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Kansas Cosmosphere
Near Tragedy from a Magical Piece of Hardware
The Apollo spacecraft was made up of many sophisticated, complex and, some may say, "magical" systems. None was more magical than the fuel cell. The magic of the Apollo fuel cell was that it chemically combined hydrogen and oxygen to generate one of the most basic and important elements of a spacecraft- electricity. But the extraordinary by-product of this reaction was the generation of another critical element for spaceflight- water, for drinking and cooling of spacecraft systems.
But beyond its magic, the fuel cell gained its greatest historical notoriety as the system that nearly destroyed the spacecraft and crew of Apollo 13 in April 1970.
What Happened?
Each Apollo Command Module was powered by three fuel cells located in the spacecraft's Service Module, fueled by tanks of liquid oxygen and hydrogen. Pressure in these tanks was maintained during flight by heating the oxygen and hydrogen with small electric heaters located in each container. These heaters were manually operated by the astronauts by flipping a switch on the control panel.
But these small heaters had another use during pre-flight tests that would eventually lead to the historic life-and-death events that unfolded aboard Apollo 13. During the early testing phases of the Apollo fuel cell system, technicians often had difficulty draining the oxygen and hydrogen tanks of their super-cold, volatile contents after tests were conducted. It was determined that if the thermostats of the internal tank heaters could be beefed up to handle a 65-volt electrical current, instead of the original 28-volt system, the heaters could "cook-off" the oxygen and hydrogen and drain the tanks quickly. NASA ordered the manufacturer of the tanks to make the change, but, because of a miscommunication, the change was never made. Therefore, Apollo 13, as well as all previous missions, flew with the undersized thermostats on the fuel cell tank heaters. This error was left undetected until simple, routine procedures during Apollo 13 nearly led to disaster.
During the pre-launch tests of Apollos 7 through 12, the detanking process for the fuel cell system was nominal, and the tank heaters did not have to be activated. But during the Apollo 13 checkout, technicians had difficulty emptying the contents of oxygen tank no. 2. For the first time since the procedure had been approved, pad engineers used the heaters to warm the super-cold oxygen in the tank to boil it off. Technicians- still not realizing the upgrade to the heater thermostats had never been made-applied the specified 65 volts of electricity to the heaters. Unknowingly, the fate of the Apollo 13 mission was sealed before the spacecraft and crew ever left the ground. When the 65 volts were applied to the tank heater- still only sized to handle 28- the switch inside the heater's thermostat welded shut. As the tank continued to empty following the test, the heater's wiring was no longer protected by the cold of the liquid oxygen. The wiring's Teflon-coated insulation melted and became bare. Nobody on the ground recognized the problem.
On the day of the Apollo 13 launch, the tanks were filled again, and now the bare wires were surrounded with liquid oxygen. There would be no danger, however, until the tank heater was activated again.
Outbound to the Moon, the liquid oxygen quantity gradually dropped as the fuel cells were used. Forty-six hours after launch, Mission Control sent orders to Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert to activate the heater switch to build up pressure in tank. But now, the bare wires were no longer covered with their jacket of liquid oxygen. They were now in a pure gaseous oxygen environment. When Swigert flipped the switch, the wires sparked, a fire started, and with the explosive increase in pressure, the tank blew, and ripped away a fourth of the exterior panels of the Service Module, crippling the spacecraft and changing the focus of the mission from the Moon to mere survival.
Apollo Butterfly Parnassius apollo in Dalen, Telemark county (central southern Norway) 5 July 2015. One of the most sought-after and rare butterflies in Norway. A massive stunner!
Apollo Soyuz Project. First time the U.S. and Soviets worked together in space. Also was pretty great because Deke Slayton, one of the original Mercury Astronauts finally got to fly. He was grounded after selection due to heart trouble. This was corrected, and he went into space on this mission.
The Apollo Belvedere or Apollo of the Belvedere is a celebrated marble sculpture from Classical Antiquity. It was rediscovered in the late 15th century, during the Renaissance, and for centuries (through the 19th century) it has epitomized ideals of aesthetic perfection for Europeans and westernized parts of the world.
Leochares was a Greek sculptor from Athens, who lived in the 4th century BC and is beleived to have sculpted the Apollo. The above is a roman copy. It was sculpted in white marble between Between 350 and 325 BC.
My newly acquired Westcott Apollo 28" Softbox. cant wait till i get a chance to use it properly.
Strobist: 580ex2 high cam right through ring adapter, 285hv inside softbox, silver reflector left to bounce the light from the softbox.
Here's a full size Apollo capsule that never flew but was used for recovery tests in the water during the spacecraft's development. Now it's at the Meteor Crater museum in Arizona.
Apollo deskinning the satyr Marsyas, who made the mistake of challenging Apollo to a musical duel - and lost. The winner of the duel had the privilege of treating the loser as they pleased, and taking Marsyas' skin was Apollo's choice.
The Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) (Russian: Экспериментальный полёт Союз-Аполлон, Eksperimantalniy polyot Soyuz-Apollon, lit. "Experimental flight Soyuz-Apollo"), conducted in July 1975, was the first joint U.S.–Soviet space flight, as a symbol of the policy of détente that the two superpowers were pursuing at the time. It involved the docking of an Apollo Command/Service Module with the Soviet Soyuz 19. The unnumbered Apollo vehicle was a surplus from the terminated Apollo program and the last one to fly. This mission ceremoniously marked the end of the Space Race that had begun in 1957 with the Sputnik launch. The Apollo Command Module from the mission is on display at the California Science Center in Los Angeles. The descent module of Soyuz 19 is on display at the RKK Energiya museum in Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, Russia. A display at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. shows the docked Apollo/Soyuz configuration with the restored Apollo Command and Service Module used for testing prior to the mission, the back-up Docking Module, and a model of the Soyuz spacecraft. An identical Soyuz model is exhibited at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. A full-size mockup of the two docked spacecraft is located at the Cosmosphere in Hutchinson, Kansas.
Sony a6000 - Sony E PZ 16-50mm 1:3.5-5.6 OSS
Palm Springs Desert Classic Concours.
The Apollo was a United States sports car/personal automobile manufactured from 1962 to 1964 in Oakland, California.
Engineered by Milt Brown with designed by Ron Plescia it featured Italian handmade aluminum bodywork with a choice between two-seater convertible or fastback styles. Power came from a 215 in³ or 300 in³ Buick engine, ninety units were produced before it was renamed the Vetta Ventura and made until 1966 by Vanguard Inc of Dallas, Texas.
The top speed was claimed to be 150 mph (240 km/h).
APOLLO BAY PRIMARY SCHOOL 1935 PHOTO STUDENTS’ NAMES
BACK ROW : Leorke?, Jean Telford, Doreen Whelan, Frances Martin, Dick Telford, Frank Barrand (from ABC Café) ,?,? Stan Wright
SECOND BACK ROW : Wanda Fisk (from Sally’s Hill) Rantall?, Doreen Telford, Phoebe Johnson, ?, ?, ? Whelan (Doreen’s brother) ?, ?
THIRD BACK ROW : Norma Fricke, June Telford, Lorna Telford (from house overlooking footy ground, ?one of Riddell’s children, Ron’s younger sister?) , ? Telford (one of Wattie’s?) ? Geoff Waddleton, out Skene’s Creek Way, Ian Freeland (builder’s son, became an architect), Jack Powley (only child, Ballarat Hotel)
FRONT ROW : Morva Conn (father at Butter Factory), Ada Johnson (her daughter married an opera singer), ? Cawood, Joan Maher (Mother was a Costin from up the back of town), ? Rantal, ?, Joyce Telford (fringe to hide scars on forehead from falling off bed and hitting head on a tin trunk), Eileen Wright(sister of Stan Wright), ?, Les Barrand (from ABC Café)
Forget-me-Knot
Confusion reigns in David Tristram’s superb comedy. Is anyone who they say they are?
Production kindly sponsored by Vectis Rotary.
11-13 and 16-19 May 2017 (note changed show dates for this production)
Forget-Me-Knot, by David Tristram, tells the tale of a man who may or may not be Robert Zeinfeld, found wandering and suffering from amnesia. Detective Inspector Monroe is the man charged with working out who this mystery man is, with the help – or rather hindrance – of Mrs Zeinfeld and his own wife Samantha.
Robert is a confused man, not of his own doing – a bump on the head resulting in amnesia and a night in the cells have attributed to that. Inspector Monroe is also a confused man, but he has nobody to blame but himself.
Robert has been found wandering the streets in his confused state. His Filofax knows who he is – but does anybody else? Monroe is on the case – or seems to think he is. More confusion rains down when Robert’s wife is summoned and doesn’t know what’s going on either; but what she does know is that Robert shouldn’t be anywhere near where he was found and probably with a mistress, whom he definitely shouldn’t be anywhere near. When the mistress turns up, utter confusion is unleashed upon the stage. Is Robert who everybody else says he is? Does he really have amnesia? If he doesn’t then what is he doing with a wife like that in the first place? Is anybody actually who they maintain they are?
Forget-Me-Knot has been described as ‘one of the funniest British farces … with superb laugh-out-loud comedy’. We think you’ll agree!
Turns out that those are Gemini spacesuits, but I painted up some details, like the dark gloves, as if they were Apollo suits. Apollo suits have those big bubble helmets, unlike the crash helmet design in these Gemini suits.
High-capacity OMLT system for the metro core and long-haul portions of the network. It provides cost-effective aggregation of TDM, Ethernet and IP/MPLS over OTN and WDM. It can be configured as a pure optical networking platform (with OTN, ROADM and high capacity WDM capabilities), multi-terabit ODU cross-connect with full WDM capability, CESR with multi-terabit packet switching capacity or as an integrated packet-optical solution.
Apollo. final plaster model. 1996.
Apolo. Modelo final em gesso (português).
Apolo. modelo final en yeso ( español).
Apolo. modello finale dell'intonaco (italiano).
Century VI quatrain 33
His hand finally through the bloody ALUS,
He will be unable to protect himself by sea,
Between two rivers he will fear the military hand,
The black and angry one will make him repent of it.
Forget-me-Knot
Confusion reigns in David Tristram’s superb comedy. Is anyone who they say they are?
Production kindly sponsored by Vectis Rotary.
11-13 and 16-19 May 2017 (note changed show dates for this production)
Forget-Me-Knot, by David Tristram, tells the tale of a man who may or may not be Robert Zeinfeld, found wandering and suffering from amnesia. Detective Inspector Monroe is the man charged with working out who this mystery man is, with the help – or rather hindrance – of Mrs Zeinfeld and his own wife Samantha.
Robert is a confused man, not of his own doing – a bump on the head resulting in amnesia and a night in the cells have attributed to that. Inspector Monroe is also a confused man, but he has nobody to blame but himself.
Robert has been found wandering the streets in his confused state. His Filofax knows who he is – but does anybody else? Monroe is on the case – or seems to think he is. More confusion rains down when Robert’s wife is summoned and doesn’t know what’s going on either; but what she does know is that Robert shouldn’t be anywhere near where he was found and probably with a mistress, whom he definitely shouldn’t be anywhere near. When the mistress turns up, utter confusion is unleashed upon the stage. Is Robert who everybody else says he is? Does he really have amnesia? If he doesn’t then what is he doing with a wife like that in the first place? Is anybody actually who they maintain they are?
Forget-Me-Knot has been described as ‘one of the funniest British farces … with superb laugh-out-loud comedy’. We think you’ll agree!
The most powerful rocket engines ever used were the F-1 engines used to power NASA’s Saturn 5 booster rocket during the Apollo missions. Here are the remains of F-1s used to launch Apollo 12 and 16, on view only at The Museum of Flight.