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The society of the Hamar tribe of the Omo Valley (Ethiopia) consists in a complex system of age groups with complicated rituals to pass from one to the other; The bull-jumping is the final test before passing into adulthood and getting married;
Before the jump, the women of the jumperâs family are whipped to blood to prove their courage and accompany him during the test;
The whipper running the bull jumping is called maze; Mazes are single men who have already performed bull jumping; They are hired to whip the women during the ceremony and earn goats and money as a salary; Mazes survive on payments received for these ceremonies; They only feed themselves with milk, honey and meat; Once they get married, they get a dowry and some land if they are lucky; The Mazes take part to the eldersâ meeting before the ceremony;
The cow jumping or bull leaping consists in walking naked over bulls without falling; Once this is done, the boy becomes a man and is able to get married; Any boy who fails will be publicly humiliated, whipped by his female relatives and teased, insulted and beaten by both men and women for the rest of his life;
© Eric Lafforgue
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A batch of portraits made by my brother Denis De Iacovo.
We are in Covid Red Zone so they were shoot at home
A batch of portraits made by my brother Denis De Iacovo.
We are in Covid Red Zone so they were shoot at home
A batch of portraits made by my brother Denis De Iacovo.
We are in Covid Red Zone so they were shoot at home
Surma or Suri (as they call themselves) are sedentary pastoral people living in south west of Ethiopia, on the western bank of the Omo river. These breeders tribal groups have a cattle-centred culture. They breed their cattle, mostly cows, on their traditional lands, located in the Omo Valley. The economy of the Suri is based on breeding and agriculture. They grow cabbage, beans, yams, tobacco and coffee. Cows are tremendously important in Suri culture. They do not see cattle simply as a material asset but as a life-sustaining and meaningful companion. Suri even sing songs for them and make fires to warm them. These cows are not bred for their meat and are usually not killed unless they are needed for ceremonial purposes. The Surmas very rarely eat the meat of their cows, they actually breed them for their milk and their blood, which they both drink. Cows also have a social and symbolic meaning in Suri’s society. Suri men are judged on how much cattle they own. In desperate times, Suri men can risk their lives to steal cattle from other tribes.The average male in the Suri tribe owns from 30 to 40 cows. Every young male is named after their cattle, which they have to look after since the age of 8. Men are not allowed to marry until they own 60 cows. Cows are given to the bride’s family after the wedding ceremony.
This central role of the cow in their way of life accounts for the fierce independance they want to preserve and explains their warlike culture. Indeed, it’s quite common to see men and even women carrying weapons which are part of the daily life. Their remote homeland has always been a place of traditional rivalries with the neighbouring tribes such as the Bume (Nyangatom) or the Toposa. who regurlarly team up to raid the Suri’s cattle. These fights, and even sometimes battles, have become quite bloody since automatic firearms like AK-47 have become available from the parties in the Sudanese Civil War. This conflict has pushed neighboring tribes into Suri’s land and is a constant competition to keep and protect their territory and their cattle. Gun battles are more common during the dry season, because around that time the Suri move their cattle down south to find new ground.
The 40 to 1,000 inhabitants villages of the Surmas, are led by a ritual chief known as the Komoru, dressed in colourful robes and wearing a crown of baboon fur. Village life is largely communal, sharing the produce of the cattle (milk and blood). Decisions of the village are taken by the men in an assembly. These debates are led by the Komoru, who are merely the most respected elder in a village even if they can be removed.
Although their traditional remoteness and autarky is threathened, only few Surma are familiar with Amharic, the official language of Ethiopia, and their literacy level is very low.
© Eric Lafforgue
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