的儲備, 亦令到沒有足夠財政資源用於醫療、教育及全民退休保障等。
示威者亦不滿政府亦未有等待土地供應小組的咨詢結果便公佈填海作為主要選項。但填海需時20至30年才提供到1.1百萬人的住宅, 相反其他土地供應選項如收回粉嶺哥爾夫球場、粽地、及用官地收回條例收回地產發展商的農地作公營房屋卻能夠比較快提供到房屋。
Date: 22.03.2011
Location: Amsterdam Noord, Mosveld
Wall: 650 m2 of the complete bridge and tunnel walls
All artists of the Urban Art Exchange SH(OUT)!!! painted together the complete bridge and tunnel walls at the Mosplein in Amsterdam Noord. A common color scheme for the styels and the background was chosen by the organisation crew. During a preparation meeting the wall space was divided amon the artists in order to get a good composition of stylewriters and characters.
URBAN ART MURALISM - ARTIST EXCHANGE in AMSTERDAM
A group of 36 Urban Artists coming from six European countries – Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Italy, France and Austria – took part in the European Art Exchange Project “SH(OUT)!!!” from 18.03.11 to 27.03.11 in Amsterdam.
The main activities included several mural paintings in the city of Amsterdam, an exhibition in the Dokhuis Gallery as well as a common art workshop with local young people.
Nowadays Urban Art has worldwide acceptance as a young art form. Urban Artists form and transform public spaces and present their work, free of charge, throughout the cities. The event gives respect and pays tribute to art from the streets and makes this art form more accessible to a broader audience through various live painting activities in the city, two innovative group exhibitions and workshops.
Visit our website: www.urban-art-muralism.com/
Check our Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/urbanartattack
Harpers Ferry is a scenic historic town in Jefferson County, West Virginia situated at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers. Print size 8x10 inches.
(View Large Please) The new bike path bridge over the Monongahela river near McKeesport Pa, USA. This railroad bridge used to transport products between US Steel Mon Valley plants, but has been unused for decades. USX donated it to the the Allgheny Trail Alliance, a group which has built a bicycle trail on abandoned railbeds through the mountains from Washington DC to Pittsburgh PA, a distance of approx 300 miles. The trail has many rehabilitated bridges and tunnels along it's length, and this one is a near-final piece of an uninterrupted trail....
check it out:
flickr group:
The Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority built the East Side Airlines Terminal in 1953. It occupied the block between 37th and 38th Streets and 1st and 2nd Avenues. The terminal operated as an easily accessible location for travelers, who were bused to New York airports after buying their tickets and checking their luggage. It closed in 1984.
Photograph by O. Winston Link
The line was built in 1867 by local mill owners[citation needed], but operated by the Midland Railway, which owned most of the rail network in the area, and was eventually bought by the Midland in part due to interest from the rival railway company at Keighley, the Great Northern. The Mill owners made a profit, which was abnormal for most lines of that type, as (for strategic reasons) the Midland wanted to prevent the GN from taking over its territory. After falling to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923 during the Grouping Act, ownership passed to British Railways following nationalisation in 1948. As a part of the rail cutbacks in the 1960s, British Railways closed the line at the end of 1962.
However a preservation society was formed which bought the line from BR and reopened it in 1968 as a heritage railway. The line is now a major tourist attraction operated entirely by volunteers and carries more than 110,000 passengers every year[citation needed]. The KWVR is currently the only preserved railway that operates a complete branch line in its original form. It is celebrated among beer lovers for operating the only buffet car serving real ale.
The line and its bridges and tunnels including a deviation were built as single track but with provision for duplication, should the need arise. The deviation was built as a condition of the buy out of the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway by the Midland Railway. The need for the deviation was to avoid a large wooden trestle viaduct that crossed a mill pond, as the locals believed the viaduct was unsafe, and supposedly many alighted at Oakworth and continued on foot to Haworth to avoid crossing the viaduct. The original design for the deviation was to skirt the mill pond then through a cutting to rejoin the original formation. However during construction the material in the cutting proved to be unstable, resulting in the construction of the short Mytholmes Tunnel. The original trestle viaduct can be seen in a picture hanging above the fire in the booking hall of Oakworth station.
On 10 July 2008, the Duke of Kent visited the railway following the 40th anniversary of its reopening.[3][4][5] While at the railway, the Duke travelled on a specially prepared "Royal Train", consisting of tank locomotive 41241, an LMS Class 2MT, pulling a single carriage, The Old Gentleman's Saloon, as featured in The Railway Children, which is a former North Eastern Railway directors Saloon. While visiting, the Duke travelled in the carriage and on the locomotive footplate.
Sydney Gardens, Bath.
Kennet & Avon Canal.
The Kennet & Avon Canal is made up of two lengths of navigable river linked by a canal. The name is used to refer to the entire length of the navigation rather than solely to the central canal section. From Bristol to Bath the waterway follows the natural course of the River Avon before the canal links it to the River Kennet at Newbury, and from there to Reading on the River Thames. In all, the waterway incorporates 105 locks.
Sydney Gardens were laid out as commercial pleasure grounds between 1792 and 1794; the initial design was by the architect Thomas Baldwin, who, after he went bankrupt, was replaced by Charles Harcourt Masters in 1794. They were opened on 11 May 1795 as Sydney Gardens Vauxhall, and rapidly became a popular place of entertainment, hosting public breakfasts, promenades and galas. The main building was the Sydney Tavern, which stood at the western end of the central walk, and housed tea and card rooms, a ballroom, coffee room and a public house. In 1799, a section of the Kennet & Avon Canal was cut through the gardens, with the addition of decorative bridges and tunnels, which added to the picturesque appeal of the pleasure grounds; these were insisted upon by the proprietors of Sydney Gardens as part of their agreement with the canal company, which was entered into in 1795. The canal company paid £2,100 and the cost of providing the bridges and tunnels as compensation for the intrusion into the gardens. During the early C19, additional features and structures were introduced, adding variety and surprise in accordance with landscape design principles of the period. From c1839, a section of the Great Western Railway was constructed, cutting through the gardens. Later in the C19, further ornamental structures were introduced, but these were largely cleared away after World War Two. In 1891, when the original 99-year lease of the Gardens expired, the entire site, including the Tavern, by then in use as a college, was sold, with the intention of replacing the former Tavern with a large hotel, and remodelling the grounds. The plan was abandoned and in 1908, the site was purchased by Bath City Council; the gardens were opened to the public as a municipal park in 1913, while the Tavern was remodelled by Sir Reginald Blomfield into the Holburne of Menstrie Museum. The gardens remain in use as a public park.
Pittsburgh has been called the Steel City and the City of Bridges. The steel industry was a major industry in Pittsburgh due to the vast deposits of coal in Western Pennsylvania and vicinity. This is a scene of a coal Barge being pushed up the by a towboat named Georgetown up the Monongahela River. This barge has just made the a trip from the Ohio River and under the Fort Pitt Bridge to arrive in Pittsburgh which no doubt is not its final destination. The maze of highways visible behind the barge are carrying traffic from the Fort Pitt Bridge and Tunnel into the city as is the bridge in the distance which is called the Duquesne Bridge. This north side of this bridge is adjacent to both Heinz Field the home to Pittsburgh Steelers football and PNC Park which is the playing field of the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team.
The Chesapeake Bay Bridge and Tunnel / Heading East / Rest Stop / Sea Gull Island Observation Area / Bridge Gap Tunnel / Large Shipping Channel Pass / Oil Tanker
Bridge and Tunnel @ The Windmill, London.
www.myspace.com/bridgeandtunnelmusic
Please do not use without permission!
About 140 of the 250 bands to be confirmed to play Fest 7:
A Whiskey a Dance a Fight and a Kiss Goodnight
A Wilhelm Scream
Able Baker Fox
Algernon Cadwallader
American Cheeseburger
Ampere
Anchor Arms
Anchor Down
Andrew Jackson Jihad
Ann Beretta (LAST SHOW EVER)
Antlers
Armalite
Assholeparade
Atom And His Package
Austin & Bob Lucas
Bang Bang
Banner Pilot
Benard
Black Cobra
Bomb The Music Industry
Brainworms
Bridge and Tunnel
Broadway Calls
Building The State
Capsule
Cassette
Cheap Girls
Cheeky
Chillerton
Chinese Telephones
Chris Wollard & The Ship Thieves
Circle Takes The Square
City Of Ships
Cloak/Dagger
Coalesce
Cobra Skulls
Comadre
Dead to Me
Deep Sleep
Delay
Dillinger Four
Dirty Money
Drag The River
Dynamite Arrows
Eric Ayotte
Fake Problems
Fin Fang Foom
Fiya
FC Five
Forensics
Former Cell Mates
Four Star Alarm
Gatorface
Ghost Buffalo
Ghost Mice
Good Luck
Government Warning
Grabass Charlestons
Hidden Spots
Hour of the Wolf
In The Red
Iron Chic
Japanther
Jena Berlin
Jonesin'
Josh Small
La Salle
Landmines
Leatherface
Lemuria
Less Than Jake
Look Mexico
Madeline
Maruta
Matty Pop Chart
Methadones
M.O.D.
Mose Giganticus
Mouthbreather
Municipal Waste
New Bruises
New Mexican Disaster Squad
Ninja Gun
No Trigger
None More Black
North Lincoln
Nothington
O Pioneers!
Off With Their Heads
OK Pilot
One Win Choice
Paint It Black
Paul Baribeau
Pink Razors
Polar Bear Club
Pretty Boy Thorson
Radon
Rager
Rehasher
Ringers
Ruiner
Saw Wheel
Scouts Honor
Shang-A-Lang
Shellshag
Shook Ones
Shot Baker
Sinaloa
Sista Sekundun
Slingshot Dakota
Star Fucking Hipsters
Static Radio
Stressface
Strike Anywhere
Suicide Note
The Arrivals
The Bouncing Souls
The Brokedowns
The Copyrights
The Emotron
The Ergs!
The Falcon
The Flatliners
The Hidden Spots
The Holy Mountain
The Lawrence Arms
The Mae Shi
The Measure (SA)
The Menzingers
The Methadones
The Ones to Blame
The Riot Before
The Serious Geniuses
The Sidekicks
The Swellers
The Takers
The Tim Version
The Two Funerals
The Underground Railroad To Candyland
The Wading Girl
This Bike Is A Pipebomb
Thunderlip
Tiltwheel
Triclops!
Tubers
Toys That Kill
Two Cow Garage
Used Kids
Vena Cava
Virgins
Vultures United
Whiskey & Co.
Worn In Red
X.O.X.O.
You, Me, and The Atom Bomb
Young Hearts
Young Livers
Young Widows
This photo was taken outside Grand Central Station when the FDNY had been called to handle a job inside the station.
It was taken from street level using a wide angle lens to add drama to the photo.
The New York City Fire Department, formally the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), has the responsibility of protecting the citizens and property of New York City's five boroughs from fires and fire hazards, providing emergency medical services, technical rescue as well as providing primary response to biological, chemical and radioactive hazards. The department has its headquarters in 9 MetroTech Center, Downtown Brooklyn, and its training academy (The FDNY Fire Academy) on Randall's Island.
The FDNY, the largest municipal fire department in the United States, and the second largest in the world after the Tokyo Fire Department, has approximately 11,080 uniformed officers and firefighters and over 3,300 uniformed emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics. It faces extraordinarily varied firefighting challenges in many ways unique to New York. In addition to responding to building types that range from wood-frame single family homes to high-rise structures, there are many secluded bridges and tunnels, as well as large parks and wooded areas that can give rise to major bush fires. New York is also home to one of the largest subway systems in the world, consisting of hundreds of miles of tunnel with electrified track. The multifaceted challenges they face add yet another level of firefighting complexity and have led to the FDNY's motto, 'New York’s Bravest'.
The line was built in 1867 by local mill owners[citation needed], but operated by the Midland Railway, which owned most of the rail network in the area, and was eventually bought by the Midland in part due to interest from the rival railway company at Keighley, the Great Northern. The Mill owners made a profit, which was abnormal for most lines of that type, as (for strategic reasons) the Midland wanted to prevent the GN from taking over its territory. After falling to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923 during the Grouping Act, ownership passed to British Railways following nationalisation in 1948. As a part of the rail cutbacks in the 1960s, British Railways closed the line at the end of 1962.
However a preservation society was formed which bought the line from BR and reopened it in 1968 as a heritage railway. The line is now a major tourist attraction operated entirely by volunteers and carries more than 110,000 passengers every year[citation needed]. The KWVR is currently the only preserved railway that operates a complete branch line in its original form. It is celebrated among beer lovers for operating the only buffet car serving real ale.
The line and its bridges and tunnels including a deviation were built as single track but with provision for duplication, should the need arise. The deviation was built as a condition of the buy out of the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway by the Midland Railway. The need for the deviation was to avoid a large wooden trestle viaduct that crossed a mill pond, as the locals believed the viaduct was unsafe, and supposedly many alighted at Oakworth and continued on foot to Haworth to avoid crossing the viaduct. The original design for the deviation was to skirt the mill pond then through a cutting to rejoin the original formation. However during construction the material in the cutting proved to be unstable, resulting in the construction of the short Mytholmes Tunnel. The original trestle viaduct can be seen in a picture hanging above the fire in the booking hall of Oakworth station.
On 10 July 2008, the Duke of Kent visited the railway following the 40th anniversary of its reopening.[3][4][5] While at the railway, the Duke travelled on a specially prepared "Royal Train", consisting of tank locomotive 41241, an LMS Class 2MT, pulling a single carriage, The Old Gentleman's Saloon, as featured in The Railway Children, which is a former North Eastern Railway directors Saloon. While visiting, the Duke travelled in the carriage and on the locomotive footplate.
Copyright - All Rights Reserved - Black Diamond Images
I asked Grok - Where would you rate Susten Pass on a scale of 1-10 comparing all the most scenic mountain passes in Europe, and why.
Based on the information from various sources and the consensus among driving enthusiasts, travel bloggers, and reviewers:
Rating: 9 out of 10
Reasons for the Rating:
Scenic Beauty: Susten Pass is often highlighted for its breathtaking views. It features 30 miles of road with 26 bridges and tunnels, each offering unique vistas of the Swiss Alps. The road passes through diverse landscapes, from lush forests to high alpine meadows and alongside the Stein Glacier, providing a spectacle of natural beauty that's hard to match.
Driving Experience: It's celebrated for its driving dynamics with hairpin turns, sharp bends, and varying gradients, making it a favorite among motorcycle riders, car enthusiasts, and cyclists. The pass is part of the "Big Three" passes in Switzerland, alongside Grimsel and Furka, with many arguing that Susten offers the most enjoyable drive due to its variety and scenic pull-offs.
Historical Significance: With roots tracing back to a 17th-century mule-train trading route, the pass has both historical depth and modern engineering marvels, enhancing its allure.
Accessibility and Seasonality: While the pass is only open from June to October, this limitation adds to its exclusivity and the unique experience of driving through snow-cleared paths in early summer or witnessing the dramatic autumn changes.
Comparative Analysis: When compared to other famous European passes:
Stelvio Pass in Italy often gets a nod for its numerous hairpin turns, but Susten Pass offers more varied scenery.
Grossglockner High Alpine Road in Austria is another scenic marvel, but Susten's combination of natural beauty, road design, and historical context is frequently noted as superior or at least on par.
Col de la Bonnette in France, while high and scenic, doesn't match Susten's diversity in landscape and driving experience.
Community and Expert Opinion: Numerous reviews from platforms like TripAdvisor and specialized driving blogs praise Susten for its visual and driving pleasures. It's often listed among the top drives in Europe, sometimes even as the best, depending on who you ask.
The slight deduction from a perfect 10 could be attributed to its seasonal accessibility and perhaps the fact that it might not have the sheer fame of some other passes like Stelvio, which can influence perception due to media exposure. Nonetheless, Susten Pass stands out for its combination of scenic beauty, driving experience, and a sense of adventure that appeals to a wide range of travelers
On 14th Oct 2018, 10000 Hong Kong protesters hold a rally from Causeway Bay to the Central Office, to protest the government 's plan to spend probably 1 trillion Hong Kong dollars to build artificial islands and accompanying bridges and tunnels in the East of Lantau Island.
The former "East Lantau Metropolis project" proposed to reclaim 1000 hectares , has been replaced this week by an even more ambitious project of "Lantau Tomorrow Vision " of reclaiming 1700 hectares to house 1.1million people by the Chief Executive Carrie Lam, preempting the awaited public consultation report by the Task Force on Land Supply.
The protestors worried the project has not considered the risks under extreme weather, will irreversibly damage the environment, burn up the whole fiscal reserve, and deprive the public of the funding for other more important fields like medical , education, and retirement scheme.
Moreover the project , requiring 2 to 3 decades to complete , cannot cater for the immediate housing needs of the general public, as compared to other source of land supply such as the Fanling Golf Course , brownfield sites and buy back farmland from private estate developers for public housing.
大约一萬名市民於十月十四日參與由銅鑼灣至政總的遊行 ,抗議政府計劃用一萬億元填海及興建東大嶼人工島方案。
示威者認為政府的明日大嶼計劃填海1700公頃及其他的橋樑或隧道, 將會對環境造成不可挽回的影響, 亦未有考慮到人工島能否應付極端的天氣, 財政上會用盡香港的儲備, 亦令到沒有足夠財政資源用於醫療、教育及全民退休保障等。
示威者亦不滿政府亦未有等待土地供應小組的咨詢結果便公佈填海作為主要選項。但填海需時20至30年才提供到1.1百萬人的住宅, 相反其他土地供應選項如收回粉嶺哥爾夫球場、粽地、及用官地收回條例收回地產發展商的農地作公營房屋卻能夠比較快提供到房屋。
From Sideling Hill looking west as the last light of day glows behind the Green Ridge and Town Hill ridges in Maryland. The Potomac River makes a sweeping curve known as "Magnolia Bend." The bend is part of a string of such known as the "Paw Paw Bends" and is a hub of transportation history. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad originally ran its entire length a distance of about five miles. That was later reduced when the Magnolia Cutoff was built cutting across the bend through a ridge seen in the middle of the bend by a 3,000 ft tunnel. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was built on the opposite shore but delayed due to the building of Paw Paw Tunnel cut into the ridge just out of sight to the left. The Western Maryland Railway, the last to make its stamp on the region traverses the valley with a series of bridges and tunnels.
Mierystock Bridge and Tunnel were on the Severn and Wye Railway's line from Serridge Junction to Lydbrook
Having opened in 1875, this line was closed to passengers on 8th July 1929 and to goods in 1951.
This view, looking north, dates from 27th July 1966, not long after the track been removed.
On 14th Oct 2018, 10000 Hong Kong protesters hold a rally from Causeway Bay to the Central Office, to protest the government 's plan to spend probably 1 trillion Hong Kong dollars to build artificial islands and accompanying bridges and tunnels in the East of Lantau Island.
The former "East Lantau Metropolis project" proposed to reclaim 1000 hectares , has been replaced this week by an even more ambitious project of "Lantau Tomorrow Vision " of reclaiming 1700 hectares to house 1.1million people by the Chief Executive Carrie Lam, preempting the awaited public consultation report by the Task Force on Land Supply.
The protestors worried the project has not considered the risks under extreme weather, will irreversibly damage the environment, burn up the whole fiscal reserve, and deprive the public of the funding for other more important fields like medical , education, and retirement scheme.
Moreover the project , requiring 2 to 3 decades to complete , cannot cater for the immediate housing needs of the general public, as compared to other source of land supply such as the Fanling Golf Course , brownfield sites and buy back farmland from private estate developers for public housing.
大约一萬名市民於十月十四日參與由銅鑼灣至政總的遊行 ,抗議政府計劃用一萬億元填海及興建東大嶼人工島方案。
示威者認為政府的明日大嶼計劃填海1700公頃及其他的橋樑或隧道, 將會對環境造成不可挽回的影響, 亦未有考慮到人工島能否應付極端的天氣, 財政上會用盡香港的儲備, 亦令到沒有足夠財政資源用於醫療、教育及全民退休保障等。
示威者亦不滿政府亦未有等待土地供應小組的咨詢結果便公佈填海作為主要選項。但填海需時20至30年才提供到1.1百萬人的住宅, 相反其他土地供應選項如收回粉嶺哥爾夫球場、粽地、及用官地收回條例收回地產發展商的農地作公營房屋卻能夠比較快提供到房屋。
Parent falcon on bridge. One baby boy and three baby girl peregrine falcons are banded atop the Marine Parkway Bridge. Photo: Metropolitan Transportation Authority / Patrick Cashin
Horton-in-Ribblesdale station on the Leeds to Settle to Carlisle railway line. I'm a huge fan of this railway line as most of the stations drop you in the heart of remote and beautiful countryside of the Yorkshire Dales, with Horton-in-Ribblesdale in particular being the normal start and end of the Yorkshire Three Peaks Walk linking the three mountains of Whernside, Ingleborough and Pen Y Ghent.
This line makes it easily possible to visit the Yorkshire Dales in a weekend from "down south" (a journey I'd not consider doing for a weekend by car due to the distance) and it can be very good value too (I paid less than £32 return from London with tickets booked in advance).
This railway line was built by the Midland Railway, a company which did not do things by half (as you'll know if you've ever seen St Pancras station). Built to mainline standards to provide a route for the company to Scotland the line was pushed right through the Yorkshire Dales, with numerous bridges and tunnels to ensure high speeds could be achieved. The building of the line claimed many lives.
The line is also a great survivor. The Beeching report recommened the withdrawl of all passenger services from the line and to that end all but two of the stations (Settle and Appleby) were closed in 1970 with the service reduced to just two passenger trains a day. The line struggled on until 1984 when British Rail posted closure notices on the remaining stations citing the small amount of traffic on the line and the high cost of maintenance. A huge campaign by locals convinced the Government to save the line. Horton in Ribblesdale station re-opened to the public in 1986, 16 years after it closed and has been beautifully restored.
Increasing demand and congestion on the West Coast mainline means the route is now well used by Freight trains whilst passenger services now run once every two hours in each direction.
When I was a kid my fave historical figure was [Isambard Kingdom Brunel](en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel) ............ odd but true......
He was the engineer who in many ways began the modern era of transport systems we would recognize to day........... he designed the engines and track for the great Western Railway ..... he built bridges and tunnels....... I loved that [photo of him in front of the huge chains](www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2011/ju...) for the anchor of one of his giant ships .........
As a small child I was taken to see the recently salvaged hulk of the SS Gt Britain ........ it had just been dragged out of the mud of the Falklands where it had been scuttled...... finally it was receiving recognition as an important relic ..... the first passenger liner of the modern age ....... a huge metal ship with a propeller........... nothing had ever existed like it before when it was launched in 1843 ....... it went on to sail round the world and complete over a million sea miles...... it was the transitional vessel from the age of old wooden ships....... this ship was the important precursor to modern liners and freight vessels of today...... I saw it again today after years and years of work it is restored to something very close to its former glory worth a visit if you are in Bristol :-))
I also went up to the [Clifton suspension Bridge](www.cliftonbridge.org.uk/) ....... another amazing bit of engineering designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel ........ he did amazing things to match his amazing name..........
Cheers Jez XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
I wish there was a way to force each of these SUVs coming out of the Holland Tunnel onto the streets of New York City to buy gasoline in Manhattan. After sitting in traffic spewing out their CO2 emissions in our city, clogging the streets of Manhattan and making it unsafe for native noo yawkas like me to jaywalk... asking for financial compensation is justifiable.
The Throgs Neck Bridge is owned by the City of New York and operated by the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, an affiliate agency of the MTA.
On 14th Oct 2018, 10000 Hong Kong protesters hold a rally from Causeway Bay to the Central Office, to protest the government 's plan to spend probably 1 trillion Hong Kong dollars to build artificial islands and accompanying bridges and tunnels in the East of Lantau Island.
The former "East Lantau Metropolis project" proposed to reclaim 1000 hectares , has been replaced this week by an even more ambitious project of "Lantau Tomorrow Vision " of reclaiming 1700 hectares to house 1.1million people by the Chief Executive Carrie Lam, preempting the awaited public consultation report by the Task Force on Land Supply.
The protestors worried the project has not considered the risks under extreme weather, will irreversibly damage the environment, burn up the whole fiscal reserve, and deprive the public of the funding for other more important fields like medical , education, and retirement scheme.
Moreover the project , requiring 2 to 3 decades to complete , cannot cater for the immediate housing needs of the general public, as compared to other source of land supply such as the Fanling Golf Course , brownfield sites and buy back farmland from private estate developers for public housing.
大约一萬名市民於十月十四日參與由銅鑼灣至政總的遊行 ,抗議政府計劃用一萬億元填海及興建東大嶼人工島方案。
示威者認為政府的明日大嶼計劃填海1700公頃及其他的橋樑或隧道, 將會對環境造成不可挽回的影響, 亦未有考慮到人工島能否應付極端的天氣, 財政上會用盡香港的儲備, 亦令到沒有足夠財政資源用於醫療、教育及全民退休保障等。
示威者亦不滿政府亦未有等待土地供應小組的咨詢結果便公佈填海作為主要選項。但填海需時20至30年才提供到1.1百萬人的住宅, 相反其他土地供應選項如收回粉嶺哥爾夫球場、粽地、及用官地收回條例收回地產發展商的農地作公營房屋卻能夠比較快提供到房屋。
Sydney Gardens, Bath.
Kennet & Avon Canal.
The Kennet & Avon Canal is made up of two lengths of navigable river linked by a canal. The name is used to refer to the entire length of the navigation rather than solely to the central canal section. From Bristol to Bath the waterway follows the natural course of the River Avon before the canal links it to the River Kennet at Newbury, and from there to Reading on the River Thames. In all, the waterway incorporates 105 locks.
Sydney Gardens were laid out as commercial pleasure grounds between 1792 and 1794; the initial design was by the architect Thomas Baldwin, who, after he went bankrupt, was replaced by Charles Harcourt Masters in 1794. They were opened on 11 May 1795 as Sydney Gardens Vauxhall, and rapidly became a popular place of entertainment, hosting public breakfasts, promenades and galas. The main building was the Sydney Tavern, which stood at the western end of the central walk, and housed tea and card rooms, a ballroom, coffee room and a public house. In 1799, a section of the Kennet & Avon Canal was cut through the gardens, with the addition of decorative bridges and tunnels, which added to the picturesque appeal of the pleasure grounds; these were insisted upon by the proprietors of Sydney Gardens as part of their agreement with the canal company, which was entered into in 1795. The canal company paid £2,100 and the cost of providing the bridges and tunnels as compensation for the intrusion into the gardens. During the early C19, additional features and structures were introduced, adding variety and surprise in accordance with landscape design principles of the period. From c1839, a section of the Great Western Railway was constructed, cutting through the gardens. Later in the C19, further ornamental structures were introduced, but these were largely cleared away after World War Two. In 1891, when the original 99-year lease of the Gardens expired, the entire site, including the Tavern, by then in use as a college, was sold, with the intention of replacing the former Tavern with a large hotel, and remodelling the grounds. The plan was abandoned and in 1908, the site was purchased by Bath City Council; the gardens were opened to the public as a municipal park in 1913, while the Tavern was remodelled by Sir Reginald Blomfield into the Holburne of Menstrie Museum. The gardens remain in use as a public park.