Archaeology & People
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was to bury it, and then some archaeologist went and dug it all up :-)
― Karl Pilkington
HFF!!
tricyrtis, toad lily, j c raulston arboretum, ncsu, Raleigh, north carolina
The little archaeologist goes for a ride…
Keep exploring.
Keep taking risks.
Keep shining bright, my friends!
After the crash landing, the little archaeologist gets to work…
Let's keep exploring, discovering, and blazing trails.
Let's keep working together to build
a world founded on kindness and compassion.
And let's keep shining bright, my friends!
Dear future archaeologists, anthropologists, or historians,
I hope by the time you uncover this Time Capsule, a global swift action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions was implemented and that your global average temperature is only raised by 1.8°F (1°C), instead of the scary 7.2°F (4°C).
I hope your sunset view at Sunset View Overlook at Black Canyon of the Gunnison is as beautiful as mine!
Yours truly,
The Time Encapsulator
PS: No need to look up the word "encapsulator", it only exists in my very own dictionary!
PPS: It's not my globe and I was so tempted to re-position it but doing that would be rude to the owner.
In the summer of 2011, archaeologists from the Norwegian Maritime Museum (formerly the Norwegian Maritime Museum) examined a wreck discovery in Ulvøysund west in Høvåg. Based on the C14 analysis of a reindeer animal, the ship turned out to be wrecked in the first half of the 1000s. Due to the cargo, which with the exception of the antler and a large stack of mill stones from Sogn og Fjordane, has decayed, it is clear that this was a merchant ship. Norrøn literature often writes that you sailed up and down the Norwegian coast (Nordvegen), here is tangible evidence that the trade route entered Ulvøysund and followed Blindleia eastwards.
Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress which dominates the skyline of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, from its position on the Castle Rock. Archaeologists have established human occupation of the rock since at least the Iron Age (2nd century AD), although the nature of the early settlement is unclear. There has been a royal castle on the rock since at least the reign of David I in the 12th century, and the site continued to be a royal residence until 1633. From the 15th century the castle's residential role declined, and by the 17th century it was principally used as military barracks with a large garrison. Its importance as a part of Scotland's national heritage was recognised increasingly from the early 19th century onwards, and various restoration programmes have been carried out over the past century and a half. As one of the most important strongholds in the Kingdom of Scotland, Edinburgh Castle was involved in many historical conflicts from the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 14th century to the Jacobite rising of 1745. Research undertaken in 2014 identified 26 sieges in its 1100-year-old history, giving it a claim to having been "the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world"
As in other Inca sites, the walls and doors were raised to merge and blend with the natural rocks, in a symmetrical and controlled way. According to some archaeologists, the site of Tambomachay, commonly known as the bath of the Inca, was a kind of spa reserved for the Inca and his retinue, who came there to perform their sacred ablutions.
Fonthill Castle, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, was the home of the archaeologist and tile maker Henry Chapman Mercer. Built between 1908 and 1912 by Mercer himself and a team of workers, it is a large house and not a castle, and an early example of poured-in-place concrete. Fonthill defies any classification or categorization into architectural styles or modes.
The estate of Fonthill is one of the pioneer examples of using reinforced concrete as a building medium.
Fonthill is described by Dr. Mercer as coming from various sources, some of which are Byzantine Churches in Greece, Mount St. Michel in France, a Turkish house in Salonica, and the paintings of Gerard Dow.
For all the time of its existence, fortress has changed 3 names. The original name is Agarani (historians have identified it as Kojris tsikhe). It is located on Mount Azeula (Trialeti Ridge). The exact date of construction of the fortress is unknown. According to archaeologists, it was built in the late eighth-early ninth century. It controlled the caravan route from Gardabani to Shida Kartli and from Tbilisi to Trialeti.
Since 1080, the fortress passes to the Seljuk Turks. Under their rule, the name Ker Oglu appears. This name is common to this day. Then the fortress passes to Emir Fadlun.
1118. The fortress was recaptured by David IV Agmashenebeli (the Builder) from the Ganja Emir Fadlun. After some time, the fortress again passes to the emir, then, after three months of fighting, the fortress again passed to David. In 1123, David IV gave the fortress to Prince Ioane Orbeli.
1177. The fortress appears in the history of the uprising against Tsar George III (the father of Queen Tamar). The princes of Orbeli (or Orbeliani) did not share something with the king, they made a noise. The rebels took refuge in the fortress, and in the same year the fortress was taken by storm. As a result, the Knizia were defeated, losing all their lands.
And what about without Queen Tamar (1184-1212). The chronicles mention that Tamara, who was seriously ill, spent about six months here.
Since the XV century, Agarani belongs to the Solagashvili family and appears in the sources as Kojris-tsikhe. The ruins of the Kabensky Monastery are relatively close by. One of the churches was a tomb of this kind.
In 1488, Iranian troops besieged the Kojor fortress. After that, the fortress does not particularly appear in the chronicles. Only the appearance of the palace in the XVII century is mentioned. There were no other key events in the history of the fortress.
In 1938, the writer Agatha Christie and her husband, the archaeologist Max Mallowan, were becoming disenchanted with their home in nearby Torquay. The town had changed in the previous years, and the once uninterrupted view of the sea from the house became obstructed with new buildings.Looking around south Devon, Christie saw Greenway was available. She had seen the property during her youth and always thought it "the most perfect of the various properties on the Dart". In her later autobiography she wrote:
One day we saw that a house was up for sale that I had known when I was young ... So we went over to Greenway, and very beautiful the house and grounds were. A white Georgian house of about 1780 or 90, with woods sweeping down to the Dart below, and a lot of fine shrubs and trees – the ideal house, a dream house.
The house was occupied by Christie and Mallowan until their deaths in 1976 and 1978 respectively, and featured, under various guises, in several of Christie's novels. Christie's daughter Rosalind Hicks and her husband Anthony lived in the house from 1968 until Rosalind's death in 2004.
Information by Wikipedia.
Texture's & Effect's by William Walton & Topaz.
In April 2001, Egyptian archaeologists discovered 22 mummies in Bahariya, some 350 kilometres from Cairo. They date back to the 6th century BC and were neatly divided into two tombs.
Shortly afterwards, while traveling through the White Desert, I had the exceptional opportunity to descend into one of the (dark) tombs with an Egyptian friend. There I discovered this untouched sarcophagus of a mother with her child's mummy on top of her (lying horizontal).
In Switzerland, archaeologists unearthed a door from the Stone Age in 2010. A wooden door with a doorknob that is 5,000 years old and thus the only one of its kind in all of Europe. We also know that the Romans already used doorknobs for their 'apartments' (insulae), sometimes also together with locks with keys. In the thirties, bronze door handles were also found on ships at Lake Nemi in Italy. www.weijntjes.nl/kennisbank/geschiedenis-van-de-deurkruk#....
On a small peninsula in the bay of Sveti Marak, above the small sandy beach on the island of Krk there is a church dedicated to St Mark. First writen mentioned has been in the Bishop's Visitation of 1565, but the style of the construction reveals that it is much older. It was probably built at the end of the 12th century and beginning of the 13th century, but it has been abandoned from 1790. Archaeologists found ancient remains around the church and under the sea they discovered the remains of a villa rustica, indicating that it was inhabited in Roman times.
The canyon widens after 400 metres (1,300 ft). In this open area many of the sandstone walls have had openings carved into them; they were used as dwellings. On the south face is a colonnaded triclinium with a projecting pedimented portico that archaeologists believe was used as a temple, though they know very little about it.
The canyon then narrows again for another 50 m (150 ft), leading to another, smaller open area. The carved openings are even more numerous here, including four large triclinia. Archaeologists believe these spaces could have been used to entertain visiting merchants.
I wonder what that crashing sound is?
Location: Sunny’s Studio
Pose: I Found His Heart
Body:
Foxy - Aura with Cap @Collabor88
Outfit:
Archaeologists found remains of a building believed to be that of an old Malay palace on Fort Canning hill. Blue and white Chinese porcelain were found too.
The Valles Caldera is one of the most interesting destinations along the Jemez Mountain Trail.
Humans have inhabited and hunted the Valles Caldera since prehistoric times. Archaeologists have found spear points over 11,000 years old. Several indigenous tribes frequented the caldera, often migrating seasonally to hunt. They mined obsidian for spear and arrow points and used it for trade. Geologists have found obsidian from the Valles Caldera across the Southwest.
Many sites in the caldera are culturally significant to the neighboring pueblos, and all of the land is considered sacred.
European interests in the area began in the sixteenth century with the Spanish conquistadores, who claimed the land in the name of Philip II of Spain. The Nuevo México Province was created by Philip II of Spain and was officially settled during an expedition led by Juan de Oñate in 1598.
"Ownership rights" in the caldera were granted by the King of Spain as part of a Spanish land grant. When New Mexico became a territory of the United States in 1848, commercial ranching and logging interests moved into the caldera, which provoked conflict with the existing inhabitants. The caldera was a backdrop for the Indian wars with the U.S Army from 1850-1880.
In 1876 the caldera became part of the Baca Ranch, as as compensation for the termination of a prior land grant given to their family near Las Vegas during the colonial period.
During its operation as the Baca Ranch, it was over grazed and over logged. It was sold to the federal government in 2000 for $101 million.
When it became a National Preserve in December, 2013, the 89,000 acres of the Valles Caldera Preserve became accessible to the public. Some sacred sites were returned to the pueblos;
The 13.7-mile wide caldera is one of three “supervolcanoes” in the United States; the others are in Yellowstone Caldera in Wyoming, and Long Valley Caldera in California. The last time the Valles Caldera erupted it emitted 150 cubic miles of lava, propelling ash as far as Iowa. That was 1.2 million years ago.
The mountain on the left is the highest point in the caldera, Redondo Peak, with an elevation of 11,253 ft (3,430 m). It is a resurgent lava dome located entirely within the caldera. Redondito to the right, on the edge of the Valles Calderos in Northern New Mexico. You can see the park headquarters in the lower right.
Happy Mountain Monday!
Take care and stay safe. Thanks for stopping by and for all of your support -- I deeply appreciate it.
© Melissa Post 2020
Only in the late 1950s did British archaeologist Diana Kirkbride supplement her excavations at Petra itself with digs in the Beidha area, which included Little Petra, not described as a separate site at the time. Those digs continued until 1983, two years before UNESCO inscribed the Petra area, including Beidha and Little Petra, as a World Heritage Site.
Unlike Petra, the buildings of Siq al-Barad were not tombs, although they look very similar. Little Petra acted as a rest-station for travellers to do business and feast in the cool rooms of the canyon.
Archaeologists exploring a cave in Spain in 1935 found baskets of poppy capsules laid beside human remains dating back to 4000 BC. On a 3,000-year-old statue from Minoan Crete, a Poppy Goddess statue wears an opium poppy headdress. According to classical Greek myths, poppies flowered along the banks of the River Lethe which flowed to Hades, and from which the dead had to drink to forget their former existence in the world of the living. Its petals are the colour of blood, and the opium poppy is a source of morphine, a powerful painkiller which made the physical agonies of war more bearable, and which was a derivative of opium.
Built between 1908-1912, Fonthill Castle was the home of archaeologist, anthropologist, ceramist, scholar and antiquarian Henry Chapman Mercer (1856-1930). Mercer built Fonthill Castle as his home and as a showplace for his collection of tiles and prints.
Built between 1908-1912, Fonthill was the home of Henry Chapman Mercer (1856-1930). Archaeologist, anthropologist, ceramist, scholar and antiquarian, Mercer built Fonthill both as his home and as a showplace for his collection of tiles and prints. The first of three Mercer buildings in Doylestown, Fonthill served as a showplace for Mercer’s famed Moravian tiles that were produced during the American Arts & Crafts Movement. Designed by Mercer, the building is an eclectic mix of Medieval, Gothic, and Byzantine architectural styles, and is significant as an early example of poured reinforced concrete 117
Wadi Rum liegt östlich der Stadt Akaba, südlich der Stadt Maʿan und parallel zur im Westen liegenden Aravasenke. Das Wadi ist ein Gebiet mit einer Länge von etwa 100 Kilometern und einer Breite von etwa 60 Kilometern. Es liegt auf etwa 800 m Höhe, wobei die höchsten Erhebungen der Jebel Um Adaami mit 1832 m und der Dschabal Ram mit 1754 m sind.
Wadi Rum (Arabic: وادي رم) also known as The Valley of the Moon (Arabic: وادي القمر) is a valley cut into the sandstone and granite rock in southern Jordan 60 km (37 mi) to the east of Aqaba; it is the largest wadi in Jordan.[1] The name Rum most likely comes from an Aramaic root meaning 'high' or 'elevated'.[2] To reflect its proper Arabic pronunciation, archaeologists transcribe it as Wadi Ramm (Wikipedia)
Many archaeologists suggest that the statues were thus symbols of authority and power, both religious and political. Archaeologists believe that the statues were a representation of the ancient Polynesians' ancestors. The moai statues face away from the ocean and towards the villages as if to watch over the people. The exception is the seven Ahu Akivi which face out to sea to help travelers find the island.
Wat Khao Angkhan is a modern Thai buddhist temple located 20 km west of Prasat Phanom Rung in the Buri Ram province of Thailand.
It is situated on an extinct volcano like Phanom Rung and is also an archaeological site of Dvaravati Culture. It is a Theravada Buddhist culture of Mon people thrived in southern Thailand and southern Myanmar from the 6th to 11th century. It is a predecessor of Khmers, and Mon is an Austroasiatic people like Khmers.
This photo shows that Wat Khao Angkhan is constructed on a Dvaravati archaeological site. Please note the building in the left built on the rubble.
Ancestors of Puebloan people who once lived in the Mogollon area built the Gila Cliff Dwellings. The Mogollon Peoples are believed to have inhabited the region from between 1275 and into the early 14th century, during the Pueblo III Era.
There are five cliff alcoves above Cliff Dweller Canyon.
Archaeologists have identified 46 rooms in the five caves and believed they were occupied by 10 to 15 families.
Wupatki National Monument, Flagstaff, Arizona
The archaeologists are speculating this structure to be a variation of the typical Meso-American ball courts found scattered about Mexico, which spanned a time range of 1200-400 BC ( Olmecs ) up through the Aztecs ( 1200-1500 AD ).
I don't concur. While these northern Sinagua / Anasazi peoples MAY have had some contact with their southern neighbors through trade channels ( roughly 1000 AD ), the structure bears no resemblance to the hooped basketball type game played in Meso America. There is no room for any sort of sporting movement ( maybe marbles? ) nor significant audience seating and It is far more akin to an intimate open air kiva, which is endemic to that culture and spread throughout the Southwest.
Archaeologists have discovered a railway turntable from 1837 whilst digging for HS2, I captured this from a train I was working when passing Curzon Street, Birmingham.
Wadi Rum liegt östlich der Stadt Akaba, südlich der Stadt Maʿan und parallel zur im Westen liegenden Aravasenke. Das Wadi ist ein Gebiet mit einer Länge von etwa 100 Kilometern und einer Breite von etwa 60 Kilometern. Es liegt auf etwa 800 m Höhe, wobei die höchsten Erhebungen der Jebel Um Adaami mit 1832 m und der Dschabal Ram mit 1754 m sind.
Wadi Rum (Arabic: وادي رم) also known as The Valley of the Moon (Arabic: وادي القمر) is a valley cut into the sandstone and granite rock in southern Jordan 60 km (37 mi) to the east of Aqaba; it is the largest wadi in Jordan. The name Rum most likely comes from an Aramaic root meaning 'high' or 'elevated'. To reflect its proper Arabic pronunciation, archaeologists transcribe it as Wadi Ramm
(Wikipedia)
Fonthill, also known as Fonthill Castle, was the home of the American archaeologist and tile maker Henry Chapman Mercer, in Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
Built between 1908 and 1912, Fonthill Castle is an early example of poured-in-place concrete and features 44 rooms, over 200 windows, 18 fireplaces, 10 bathrooms and one powder room. The interior was originally painted in pastel colors, but age and sunlight have all but eradicated any hint of the former hues. One room in the Terrace Pavilion (built on the site of the former home's barn), has a restored paint job so visitors can view the home's former glory. The castle contains built-in furniture and is embellished with decorative tiles, made by Mercer at the height of the Arts and Crafts movement. The castle is filled with an extensive collection of ceramics embedded in the concrete of the house, as well as other artifacts from Mercer's world travels, including cuneiform tablets discovered in Mesopotamia dating back to over 2300 BCE. The home also contains around 1,000 prints from Mercer's extensive collection, as well as over six thousand books, almost all of which were annotated by Mercer himself.
Archaeologists and art historians value inscriptions on ancient monuments because these can provide information about patronage, dating, and purpose that is otherwise difficult to come by. In the case of the Pantheon, however, the inscription on the frieze—in raised bronze letters (modern replacements) easily deceives, as it did for many centuries. It identifies, in abbreviated Latin, the Roman general and consul (the highest elected official of the Roman Republic) Marcus Agrippa (who lived in the first century B.C.E.) as the patron: “Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, thrice Consul, built this”. The inscription was taken at face value until 1892, when a well-documented interpretation of stamped bricks found in and around the building showed that the Pantheon standing today was a rebuilding of an earlier structure, and that it was a product of Emperor Hadrian’s ( who ruled from 117-138 C.E.).
Imagine archaeologists thousands of years from now, and from wherever, are digging up the holy city of Wetzlar. They would find things like these: Elmars! They would probably be ignorant that we are dealing here with the 1950s to early 1960s Leitz Elmar 4/135mm and the two collapsible 4/90mm and 2.8/50 lenses. Whenever archaeologists can't explain an object they tend to declare it as "ritual" or as "religious". Of course they would discover the optical capabilities of these tubular objects, but explaining them is quite a different matter. One theory, I would think, would explain the lenses as a priestly device to focus more closely on the divine. Or, alternatively, as a concentrator of divine light which could then be "collected" and passed on as a blessing to the believers. Pure photography, isn't it? Fuji X-Pro3.
Ophelia had just left her families home that was in a small town know for best mechanics of the Empire to became a world class Adventurer and Archaeologist.
She hopes to find Adventure and Wisdom but most of all Treasures and maybe even the Perfect Man!! One that is faithful, Cute, Strong and all ways dose what she wants to do... No matter how much shopping it is ^_^
It would seem well this little darling was out looking for Archaeologist things She had happened across this Star and just like that she picked it up.
I wander what this Treasure might lead me to, Thought Ophelia as she unknowingly had locked her fate with the others that wore heading to the Star Forge.
Will this little darling find Treasure a long her path?
Or is she headed to Certain Doom?
Freunde des Apfels treffen auf uralte Bauwerke...
So könnte man es auch beschreiben.
das Foto wurde während meines Besuchs in der antiken Stadt Philippi aufgenommen, leider mit einem 50mm Objektiv.
Die Vögel nisten sehr gern in Stein und Felsspalten.
Warum aber Apfelfreunde…
Das Wort (Philomelos) hat auf alt Griechisch die Bedeutung, Philos= Freund und Melos = Apfel.
Singdrossel (Turdus Philomelos) und somit Apfelfreunde.
Friends of the apple encounter ancient constructions...
This is how one could also describe it.
The photo was taken during my visit to the ancient city of Philippi, unfortunately with a 50mm lens.
The Birds like to nest in Stones and Cervices.
But why Apple Friends...The word (Philomelos) has the meaning in Ancient Greek, Philos = Friend and Melos = Apple.
Song thrush (Turdus Philomelos) and thus Applefriends.
Thanks for your Visit Views Faves and Comments, have all a Nice Week. ✌
View of the Edinburgh Castle from lower level of the Scott Monument. The Castle is a historic fortress which dominates the skyline of the city of Edinburgh Scotland from its position on the Castle Rock. Archaeologists have established human occupation of the rock since at least the Iron Age (2nd century AD) although the nature of the early settlement is unclear. There has been a royal castle on the rock since at least the reign of David I in the 12th century. Edinburgh Scotland UK
Wadi Rum liegt östlich der Stadt Akaba, südlich der Stadt Maʿan und parallel zur im Westen liegenden Aravasenke. Das Wadi ist ein Gebiet mit einer Länge von etwa 100 Kilometern und einer Breite von etwa 60 Kilometern. Es liegt auf etwa 800 m Höhe, wobei die höchsten Erhebungen der Jebel Um Adaami mit 1832 m und der Dschabal Ram mit 1754 m sind.
Wadi Rum (Arabic: وادي رم) also known as The Valley of the Moon (Arabic: وادي القمر) is a valley cut into the sandstone and granite rock in southern Jordan 60 km (37 mi) to the east of Aqaba; it is the largest wadi in Jordan.[1] The name Rum most likely comes from an Aramaic root meaning 'high' or 'elevated'.[2] To reflect its proper Arabic pronunciation, archaeologists transcribe it as Wadi Ramm
(Wikipedia)
IN 1931 a team of archaeologists led by Earl Halstead Morris (1889-1956) worked in the Prayer Rock Valley, Arizona, on a site once inhabited by Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi). In one of the caves - the Broken Flute Cave - they excavated a set of end-blown flutes dated to 620-670 CE. The instruments had been fashioned from the wood of the Boxelder; it seems they were used in ritual 'Sun Dances'.
This photo shows the male flowers of this Ash-leaved Maple, another name for the tree. It's not native to The Netherlands. It was first grown here in gardens and arboretums. But after about 1950 it became naturalised especially along streams and rivers such as this one on the bank of the Meuse.
A specialist working in a large Roman house belonging to an important family in Merida, Spain. It is called Mithraeum House (Casa del Mitreo).
Those colors are about 2000 years old.
Merida, Emerita Augusta, was the capital of the Roman province of Lusitania, and one of the most importants of the Roman Empire
Una especialista trabajando en una importante casa romana, perteneciente a una familia acomodada de aquella época, en Mérida. Se llama Casa del Mitreo.
Mérida, llamada en época romana Emerita Augusta, fué la capital de la provincia de Lusitania, y una de las ciudades más importantes del Imperio.
In the summer of 2022 archaeologists discovered ancient bronze statues in the Bagno Grande di San Casciano dei Bagni (Siena). They are currently on show in the Quirinale in Rome (Gli Dei Ritornano).
cultura.gov.it/bronziscasciano
www.quirinale.it/elementi/93229
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzestatuen_von_San_Casciano_dei_...
View of the Edinburgh Castle from the mid-level of the Scott Monument. The castle is a historic fortress which dominates the skyline of the city of Edinburgh Scotland from its position on the Castle Rock. Archaeologists have established human occupation of the rock since at least the Iron Age (2nd century AD) although the nature of the early settlement is unclear. There has been a royal castle on the rock since at least the reign of David I in the 12th century. Edinburgh Scotland UK
Fonthill Castle, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, was the home of the archaeologist and tile maker Henry Chapman Mercer. Built between 1908 and 1912 by Mercer himself and a team of workers, it is a large house and not a castle, and an early example of poured-in-place concrete. Fonthill defies any classification or categorization into architectural styles or modes.
The estate of Fonthill is one of the pioneer examples of using reinforced concrete as a building medium.
Fonthill is described by Dr. Mercer as coming from various sources, some of which are Byzantine Churches in Greece, Mount St. Michel in France, a Turkish house in Salonica, and the paintings of Gerard Dow.
This Platform of Venus is dedicated to the planet Venus. In its interior archaeologists discovered a collection of large cones carved out of stone, the purpose of which is unknown. This platform is located north of El Castillo, between it and the Cenote Sagrado.
Chichen Itza was one of the largest Maya cities, with the relatively densely clustered architecture of the site core covering an area of at least 5 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi). Smaller scale residential architecture extends for an unknown distance beyond this. The city was built upon broken terrain, which was artificially levelled in order to build the major architectural groups, with the greatest effort being expended in the levelling of the areas for the Castillo pyramid, and the Las Monjas, Osario and Main Southwest groups.
The site contains many fine stone buildings in various states of preservation, and many have been restored. The buildings were connected by a dense network of paved causeways, called sacbeob.Archaeologists have identified over 80 sacbeob criss-crossing the site, and extending in all directions from the city.
The architecture encompasses a number of styles, including the Puuc and Chenes styles of the northern Yucatán Peninsula. The buildings of Chichen Itza are grouped in a series of architectonic sets, and each set was at one time separated from the other by a series of low walls. The three best known of these complexes are the Great North Platform, which includes the monuments of El Castillo, Temple of Warriors and the Great Ball Court; The Osario Group, which includes the pyramid of the same name as well as the Temple of Xtoloc; and the Central Group, which includes the Caracol, Las Monjas, and Akab Dzib.
South of Las Monjas, in an area known as Chichén Viejo (Old Chichén) and only open to archaeologists, are several other complexes, such as the Group of the Initial Series, Group of the Lintels, and Group of the Old Castle.
It feels good any time of year.
HISTORY: Beer is one of the world's oldest prepared alcoholic drinks.
The earliest archaeological evidence of fermentation consists of 13,000 year-old residues of a beer with the consistency of gruel, used by the semi-nomadic Natufians for ritual feasting, at the Raqefet Cave in the Carmel Mountains near Haifa in northern Israel.
There is evidence that beer was produced at Göbekli Tepe during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (around 8500 BC to 5500 BC).
The earliest clear chemical evidence of beer produced from barley dates to about 3500–3100 BC, from the site of Godin Tepe in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran.
EARLY CIVILISATIONS: Beer is recorded in the written history of ancient Egypt, and archaeologists speculate that beer was instrumental in the formation of civilisations.
The Sumerians drank a variety of beers, eight types from barley, 12 types from wheat and 3 from a mixture of grains.
The Sumerian goddess Ninkasi was believed to oversee the brewing process, and the production and distribution of beer was attributed there to women.
Approximately 5000 years ago, workers in the city of Uruk (modern day Iraq) were paid by their employers with volumes of beer.
During the building of the Egyptian pyramids, each worker got a daily ration of four to five litres of beer, which served as both nutrition and refreshment and was crucial to the pyramids' construction. (Source: Wikipedia)
UNA CAÑA, POR FAVOR! 2025
Sienta bien en cualquier época del año.
HISTORIA: La cerveza es una de las bebidas alcohólicas preparadas más antiguas del mundo.
La evidencia arqueológica más temprana de fermentación consiste en residuos de una cerveza de 13.000 años de antigüedad con la consistencia de una papilla, utilizada por los seminómadas natufienses para festines rituales, en la cueva de Raqefet, en los montes Carmel, cerca de Haifa, en el norte de Israel.
Existe evidencia de que la cerveza se producía en Göbekli Tepe durante el Neolítico precerámico (alrededor del 8500 a. C. al 5500 a. C.).
La evidencia química más temprana y clara de cerveza producida a partir de cebada data de aproximadamente el 3500-3100 a. C., en el yacimiento de Godin Tepe, en los montes Zagros, al oeste de Irán.
CIVILIZACIONES PRIMITIVAS: La cerveza está registrada en la historia escrita del antiguo Egipto, y los arqueólogos especulan que la cerveza fue fundamental en la formación de civilizaciones.
Los sumerios bebían una variedad de cervezas: ocho tipos de cebada, doce de trigo y tres de una mezcla de cereales.
Se creía que la diosa sumeria Ninkasi supervisaba el proceso de elaboración de la cerveza, y la producción y distribución de cerveza se atribuía a las mujeres.
Hace aproximadamente 5000 años, los trabajadores de la ciudad de Uruk (actual Irak) recibían grandes cantidades de cerveza de sus empleadores.
Durante la construcción de las pirámides egipcias, cada trabajador recibía una ración diaria de cuatro a cinco litros de cerveza, que servía como alimento y refresco, y fue crucial para la construcción de las pirámides. (Fuente: Wikipedia)
Archaeologists attribute the glyphs at Painted Rock Pictograph site to either the Western Archaic tradition or the Gila Style.
The Gila Style is defined as having designs of animals, insects, human shapes, plants, circles, and zigzags, which we see here. The Hohokam people, who are accredited as the artists of these glyphs, lived in the area between 300 BC and 1450 AD.
This is a view of Mummy Cave, a rock shelter on the left bank of the North Fork of the Shoshone River in Park County, Wyoming. It lies adjacent to US Highway 14-16-20 (Yellowstone or North Fork Highway) east of Yellowstone National Park. Archaeologists showed interest in the site starting in 1962. Subsequently excavated by the Buffalo Bill Historical Center the site yielded radiocarbon dates that indicate occupation between 7280 years BC to AD 1580. The site comprised 38 cultural strata representing cultures ranging from late Paleoindian to the Late Prehistoric period. The primary and most significant cultural component identified in the occupation strata was the McKean Complex which places the site in the Plains Archaic tradition. Unusually dry circumstances in the site resulted in the preservation of many perishable materials which are not normally preserved in prehistoric context. Among these materials are fragments and artifacts of wood, hide, and feathers. Many of the features discovered were hearths. Other artifacts included projectile points, chipped stone knives and scrapers, faunal remains and tubular bone pipes. Significantly, archaeologists discovered a very well preserved burial, that area residents nicknamed ''Mummy Joe’’. He was evidently one of the human occupants of the cave during the earlier of the two Late Prehistoric occupations dated 1230 years ago. From the clothing and other items found with this individual, it was concluded that he held high status among his contemporaries. The name of the site derives from this discovery. Mummy Cave is listed on the National Registry of Historic Places.
Reference: wyoshpo.wyo.gov/index.php/programs/national-register/wyom...
Fonthill Castle was the home of the archaeologist and tile maker Henry Chapman Mercer. We have visited this site on many occasions, but this was the first time that we came to see it with snow on the ground. Unfortunately, it was also very cold like 25 degrees and the snow melting off the roof was creating dangerous looking icicles
Built between 1908 and 1912, it is an early example of poured-in-place concrete and features 44 rooms, over 200 windows, 18 fireplaces, 10 bathrooms, and one powder room.
In the summer of 2022 archaeologists discovered ancient bronze statues in the Bagno Grande di San Casciano dei Bagni (Siena). They are currently on show in the Quirinale in Rome (Gli Dei Ritornano).
cultura.gov.it/bronziscasciano
www.quirinale.it/elementi/93229
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzestatuen_von_San_Casciano_dei_...
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Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña - Escocia - Stirling - Castillo
ENGLISH
Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress which dominates the skyline of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, from its position on the Castle Rock. Archaeologists have established human occupation of the rock since at least the Iron Age (2nd century AD), although the nature of the early settlement is unclear. There has been a royal castle on the rock since at least the reign of David I in the 12th century, and the site continued to be a royal residence until the Union of the Crowns in 1603. From the 15th century the castle's residential role declined, and by the 17th century it was principally used as military barracks with a large garrison. Its importance as a part of Scotland's national heritage was recognised increasingly from the early 19th century onwards, and various restoration programmes have been carried out over the past century and a half. As one of the most important strongholds in the Kingdom of Scotland, Edinburgh Castle was involved in many historical conflicts from the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 14th century to the Jacobite Rising of 1745. Research undertaken in 2014 identified 26 sieges in its 1100-year-old history, giving it a claim to having been "the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world".
Few of the present buildings pre-date the Lang Siege of the 16th century, when the medieval defences were largely destroyed by artillery bombardment. The most notable exceptions are St Margaret's Chapel from the early 12th century, which is regarded as the oldest building in Edinburgh, the Royal Palace and the early-16th-century Great Hall, although the interiors have been much altered from the mid-Victorian period onwards. The castle also houses the Scottish regalia, known as the Honours of Scotland and is the site of the Scottish National War Memorial and the National War Museum of Scotland. The British Army is still responsible for some parts of the castle, although its presence is now largely ceremonial and administrative. Some of the castle buildings house regimental museums which contribute to its presentation as a tourist attraction.
The castle, in the care of Historic Scotland, is Scotland's most-visited paid tourist attraction, and indeed, it is Edinburgh's most frequently visited visitor attraction.
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ESPAÑOL
El castillo de Edimburgo es una antigua fortaleza erigida sobre una roca de origen volcánico ubicada en el centro de la ciudad de Edimburgo. Ha sido utilizado con fines de tipo militar desde el siglo XII, siendo destinado a usos civiles solo hasta épocas muy recientes. Se encuentra emplazado en la cima de la calle Alta o High Street, también conocida como Milla real o Royal Mile. Se trata de la atracción turística más visitada de Escocia.
Tres de sus lados se encuentran protegidos por abruptos acantilados, y el acceso al castillo queda limitado a una calle de pronunciada pendiente en el lado este del castillo. Antaño hubo un lago en su lado norte, lago llamado Nor'Loch, que fue desecado en época georgiana con la construcción de la ciudad nueva, para ser utilizado como albañal al aire libre y más tarde como parque, siendo a partir de ese momento cuando la ciudadela perdió la mayor parte de su papel defensivo.
En el interior se presentan varias exposiciones y museos, entre los cuales destacan:
- Los Honores de Escocia, donde se encuentran las joyas de la Corona escocesa y los objetos del tesoro real escocés.
- La Piedra de Scone, también conocida como "Piedra del Destino", sobre la que se coronaban los reyes escoceses.
- El Memorial Nacional de la Guerra de Escocia.
- Mons Meg, un enorme cañón de sitio del siglo XV.
- El cañón de las trece horas, que dispara cada día a dicha hora.
- La capilla de Santa Margarita, la zona más antigua de la fortaleza, y posiblemente de la ciudad.