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Smith Rock State Park is an American state park located in central Oregon's High Desert near the communities of Redmond and Terrebonne. Its sheer cliffs of tuff and basalt are ideal for rock climbing of all difficulty levels. Smith Rock is generally considered the birthplace of modern American sport climbing, and is host to cutting-edge climbing routes. It is popular for sport climbing. The geology of Smith Rocks is volcanic. It is made up of layers of recent basalt flows overlaying older Clarno ash and tuff formations. Approximately 30 million years ago, a large caldera was formed when overlying rock collapsed into an underground lava chamber. This created a huge amount of rock and ash debris that filled the caldera. That material solidified into rock, becoming Smith Rock tuff. A half million years ago, basalt lava flows from nearby volcanoes covered the older tuff. More recently, the Crooked River cut its way through the layers of rock to create today's geographic features. Smith Rock itself is a 3,200-foot (980 m)-high ridge (above sea level) with a sheer cliff-face overlooking a bend in the Crooked River (elev. 2600 ft), making the cliffs about 600 feet high.
Reynisfjara, black sand beach, Iceland, 23rd February 2017.
Pentax Espio AF Zoom, with Kodak TMax 100 film.
Volcanic basalt columns on a black sand beach near Vic, Iceland. Difficult part was waiting to get a clear photo without selfie sticks in the frame...
Kalfshamarsviti (Iceland)
Puedes ver el vídeo resumen de mi viaje a Islandia 2018 AQUÍ
También puedes ver el vídeo resumen de mi viaje a Indonesia 2018 AQUÍ
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These falls were quite a walk to find. Worth every step though as it was on our way to these we came across this little fella.
Inside the citadel of Diyarbakır ((Iç Kale) there are many beautiful buildings, most of them built in black basalt.
In contrast with 'the white city' Mardin, built with in limestone, Diyarbakır is also called 'the dark city' as most houses are built with black basalt stones. Many thousands of years ago, the volcano Karacadag, now extinct, erupted leaving a thick layer of basalt. Diyarbakir, which has its foundations on this black basalt stratum, is known as “the Dark” because the walls and much of the old town are constructed from the rock.
They were filming when we visited this location so that's why you see the chairs and the lamps on the foreground.
Diyarbakır, Eastern Turkey
Sunset at Lighthouse beach in Bunbury, WA. During winter the large basalt rock shelves are exposed which creates great textures during a stormy sunset over the beach. Shot on Noongar country.
30. One more last day at the top of the world.
Zenit 11
Fuji Superia 200 (expired 06/18)
Pentacon auto 2.8/29mm
Film 68-Sjaumst!
Iceland
Oregon - Auf dem Weg zum Cascade Head
Cascade Head is a headland and 102,110-acre (41,320 ha) United States Forest Service Experimental Forest and part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. It is situated 85 miles (137 km) southwest of Portland, Oregon on the Oregon Coast between Lincoln City and Neskowin. Cascade Head Preserve is a Nature Conservancy Selected Site.
UNESCO - Man and the Biosphere Programme
Originally established in 1976, through UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme, the Cascade Head Biosphere Region (formerly known as the Cascade Head Biosphere Reserve) was expanded during the 2016 reauthorization to its current footprint. Within its boundaries are the Cascade Head Scenic Research Area, Cascade Head Experimental Forest, the Cascade Head Preserve, and the Cascade Head Marine Reserve and Marine Protected Areas. The diverse ecosystem includes the Salmon River and its estuary, a sandy littoral spit, densely forested coastal rainforest, a two-mile basalt headland covered in native coastal prairie and marine reserve stretching west into the waters of the Pacific. As with modern biosphere regions, there are core protected areas, areas of managed use, and areas of cooperation within the boundary.
The Nature Conservancy
In the early 1960s, volunteers organized an effort to protect Cascade Head from development. By 1966 they had raised funds and purchased the property, and then turned it over to The Nature Conservancy. Because of its ecological significance, Cascade Head Preserve and surrounding national forest and other lands won recognition in 1980 as a National Scenic Research Area and a United Nations Biosphere Reserve.
Conservancy researchers are testing methods of maintaining and restoring grassland habitat for the Oregon silverspot butterfly, including prescribed fire. Conservancy ecologists also monitor the populations of rare plants throughout the year. In spring and summer, teams of volunteers remove invasive species (such as Himalayan blackberry), help maintain trails, assist with research projects, and teach visitors about the Preserve.
Experimental Forest
The 11,890-acre (4,810 ha) Cascade Head Experimental Forest was established in 1934 for scientific study of typical coastal Sitka spruce-western hemlock forests found along the Oregon Coast. The forest stands at Cascade Head have been used for long-term studies, experimentation, and ecosystem research since then. In 1974 an act of Congress established the 9,670-acre (3,910 ha) Cascade Head Scenic Research Area that includes the western half of the experimental forest, several prairie headlands, the Salmon River estuary to the south, and contiguous private lands.
Before the establishment of the experimental forest in 1934 and for sometime after, an intense forest inventory was done to determine distribution, age classes, and volumes of major tree species. Early research at Cascade Head includes studies that determined life history and characteristics of native tree species; growth and yield of Sitka spruce-western hemlock, Douglas-fir, and red alder stands; and basic relations between vegetation and climate. A climate station established in 1936 is still operating and is an official United States Weather Bureau site. Between the 1940s and the 1960s, experimental, commercial sized harvests were done to evaluate the silvicultural and economic results of various tree-cutting methods. Current research is being done on forest ecosystem productivity, wind disturbance, nutrient cycling, and global carbon cycling.
Research on the Salmon River estuary has been ongoing since the first dike breaching in 1979. Reestablishment of the salt marsh ecosystems continues to be studied and more recently use of these restored ecosystems by anadromous fish is being studied.
Flora and fauna
Cascade Head is home to many native plant species, including red fescue, wild rye, Pacific reedgrass, coastal paintbrush, goldenrod, blue violet and streambank lupine. The hairy checkermallow (Sidalcea hirtipes) is a rare flower found here.
Ninety-nine percent of the world's population of the Cascade Head catchfly is found here. The Oregon silverspot butterfly, federally listed as a threatened species, is known from only five other locations in the world. The butterfly depends on a single plant species, the early blue violet (or hookedspur violet, Viola adunca, which grows coastal grassland openings), to serve as food for its larvae. Elk, deer, coyote, cougar, black bear, snowshoe hare and the Pacific giant salamander are also found in the preserve, as well as osprey, bald eagle, great horned owl, northern harrier, red-tail hawk and the occasional peregrine falcon.
Geology
Cascade Head is an extinct, uplifted volcano that was once under the Pacific Ocean.
(Wikipedia)
Spent a 5 day weekend circlng the various coulee formations related to the Ice Age Floods which exposed the basalt formations in their many twisted formations, and then 'painted' by lichens to highlight the sun and shade.
Stuðlagil is a ravine in Jökuldalur in the municipality of Múlaþing, in the Eastern Region of Iceland. It is known for its columnar basalt rock formations and the blue-green water that runs through it. It became an unexpected tourist sensation[1][2] after being shown in a WOW air airline brochure in 2017.[3] The rock formation is 30 meters tall.[4]
The river Jökla runs through the ravine.[4] The water level decreased by 7 to 8 meters due to the Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant, which opened in 2009.[4]
Basaltic Lava Intrusion interbedded with alluvial fan deposits and lake bed deposits of the Furnace Creek Formation laid down during the Pliocene about 3 million years ago. Furnace Creek Wash. Death Valley National Park. Inyo Co., Calif.
Otherwise known as Moses Coulee thought to be an even earlier Ice Age flood era that eroded the Basalt Formations of the Grande Ronde Lava Flow era millions of years ago.
Water used to flow under this bridge however it became too much of a struggled to keep the pond filled. Eventually, the city let the part of the pond dry up. The bridge still stands.
on the coast near ACI CASTELLO - Sicily -
rests of lava coming out of the volcano Etna -
( best viewed on black ) -
les rochers basaltiques d' Aci Castello -
des restes d'une ancienne coulée de lave de l' Etna - Sicile
Spent a 5 day weekend circlng the various coulee formations related to the Ice Age Floods which exposed the basalt formations in their many twisted formations, and then 'painted' by lichens to highlight the sun and shade.
Fingal Heads, NSW, Australia
Not the best time of day for photography but such cool geology!
That's the thing with travel photography - you can't always pick what time you will be at a place, especially with a toddler in tow :)
Praia do Castelejo, Algarve
Portugal 2016
Contax G2, Biogon 2,8/28 mm
Fuji Acros 100 mit Rodinal
Easylith auf Fomatone 132
1+20, +3,5 stops
2 min Selen MT1
Otherwise known as Moses Coulee thought to be an even earlier Ice Age flood era that eroded the Basalt Formations of the Grande Ronde Lava Flow era millions of years ago.
A tranquil cove framed by ancient basalt formations emerges on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula, where deep blue waters meet the harsh textures of volcanic rock. The layered cliffs and scattered islets speak of millennia of geological history, shaped by fire and ocean. Beneath the surface, the crystal-clear sea reveals its secrets — a vivid underwater world untouched and serene. The scene evokes a sense of stillness and timelessness, as if nature here holds its breath in quiet reverence.
Una tranquilla insenatura incorniciata da antiche formazioni basaltiche appare sulla penisola di Snæfellsnes, dove le acque blu profonde incontrano le aspre trame della roccia vulcanica. Le scogliere stratificate e gli isolotti sparsi raccontano di millenni di storia geologica, modellati dal fuoco e dall’oceano. Sotto la superficie, il mare cristallino rivela i suoi segreti — un mondo sottomarino vivido, intatto e sereno. La scena evoca un senso di quiete e senza tempo, come se la natura qui trattenesse il respiro in silenziosa riverenza.
Dramatic outcrops of basalt, a black sand/cobble beach, and powerful waves make for a dangerous combination at Reynisfjara Beach in southern Iceland. Tourists routinely tempt fate (and occasionally die) at this spectacular site.
HD PENTAX-D FA 24-70mm f2.8
Basalt with holes or vesicules making up to 50% of the rock is called vesicular basalt. (When the vesicles are over half the volume of a specimen, it is called scoria.) These textures forms when dissolved gases come out of solution and form bubbles as the magma decompresses at the surface. Some gas escapes yet other gas bubbles get trapped in the lava as it quickly hardens. The holes are left by the traped gases. Often there are more bubbles toward the top of the flow similar to foam on root beer. This sample was photographed in a road cut near the current end of the Chain of Craters Road.