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Kamakhya (Assamese: কামাখ্যা দেৱী), is an important Hindu Tantric goddess of desire who evolved in the Himalayan hills. She is also identified as Kali and Maha Tripura Sundari. According to the Tantric texts (Kalika Purana, Yogini Tantra) that are the basis for her worship at the Kamakhya temple, a 16th-century temple in the Kamrup district of Assam. The earlier manifest of the goddess sanctified at the Garo hills is destroyed, although the Vatsayana priests are said to have carried away the manifest of the goddess to the Hindu kingdom in Kashmir and later sanctified in a remote hill forest in Himachal. Her name means "renowned goddess of desire," and she resides at the presently rebuilt Kamakhya Temple in 1645 C. The temple is primary amongst the 51 Shakti Peethas related to the sect that follows Sati, and remains one of the most important Shakta temples and Hindu pilgrimage sites in the world.
Contents [hide]
1Origins
2Identity
3Iconography
Origins[edit source]
The origin of worship 'Shakti' at the site is associated with the legend of Sati, who was the wife of the ascetic god Shiva and daughter of the Puranic god-king Daksha. Daksha was unhappy with his daughter's choice of husband, and when he performed a grand Yajna for all the deities, he did not invite Shiva or Sati. In a rage, Sati threw herself onto the fire, knowing that this would make the sacrifice impure. Because she was the all-powerful mother goddess, Sati left her body in that moment to be reborn as the goddess Parvati. Meanwhile, Shiva was stricken with grief and rage at the loss of his wife. He put Sati's body over his shoulder and began his tandava (dance of cosmic destruction) throughout the heavens, and vowed not to stop until the body was completely rotted away. The other Gods, afraid of their annihilation, implored Vishnu to pacify Shiva. Thus, wherever Shiva wandered while dancing, Vishnu followed. He sent his discus Sudarshana to destroy the corpse of Sati. Pieces of her body fell until Shiva was left without a body to carry. Seeing this, Shiva sat down to do Mahatapasya (great penance). Despite the similarity in name, scholars do not generally believe that this legend gave rise to the practice of sati or the voluntary giving of the wife's body on the pyre of her husband .[1]
According to various myths and traditions, there are 51 pieces of Sati's body scattered across the Indian subcontinent. These places are called shakti peethas and are dedicated to various powerful goddesses. Kamarupa ("form of desire") is the region in which the yoni ("vulva," "womb," or "source") is said to have fallen to earth, and the Kamakhya temple was said to have been constructed on this spot.
Identity[edit source]
Kamakhya is mentioned in the Kalika Purana as the most important goddess of Tantric worship, and is referred to in the text as Mahamaya, the "great goddess of illusion", who takes on many forms depending on her mood. Devotees also call her Kameshwari ("beloved goddess of desire"), and consider her a form of Maha Tripura Sundari, also called Shodashi. She is identified with Kali in the Kalika Purana, Yoginitantra and Kamakhya Tantra, each of which echoes this verse:[2]
"It is certainly well known that Kamakhya is truly none other than that mother goddess Kali, who is in all things the form of wisdom."
Kamakhya is associated with the Dasa Mahavidyas, who each have temples dedicated to them at the Kamakhya temple complex in Assam. She is also closely associated with Durga.
Four Adi Shakti Peethas
The great mythological texts including the Kalika Purana (the Asthashakti) and various Tantras recognize the four major Shakti Peethas as Adi Shakti Peethas. Like (Bimala, Pada Khanda) inside the Jagannath Temple, Puri, Odisha, (Tara Tarini) Sthana Khanda (Breasts), near Brahmapur, Odisha, (Kamakhya, Yoni khanda) near Guwahati, Assam and (Dakhina Kalika, Mukha khanda) in Kolkata, West Bengal originated from the limbs of the Corpse of Mata Sati. In a hymn, the Kalika Purana (Asthashakti) clearly says:
[[“Vimala Pada khandancha,
Stana khandancha Tarini (Tara Tarini),
Kamakhya Yoni khandancha,
Mukha khandancha Kalika (Kali)
Anga pratyanga sangena
Vishnu Chakra Kshate nacha……”]]
Peetha Body Part Place
Vimala Pada khanda Puri, Odisha
Tara Tarini Stana khanda Brahmapur, Odisha
Kamakhya Yoni khanda Guwahati, Assam
Dakshina Kalika Mukha khanda Kolkata, West Bengal
Mantras for general worship of the Mahavidyas at the Kamakhya temple complex reveal a close identity with Kamakhya herself. Several of these goddesses are worshipped as forms of Kamakhya explicitly.[3]
Iconography[edit source]
Kamakhya is pictured as a young goddess, 16 years old, with twelve arms and six heads of varying colors, representing a powerful goddess who is omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent. She is ornately dressed, typically wearing a red sari, opulent jewelry and red flowers such as hibiscus.
She holds in each of ten hands a lotus, trident, sword, bell, discus, bow, arrows, club or scepter, goad, and shield. Her remaining two hands hold a bowl, which is made either of gold or a skull.
She is seated upon a lotus, which emerges from the navel of Lord Shiva, who in turn lies atop a lion.
To each side of her sit Brahma and Vishnu, who are each seated upon a lotus, as well.
See also[edit source]
Kamakhya Temple
Ambubachi Mela
Kamakshi
try-kos-ANTH-us -- from the Greek trichos (hairy) and anthos (flowers) ... Dave's Botanary
brak-tee-AY-tuh -- having bracts (modified leaves directly beneath the flower) ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: bitter snake gourd, redball snake gourd • Apatani: bullung koa • Assamese: ইন্দ্ৰায়ণ indrayan, কোৱাভাতুৰী kowabhaturi, মহাকাল mahakal • Bengali: মাকাল makal, লাল ইন্দ্রায়ন lal indrayan • Galo: sojar-momar • Garhwali: इलारु ilaru • Gujarati: મહાકાલ mahakal, રાતા ઈન્દ્રાંમણા rata indramana • Hindi: लाल इंद्रायन lal indrayan, पातालकोहड़ा patalkohra • Kannada: ಅವಗೂದೆ avagoode, ಕಾಗೆಮಾರೆ ಬಳ್ಳಿ kaagemaare balli, ಕಾಗೆಮೋರೆ kaagemore, ಕಾಕಿಮಂಡಲಿ kaakimandali • Khasi: u-soh-lyn-shang • Kokborok: makal • Kol: कौबुटकी kaubutki • Konkani: कौंडळ koundal, मुकाल mukal • Kumaoni: इलारु ilaru, इंदराइन indarain • Malayalam: കാക്കത്തൊണ്ടി kaakkathondi • Marathi: कवंडळ kavandal, मुकाल mukal • Maring: umkha • Mizo: choâka ûm • Nepali: इन्द्रेणी indrenee • Nyishi: rikay, yappen • Odia: କିମ୍ପାକ kimpaka, ମହାକାଳ mahakala, ମହେନ୍ଦ୍ର ବାରୁଣୀ mahendra baruni, ମକିର୍ଲା makirla, ସୌମ୍ଯା saumya, ଶଲରା salara • Pahari: बिम्बेल bimbel • Rajasthani: बडी आंखफोड badi ankhphod • Sanskrit: आत्मरक्षा atmaraksha, किम्पाक kimpaka, महाकाल mahakala, वेग vega • Tagin: yappen • Tamil: குறட்டை kurattai • Telugu: అబూద తీగ aabuda teega, అవ్వదూత avvadootha, అవగూద avvagooda, అవ్వపండు avvapandu, కాకి దొండ kaaki donda, పాపర paapara • Tulu: ಕಾಕ್ಕೆಮನೊಳಿ kakkemanoli, ಕಾಕ್ಕತೊಂಡಿ kakkathondi
botanical names: Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt ... homotypic synonyms: Anguina bracteata (Lam.) Kuntze • Modecca bracteata Lam. ... heterotypic synonyms: Trichosanthes palmata Roxb. ... and more at POWO, retrieved 18 November 2024
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Andaman & Nicobar islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal
Names compiled / updated at Names of Plants in India.
Sapindaceae (soapberry family) » Sapindus mukorossi
sap-IN-dus or SAP-in-dus -- from the Latin sapo (soap) and indicus (Indian)
moo-kew-ROW-zee -- from transcribed Japanese mukuroji
commonly known as: Chinese soapberry, north Indian soapnut • Assamese: হাইঠা aritha • Chinese: 无患子 wu huan zi • Hindi: फेनिल phenil, रिष्ट risht, रिष्टक rishtak, रीठा ritha • Japanese: ムクロジ. mukuroji • Marathi: फेनिल phenil • Mizo: hlingsi • Nepalese: रीट्ठा rittha • Prakrit: रिट्ठओः ritthaoh • Sanskrit: हृष्टः hrishtah, फेनका phenaka, फेनिल phenil, रिष्टः rishtah, रिष्टक rishtak, रीठा rita, सारिष्ट sarishta, ऊर्ध्वशोधनः urdhvashodhanah • Urdu: پهينل phenil, ريٿها ritha
Native to: e. & s. China, Japan, Nepal, Bhutan, n. & n.e India, Indo-China
References: Sapindus Mukorossi • ENVIS - FRLHT • NPGS / GRIN • Haryana Online
¿ pou-ZOL-zee-uh ? -- named for the French botanist Marie Casimir de Pouzolz ... Wikipedia
zey-LAN-ee-kuh -- of or from Ceylon (Sri Lanka) ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: graceful Pouzolz's bush • Adi: oyik • Assamese: বৰালি বকুৱা borali bokua, দুধমুৰ dudhmor, গাখীৰতী gakhiroti • Bengali: কুল্লারুকি kullaruki • Gujarati: સિંહલ પૂઝોલ sinhal pouzol • Kannada: ಕಲ್ಲುರುಕ್ಕಿ kallurukki • Kokborok: lajon turi • Malayalam: കൽച്ചീര kacchira, കല്ലുരുക്കി kallurukki, നെയ്ചീര neychira, നെയ്ത്തുമ്പ neythumpa • Marathi: सिंहल पूझोल sinhal pouzol • Nepali: बन पाते ban paate, बारबेरे baarabere, चिप्ले झार chiple jhaar, मास लहरी maas laharee, नीचा साग nichaa saag • Nyishi: notke • Tamil: கல்லுருக்கி kallurukki, நீர்ச்சின்னி nir-c-cinni • Telugu: ఎద్దుముట్టె దుంప eddu-mutte dumpa, ఉచ్చగడ్డ vuchchagadda • Tulu: ಕಲ್ಲುರುಕ್ಕಿ kallurukki
botanical names: Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. ... accepted infraspecifics: Pouzolzia zeylanica var. zeylanica ... heterotypic synonyms: Pouzolzia indica (L.) Wight • Pouzolzia glomerata Decne. • Urtica glomerata J.G.Klein ex Willd. ... many more listed at POWO, retrieved 15 May 2024
sar-AK-a -- from the Indian (Sanskrit) vernacular word for this plant ... Dave's Botanary
¿ ah-SO-kah ? -- derived from Sanskrit asoka (without grief or sorrow)
commonly known as: sita ashok, sorrowless tree • Ahom: ashok • Assamese: অশোক গছ ashoka gacha • Bengali: অশোক ashoka • Garo: bok-bang, khen-thiri • Gujarati: સીતાઅશોક sita-ashok • Haryanvi: सीता अशोक sita ashok • Hindi: सीता अशोक sita ashok • Kachari: asu-bhuphang, biardala, thaibor-phang • Kannada: ಆಚಂಗೆ aachange, ಅಶೋಕ ashoka, ಎಲಿಯಾಲ eliyaala, ಕೆಂಕಲಿ kenkali • Karbi: mir-krem-arong • Khasi: dieng-ja-mar-aih, dieng-soh-kyrkha, dieng-soh-rym-sein • Konkani: असोक asok • Kuki: maikam-par • Malayalam: അശോകം ashokam, ഹേമപുഷ്പം hemapushpam • Manipuri: ꯑꯁꯣꯛ ashoka • Marathi: अशोक ashok, जासुंदी jasundi, जसवंत jaswant, लाल अशोक laal ashok, सीतेचा अशोक sitecha ashok • Mizo: bai-kang, husangidba, maikam-par, mual-hawih • Nepali: अशोक ashok • Odia: ଅଙ୍ଗନାପ୍ରିଯ anganapriya, ଅଶୋକ asoka, ଦୋହଳୀ dohali, କଙ୍କେଳ kankela • Pali: असोक asoka • Punjabi: ਅਸ਼ੋਕ ashoka • Rajasthani: सीता अशोक sita ashok • Sanskrit: अपशोक apashoka, अशोक ashoka, चक्रगुच्छ chakraguccha, चित्र chitra, चित्रशोक chitrashoka, हेमपुष्प hemapuspa, कमन kamana, कामुक kamuka, कङ्केलि kangkeli, कान्ताचरणदोहद kantacharanadohada, कान्ताङ्घ्रिदोहद kantagghridohada, कर्णपूर karnapura, केलिक kelika, किङ्किरात kingkirata, मौलि mauli, नट nata, पिण्डपुष्य pindapushya, पिण्डीपुष्प pindipushpa, रागितरु ragitaru, रक्तपल्लव raktapallava, षट्पदानन्दवर्धन shatpadanandavardhana, सुभग subhaga, ताम्रपल्लव tamrapallava, विशोक vishoka, वीतशोक vitashoka • Tamil: அசோகம் ashokam • Telugu: అశోకము asokamu, కంగేలి kangeli, వంజులము vanjulamu • Tibetan: མྱ་ངན་མེད་པ mya ngan med pa, མྱ་ངན་འཚང mya ngan 'tshang • Tippera: bai-kang • Tulu: ಅಶೋಕ ಮರ ashoka mara • Urdu: اشوك ashok
botanical names: Saraca asoca (Roxb.) W. J. de Wilde, Blumea 15:393. 1968 ... synonyms: Jonesia asoca Roxb. • Saraca indica auct. (non L.); Baker in Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 271, 1878 ... efloraofindia
Sterculiaceae (cacao family) » Sterculia urens
stur-KEW-lee-uh -- named after the Latin god Sterculius
UR-ens -- meaning, stinging
commonly known as: bassora tragacanth, Indian tragacanth, karaya tree • Assamese: odla • Gujarati: કોગડોલ kogdol • Hindi: गुलु gulu, कराया karaya, कतीरा katira, कुलु kulu • Kannada: kempudale, pinari • Konkani: पांडरूख pandrukh • Malayalam: അണ്ണാന്വഴുക്കി annaanvazhukki, തീത്തൊണ്ടി thiiththonti, തൊണ്ടി thonti • Marathi: कांडोळ kandol, कावळी kawali • Oriya: gudalo • Rajasthani: katila • Tamil: குதிரைப்பிடுக்கன் kutiraippitukkan, செந்தணக்கு centanakku, வெல்லை பூத்தாளி vellai-puthali • Telugu: తపసి ట్టు tapasi chettu
Native of: India
References: Flowers of India • Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh • World Agroforestry Centre
ip-oh-MEE-a or eye-poh-MEE-a -- worm-like; referring to coiled flower bud ... Dave's Botanary
er-ee-oh-KAR-puh -- woolly fruit ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: tiny morning glory, woolly-fruited morning glory • Assamese: খুদ কলমৌ khud kalmou • Bengali: ঘোড়াকলমি ghorakalami • Gujarati: ઓડી કુદરડી odi kudaradi • Hindi: बूटा buta, भांवर bhanwar • Kachchhi: અડબાઉ નેરી જી વલ adabau neri ji val • Kannada: ಮುಳ್ಳು ಬಳ್ಳಿ mullu balli • Malayalam: പുലിചെവിട് pulichevidu • Marathi: माळ घंटी maal ghanti, रानभोवरी raanbhovari • Odia: ପାଣିନଇ paninoi • Punjabi: ਭੰਵਰ bhanwar • Sanskrit: नखरी nakhari • Tamil: சிறு காக்கட்டான் ciru kakkattan • Telugu: పురిటి తీగ purititige
botanical names: Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br. ... homotypic synonyms: Convolvulus eriocarpus (R.Br.) Spreng. ... heterotypic synonyms: Convolvulus hispidus Vahl • Ipomoea hispida (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. ... and more at POWO
Rubiaceae (madder, bedstraw, or coffee family) » Haldina cordifolia
commonly known as: yellow teak, haldu, saffron teak, turmeric wood • Assamese: tarakchapa • Gujarati: હળદરવો haldarvo • Hindi: हलदु haldu, हेदी hedi, कदमी kadami • Kannada: ಅರಿಸಿನ ತೇಗ arisina tega, ಹೆತ್ತೇಗ hettega • Malayalam: മഞ്ഞക്കടമ്പ് manjakkatamp • Marathi: हेद hed, हेदू hedu • Mizo: lungkhup • Nepalese: करम karam, कर्मा karma • Oriya: holondo • Sanskrit: धाराकदम्ब dharakadambah, गिरिकदम्ब girikadambah, haridraka, नीप nipa • Tamil: மஞ்சட்கடம்பு mancatkatampu • Telugu: దాడుగచెట్టు dadugacettu, పసుపుకదంబ pasupukadamba
Native to: China, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Indo-China
References: Flowers of India • World Agroforestry Centre • NPGS / GRIN
Rubiaceae (madder, bedstraw, or coffee family) » Haldina cordifolia
commonly known as: yellow teak, haldu, saffron teak, turmeric wood • Assamese: tarakchapa • Gujarati: હળદરવો haldarvo • Hindi: हलदु haldu, हेदी hedi, कदमी kadami • Kannada: ಅರಿಸಿನ ತೇಗ arisina tega, ಹೆತ್ತೇಗ hettega • Malayalam: മഞ്ഞക്കടമ്പ് manjakkatamp • Marathi: हेद hed, हेदू hedu • Mizo: lungkhup • Nepalese: करम karam, कर्मा karma • Oriya: holondo • Sanskrit: धाराकदम्ब dharakadambah, गिरिकदम्ब girikadambah, haridraka, नीप nipa • Tamil: மஞ்சட்கடம்பு mancatkatampu • Telugu: దాడుగచెట్టు dadugacettu, పసుపుకదంబ pasupukadamba
Native to: China, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Indo-China
References: Flowers of India • World Agroforestry Centre • NPGS / GRIN
¿ pu-PAL-ee-uh ? -- from the Malabar name for this plant, pupalvalli ... Nomenclator botanicus
lap-uh-SEE-uh or lap-uh-KAY-uh -- like a burr ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: creeping cock's comb, forest burr • Assamese: বনসত bonxoth • Bengali: দুয়ো কুয়ো duya kuya • Dogri: जोजड़ा jojda • Gujarati: ધોળો ઝીપટો dholo jhipato, ગાડર ઝીપટો gadar jhipato • Hadauti: आंधीझाड़ो aandheejhaado, चिरचिड़ो chirchido, चिरपीटो chirpeeto • Hindi: भूरट bhurat, दिन का तारा din ka tara, झोझरू jhojhru, नागदमनी nagadamani • Kachchhi: ગડર ભુરટ gadar bhurat, રિઢ ભુરટ ridh bhurat • Kannada: ಅಂಟುಪುರಲೆ ಗಿಡ antupurale gida, ಬಿಳಿ ಉತ್ತರಾಣಿ bili uttaraani, ಹರಿದಛಗ haridacchaga • Konkani: सित्या कुरडी sitya kurdi • Malayalam: പൂപ്പാൽവള്ളി pooppaalvalli • Marathi: चिकटा chikta • Nepali: उल्टा कुरो ulta kuro • Odia: ଜଟଜଟିଆ jatajatia • Rajasthani: चिप्टियो भरूट chiptio bharut, चिरपिटा chirpita • Tamil: ஆடைஒட்டி ataiotti, ஒட்டொட்டி ottotti • Telugu: అడవి ఉత్తరేణి adavi uttareni, అంత్రీత antreetha, తెల్ల ఉత్తరేణి thella utthareni
botanical names: Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. ... homotypic synonyms: Achyranthes lappacea L. • Cadelari lappacea (L.) Medik. • Celosia lappacea (L.) Medik. • Codivalia lappacea (L.) Raf. • Desmochaeta lappacea (L.) Griff. ... accepted infraspecifics: Pupalia lappacea var. lappacea ... heterotypic synonyms: Pupalia atropurpurea (Lam.) Moq. ... and more at POWO, retrieved 14 June 2024
Assamese monkey ~ Macaca assamensis ~ Macaque D' Assam ~ Shivapuri Nagarjun national park, Kathmandu, Nepal
Threatened and Protected Monkeys of Nepal
hep-tah-PLOOR-um -- Greek: hepta (seven); pleurum (ribs, sides) ... Dave's Botanary
ven-oo-LOH-sum -- with fine veins, finely veined ... Cretan Flora
commonly known as: schefflera vine • Assamese: ধোবাই লতা dhobai lata, যখিনী লতা jokhini lata • Bengali: বন শিমুল ban simul • Garo: dorengmi, jeng-jil • Hindi: डाइन dain, कठ सेमल kath semal • Kannada: ಬಿಳಿ ಭೂತಾಳೆ bili bhutale • Khasi: deing-soh-luait, dieng-meising-hat, jarmi-mong-boi, mei-soh-syrkan • Konkani: रवणीत ravnith • Malayalam: അഞ്ചിലമരം anchilamaram • Manipuri: ꯎꯇꯥꯡ utang • Marathi: रवणीतो rawanito, उंजाळा unjala • Mizo: kel-buh • Mundari: ned nanri, panikawar, superari • Nepali: डाङ्ग डिङ्गे daang dinge, कुर्सिमाल kursimaal, कुस्मेरो kusmero • Nyishi: paleh • Odia: ଜରି jari, ସପୁର୍ଣ୍ଣିଆ sapurnnia • Santali: ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱡᱚᱲ sunum jur • Tamil: மொடக்கமா motakkama • Telugu: చిప్పరి chippari, గాలన gaalana
botanical names: Heptapleurum venulosum (Wight & Arn.) Seem. ... heterotypic synonyms: Hedera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Bedd. • Paratropia venulosa Wight & Arn. • Schefflera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Harms ... POWO, retrieved 10 August 2024
Durga Puja (Bengali: দুর্গাপূজা, Assamese: দুৰ্গা পূজা, Hindi: दुर्गा पूजा [d̪urɡa pudʒa], listen: About this sound listen (help·info), "Worship of Durga"), also referred to as Dussahara, Durgotsava (Bengali: দুর্গোৎসব Bengali pronunciation: [d̪urɡot̪ʃɔb], listen: About this sound Durgotsava (help·info), "Festival of Durga") or Sharadotsav is an annual Hindu festival in South Asia that celebrates worship of the Hindu goddess Durga. It refers to all the six days observed as Mahalaya (মহালয়া), Shashthi (ষষ্ঠী), Maha Saptami (মহাসপ্তমী), Maha Ashtami (মহাষ্টমী), Maha Navami (মহানবমী) and Vijayadashami (বিজয়াদশমী).
Durga Puja festival is celebrated from the sixth to tenth day of bright lunar fortnight (shukla paksha/শুক্লপক্ষ) in the Bikram Sambat Calendar month of Ashwin (আশ্বিন).[4] This period falls in the fortnight corresponding to the festival is called Devi Paksha (Bengali: দেবী পক্ষ, "Fortnight of the Goddess"). Devi Paksha is preceded by Mahalaya (মহালয়া), the last day of the previous fortnight Pitri Paksha (পিতৃপক্ষ), "Fortnight of the Forefathers"), and is ended on Kojagori Lokkhi Puja ("Worship of Goddess Lakshmi (লক্ষ্মী) on Kojagori Full Moon Night (কোজাগরী পূর্ণিমা)).
Durga Puja festival marks the victory of Goddess Durga over the evil buffalo demon Mahishasura . Thus, Durga Puja festival epitomises the victory of Good over Evil. In Bengal, Durga is worshipped as Durgotinashini, the destroyer of evil and the protector of her devotees.
Durga Puja is widely celebrated in the Indian states of Assam, Mithila (ancient) region of Nepal and Bihar, Jharkhand, Manipur, Odisha, Tripura, Meghalaya and West Bengal, where it is a five-day annual holiday.[5] In both West Bengal and Tripura, which have a majority of Bengali Hindus, it is the biggest festival of the year. In Assam due to presence of huge number of Bengali Hindus and quite a large number of Assamese Hindus of Shakta sect of Hinduism (Assam is predominantly Vaishnavite Hindu populous state), it is one of the biggest religious festivals, as the biggest festival is Bihu which is secular in nature. Not only is it the biggest Hindu festival celebrated throughout the state, it is also the most significant socio-cultural event in Bengali Hindu society. Apart from eastern India, Durga Puja is also celebrated in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Sikkim, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Kerala. Durga Puja is also celebrated as a major festival in Nepal where 82% population is Hindu, and in Bangladesh where 10% population is Hindu. Nowadays, many diaspora Assamese and Bengali cultural organisations arrange for Durgotsab in countries such as the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, France, The Netherlands, Singapore, Bahrain and Kuwait, among others. In 2006, a grand Durga Puja ceremony was held in the Great Court of the British Museum.[6]
The prominence of Durga Puja increased gradually during the British Raj in Bengal and erstwhile Assam.[7] After the Hindu reformists identified Durga with India, she became an icon for the Indian independence movement. In the first quarter of the 20th century, the tradition of Baroyari or Community Puja was popularised due to this. After independence, Durga Puja became one of the largest celebrated festivals in the whole world. It is also the largest "open Air Art Exhibition in the World".
Durga Puja also includes the worship of Shiva, who is Durga's consort (Durga is an aspect of Goddess Parvati), in addition to Lakshmi, Saraswati with Ganesha and Kartikeya, who are considered to be Durga's children.[8] Worship of mother nature is done, through nine types of plant (called "Kala Bou"), including a plantain (banana) tree, which represent nine divine forms of Goddess Durga.[9] Modern traditions have come to include the display of decorated pandals and artistically depicted sculptures (murti) of Durga, exchange of Vijaya greetings and publication of Puja Annuals.
stur-KEW-lee-uh -- named after the Latin god Sterculius ... Dave's Botanary
goo-TAH-tuh -- spotted ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: bloody drop ordure tree, spotted sterculia • Assamese: হিৰিখ hirikh • Gujarat: ડવલો davlo, કુકર kukar, ગોલડરો goldaro • Hindi: हिरीक hirik • Kannada: ಹುಲಿ ತೊರಡು ಮರ huli toradu mara, ಜೇನುಕಾಯಿ jenukaayi, ಪೀನಾರಿ peenaari • Konkani: कुकर kukar, कुळिंदर kulinder • Malayalam: കാവളം kaavalam, പീനാറി peenari, രമണപ്പൂ ramanappoo, തൊണ്ടി thondi • Marathi: गोलदडा goldada, गोलदार goldaar, कुकर kukar • Tamil: கழுதைவிடை kalutaivitai, காவலம் kavalam, பீ pi, தொண்டி tonti • Tulu: ಗೋಣಪೊತ್ತೆಲ್ gonapotthelu, ಪೀನಾರಿ peenaari
botanical names: Sterculia guttata Roxb. ... heterotypic synonyms: Astrodendrum malabaricum Dennst. • Clompanus malabarica (Dennst.) Kuntze • Sterculia cuneata B.Heyne ex Wall. ... POWO, retrieved 27 September 2024
Names compiled / updated at Names of Plants in India.
Arecaceae (palm family) » Phoenix sylvestris
FEE-niks -- from the Greek name for a date palm
sil-VESS-triss -- from Latin silva (wood), of the woods, growing wild
commonly known as: date-sugar palm, Indian wild date, Indian winepalm, silver date palm, sugar date palm, sugar palm, wild date • Assamese: খাজুৰি khaajuri • Bengali: খর্জূর kharjura, খেজুর khejura • Gujarati: ખજૂરી khajuri • Hindi: खजूर khajur, सेंधी sendhi • Kannada: ಈಚಲು ichalu, ಖರ್ಜೂರ kharjura • Konkani: खाज्जूर khajjur • Malayalam: കാടിനൊത്ത kaattiintha, കാട്ടീന്തല് kaattiinthal, നീലന്തെണ്ട് niilanthent • Manipuri: থাঙতুপ thangtup • Marathi: खारीक kharik, खर्जूर kharjur, खर्जूरी kharjuri, शिंद shinda, शिंदी shindi • Nepalese: kandela, taadii • Oriya: khorjurri • Punjabi: khajur • Sanskrit: खर्जूरः kharjurh, खर्जूरी kharjuri, नेपाली nepali • Tamil: ஈந்துபனை inthupaanai, காட்டீஞ்சு kattinchu • Telugu: ఈత ita • Urdu: کهجور khajur
Native to: India, Nepal; cultivated elsewhere
References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • eFlora • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT • DDSA
Sapotaceae (sapota family) » Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia
MAH-dhuk-ah -- from Sankrit name of the plant, madhuka
lon-jee-FOH-lee-uh -- meaning, long leaves
lat-ee-FOH-lee-uh or lat-ih-FOH-lee-uh -- meaning, wide leaves
commonly known as: honey tree, Indian butter tree, mahua • Assamese: মহুবা mahua • Bengali: মহুয়া mahuya • Gujarati: મહુડો mahudo • Hindi: गिलौंदा gilaunda, गुलू gulu, गुड़ gur, महुआ mahua, वानप्रस्थ vanprasth • Kannada: ಇಪ್ಪೆ ippe • Kashmiri: महोरा mahora, महवा मोवा mahwa-mova • Konkani: मोहवा mohwa • Malayalam: ഇലിപ്പ ilippa • Marathi: म्होंव mhomva, मोह or मोहा moha • Nepalese: मौवा mauwa, महुवा mahuwa • Pali: मधुकम madhukam • Prakrit: महुअं mahuam, महुओ mahuo • Sanskrit: मधूक madhuca, मधूकम् madhucam, मोह moha, वानप्रस्थः vānaprasthh • Tamil: காட்டிருப்பை kattiruppai, இலுப்பை illupei • Telugu: ఇప్ప ippa, మధూకము or మధుకము madhukamu • Urdu: گلوندا gilaunda, gul-chikan, گلو gulu, گڙ gur, مہوا mahua
Native to: India
References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • Wikipedia • eFlora • DDSA
Ahetuk is an upcoming Assamese film directed by Bani Das with Gunjan Bhardwaj and Amrita Gogoi in lead role. For more information about this film visit www.magicalassam.com
Assamese Dhol(Drum). Playing at a cultural program Named Mukoli Bihu
For More Information : Zakir099@gmail.com
flem-MING-ee-uh -- named for John Fleming, President of the Medical Board of Bengal ... Dave's Botanary
stroh-bil-IF-fer-a -- Greek: strobil (cone), fera (bearing) ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: luck plant, wild hops • Assamese: মাখিয়তি makhiyati • Bengali: বলু bolu • Dogri: बन छोले ban chole • Gujarati: કાનફુટી kanphuti, કસરોટ kasraut, પોપટીયો poptiyo • Hindi: कानफूटा kanphuta • Kannada: ಕುಮಳು kumalu, ನರಿ ಬಾಲದ ಹೊನ್ನೆ nari baalada honne • Konkani: बोंदर bondar • Khasi: ka-khong • Malayalam: കനലം kanalam, കുമാൻചെടി kumaanchedi, കുമലു kumalu, പോന്തോരില ponthorila, തേരി theri • Marathi: बंदर bundar, कानफुटी kanphuti, क्लिप्ती klipti • Nepali: बर्कौन्ली झार barkounli jhaar, भटमासे bhatmase, भटवासी bhatwasi, दुवारे duvaare • Telugu: నల్ల బడ్డు nalla baddu • Tulu: ಕಾಟ್ಟು ಒಂಜಿರೆ kaatu onjire
botanical names: Flemingia strobilifera (L.) W.T.Aiton ... homotypic synonyms: Hedysarum strobiliferum L. • Maughania strobilifera (L.) J.St.-Hil. ex Kuntze • Zornia strobilifera (L.) Pers. ... heterotypic synonyms: Flemingia affinis C.Presl • Hedysarum celtifolium Salisb. • Maughania strobilifera f. rubriflora Kuntze ... POWO
MAY-suh -- from the Arabic vernacular name maas ... Dave's Botanary
IN-dih-kuh or in-DEE-kuh -- of or from India ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: wild berry, wild tea, wind berry • Adi: etjun jayun, nyanyur • Assamese: ঔৱাপাত awuapat, মেচপৰা machhpora, চেচু sesu • Bengali: রঞ্জনী ramjani • Dogri: डुमटू dumtoo • Garo: samnakhatok • Garhwali: gadchiana, jiundali • Hindi: बुरकनी burkani, कृमिघ्न फल kramighna phal • Kannada: ಗುಡ್ಡೆ ಹರಗಿ gudde haragi, ಮಂಡಸೆ mandase, ತನಿಪಾಲ thanipaala • Khasi: dieng sohjala-tyrkai • Konkani: आटकी ataki • Kumaoni: gadchiana, jiundali, nagapadhera • Lepcha: purmo-kung • Lotha: mungshen tssung • Magadhi: तामोम्बन tamomban • Malayalam: കിരിതീ kiriti, കുറ്റിവിഴാൽ kuttivizhaal, വണ്ണാത്തി vannathi, വണ്ണൻമരം vannanmaram • Mao (in Manipur): kohravii • Marathi: आटकी ataki • Mech (people): phudupjoh, sirkhi • Mising (or Miri): kisu-tanop, tasing-mon • Mizo: ar-ngeng • Nepali: कालो बिलौने kaalo bilaunae • Nyishi: chonium • Synteng (or Jaintia): dieng-pyllein-dakha • Tamil: பெரிய உன்னி periya-unni • Tulu: ತನಿಪಾಲೆ thanipaale
botanical names: Maesa indica (Roxb.) A.DC. ... homotypic synonyms: Baeobotrys indica Roxb. ... and many more at GBIF
Ahetuk is an upcoming Assamese film directed by Bani Das with Gunjan Bhardwaj and Amrita Gogoi in lead role. For more information about this film visit www.magicalassam.com
flem-MING-ee-uh -- named for John Fleming, President of the Medical Board of Bengal ... Dave's Botanary
stroh-bil-IF-fer-a -- Greek: strobil (cone), fera (bearing) ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: luck plant, wild hops • Assamese: মাখিয়তি makhiyati • Bengali: বলু bolu • Dogri: बन छोले ban chole • Gujarati: કાનફુટી kanphuti, કસરોટ kasraut, પોપટીયો poptiyo • Hindi: कानफूटा kanphuta • Kannada: ಕುಮಳು kumalu, ನರಿ ಬಾಲದ ಹೊನ್ನೆ nari baalada honne • Konkani: बोंदर bondar • Khasi: ka-khong • Malayalam: കനലം kanalam, കുമാൻചെടി kumaanchedi, കുമലു kumalu, പോന്തോരില ponthorila, തേരി theri • Marathi: बंदर bundar, कानफुटी kanphuti, क्लिप्ती klipti • Nepali: बर्कौन्ली झार barkounli jhaar, भटमासे bhatmase, भटवासी bhatwasi, दुवारे duvaare • Telugu: నల్ల బడ్డు nalla baddu • Tulu: ಕಾಟ್ಟು ಒಂಜಿರೆ kaatu onjire
botanical names: Flemingia strobilifera (L.) W.T.Aiton ... homotypic synonyms: Hedysarum strobiliferum L. • Maughania strobilifera (L.) J.St.-Hil. ex Kuntze • Zornia strobilifera (L.) Pers. ... heterotypic synonyms: Flemingia affinis C.Presl • Hedysarum celtifolium Salisb. • Maughania strobilifera f. rubriflora Kuntze ... POWO