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प्रेम प्रसंगों में किसी पर भी वशीकरण अथवा सम्मोहन का प्रयोग (चाहे वह लड़का हो या लड़की) तभी करना चाहिए जब आपका प्रेम सच्चा हो तथा आपकी भावना सामने वाले के प्रति निश्छल हो। साथ ही यह भी ध्यान रखें कि आप उसके योग्य हो तथा उसे प्रसन्न रख पाएंगे तभी आपको यहां दिए वशीकरण के प्रयोग काम में लेने चाहिए।...
Fabaceae (pea, or legume family) » Tamarindus indica
tam-uh-RIN-dus -- from the Arabic tamar (date), hindi (Indian)
IN-dih-kuh or in-DEE-kuh -- of or from India
commonly known as: camalindo, Indian date, madeira mahogany, sweet tamarind, tamarind • Assamese: তেঁতেলী tenteli • Bengali: আম্লীকা amlika, তেঁতুল tentula, তিন্তিড়ীক tintidika • Gujarati: ખાટી આમલી khati aamli • Hindi: आम्लिका amlika, इमली imli, तिन्तिड़ी tintiri • Kannada: ಹುಣಸೇ hunase • Konkani: चिंच्याम chinchyaam • Malayalam: പുളി puli, വാളന്പുളി valamapuli • Manipuri: মংগে mange • Marathi: अमली amli, चिंच chinch • Nepalese: अमिलि amili, इम्लि imli, तित्रि titri • Oriya: tintuli • Pali: चिञ्चा chincha • Punjabi: ਅੰਬਲੀ ambli, ਇਮਲੀ imli • Sanskrit: आम्लः amalah, अम्लिका or अम्लीका amalika, अम्लम् amlam, अम्लफलः amlaphalah, अम्लवृक्षः amlavrukshah, चण्डः chandah, चरित्रा charitra, चिञ्चा chincha, चिन्तिडी chintidi, चुक्रा chukra, चुक्रम्ला chukramla, गुरुपत्रा gurupatra, महाम्लम् mahamlam, फलम्लम् phalamlam, श्रेष्ठम्लम् shreshtamlam, तिन्तिडः tintidah, तिन्तिडिका tintidika, तिन्तिली tintili, तिन्तिलीका tintilika, वृक्षम्लम् vrukshamlam • Tamil: ஆம்பிலம் ambilam, சஞ்சீவகரணி canciva-karani, சண்டன் cantan, எகின் ekin, எதளா etala, இந்தம் intam, கிஞ்சம் kincam, ஓதிமம் otimam, புளி puli • Telugu: ఆమ్లము amlamu, అమ్లిక amlika, చించ chincha, చింత chinta, తింత్రిణి tintrini • Urdu: املی imlii
Native of: East Africa, Madagascar, South India
References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • M.M.N.P.D. • DDSA
Rang Ghar (Assamese: rong ghor) (meaning "Amusement House") is a two-storied building, which was the royal sports-pavilion from which the Ahom kings and nobles witnessed games like buffalo fights and other sports at the Rupahi Pathar (pathar meaning field in Assamese) specially during Rangali Bihu festival in the Ahom capital, Rangpur. On the roof of the Rang Ghar is a design of an Ahom royal long boat. The building was constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Pramatta Singha in 1746. It is located north east to the Talatal Ghar a multi-storied royal complex in Joysagar west of Sivasagar town, on the other side of the Assam Trunk (AT) Road in Sibsagar district in Assam, India .
The Rang Ghar is said to be the oldest amphitheater in Asia.The base of the monument has a series of arched entrances and atop the roof is a decorative pair of carved stone crocodiles. In many of these, only the brick framework exists with vestiges of sculptural adornments here and there. The Ahoms, who used special thin baked bricks, did not have the use of cement and, therefore, used a paste of rice and eggs as mortar for their construction. They also made use of powdered mixed lime and bricks to cover the surface of the inner walls. It is said that this layer of powder used to keep the inside of Ranghar cool.
About a kilometer towards the north east of Rangh Ghar is the Jaysagar Pukhuri. It is a manmade tank, encompassing an area of about 120 Bighas of land. It was dug in memory of Rani Joymati, the mother of Rudra Singha, the most illustrious of the Ahom kings.
Phyllanthaceae (leaf flower family) » Phyllanthus emblica
fil-LAN-thus -- flower leaf; it appears to flower from a leaf like stem
EM-blee-kuh -- Latinized form of Sanskrit amalakah (sour)
oh-fiss-ih-NAH-liss -- official; used in pharmacological sense
commonly known as: emblic myrobalan, Indian gooseberry • Assamese: আম্লখি amlaki • Bengali: আমলকী amlaki • Gujarati: આમળા amla, આમલક amalak • Hindi: आमला amla, आंवला anwla, बहुमूली bahu-muli, ब्रह्मवृक्ष Brahma vriksh • Kannada: ಆಮಲಕ aamalaka, ಬೆಟ್ಟ ನೆಲ್ಲಿ betta nelli, ದೊಡ್ಡ ನೆಲ್ಲಿ dodda nelli • Kashmiri: आमलकी amalaki, ओम्ल omala • Khasi: dieng sohmylleng • Konkani: आवळो avalo • Malayalam: നെല്ലി nelli, നെല്ലിക്ക nellikka • Manipuri: আমলা amla, heikru • Marathi: अवळा avala, आंवळा aanvala • Mizo: sinhlu • Nepalese: अमलो amalo • Oriya: aula • Pali: आमलक amalak • Punjabi: ਆਂਵਲਾ anwala, ਆਉਲਾ aula • Sanskrit: अकर akara, अमलाः amalah, आमलकः amalakah, ब्रह्मवृक्ष Brahmavriksh, धात्रिका dhatrika, मण्डा manda, राधा radha, शंभुप्रिया shambhupriya, शिवा shiva, श्रीफली shriphali, सुधा sudha, तमका tamaka, तिष्या tishya, वज्रम् vajram, विलोमी vilomi • Tamil: ஆமலகி amalaki, அமிர்தபலம் amirta-palam, அத்தகோரம் attakoram, சிரோட்டம் cirottam, சிவை civai, இந்துளி intuli, கந்தாத்திரி kantattiri, காட்டுநெல்லி kattu-nelli, கோங்கம் konkam, கோரங்கம் korankam, நெல்லி nelli, தாத்திரி tattiri, தேசோமந்திரம் tecomantiram, தோப்புநெல்லி toppu-nelli, தோட்டி totti • Telugu: ఆమలకము amalakamu, ధాత్రి dhatri, నెల్లి nelli, ఉసిరి usiri • Urdu: آنولا anwla
Native to: s China, India, Indo-China, Malesia; cultivated elsewhere in tropics
References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • ENVIS - FRLHT • DDSA
Euphorbiaceae (castor, euphorbia, or spurge family) » Bridelia retusa
bree-DAY-lee-uh -- named for the Swiss botanist Samuel Elisée von Bridel (1761-1828)
re-TOO-suh -- meaning, rounded and notched tip
commonly known as: spinous kino tree • Assamese: কহিব, kuhir • Bengali: geio • Chinese: 大叶土蜜树 da ye tu mi shu • Garo khasi • Hindi: ekdania, काझी kaji, kasai, kassi, katti-daman, kattian, khaja, kuhir • Kannada: ಮುಳ್ಳುಹೊನ್ನೆ ಮರ mulluhonne mara • Khasi: dieng rishan • Konkani: कांटे आसन kamte asan • Malayalam: mulkaini, mulluvenga • Marathi: असण or असणा asana • Nepalese: गायो gayo • Oriya: asano • Sanskrit: असनः or आसनः asana • Tamil: செம்மரம் cemmaram, மலைவேங்கை malai-venkai, மரவகை maravakai • Telugu: కోరామద్ది koramaddi, మద్దికాయలు maddi-kayalu, ములుమద్ది mulu-maddi, పుట్టకరక putta-karaka
Native to: south China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia
References: Flowers of India • R D Reddy Flora • Andhra Pradesh Forest Department
SAL-iks or SAY-liks -- to spring or leap; referring to the genus Salix ... Dave's Botanary
tet-ra-SPERM-a -- four-seeded ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: four-seeded willow, Indian willow • Assamese: ভেহ bhe • Bengali: বিয়াস biyasa, বৈশাখী boishakhi, পানী জমা pani joma • Coorgi: ಭೈಯ್ಯಾ ಮರ bhayya mara • Dogri: बदाह badaah, बैद्दा baidda, बीसा beesa • Garo: bhesh, bol-slak • Gojari: बीसा beesa • Gujarati: વાલુંજ valunj • Hindi: बक्षेल bakshel, बेद लैला bed-laila, बेधा bedha, बेगस begas, बेंत bent, भैन्स bhains, जलमाला jalmala, मगशेर magsher • Jaintia: dieng-um • Kannada: ಬೈಚೆ ಮರ baiche mara, ಹೊಳೆಬೋಸಿ holebosi, ನೀರವಂಜಿ neeravanji • Kashmiri: वीर् vir • Khasi: jamynrei • Konkani: वाळुंज valumj • Ladakhi: selchang • Malayalam: വഞ്ചി vanji • Manipuri: ꯎꯌꯨꯝ ঊযুম ooyum • Mao-Naga: oziisii • Marathi: बाका baaka, बच्चा bachcha, बितसा bitasa, बोक bok, वाळुंज valunj • Mech: besbiphang • Mishing: seemir-asing • Mizo: tuipui suthlah • Nepali: बैंश bainsh • Odia: ବାରିଜ barija, ପାଣି ବେଗୁନିଆ pani begunia • Pahari: बयूंश bayunsh • Punjabi: ਬੇਦ ਲੈਲਾ bed laila • Rajasthani: वेरा vera • Sanskrit: जलवेतस jalavetasa, नादेय nadeya, वानीर vanira, वञ्जुल vanjula, वरुणा varuna • Santali: ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤᱜ gada sigrik • Tamil: ஆற்றுப்பாலை arru-p-palai, சுவேதம் cuvetam, நீர்வஞ்சி nir-vanci • Telugu: కొండగన్నేరు kondaganneru
botanical names: Salix tetrasperma Roxb. ... synonyms: listed at POWO, retrieved 28 July 2024
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Ladakh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal
Names compiled / updated at Names of Plants in India.
Fabaceae (pea, or legume family) » Cassia fistula L.
KASS-ee-uh -- from an ancient Greek name kasia used by Dioscorides ... Dave's Botanary
FIST-yoo-luh -- hollow (tube-like) ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: golden shower, Indian laburnum, purging cassia • Arabic: خيار چنبر khiyar-shanbar • Assamese: কৰ্ণিকাৰ kornikar, ৰাজবৃক্ষ rajobrkhyo, সোণাৰু shonaru • Bengali: বাঁদরলাঠি bandaralathi, সোনালী sonali, সোনালু sonalu • Gujarati: ગરમાળો garmalo • Hindi: अमलतास amaltas, सियार की लाठी siyar-ki lathi • Kannada: ಕಕ್ಕೆಮರ kakkemara, ಕೊಂದೆ konde • Konkani: बाळो balo • Malayalam: കണിക്കൊന്ന kanikkonna, കൊന്ന konna • Manipuri: চহুঈ chahui • Marathi: अमलताश amaltash, बहावा bahava • Mizo: ngai-ngaw • Nepali: अमल्तास् amaltas, राजवृक्ष rajbrichhya • Oriya: ସୁନାରି sunari • Pali: इंदीवर indivara • Persian: خيار چنبر khiyar-shanbar • Punjabi: ਅਲੀਸ alis, ਅੰਬਲਤਾਸ ambaltas • Sanskrit: आरग्वध aragvadha, कर्णिकार karnikara • Tamil: சரக்கொன்றை cara-k-konrai, இதழி itali • Telugu: కోలపొన్న kola ponna, రేల rela, శంపాకము shampakmu • Tibetan: don ga • Urdu: املتاس amaltas
Distribution: widely naturalized / cultivated in tropics; possible origin tropical Asia
References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • Dave's Garden • Wikipedia
¿ sun-TUH-lum ? -- most possibly from Sanskrit chandanam (चन्दनं) ... Wiktionary • Wikipedia
AL-bum -- white ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: Indian sandalwood, white sandalwood • Arabic: صَنْدَل sandal • Assamese: চন্দন sondon • Bengali: চন্দন chandan • Bhojpuri: भारतीय चंदन bharatiya chandan • Bodo: सन्दन sandan • Dogri: चिट्टा चन्नन chitta channan • Gujarati: ચંદન chandan • Hindi: चन्दन chandan, संदल sandal • Kannada: ಭದ್ರಶ್ರೀ bhadrashri, ಶ್ರೀಗಂಧ srigandha • Kashmiri: च़ंदन् ʦandan • Koch: botsam chandan • Konkani: चंदन chandan, गांद gaandh, ಶ್ರೀಗಾಂದ shrigaandh • Malayalam: ചന്ദനം chandanam • Manipuri: ꯆꯟꯗꯟ চংদন chandan • Marathi: चंदन chandan, श्रीखंड shrikhand • Mizo: sawndawn • Nepali: श्रीखण्ड shreekhand • Odia: ଚନ୍ଦନ chandan • Pali: चन्दन chandana • Persian: صندل sandal • Punjabi: ਚੰਦਨ chandan, ਪਰਮਲ parmal, ਸੰਦਲ sandal • Rajasthani: चन्दन chandan • Sanskrit: चन्दनम् chandanam, बर्बरोत्थ barbarottha, भद्रश्री bhadrashri, चन्द्रद्युति chandradyuti, चन्द्रकान्त chandrakanta, एकाङ्ग ekanga, गन्धसार gandhasara, गन्धाढ्य gandhadhya, गन्धराज gandharaja, हिम hima, कोशी koshi, महार्ह maharha, मलयज malayaja, मङ्गल्य mangalya, पराग paraga, पटीर patira, पट्टराग pattaraga, फलकिन् phalakin, पीतसार pitasara, रौहिण rauhina, सारगन्ध saragandha, शीतल shitala, श्रीखण्ड shrikhanda, शुभ्र shubhra, श्वेतसार shvetasara, सित sita, सुगन्ध sugandha, सुक्कडि sukkadi, सुरोत्तर surottara, तैलपर्णी tailaparni, वल्गुक valguka, वर्णक varnaka, वेधक vedhaka, विकट vikata, याम्य yamya, योग्य yogya • Santali: ᱠᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ condon • Sindhi: چَندَنُ chandanu • Tamil: சந்தனம் chandanam • Telugu: శ్రీగంధం srigandham • Tibetan: ཙན་དན tsan-dan • Tulu: ಚಂದನ chandana, ಶ್ರೀಗ೦ಧ shrigandha • Urdu: چندن chandan
botanical names: Santalum album L. ... heterotypic synonyms: Santalum myrtifolium (L.) Roxb. • Sirium myrtifolium L. ... and more at POWO, retrieved 02 August 2024
Fabaceae (pea, or legume family) » Aeschynomene indica
es-kee-no-MEE-nee -- from Greek aeschyn (causing shame); refers to leaves closing up
IN-dih-kuh or in-DEE-kuh -- of or from India
commonly known as: budda pea (in Australia), hard shola pith, Indian jointvetch, kat sola, trailing sesbania • Assamese: কুঁহিলা kuhila • Bengali: কাঠ শোলা kath shola • Hindi: सोला sola • Japanese: kusanemu • Kannada: ಬೆಮ್ಡುಕಸ bemdukasa • Konkani: nalabi • Malayalam: neli-tali • Manipuri: chinggonglei • Marathi: kinomin, nalabi • Nepalese: सोला sola • Oriya: surlo • Portuguese (Brazil): angiquinho, maricazinho, papquinha, pinheirinho • Tamil: கோத்திரம் kottiram, நெட்டிவகை netti-vakkai, தக்கை takkai • Telugu: జీలుగబెండు jiluga bendu, తీగజీలుగ tiga jiluga
Distribution: naturalized in paleotropics & West Indies, exact native range obscure
References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • FAO • PIER species info • eFlora
Assamese handicrafts for sale at the Kamakya Temple in the hills just above Guwahati
Scanned from a print (mine)
Bombacaceae (baobab family) » Bombax ceiba
BOM-baks -- from the Greek bombyx (silk), referring to the silken fibers from this tree
SAY-buh -- Latinized form of the South American name for this tree
commonly known as: Indian cottonwood, Indian kapok, red silk-cotton tree, simal tree • Assamese: himila, himolu • Bengali: katseori, roktosimul • Hindi: कांटीसेंबल kaantisenbal, रक्त सेंबल rakta senbal, सेमल semal, सेमर कंद semar kanda, सेमुल semul, सेमुर semur, शेंबल shembal, शिंबल shimbal, सिमल simal, सिमुल simul • Kannada: ಕೆಮ್ಪುಬೂರುಗ kempuburuga • Malayalam: mullilavu • Manipuri: tera • Marathi: शाल्मली shaalmali, सांवर saanvar, सांवरी saanvari, सौर saura • Mizo: pang, phunchawng • Oriya: similikonta • Sanskrit: शाल्मली shaalmali, शल्मली shalmali • Tamil: இலவு ilavu, பூலா puulaa, முள்ளிலவு mullilavu • Telugu: బూరుగ buruga
Origin: tropical southern Asia, northern Australia
References: Flowers of India • Dave's Garden • Wikipedia
19th August 2012 at Gunnersbury Park (Community Stage), London W3 (at London Mela).
The Dhol is found across the Indian subcontinent, but is particularly associated with the Punjab. The size can be different in different regions. It was probably introduced to India in the 15th century from Persia. Different sounds are obtained from striking the two ends (one bass and one higher).
The Assamese Dhol is distinguished by its small size and comparatively large sound. It is made from jackfruit or mango wood with one end goat skin and the other cow skin. The former is played with the bare hand and the other a bamboo stick.
Dhols are assigned the number 211.222.1 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
21 = Struck Membranophones. Sound is produced by hitting the drumskin with a hand or object.
211 = Directly Struck Membranophones. Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly.
211.2 = Tubular Drums. Instruments in which the body is tubular.
211.22 = Barrel Drums. Instruments in which the body is barrel-shaped.
211.222 = Instruments which have two usable membranes.
211.222.1 = single instruments.
Anacardiaceae (cashew family) » Spondias pinnata
SPON-dee-as -- Greek name for plum
pin-NAY-tuh -- meaning, feather-shaped
commonly known as: Andaman mombin, Indian hog plum, Indian mombin, wild mango • Assamese: আমৰা aamrata • Bengali আমড়া aamada, আম্রাত aamraata, আম্রাতক aamraataka • Chinese: 槟榔青 bing lang qing • Garo: amatenga • Gujarati: અંબાડાં ambaada • Hindi: अम्बाड़ा ambara, अम्बाड़ी ambari, अमरा amra, भृङ्गी फल bhringi-phal, मेटुला metula, पशु हरितकी pashu-haritaki, पीतन pitan • Khasi: dieng-sohpier • Konkani: आंबाडे ambade, आंबाडो ambado • Malayalam: അമ്പഴം ampazham • Manipuri: eikhoi • Marathi: अमडा amada, अंबाडा ambada, ढोलआंबा dholamba, खटांबा khatamba, रानआंबा ranamba • Mizo: tawitaw • Nepalese: अमारो amaro • Oriya: ambaada • Sanskrit: आम्रात aamraata, अम्रातकः amraatakah, मेटुला metula, पीतनः pitan • Tamil: கிஞ்சம் kincam, புளிமா pulima • Telugu: అడవిమామిడి adavimamidi, అధ్వము adhvamu, అంబాళము ambalamu • Tibetan: a mra ta ka
Native to: China, Indian sub-continent, Indo-China, Malesia; widely cultivated
References: eFlora • Digital Dictionaries of South Asia • ENVIS - FRLHT
Boraginaceae (forget-me-not family) » Cordia dichotoma
KOR-dee-uh -- named for Valerius Cordus, 16th century German botanist
dy-KAW-toh-muh -- meaning, divided or forked in pairs
commonly known as: bird lime tree, clammy cherry, fragrant manjack, Indian cherry, Sebesten plum • Assamese: goborsuta • Bengali: bahubara • Gujarati: વદો ગુંદો vado gundo • Hindi: बहूआर bahuar, गुन्दा gunda, लसोड़ा lasora • Kannada: ಚಳ್ಳೆ ಹಣ್ಣು challe hannu • Malayalam: നറുവേലി naruveeli, വിരശം virasam, വിരി viri • Marathi: भोकर bhokar, गोंदणी gondani, गोंधण gondhan • Sanskrit: बहुक bahuka, बहुवारः bahuvaraha, उद्दलक uddalaka • Tamil: நறுவல்லி naru-valli, விரிசு viricu • Telugu: నెక్కర nekkara, శ్లేష్మాతకము slesmatakamu, విరిగి virigi • Urdu: سپستان sipistan
Native to: China, eastern Asia, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia, northern Australia, south-western Pacific
References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • PIER • World Agroforestry Centre
Tetramelaceae (false hemp family) » Tetrameles nudiflora
tet-ra-MEL-eez -- from the Greek tetra (four) and melos (limb); referring to 4-merous flower
noo-dee-FLOR-uh -- naked flower, usually referring to flowering prior to leaf emergence
commonly known as: false hemp tree • Assamese: bhelu • Bengali: chundul • Garo: awek, bol bok, dumbong • Hindi: jungli dungy • Kannada: ಕಾಡು ಬೆಂಡೆ kaadu bende • Malayalam: ചീനി cheeni, വെള്ളച്ചീനി vellacheeni • Marathi: जंगली भेंडी jangali bhendi • Nepali: मैन्-काठ् main-kath • Tamil: சீனி chini, சோலை colai
Native of: s-w China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia, n-e Australia
References: Flowers of India • Biotik • eFlora • globinmed • NPGS / GRIN • Wikipedia • ENVIS - FRLHT • DDSA
sal-va-DOR-a -- named for an apothecary of Barcelona, Jaime Salvador y Pedrol ... Dave's Botanary • Wikipedia
PER-see-kuh -- of or from Persia ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: mustard tree, toothbrush tree • Arabic: أراك arak • Assamese: আৰাক arak, ইৰাক irak • Bengali: পার্সি মেসওয়াক parsi meswak • Bodo: ডিগাৰু digaru • Gujarati: ખારીજાર kharijar, પીલુ pilu • Hadauti: संधोड्यो sandhodiyo • Hindi: जाल jaal, खरजाल kharjaal, मेस्वाक meswak, पीलु pilu • Kachchhi: ખારી જાર khari jar, પીલુ pilu • Kannada: ಕರಿಗೋಣಿ ಮರ karigoni mara • Malayalam: ഉകമരം ukamaram • Marathi: खाकण khakan, मिरजोली mirjoli, पिलु pilu • Nepali: पिलु pilu • Odia: ଧାରୀ dhari, ପୀଲୁ pilu, ପୀଲୁପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣୀ piluparnni, ମୃଦୁଚ୍ଛଦ mruduchchhada, ଶୀତ ଫଳ sita phala • Persian: درخت مسواک darakht-e-misvak • Punjabi: ਪੀਲੂ pilu • Rajasthani: खारा जाल khara jaal • Sanskrit: धानिन् dhanin, धारिन् dharin, गुडफल gudaphala, पीलु pilu, शाखिन् shakhin, शीतसह shitasaha, स्रंसिन् sramsin, वामापीडन vamapidana, विरेचन virechana • Sindhi: ડિયાર diyar, کبڙ khabbar, ઝાલ jhaal • Tamil: பெருவிளா peru-vila, பீலு pilu, உகாய் ukay • Telugu: గున్నంగి gunnangi • Tulu: ಕಿರ್ಗೋಂಜಿ kirgonji • Urdu: پيلو pilu
botanical names: Salvadora persica L. ... accepted infraspecifics & synonyms listed at POWO, retrieved 31 July 2024
Kamakhya (Assamese: কামাখ্যা দেৱী), is an important Hindu Tantric goddess of desire who evolved in the Himalayan hills. She is also identified as Kali and Maha Tripura Sundari. According to the Tantric texts (Kalika Purana, Yogini Tantra) that are the basis for her worship at the Kamakhya temple, a 16th-century temple in the Kamrup district of Assam. The earlier manifest of the goddess sanctified at the Garo hills is destroyed, although the Vatsayana priests are said to have carried away the manifest of the goddess to the Hindu kingdom in Kashmir and later sanctified in a remote hill forest in Himachal. Her name means "renowned goddess of desire," and she resides at the presently rebuilt Kamakhya Temple in 1645 C. The temple is primary amongst the 51 Shakti Peethas related to the sect that follows Sati, and remains one of the most important Shakta temples and Hindu pilgrimage sites in the world.
Contents [hide]
1Origins
2Identity
3Iconography
Origins[edit source]
The origin of worship 'Shakti' at the site is associated with the legend of Sati, who was the wife of the ascetic god Shiva and daughter of the Puranic god-king Daksha. Daksha was unhappy with his daughter's choice of husband, and when he performed a grand Yajna for all the deities, he did not invite Shiva or Sati. In a rage, Sati threw herself onto the fire, knowing that this would make the sacrifice impure. Because she was the all-powerful mother goddess, Sati left her body in that moment to be reborn as the goddess Parvati. Meanwhile, Shiva was stricken with grief and rage at the loss of his wife. He put Sati's body over his shoulder and began his tandava (dance of cosmic destruction) throughout the heavens, and vowed not to stop until the body was completely rotted away. The other Gods, afraid of their annihilation, implored Vishnu to pacify Shiva. Thus, wherever Shiva wandered while dancing, Vishnu followed. He sent his discus Sudarshana to destroy the corpse of Sati. Pieces of her body fell until Shiva was left without a body to carry. Seeing this, Shiva sat down to do Mahatapasya (great penance). Despite the similarity in name, scholars do not generally believe that this legend gave rise to the practice of sati or the voluntary giving of the wife's body on the pyre of her husband .[1]
According to various myths and traditions, there are 51 pieces of Sati's body scattered across the Indian subcontinent. These places are called shakti peethas and are dedicated to various powerful goddesses. Kamarupa ("form of desire") is the region in which the yoni ("vulva," "womb," or "source") is said to have fallen to earth, and the Kamakhya temple was said to have been constructed on this spot.
Identity[edit source]
Kamakhya is mentioned in the Kalika Purana as the most important goddess of Tantric worship, and is referred to in the text as Mahamaya, the "great goddess of illusion", who takes on many forms depending on her mood. Devotees also call her Kameshwari ("beloved goddess of desire"), and consider her a form of Maha Tripura Sundari, also called Shodashi. She is identified with Kali in the Kalika Purana, Yoginitantra and Kamakhya Tantra, each of which echoes this verse:[2]
"It is certainly well known that Kamakhya is truly none other than that mother goddess Kali, who is in all things the form of wisdom."
Kamakhya is associated with the Dasa Mahavidyas, who each have temples dedicated to them at the Kamakhya temple complex in Assam. She is also closely associated with Durga.
Four Adi Shakti Peethas
The great mythological texts including the Kalika Purana (the Asthashakti) and various Tantras recognize the four major Shakti Peethas as Adi Shakti Peethas. Like (Bimala, Pada Khanda) inside the Jagannath Temple, Puri, Odisha, (Tara Tarini) Sthana Khanda (Breasts), near Brahmapur, Odisha, (Kamakhya, Yoni khanda) near Guwahati, Assam and (Dakhina Kalika, Mukha khanda) in Kolkata, West Bengal originated from the limbs of the Corpse of Mata Sati. In a hymn, the Kalika Purana (Asthashakti) clearly says:
[[“Vimala Pada khandancha,
Stana khandancha Tarini (Tara Tarini),
Kamakhya Yoni khandancha,
Mukha khandancha Kalika (Kali)
Anga pratyanga sangena
Vishnu Chakra Kshate nacha……”]]
Peetha Body Part Place
Vimala Pada khanda Puri, Odisha
Tara Tarini Stana khanda Brahmapur, Odisha
Kamakhya Yoni khanda Guwahati, Assam
Dakshina Kalika Mukha khanda Kolkata, West Bengal
Mantras for general worship of the Mahavidyas at the Kamakhya temple complex reveal a close identity with Kamakhya herself. Several of these goddesses are worshipped as forms of Kamakhya explicitly.[3]
Iconography[edit source]
Kamakhya is pictured as a young goddess, 16 years old, with twelve arms and six heads of varying colors, representing a powerful goddess who is omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent. She is ornately dressed, typically wearing a red sari, opulent jewelry and red flowers such as hibiscus.
She holds in each of ten hands a lotus, trident, sword, bell, discus, bow, arrows, club or scepter, goad, and shield. Her remaining two hands hold a bowl, which is made either of gold or a skull.
She is seated upon a lotus, which emerges from the navel of Lord Shiva, who in turn lies atop a lion.
To each side of her sit Brahma and Vishnu, who are each seated upon a lotus, as well.
See also[edit source]
Kamakhya Temple
Ambubachi Mela
Kamakshi
try-kos-ANTH-us -- from the Greek trichos (hairy) and anthos (flowers) ... Dave's Botanary
brak-tee-AY-tuh -- having bracts (modified leaves directly beneath the flower) ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: bitter snake gourd, redball snake gourd • Apatani: bullung koa • Assamese: ইন্দ্ৰায়ণ indrayan, কোৱাভাতুৰী kowabhaturi, মহাকাল mahakal • Bengali: মাকাল makal, লাল ইন্দ্রায়ন lal indrayan • Galo: sojar-momar • Garhwali: इलारु ilaru • Gujarati: મહાકાલ mahakal, રાતા ઈન્દ્રાંમણા rata indramana • Hindi: लाल इंद्रायन lal indrayan, पातालकोहड़ा patalkohra • Kannada: ಅವಗೂದೆ avagoode, ಕಾಗೆಮಾರೆ ಬಳ್ಳಿ kaagemaare balli, ಕಾಗೆಮೋರೆ kaagemore, ಕಾಕಿಮಂಡಲಿ kaakimandali • Khasi: u-soh-lyn-shang • Kokborok: makal • Kol: कौबुटकी kaubutki • Konkani: कौंडळ koundal, मुकाल mukal • Kumaoni: इलारु ilaru, इंदराइन indarain • Malayalam: കാക്കത്തൊണ്ടി kaakkathondi • Marathi: कवंडळ kavandal, मुकाल mukal • Maring: umkha • Mizo: choâka ûm • Nepali: इन्द्रेणी indrenee • Nyishi: rikay, yappen • Odia: କିମ୍ପାକ kimpaka, ମହାକାଳ mahakala, ମହେନ୍ଦ୍ର ବାରୁଣୀ mahendra baruni, ମକିର୍ଲା makirla, ସୌମ୍ଯା saumya, ଶଲରା salara • Pahari: बिम्बेल bimbel • Rajasthani: बडी आंखफोड badi ankhphod • Sanskrit: आत्मरक्षा atmaraksha, किम्पाक kimpaka, महाकाल mahakala, वेग vega • Tagin: yappen • Tamil: குறட்டை kurattai • Telugu: అబూద తీగ aabuda teega, అవ్వదూత avvadootha, అవగూద avvagooda, అవ్వపండు avvapandu, కాకి దొండ kaaki donda, పాపర paapara • Tulu: ಕಾಕ್ಕೆಮನೊಳಿ kakkemanoli, ಕಾಕ್ಕತೊಂಡಿ kakkathondi
botanical names: Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt ... homotypic synonyms: Anguina bracteata (Lam.) Kuntze • Modecca bracteata Lam. ... heterotypic synonyms: Trichosanthes palmata Roxb. ... and more at POWO, retrieved 18 November 2024
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
Andaman & Nicobar islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal
Names compiled / updated at Names of Plants in India.
Sapindaceae (soapberry family) » Sapindus mukorossi
sap-IN-dus or SAP-in-dus -- from the Latin sapo (soap) and indicus (Indian)
moo-kew-ROW-zee -- from transcribed Japanese mukuroji
commonly known as: Chinese soapberry, north Indian soapnut • Assamese: হাইঠা aritha • Chinese: 无患子 wu huan zi • Hindi: फेनिल phenil, रिष्ट risht, रिष्टक rishtak, रीठा ritha • Japanese: ムクロジ. mukuroji • Marathi: फेनिल phenil • Mizo: hlingsi • Nepalese: रीट्ठा rittha • Prakrit: रिट्ठओः ritthaoh • Sanskrit: हृष्टः hrishtah, फेनका phenaka, फेनिल phenil, रिष्टः rishtah, रिष्टक rishtak, रीठा rita, सारिष्ट sarishta, ऊर्ध्वशोधनः urdhvashodhanah • Urdu: پهينل phenil, ريٿها ritha
Native to: e. & s. China, Japan, Nepal, Bhutan, n. & n.e India, Indo-China
References: Sapindus Mukorossi • ENVIS - FRLHT • NPGS / GRIN • Haryana Online
¿ pou-ZOL-zee-uh ? -- named for the French botanist Marie Casimir de Pouzolz ... Wikipedia
zey-LAN-ee-kuh -- of or from Ceylon (Sri Lanka) ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: graceful Pouzolz's bush • Adi: oyik • Assamese: বৰালি বকুৱা borali bokua, দুধমুৰ dudhmor, গাখীৰতী gakhiroti • Bengali: কুল্লারুকি kullaruki • Gujarati: સિંહલ પૂઝોલ sinhal pouzol • Kannada: ಕಲ್ಲುರುಕ್ಕಿ kallurukki • Kokborok: lajon turi • Malayalam: കൽച്ചീര kacchira, കല്ലുരുക്കി kallurukki, നെയ്ചീര neychira, നെയ്ത്തുമ്പ neythumpa • Marathi: सिंहल पूझोल sinhal pouzol • Nepali: बन पाते ban paate, बारबेरे baarabere, चिप्ले झार chiple jhaar, मास लहरी maas laharee, नीचा साग nichaa saag • Nyishi: notke • Tamil: கல்லுருக்கி kallurukki, நீர்ச்சின்னி nir-c-cinni • Telugu: ఎద్దుముట్టె దుంప eddu-mutte dumpa, ఉచ్చగడ్డ vuchchagadda • Tulu: ಕಲ್ಲುರುಕ್ಕಿ kallurukki
botanical names: Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. ... accepted infraspecifics: Pouzolzia zeylanica var. zeylanica ... heterotypic synonyms: Pouzolzia indica (L.) Wight • Pouzolzia glomerata Decne. • Urtica glomerata J.G.Klein ex Willd. ... many more listed at POWO, retrieved 15 May 2024
Sterculiaceae (cacao family) » Sterculia urens
stur-KEW-lee-uh -- named after the Latin god Sterculius
UR-ens -- meaning, stinging
commonly known as: bassora tragacanth, Indian tragacanth, karaya tree • Assamese: odla • Gujarati: કોગડોલ kogdol • Hindi: गुलु gulu, कराया karaya, कतीरा katira, कुलु kulu • Kannada: kempudale, pinari • Konkani: पांडरूख pandrukh • Malayalam: അണ്ണാന്വഴുക്കി annaanvazhukki, തീത്തൊണ്ടി thiiththonti, തൊണ്ടി thonti • Marathi: कांडोळ kandol, कावळी kawali • Oriya: gudalo • Rajasthani: katila • Tamil: குதிரைப்பிடுக்கன் kutiraippitukkan, செந்தணக்கு centanakku, வெல்லை பூத்தாளி vellai-puthali • Telugu: తపసి ట్టు tapasi chettu
Native of: India
References: Flowers of India • Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh • World Agroforestry Centre