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The dome of Hagia Sophia has spurred particular interest for many art historians, architects, and engineers because of the innovative way the original architects envisioned it. The dome is carried on four spherical triangular pendentives, making the Hagia Sophia one of the first large-scale uses of this element. The pendentives are the corners of the square base of the dome, and they curve upwards into the dome to support it, thus restraining the lateral forces of the dome and allowing its weight to flow downwards. The main dome of the Hagia Sophia was the largest pendentive dome in the world until the completion of St Peter's Basilica, and it has a much lower height than any other dome of such a large diameter.
The great dome at the Hagia Sophia is 32.6 meters (one hundred and seven feet) in diameter and is only 0.61 meters (two feet) thick. The main building materials for the original Hagia Sophia were brick and mortar. Brick aggregate was used to make roofs easier to construct. The aggregate weighs 2402.77 kilograms per cubic meter, an average weight of masonry construction at the time. Due to the materials plasticity, it was chosen over cut stone due to the fact that aggregate can be used over a longer distance. According to Rowland Mainstone, "it is unlikely that the vaulting-shell is anywhere more than one normal brick in thickness".
The weight of the dome remained a problem for most of the building's existence. The original cupola collapsed entirely after the earthquake of 558; in 563 a new dome was built by Isidore the Younger, a nephew of Isidore of Miletus. Unlike the original, this included 40 ribs and was raised 6.1 meters, in order to lower the lateral forces on the church walls. A larger section of the second dome collapsed as well, over two episodes, so that as of 2021, only two sections of the present dome, the north and south sides, are from the 562 reconstructions. Of the whole dome's 40 ribs, the surviving north section contains eight ribs, while the south section includes six ribs.
Although this design stabilizes the dome and the surrounding walls and arches, the actual construction of the walls of Hagia Sophia weakened the overall structure. The bricklayers used more mortar than brick, which is more effective if the mortar was allowed to settle, as the building would have been more flexible; however, the builders did not allow the mortar to cure before they began the next layer. When the dome was erected, its weight caused the walls to lean outward because of the wet mortar underneath. When Isidore the Younger rebuilt the fallen cupola, he had first to build up the interior of the walls to make them vertical again. Additionally, the architect raised the height of the rebuilt dome by approximately 6 metres so that the lateral forces would not be as strong and its weight would be transmitted more effectively down into the walls. Moreover, he shaped the new cupola like a scalloped shell or the inside of an umbrella, with ribs that extend from the top down to the base. These ribs allow the weight of the dome to flow between the windows, down the pendentives, and ultimately to the foundation.
Hagia Sophia is famous for the light that reflects everywhere in the interior of the nave, giving the dome the appearance of hovering above. This effect was achieved by inserting forty windows around the base of the original structure. Moreover, the insertion of the windows in the dome structure reduced its weight.
"Madrid lo hicieron entre Carlos III, Sabatini y un albañil de Jaén, que era el que se lo curraba."
"Madrid was made by Charles the Third, Sabatini (an Italian Architect) and a bricklayer from Jaen (a Spanish province), that was who really did the work."
30939 Leatherhead between Hither Green and Grove Park heading the 09.15 Charing Cross - Dover taken from a moving train on an adjacent track on 22 May 1952. A colourised b/w print taken by C. R. L. Coles.
The electric Optare MetroDecker being trialed by New Cross. Usually found on the 36, but today on the 21.
Boy did I have a fun time trying to catch this. I was waiting for it on Borough High Street, only to discover it had been turned at Bricklayer's Arms. So I ran all the way down here (surprisingly didn't think to take a bus), and managed to catch it. It set off again with the blinds set to New Cross Gate.
view large here: 'Saleem' On Black
This is Saleem. He and his family are immigrants to Australia from Sudan. They came here to make a new life but life seems not to be the dream they hoped for here.
He wants to be a pro photographer or maybe a bricklayer and take some skills gained in Australia back to his homeland and try to make a new life there.
I met Saleem while photographing the streets of Melbourne in December 2006.
In this shot he posed for me on the hood of his car.
Yes, there is a story here if there ever was one. A man and his dreams. I related to Saleem in a way that men who dream know each other. I wish Saleem and his family all the best and hope he can realise his dreams.
Built by price Constantin Brancoveanu between 1690 and 1693 at Romanii de Jos, Horezu Monastery may not look as spectacular on the outside as the painted monasteries of Bukovina. But on the inside it displays one of the most elegant and mature Byzantine fresco on the Romanian territory, surpassing even its Moldavian predecessors. The martyr ruler Brancoveanu donated the land and the necessary sum of money but also some domains for further sustaining the monastic community. At the time it was built, Horezu was the largest monastery in the country.
The name Hurezi, turned into Horezu, comes from a popular name for owls from the neighboring forest. As the country was on constant alert on Ottoman invasions, the workers used to work a lot during the night to secretly finish the monastery, thus the comparison with the night birds. The place benefits from the calm offered by the near Head Mountain (Capatanii, 2130 m).
The artisans of this monastery were the stonemason Vucasin Caragea, the bricklayer Manea and sculptor Istrate for carpentry work.
The church of Hurezi Monastery is dedicated to Constantin and Helena, the Byzantine imperial family that was a model for the Romanian ruler. Following the example of the hospitals established by Basil the Great, ruler’s wife established here a hospital. The church, which is now on UNESCO world heritage list, was inspired by the monastery of Curtea de Arges.
Bolton Priory
Being a bricklayer I look at these historic structures in disbelief, no power tools just hand crafted stone & timber set & lifted into position with sweat, blood & determination, just amazing !
A bit out of my depth taking these shots, anyone can snap away away at street signs & drain pipes but this sort of work is where good photography skills take over, live & learn lesson for me.
Taken from a print in my collection, photographer not known.
LBSCR E2 class, built at Brighton entering service numbered 107 March 1916. SR B107, later 2107, after the 1923 amalgamation. Renumbered 32107 October 1949 and withdrawn February 1961.
I illustrated Peckham's vast majority of MHV moving to Sutton to take on the 93 which only really operated at Peckham for a couple of months. The DOEs mostly refurbs have been sent in return which see them primarily on the 63, although Peckham allocations see them also on the 36, 37, X68 and 363. They have bedded in very quickly with the Peckham team.
On US 20 in Lagrange County, Indiana. Also known as Huff Corners School. It was built in 1904 and closed in 1964. A Lagrange newspaper, The Democrat, reported the finishing of the construction in record time:
"NEW SCHOOL BUILDING
At Hoff's Corner in Bloomfield Town-
ship Nearing Completion
WILL BE USED FOR SCHOOL DEC 19
Contractor Shelly has erected a fine structure.
In Remarkable Time
Barring accidents and unforseen delays, the new school building at Hoff's Corners (Huff's) in Bloomfield Township will be thrown open for use by the schools there on Monday morning, december 19th., and it is expected to hold the township teacher's institute there on the Saturday previous. When this building was being talked of this summer and fall there were many who made the prediction that it could not be constructed in the time specified. Remarkable as it seems, the truth is that contractor Shelly will have in nine short weeks erected this building and turned it over to Trustee Andrew Decker.
The contract was let on October 4th to Samuel Shelly of Lagrange for $3500, not including the heating plant, tile drain and the well which represent an additional $500. On Oct 6, Mr. Shelly began to assemble the material and employ the men and on Oct. 12 the stonework of the foundation was begunwith six stonemasons at work. This was finished and the brickwork on the walls began on Oct. 20with six bricklayers at work. The walls were completed on Nov. 10 and the work of the roof and the interior finish began. Since the beginning of the work Contractor Shelly has had from 16 to 20 hands on the job.
The old school building which is now used as the rear room is 22x32, while the new part in front is 30 1/3x62 1/3. The new part is divided into two schoolrooms and a hallway. The rooms are 23x28 and the hallway 12 feet in width, extending through the building north and south. The building is plastered with wood pulp plaster and is well ventilated by natural draft. Heat is obtained by the furnace in the basement with registers in the two front rooms seven feet from the floor and in the rear room in the floor. The front rooms will be used by the high school and upper grade work and each seats forty pupils The rear is used for the primary and seats 45.
The basement, which extends under the entire new part, is divided into two rooms, 25x30, with a 12 foot hallway and a 9 foot ceiling. the east room of the basement will be used for a play room and contains the well, wash basins, etc. The west room contains the cold air shaft for the furnace and the closets which are arranged for dry earth system. The furnace and stairways are in the hall.
Trustee Andrew Decker of Bloomfield Township has given the work his personal attention and whatever the feelings of the citizens of the township are as to whether or not the building should have been built this fact is true that Mr. Decker has procured through Mr. Shelly an excellent building for the township for the money expended. Plans for the building were drawn by architect A. D. Mohler, of Huntington, Ind.
The patrons of the Plato school have petitioned to be transferred to the new school and this will be granted, so Mr. Decker informed a representative of THE DEMOCRAT. This will make a total of 15 in the high school, and 75 in the intermediate and primary."
You can see in the back there is another addition that makes it quite large for a country school.
As of 2021, this schoolhouse has been sold and is being restored. The new owners reported that they would like to restore the exterior as much as possible but that the interior has been significantly changed.
A shot uploaded purely for historical value.
In the early 1970s I joined the Dalescroft Railfans Club and took part in a number of their bus trips trawling the depots of various regions of the UK. Anyone who has done them will realise they were pretty intense and trying to cadge some sleep during overnight journeys or even between depots during daylight hours, could be a challenge.
One such trip took me to the London area where we visited the following depots / stabling points: Bricklayers Arms, New Cross, Hither Green, Tennison Road, Selhurst, Stewarts Lane, Old Oak Common, Willesden, Finsbury Park, Straford, and Ripple Lane.
By now, getting more of an interest in photography, I went armed for the first time with an Agfa Billy Zero folding camera purloined off my Dad, together with a single reel of 127 monochrome film which gave me the sum total of 8 exposures! Needless to say I couldn't let diesel hydraulics go to waste and bagged this one of D1015 "Western Champion" at Old Oak Common shed, where I'm pretty sure the Hymek behind is D7030.
It's hardly the best of images but I figured any Flickr folk who were members of the DRC might just have taken this trip, and might even be in the frame here. However, you should note it was taken 46 years ago!
Incidentally I still have the Dalescroft Railfans Club badge, and indeed the Ian Allan Locospotters Club badge.
3rd March 1973
A testament to the bricklayers that built this. The English Channel hurls tons of seawater and shingle at this every day, so it has done very well. It is protecting the Folkestone to Dover Railway line above.
Three Moments from This Morning – Morning Labors of Nature: From Puddle to Nest — In Mud, Wings, and Stillness -
Each morning brings surprises we cannot foresee — and as your fellow writer, I find joy in translating those surprises into words.
Among the many swallow species that migrate thousands of miles from Africa each year, the Red-rumped Swallowparticularly fascinates me. Their nest-building technique — using clay and mud before the breeding season — always reminds me of Irish bricklayers. Both male and female birds pick up small lumps of sand, including beach sand, shaping it with their beaks and moistening it to a cement-like consistency before flying swiftly back to the nest site. They are as industrious as bees.
This morning, after I washed the stone-paved area of our garden, a Red-rumped Swallow couple was drawn to the puddles. I watched as one of them — I believe the female — gently landed, gathered a small mud ball at the tip of her beak, and flew back to continue building the nest, only to return moments later. It reminded me once again: Wetlands are essential not only for drinking water but also for providing critical materials for nest construction, especially for migratory birds.
I am sure some of you on Flickr have witnessed similar behavior. I hope when you look closely at the first photo and see the tiny lump of mud at her beak, you’ll imagine the dedication behind this remarkable nest-building process.
In the second photo, you’ll see a Nuthatch in its typical posture, resting under the soft shade of fig leaves — still and alert.
Wishing you all a beautiful day, and I hope you enjoy these moments as much as I did while witnessing them.
Red-rumped Swallow in Turkey – A Brief Field Note
The Red-rumped Swallow (Cecropis daurica) is a summer visitor to Turkey, arriving in early spring from Africa and departing again by late August or September. A graceful and agile flyer, it is easily recognized by its reddish rump, creamy underparts, and elongated outer tail feathers.
Distribution in Turkey:
It breeds extensively along the Aegean, Mediterranean, and Southeastern Anatolian regions.
Common in coastal villages, lowland farmland, and lightly wooded areas.
The northern Aegean coast, especially places like Ayvalık, Altınoluk, and Kaz Mountains, serve both as migration corridors and breeding zones.
Scattered but less common sightings occur inland and in the Black Sea region.
Habitat Preferences:
They nest in semi-natural or human-influenced environments — cliffs, bridges, walls, or under eaves of quiet rural structures.
Frequently seen perched on fig, pine, and olive trees.
They build mud cup nests, often reused or added to each year.
Breeding & Behavior:
Breeding pairs arrive by late March to April.
Chicks usually hatch around late May or June, depending on conditions.
They feed on aerial insects, captured in flight — contributing to natural pest control.
Conservation Notes:
Urbanization and habitat loss — especially along the coast and migration stopovers — threaten traditional nesting grounds.
Fig trees and century-old olive groves serve not just as part of agricultural heritage, but as vital shelter and feeding perches for swallows and other migratory birds.
I've captured some unforgettable moments with my camera, and I hope you feel the same joy viewing these images as I did while shooting them.
Thank you so much for visiting my gallery, whether you leave a comment, add it to your favorites, or simply take a moment to look around. Your support means a lot to me, and I wish you good luck and beautiful light in all your endeavors.
© All rights belong to R.Ertuğ. Please refrain from using these images without my express written permission. If you are interested in purchasing or using them, feel free to contact me via Flickr mail.
Lens - With Nikon TC 14E II - hand held or Monopod and definitely SPORT VR on. Aperture is f8 and full length. All my images have been converted from RAW to JPEG.
I started using Nikon Cross-Body Strap or Monopod on long walks. Here is my Carbon Monopod details : Gitzo GM2542 Series 2 4S Carbon Monopod - Really Right Stuff MH-01 Monopod Head with Standard Lever - Really Right Stuff LCF-11 Replacement Foot for Nikon AF-S 500mm /5.6E PF Lense -
Your comments and criticism are very valuable.
Thanks for taking the time to stop by and explore :)
Taken from a print in my collection, no further details known.
SER Cudworth Standard Goods, built at Ashford entering service August 1864. Withdrawn May 1896.
EBD118 (LA25EVN) is pictured at Waterloo, The Old Vic as it heads to Bricklayers Arms, New Kent Road on a curtailed journey on route 188.
People in Africa are genuinly friendly - although sometimes when it comes to photographs there's often a dollar involved.
We passed this cool guy loading up his bike with bricks, when he saw us he broke into a cool disco inspired dance. He was really cool !!
I guess Brickies share the same sense of humour the world over.
Taken from \a print in my collection, no further details known.
SER Cudworth Standard Goods, built at Ashford entering service January 1876. Withdrawn September 1895
Painting of an awning support on the down platform is taking place as the Crompton rushes through on empty newspaper vans.
Unknown photographer.
Taken from a print in my collection, no further details known.
SECR J class, built at Ashford entering service November 1911. SR A611 September 1911. Renumbered A598 September 1927. Later renumbered 1598. Renumbered 31598 June 1949 and withdrawn December 1950.
Taken from a print in my collection, no further details known.
SECR N class, built at Ashford entering service January 1922. SR A817, later 1817, after the 1923 grouping. Renumber 31817 April 1949 and withdrawn Januay 1964.
Bricklayer construction workers, Norway ca. 1935. Film unknown, taken with an unknown 6x9 folding camera.
Kim Larsen: Vi er dem (1986)
Vi er dem, de andre ikke må lege med
Vi er det dårlige selskab
Vi har en svag karakter og en billig fantasi