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CINEMA DIGITAL
A Study of 4D Julia sets
Baraka / Baraka from DVD to 4K / Baraka with the monkey
Beatbox360
Enquanto a noite não chega (While we wait for the night â?" first Brazilian film in 4K)/(primeiro filme brasileiro em 4k)
Era la Notte
Flight to the Center of the Milky Way
Growth by aggregation 2
Jet Instabilities in a stratified fluid flow
Keio University Concert
Manny Farber (Tribute to)
Scalable City
The Nonlinear Evolution of the Universe
The Prague train
FILE INOVAÇÃO / FILE INNOVATION
Interface Cérebro-Computador – Eduardo Miranda
Sistema comercial de Reconhecimento Automático - Genius Instituto de Tecnologia
Robô de visão omnidirecional – Jun Okamoto
Loo Table: mesa interativa - André V. Perrotta, Erico Cheung e Luis Stateri dos Santos, da empresa Loodik
Simulador de Ondas e Simulador de Turbilhão - Steger produção de efeitos especiais ltda.
GAMES INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS GAMES
Giles Askham – Aquaplayne
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Transpose
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Full Body Games
Fabiano Onça e Coméia – Tantalus Quest
Julian Oliver - levelHead
GAMES
Andreas Zecher – Understanding Games
Andrei R. Thomaz – Cubos de Cor
Arvi Teikari – Once In Space
Fabrício Fava – Futebolando
Golf Question Mark – Golf
Introversion.co.uk – Darwinia
Jens Andersson and Ida Rödén – Rorschach
Jonatan Söderström – CleanAsia!
Jonatan Söderström – AdNauseum2
Jorn Ebner – sans femme et sans avieteur
Josh Nimoy – BallDroppings
Josiah Pisciotta – Gish
Marek Walczak and Martin Wattenberg – Thinking Machine 7
Mariana Rillo – Desmanche
Mark Essen - Punishment: The punishing
Mark Essen - RANDY BALMA: MUNICIPAL ABORTIONIST
Playtime – SFZero
QUBO GAS: Jef Ablézot, Morgan Dimnet & Laura Henno - WATERCOULEUR PARK
QueasyGames - Jonathan Mak – Everyday Shooter
R-S-G: Radical Software Group - Kriegspiel - Guy Debord's Game of War
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – On a Rainy Day
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Cytoplasm
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Particle Rain
Tales of Tales: Auriea Harvey & Michaël Samyn - The Graveyard
Tanja Vujinovic – Osciloo
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen – Clouds
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen - flOw
JOGOS BR
JOGOS BR 1
Ayri - Uma Lenda Amazônica - Sylker Teles da Silva / Outline Interactive
Capoeira Experience - Andre Ivankio Hauer Ploszaj / Okio Serviços de Comunicação Multimídia Ltda.
Cim-itério - Wagner Gomes Carvalho / Green Land Studios
Incorporated (Emprego Maluco) - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Iracema Aventura – Odair Gaspar / Perceptum Software Ltda.
Nevrose: Sangue e Loucura Sob o Sol do Sertão - Rodrigo Queiroz de Oliveira
/ Gamion Realidade Virtual & Games
Raízes do Mal – Marcos Cruz Alves / Ignis Entretenimento e Informática Ltda.
JOGOS BR 2 – Jogos Completos
Cave Days - Winston George A. Petty / Insolita Studios
Peixis!
(JOGO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Wallace Santos Lages / Ilusis Interactive Graphics
JOGOS BR 2 – Demos Jogáveis
Brasilia Tropicalis - Thiago Salgado Aiache de Moraes / Olympya Games
Conspiração Dumont - Guilherme Mattos Coutinho
Flora - Francisco Oliveira de Queiroz
Fórmula Galaxy – Artur Corrêa / Vencer Consultoria e Projetos Ltda.
Inferno - Alexandre Vrubel / Continuum Entertainment Ltda
Lex Venture - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Trem de Doido (DEMO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Marcos André Penna Coutinho
Zumbi, o rei dos Palmeiras - Nicholas Lima de Souza
HIPERSÔNICA / HIPERSONICA
Hipersônica Performance
Andrei Thomaz, Francisco Serpa, Lílian Campesato e Vitor Kisil – Sonocromática
Bernhard Gal – Gal Live
+Zero: Fabrizio Augusto Poltronieri, Jonattas Marcel Poltronieri, Raphael Dall'Anese - +Zero do Brasil
Luiz duVa - Concerto para duo de laptops
Henrique Roscoe (a.k.a. 1mpar) – HOL
Jose Ignacio Hinestrosa e Testsu Kondo – Fricciones
Alexandre Fenerich e Giuliano Obici – Nmenos1
Orqstra de Laptops de São Paulo - EvEnTo 3 Movimentos para Orquestra
Hipersônica Participantes
Agricola de Cologne - soundSTORY - sound as a tool for storytelling
Jen-Kuan Chang – Drishti II
Jen-Kuan Chang – Discordance
Jen-Kuan Chang – Nekkhamma
Jen-Kuan Chang - She, Flush, Vegetable, Lo Mein, and Intolerable Happiness
Jerome Soudan – Mimetic
Matt Lewis e Jeremy Keenan – Animate Objects
Robert Dow - Precipitation within sight
Tetsu Kondo – Dendraw
Tomas Phillips – Drink_Deep
INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS
Anaisa Franco – Connected Memories
Andrei Thomaz & Sílvia Laurentiz – 1º Subsolo
Graffiti Research Lab – Various
Hisako K. Yamakawa – Kodama
r3nder.net+i2off.org – is.3s
Jarbas Jacome – Crepúsculo dos Ídolos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – Magnéticos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – The Magic Torch
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho)
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho Azul)
Rejane Cantoni e Leonardo Crescenti – PISO
Sheldon Brown – Scalable City
Soraya Braz e Fábio FON – Roaming
Takahiro Matsuo – Phantasm
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Outer Space IP
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Phantasma
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Binary Art Site
SYMPOSIUM
Agnus Valente
Anaisa Franco
Andre Thomaz e Silvia Laurentiz
Christin Bolewski
Giles Askham
Graffiti Research Lab: James Powderly
Hidenori Watanave
Ivan Ivanoff e Jose Jimenez
Jarbas Jácome
João Fernando Igansi Nunes
Marcos Moraes
Mediengruppe Bitnik; Carmen Weisskopf, Domagoj Smoljo, Silvan Leuthold, Sven König [SWI]
Mesa Redonda (LABO) - Cicero Silva, Lev Manovich (teleconferencia) e Noah Wardrip-Fruin
Mesa Redonda [BRA] – (Hipersônica) Renata La Rocca, Gabriela Pereira Carneiro, Ana Paula Nogueira de Carvalho, Clarissa Ribeiro Pereira de Almeida. Mediação: Vivian Caccuri
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - [Ministro da Cultura: Gilberto Gil | Secretário do Audiovisual do Ministério da Cultura: Sílvio Da-Rin | Secretário de Políticas Culturais do Ministério da Cultura: Alfredo Manevy ]
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - Inovação - Lala Deheinzelin, Gian Zelada, Alessandro Dalla, Ivandro Sanches, Eduardo Giacomazzi. Mediação: Joana Ferraz
Mesa Redonda 4k - Jane de Almeida, Sheldon Brownn, Mike Toillion, Todd Margolis, Peter Otto
Nardo Germano
Nori Suzuki
Sandra Albuquerque Reis Fachinello
Satoru Tokuhisa
Sheldon Brown
Soraya Braz e Fabio FON
Suzete Venturelli, Mario Maciel e bolsistas do CNPq/UnB (Johnny Souza, Breno Rocha, João Rosa e Samuel Castro [BRA]
Ursula Hentschlaeger
Valzeli Sampaio
Cinema Documenta FILE São Paulo 2008
Antonello Matarazzo – Interferenze – Itália / Italy
Bruno Natal - Dub Echoes – Brasil / Brazil
Carlo Sansolo - Panoramika Eletronika - Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Logan – Recitation – Londres / London
Kodiak Bachine e Apollo 9 – Nuncupate – Brasil / Brazil
Linda Hilfing Nielsen - Participation 0.0 – Dinamarca
Maren Sextro e Holger Wick - Slices, Pioneers of Electronic Music – Vol.1 – Richie Hawtin Documentary – Alemanha / Germany
Matthew Bate - What The Future Sounded Like – Austrália
Thomas Ziegler, Jason Gross e Russell Charmo - OHM+ the early gurus of electronic music – Eua / USA
Mídia Arte FILE São Paulo 2008
[ fladry + jones ] Robb Fladry and Barry Jones - The War is Over 2007 – EUA / USA
Agricola de Cologne - One Day on Mars – Alemanha / Germany
alan bigelow - "When I Was President" – EUA / USA
Alessandra Ribeiro Parente Paes
Daniel Fernandes Gamez
Glauber Kotaki Rodrigues
Igor Albuquerque Bertolino
Karina Yuko Haneda
Marcio Pedrosa Tirico da Silva Junior – Reativo – Brasil / Brazil
Alessandro Capozzo – Talea – Itália / Italy
Alex Hetherington - Untitled (sexyback, folly artist) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Alexandre Campos, Bruno Massara e Lucilene Soares Alves - Novos Olhares sobre a Mobilidade – Brasil / Brazil
Alexandre Cardoso Rodrigues Nunes
Bruno Coimbra Franco
Diego Filipe Braga R. Nascimento
Fábio Rinaldi Batistine
Yumi Dayane Shimada – Abra Sua Gaveta – Brasil / Brazil
ALL: ALCIONE DE GODOY, ADILSON NG, CAMILLO LOUVISE COQUEIRO, MARINA QUEIROZ MAIA, RODOLFO ROSSI JULIANI, VINÍCIUS NAKAMURA DE BRITO – Vita Ex Maxina – Brasil / Brazil
Andreas Zingerle - Extension of Human sight – Áustria
Andrei R. Thomaz - O Tabuleiro dos Jogos que se bifurcam - First Person Movements - Brasil / Brazil
Andrei R. Thomaz e Marina Camargo – Eclipses – Brasil / Brazil
Brit Bunkley – Spin – Spite – Nova Zelândia – New Zeland
calin man – appendXship / Romênia
Carlindo da Conceição Barbosa
Kauê de Oliveira Souza
Guilherme Tetsuo Takei
Renato Michalischen
Ricardo Rodrigues Martins
Tassia Deusdara Manso
Thalyta de Almeida Barbosa / Da Música ao Caos – Brasil / Brazil
Christoph Korn – waldstueck – Alemanha / Germany
Corpos Informáticos: Bia Medeiros, Carla Rocha, Diego Azambuja, Fernando Aquino, Kacau Rodrigues, Márcio Mota, Marta Mencarini, Wanderson França – UAI 69 – Brasil / Brazil
Duda. – do pixel ao pixel – Brasil / Brazil
Daniel Kobayashi
Felipe Crivelli Ayub
Fernando Boschetti
Luiz Felipe M. Coelho
Marcelo Knelsen
Mauro Falavigna
Rafael de A. Campos
Wellington K. Guimarães Bastos - A Casa Dentro da Porta – Brasil / Brazil
David Clark - 88 Constellations for Wittgenstein – Canadá
Thais Paola Galvez
Josias Silva
Diego Abrahão Modesto
Nilson Benis
Vinicius Augusto Naka de Vasconcelos
Wilson Ruano Junior
Marcela Moreira da Silva – Rogério caos – Brasil / Brazil
Diogo Fuhrmann Misiti, Guilherme Pilz, João Henrique - Caleidoscópio Felliniano: 8 ½ - Brasil / Brazil
Agence TOPO: Elene Tremblay, Marcio Lana-Lopez, Maryse Larivière, Marie-Josée Hardy, James Prior - Mes / My contacts – Canadá / Canada
Eliane Weizmann, Fernando Marinho e Leocádio Neto – Storry teller – Brasil / Brazil
Fabian Antunes - Pousada Recanto Abaetuba – Brasil / Brazil
Edgar Franco e Fabio FON - Freakpedia - A verdadeira enciclopédia livre – Brasil / Brazil
Fernando Aquino – UAI Justiça – Brasil / Brazil
Henry Gwiazda - claudia and Paul - a doll's house is...... - there's whispering...... – EUA / USA
Architecture in Metaverse: Hidenori Watanave - "Archidemo" - Architecture in Metaverse – Hapão / Japan
Yto Aranda – Cyber Birds Dance – Chile
Dana Sperry - Sketch for an Intermezzo for the Masses, no. 7 – EUA / USA
Jorn Ebner - (sans femme et sans aviateur) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Josephine Anstey, Dave Pape - Office Diva – EUA / USA
Josh Fishburn – Layers – Waiting – EUA / USA
Karla Brunet – Peculiaris – Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Evensen - Veils of Light – EUA / USA
lemeh42 (santini michele and paoloni lorenza) - Study on human form and humanity #01 – Itália / Italy
linda hilfling e erik borra - misspelling generator – Dinamarca / Denmark
Lisa Link - If I Worked for 493 years – EUA / USA
Marcelo Padre – Estro – Brasil / Brazil
Martha Carrer Cruz Gabriel - Locative Painting - Brasil / Brazil
Martin John Callanan - I Wanted to See All of the News From Today – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Mateus Knelsen, Ana Clara, Felipe Vasconcelos, Rafael Jacobsen, Ronaldo Silva - A pós-modernidade em recortes: Tide Hellmeister e as relações Design e cultura – Brasil / Brazil
Mateus Knelsen, Felipe Szulc, Mileine Assai Ishii, Pamela Cardoso, Tânia Taura - Homo ex machina – Brasil / Brazil
Michael Takeo Magruder - Sequence-n (labyrinth) - Sequence-n (horizon) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Michael Takeo Magruder + Drew Baker + David Steele - The Vitruvian World - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nina Simões - Rehearsing Reality ( An interactive non-linear docufragmentary) - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nurit Bar-Shai - Nothing Happens – EUA / USA
projectsinge: Blanquet Jerome - Monkey_Party – França / France
QUBO GAS - WATERCOULEUR PARK – França / France
rachelmauricio castro – 360 - R.G.B. – tybushwacka – Brasil / Brazil
Rafael Rozendaal - future physics – Netherlands
Regina Célia Pinto - Ninhos & Magia – Brasil / Brazil
Roni Ribeiro – Bípedes – Brasil / Brazil
Rubens Pássaro - ISTO NÃO É PARANÓIA – Brasil / Brazil
Rui Filipe Antunes – xTNZ – Brasil / Brazil
Selcuk ARTUT & Cem OCALAN – NewsPaperBox – Brazil
Tanja Vujinovic - "Without Title" – Switzerland
Hipersônica Screening – FILE São Paulo 2008
1mpar – hol – Brasil / Brazil
Art Zoyd - EYECATCHER 1 - EYECATCHER 2, Man with a movie camera - Movie-Concert for The Fall of the Usher House – França / France
Audiobeamers (FroZenSP and Klinid) - Paesaggi Liquidi II – Alemanha / Germany
Bernhard Loibner – Meltdown – Áustria
Bjørn Erik Haugen – Regress - Norway
Celia Eid e Sébastien Béranger – Gymel – França / France
Studio Brutus/Citrullo International - H2O – Itália / Italy
Daniel Carvalho - OUT_FLOW PART I – Brasil / Brazil
David Muth - You Are The Sony Of My Life – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Dennis Summers - Phase Shift Vídeos – EUA / USA
Duprass - Liora Belford & Ido Govrin – Free Field – Pink / Noise – Israel
Fernando Velázquez – Nómada – Brasil / Brazil
Frames aka Flames - Performance audiovisual sincronizada: Sociedade pós-moderna, novas tecnologias e espaço urbano - Brasil / Brazil
Frederico Pessoa - butterbox – diving - Brasil / Brazil
Jay Needham - Narrative Half-life – EUA / USA
Soundsthatmatter – trotting – briji – Brasil / Brazil
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S126-E-012247 (27 Nov. 2008) --- Getting all ten members of an aggregation consisting of seven Endeavour astronauts and three Expedition 18 crewmembers into a single photo wasn't easy as the two crews shared a Thanksgiving meal on the middeck of the orbiter. Astronaut Sandra Magnus, Expedition 18 flight engineer, appears at top center. Clockwise from her position are astronauts Shane Kimbrough and Eric Boe, along with cosmonaut Yury Lonchakov, and astronauts Steve Bowen (partially visible behind Lonchakov), Donald Pettit, Michael Fincke, Gregory Chamitoff, Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper and Chris Ferguson (partially visible at top right). Ferguson is STS-126 commander, and Fincke is commander for the station crew.
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CINEMA DIGITAL
A Study of 4D Julia sets
Baraka / Baraka from DVD to 4K / Baraka with the monkey
Beatbox360
Enquanto a noite não chega (While we wait for the night â?" first Brazilian film in 4K)/(primeiro filme brasileiro em 4k)
Era la Notte
Flight to the Center of the Milky Way
Growth by aggregation 2
Jet Instabilities in a stratified fluid flow
Keio University Concert
Manny Farber (Tribute to)
Scalable City
The Nonlinear Evolution of the Universe
The Prague train
FILE INOVAÇÃO / FILE INNOVATION
Interface Cérebro-Computador – Eduardo Miranda
Sistema comercial de Reconhecimento Automático - Genius Instituto de Tecnologia
Robô de visão omnidirecional – Jun Okamoto
Loo Table: mesa interativa - André V. Perrotta, Erico Cheung e Luis Stateri dos Santos, da empresa Loodik
Simulador de Ondas e Simulador de Turbilhão - Steger produção de efeitos especiais ltda.
GAMES INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS GAMES
Giles Askham – Aquaplayne
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Transpose
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Full Body Games
Fabiano Onça e Coméia – Tantalus Quest
Julian Oliver - levelHead
GAMES
Andreas Zecher – Understanding Games
Andrei R. Thomaz – Cubos de Cor
Arvi Teikari – Once In Space
Fabrício Fava – Futebolando
Golf Question Mark – Golf
Introversion.co.uk – Darwinia
Jens Andersson and Ida Rödén – Rorschach
Jonatan Söderström – CleanAsia!
Jonatan Söderström – AdNauseum2
Jorn Ebner – sans femme et sans avieteur
Josh Nimoy – BallDroppings
Josiah Pisciotta – Gish
Marek Walczak and Martin Wattenberg – Thinking Machine 7
Mariana Rillo – Desmanche
Mark Essen - Punishment: The punishing
Mark Essen - RANDY BALMA: MUNICIPAL ABORTIONIST
Playtime – SFZero
QUBO GAS: Jef Ablézot, Morgan Dimnet & Laura Henno - WATERCOULEUR PARK
QueasyGames - Jonathan Mak – Everyday Shooter
R-S-G: Radical Software Group - Kriegspiel - Guy Debord's Game of War
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – On a Rainy Day
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Cytoplasm
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Particle Rain
Tales of Tales: Auriea Harvey & Michaël Samyn - The Graveyard
Tanja Vujinovic – Osciloo
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen – Clouds
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen - flOw
JOGOS BR
JOGOS BR 1
Ayri - Uma Lenda Amazônica - Sylker Teles da Silva / Outline Interactive
Capoeira Experience - Andre Ivankio Hauer Ploszaj / Okio Serviços de Comunicação Multimídia Ltda.
Cim-itério - Wagner Gomes Carvalho / Green Land Studios
Incorporated (Emprego Maluco) - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Iracema Aventura – Odair Gaspar / Perceptum Software Ltda.
Nevrose: Sangue e Loucura Sob o Sol do Sertão - Rodrigo Queiroz de Oliveira
/ Gamion Realidade Virtual & Games
Raízes do Mal – Marcos Cruz Alves / Ignis Entretenimento e Informática Ltda.
JOGOS BR 2 – Jogos Completos
Cave Days - Winston George A. Petty / Insolita Studios
Peixis!
(JOGO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Wallace Santos Lages / Ilusis Interactive Graphics
JOGOS BR 2 – Demos Jogáveis
Brasilia Tropicalis - Thiago Salgado Aiache de Moraes / Olympya Games
Conspiração Dumont - Guilherme Mattos Coutinho
Flora - Francisco Oliveira de Queiroz
Fórmula Galaxy – Artur Corrêa / Vencer Consultoria e Projetos Ltda.
Inferno - Alexandre Vrubel / Continuum Entertainment Ltda
Lex Venture - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Trem de Doido (DEMO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Marcos André Penna Coutinho
Zumbi, o rei dos Palmeiras - Nicholas Lima de Souza
HIPERSÔNICA / HIPERSONICA
Hipersônica Performance
Andrei Thomaz, Francisco Serpa, Lílian Campesato e Vitor Kisil – Sonocromática
Bernhard Gal – Gal Live
+Zero: Fabrizio Augusto Poltronieri, Jonattas Marcel Poltronieri, Raphael Dall'Anese - +Zero do Brasil
Luiz duVa - Concerto para duo de laptops
Henrique Roscoe (a.k.a. 1mpar) – HOL
Jose Ignacio Hinestrosa e Testsu Kondo – Fricciones
Alexandre Fenerich e Giuliano Obici – Nmenos1
Orqstra de Laptops de São Paulo - EvEnTo 3 Movimentos para Orquestra
Hipersônica Participantes
Agricola de Cologne - soundSTORY - sound as a tool for storytelling
Jen-Kuan Chang – Drishti II
Jen-Kuan Chang – Discordance
Jen-Kuan Chang – Nekkhamma
Jen-Kuan Chang - She, Flush, Vegetable, Lo Mein, and Intolerable Happiness
Jerome Soudan – Mimetic
Matt Lewis e Jeremy Keenan – Animate Objects
Robert Dow - Precipitation within sight
Tetsu Kondo – Dendraw
Tomas Phillips – Drink_Deep
INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS
Anaisa Franco – Connected Memories
Andrei Thomaz & Sílvia Laurentiz – 1º Subsolo
Graffiti Research Lab – Various
Hisako K. Yamakawa – Kodama
r3nder.net+i2off.org – is.3s
Jarbas Jacome – Crepúsculo dos Ídolos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – Magnéticos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – The Magic Torch
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho)
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho Azul)
Rejane Cantoni e Leonardo Crescenti – PISO
Sheldon Brown – Scalable City
Soraya Braz e Fábio FON – Roaming
Takahiro Matsuo – Phantasm
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Outer Space IP
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Phantasma
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Binary Art Site
SYMPOSIUM
Agnus Valente
Anaisa Franco
Andre Thomaz e Silvia Laurentiz
Christin Bolewski
Giles Askham
Graffiti Research Lab: James Powderly
Hidenori Watanave
Ivan Ivanoff e Jose Jimenez
Jarbas Jácome
João Fernando Igansi Nunes
Marcos Moraes
Mediengruppe Bitnik; Carmen Weisskopf, Domagoj Smoljo, Silvan Leuthold, Sven König [SWI]
Mesa Redonda (LABO) - Cicero Silva, Lev Manovich (teleconferencia) e Noah Wardrip-Fruin
Mesa Redonda [BRA] – (Hipersônica) Renata La Rocca, Gabriela Pereira Carneiro, Ana Paula Nogueira de Carvalho, Clarissa Ribeiro Pereira de Almeida. Mediação: Vivian Caccuri
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - [Ministro da Cultura: Gilberto Gil | Secretário do Audiovisual do Ministério da Cultura: Sílvio Da-Rin | Secretário de Políticas Culturais do Ministério da Cultura: Alfredo Manevy ]
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - Inovação - Lala Deheinzelin, Gian Zelada, Alessandro Dalla, Ivandro Sanches, Eduardo Giacomazzi. Mediação: Joana Ferraz
Mesa Redonda 4k - Jane de Almeida, Sheldon Brownn, Mike Toillion, Todd Margolis, Peter Otto
Nardo Germano
Nori Suzuki
Sandra Albuquerque Reis Fachinello
Satoru Tokuhisa
Sheldon Brown
Soraya Braz e Fabio FON
Suzete Venturelli, Mario Maciel e bolsistas do CNPq/UnB (Johnny Souza, Breno Rocha, João Rosa e Samuel Castro [BRA]
Ursula Hentschlaeger
Valzeli Sampaio
Cinema Documenta FILE São Paulo 2008
Antonello Matarazzo – Interferenze – Itália / Italy
Bruno Natal - Dub Echoes – Brasil / Brazil
Carlo Sansolo - Panoramika Eletronika - Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Logan – Recitation – Londres / London
Kodiak Bachine e Apollo 9 – Nuncupate – Brasil / Brazil
Linda Hilfing Nielsen - Participation 0.0 – Dinamarca
Maren Sextro e Holger Wick - Slices, Pioneers of Electronic Music – Vol.1 – Richie Hawtin Documentary – Alemanha / Germany
Matthew Bate - What The Future Sounded Like – Austrália
Thomas Ziegler, Jason Gross e Russell Charmo - OHM+ the early gurus of electronic music – Eua / USA
Mídia Arte FILE São Paulo 2008
[ fladry + jones ] Robb Fladry and Barry Jones - The War is Over 2007 – EUA / USA
Agricola de Cologne - One Day on Mars – Alemanha / Germany
alan bigelow - "When I Was President" – EUA / USA
Alessandra Ribeiro Parente Paes
Daniel Fernandes Gamez
Glauber Kotaki Rodrigues
Igor Albuquerque Bertolino
Karina Yuko Haneda
Marcio Pedrosa Tirico da Silva Junior – Reativo – Brasil / Brazil
Alessandro Capozzo – Talea – Itália / Italy
Alex Hetherington - Untitled (sexyback, folly artist) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Alexandre Campos, Bruno Massara e Lucilene Soares Alves - Novos Olhares sobre a Mobilidade – Brasil / Brazil
Alexandre Cardoso Rodrigues Nunes
Bruno Coimbra Franco
Diego Filipe Braga R. Nascimento
Fábio Rinaldi Batistine
Yumi Dayane Shimada – Abra Sua Gaveta – Brasil / Brazil
ALL: ALCIONE DE GODOY, ADILSON NG, CAMILLO LOUVISE COQUEIRO, MARINA QUEIROZ MAIA, RODOLFO ROSSI JULIANI, VINÍCIUS NAKAMURA DE BRITO – Vita Ex Maxina – Brasil / Brazil
Andreas Zingerle - Extension of Human sight – Áustria
Andrei R. Thomaz - O Tabuleiro dos Jogos que se bifurcam - First Person Movements - Brasil / Brazil
Andrei R. Thomaz e Marina Camargo – Eclipses – Brasil / Brazil
Brit Bunkley – Spin – Spite – Nova Zelândia – New Zeland
calin man – appendXship / Romênia
Carlindo da Conceição Barbosa
Kauê de Oliveira Souza
Guilherme Tetsuo Takei
Renato Michalischen
Ricardo Rodrigues Martins
Tassia Deusdara Manso
Thalyta de Almeida Barbosa / Da Música ao Caos – Brasil / Brazil
Christoph Korn – waldstueck – Alemanha / Germany
Corpos Informáticos: Bia Medeiros, Carla Rocha, Diego Azambuja, Fernando Aquino, Kacau Rodrigues, Márcio Mota, Marta Mencarini, Wanderson França – UAI 69 – Brasil / Brazil
Duda. – do pixel ao pixel – Brasil / Brazil
Daniel Kobayashi
Felipe Crivelli Ayub
Fernando Boschetti
Luiz Felipe M. Coelho
Marcelo Knelsen
Mauro Falavigna
Rafael de A. Campos
Wellington K. Guimarães Bastos - A Casa Dentro da Porta – Brasil / Brazil
David Clark - 88 Constellations for Wittgenstein – Canadá
Thais Paola Galvez
Josias Silva
Diego Abrahão Modesto
Nilson Benis
Vinicius Augusto Naka de Vasconcelos
Wilson Ruano Junior
Marcela Moreira da Silva – Rogério caos – Brasil / Brazil
Diogo Fuhrmann Misiti, Guilherme Pilz, João Henrique - Caleidoscópio Felliniano: 8 ½ - Brasil / Brazil
Agence TOPO: Elene Tremblay, Marcio Lana-Lopez, Maryse Larivière, Marie-Josée Hardy, James Prior - Mes / My contacts – Canadá / Canada
Eliane Weizmann, Fernando Marinho e Leocádio Neto – Storry teller – Brasil / Brazil
Fabian Antunes - Pousada Recanto Abaetuba – Brasil / Brazil
Edgar Franco e Fabio FON - Freakpedia - A verdadeira enciclopédia livre – Brasil / Brazil
Fernando Aquino – UAI Justiça – Brasil / Brazil
Henry Gwiazda - claudia and Paul - a doll's house is...... - there's whispering...... – EUA / USA
Architecture in Metaverse: Hidenori Watanave - "Archidemo" - Architecture in Metaverse – Hapão / Japan
Yto Aranda – Cyber Birds Dance – Chile
Dana Sperry - Sketch for an Intermezzo for the Masses, no. 7 – EUA / USA
Jorn Ebner - (sans femme et sans aviateur) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Josephine Anstey, Dave Pape - Office Diva – EUA / USA
Josh Fishburn – Layers – Waiting – EUA / USA
Karla Brunet – Peculiaris – Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Evensen - Veils of Light – EUA / USA
lemeh42 (santini michele and paoloni lorenza) - Study on human form and humanity #01 – Itália / Italy
linda hilfling e erik borra - misspelling generator – Dinamarca / Denmark
Lisa Link - If I Worked for 493 years – EUA / USA
Marcelo Padre – Estro – Brasil / Brazil
Martha Carrer Cruz Gabriel - Locative Painting - Brasil / Brazil
Martin John Callanan - I Wanted to See All of the News From Today – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Mateus Knelsen, Ana Clara, Felipe Vasconcelos, Rafael Jacobsen, Ronaldo Silva - A pós-modernidade em recortes: Tide Hellmeister e as relações Design e cultura – Brasil / Brazil
Mateus Knelsen, Felipe Szulc, Mileine Assai Ishii, Pamela Cardoso, Tânia Taura - Homo ex machina – Brasil / Brazil
Michael Takeo Magruder - Sequence-n (labyrinth) - Sequence-n (horizon) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Michael Takeo Magruder + Drew Baker + David Steele - The Vitruvian World - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nina Simões - Rehearsing Reality ( An interactive non-linear docufragmentary) - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nurit Bar-Shai - Nothing Happens – EUA / USA
projectsinge: Blanquet Jerome - Monkey_Party – França / France
QUBO GAS - WATERCOULEUR PARK – França / France
rachelmauricio castro – 360 - R.G.B. – tybushwacka – Brasil / Brazil
Rafael Rozendaal - future physics – Netherlands
Regina Célia Pinto - Ninhos & Magia – Brasil / Brazil
Roni Ribeiro – Bípedes – Brasil / Brazil
Rubens Pássaro - ISTO NÃO É PARANÓIA – Brasil / Brazil
Rui Filipe Antunes – xTNZ – Brasil / Brazil
Selcuk ARTUT & Cem OCALAN – NewsPaperBox – Brazil
Tanja Vujinovic - "Without Title" – Switzerland
Hipersônica Screening – FILE São Paulo 2008
1mpar – hol – Brasil / Brazil
Art Zoyd - EYECATCHER 1 - EYECATCHER 2, Man with a movie camera - Movie-Concert for The Fall of the Usher House – França / France
Audiobeamers (FroZenSP and Klinid) - Paesaggi Liquidi II – Alemanha / Germany
Bernhard Loibner – Meltdown – Áustria
Bjørn Erik Haugen – Regress - Norway
Celia Eid e Sébastien Béranger – Gymel – França / France
Studio Brutus/Citrullo International - H2O – Itália / Italy
Daniel Carvalho - OUT_FLOW PART I – Brasil / Brazil
David Muth - You Are The Sony Of My Life – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Dennis Summers - Phase Shift Vídeos – EUA / USA
Duprass - Liora Belford & Ido Govrin – Free Field – Pink / Noise – Israel
Fernando Velázquez – Nómada – Brasil / Brazil
Frames aka Flames - Performance audiovisual sincronizada: Sociedade pós-moderna, novas tecnologias e espaço urbano - Brasil / Brazil
Frederico Pessoa - butterbox – diving - Brasil / Brazil
Jay Needham - Narrative Half-life – EUA / USA
Soundsthatmatter – trotting – briji – Brasil / Brazil
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CINEMA DIGITAL
A Study of 4D Julia sets
Baraka / Baraka from DVD to 4K / Baraka with the monkey
Beatbox360
Enquanto a noite não chega (While we wait for the night â?" first Brazilian film in 4K)/(primeiro filme brasileiro em 4k)
Era la Notte
Flight to the Center of the Milky Way
Growth by aggregation 2
Jet Instabilities in a stratified fluid flow
Keio University Concert
Manny Farber (Tribute to)
Scalable City
The Nonlinear Evolution of the Universe
The Prague train
FILE INOVAÇÃO / FILE INNOVATION
Interface Cérebro-Computador – Eduardo Miranda
Sistema comercial de Reconhecimento Automático - Genius Instituto de Tecnologia
Robô de visão omnidirecional – Jun Okamoto
Loo Table: mesa interativa - André V. Perrotta, Erico Cheung e Luis Stateri dos Santos, da empresa Loodik
Simulador de Ondas e Simulador de Turbilhão - Steger produção de efeitos especiais ltda.
GAMES INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS GAMES
Giles Askham – Aquaplayne
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Transpose
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Full Body Games
Fabiano Onça e Coméia – Tantalus Quest
Julian Oliver - levelHead
GAMES
Andreas Zecher – Understanding Games
Andrei R. Thomaz – Cubos de Cor
Arvi Teikari – Once In Space
Fabrício Fava – Futebolando
Golf Question Mark – Golf
Introversion.co.uk – Darwinia
Jens Andersson and Ida Rödén – Rorschach
Jonatan Söderström – CleanAsia!
Jonatan Söderström – AdNauseum2
Jorn Ebner – sans femme et sans avieteur
Josh Nimoy – BallDroppings
Josiah Pisciotta – Gish
Marek Walczak and Martin Wattenberg – Thinking Machine 7
Mariana Rillo – Desmanche
Mark Essen - Punishment: The punishing
Mark Essen - RANDY BALMA: MUNICIPAL ABORTIONIST
Playtime – SFZero
QUBO GAS: Jef Ablézot, Morgan Dimnet & Laura Henno - WATERCOULEUR PARK
QueasyGames - Jonathan Mak – Everyday Shooter
R-S-G: Radical Software Group - Kriegspiel - Guy Debord's Game of War
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – On a Rainy Day
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Cytoplasm
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Particle Rain
Tales of Tales: Auriea Harvey & Michaël Samyn - The Graveyard
Tanja Vujinovic – Osciloo
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen – Clouds
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen - flOw
JOGOS BR
JOGOS BR 1
Ayri - Uma Lenda Amazônica - Sylker Teles da Silva / Outline Interactive
Capoeira Experience - Andre Ivankio Hauer Ploszaj / Okio Serviços de Comunicação Multimídia Ltda.
Cim-itério - Wagner Gomes Carvalho / Green Land Studios
Incorporated (Emprego Maluco) - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Iracema Aventura – Odair Gaspar / Perceptum Software Ltda.
Nevrose: Sangue e Loucura Sob o Sol do Sertão - Rodrigo Queiroz de Oliveira
/ Gamion Realidade Virtual & Games
Raízes do Mal – Marcos Cruz Alves / Ignis Entretenimento e Informática Ltda.
JOGOS BR 2 – Jogos Completos
Cave Days - Winston George A. Petty / Insolita Studios
Peixis!
(JOGO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Wallace Santos Lages / Ilusis Interactive Graphics
JOGOS BR 2 – Demos Jogáveis
Brasilia Tropicalis - Thiago Salgado Aiache de Moraes / Olympya Games
Conspiração Dumont - Guilherme Mattos Coutinho
Flora - Francisco Oliveira de Queiroz
Fórmula Galaxy – Artur Corrêa / Vencer Consultoria e Projetos Ltda.
Inferno - Alexandre Vrubel / Continuum Entertainment Ltda
Lex Venture - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Trem de Doido (DEMO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Marcos André Penna Coutinho
Zumbi, o rei dos Palmeiras - Nicholas Lima de Souza
HIPERSÔNICA / HIPERSONICA
Hipersônica Performance
Andrei Thomaz, Francisco Serpa, Lílian Campesato e Vitor Kisil – Sonocromática
Bernhard Gal – Gal Live
+Zero: Fabrizio Augusto Poltronieri, Jonattas Marcel Poltronieri, Raphael Dall'Anese - +Zero do Brasil
Luiz duVa - Concerto para duo de laptops
Henrique Roscoe (a.k.a. 1mpar) – HOL
Jose Ignacio Hinestrosa e Testsu Kondo – Fricciones
Alexandre Fenerich e Giuliano Obici – Nmenos1
Orqstra de Laptops de São Paulo - EvEnTo 3 Movimentos para Orquestra
Hipersônica Participantes
Agricola de Cologne - soundSTORY - sound as a tool for storytelling
Jen-Kuan Chang – Drishti II
Jen-Kuan Chang – Discordance
Jen-Kuan Chang – Nekkhamma
Jen-Kuan Chang - She, Flush, Vegetable, Lo Mein, and Intolerable Happiness
Jerome Soudan – Mimetic
Matt Lewis e Jeremy Keenan – Animate Objects
Robert Dow - Precipitation within sight
Tetsu Kondo – Dendraw
Tomas Phillips – Drink_Deep
INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS
Anaisa Franco – Connected Memories
Andrei Thomaz & Sílvia Laurentiz – 1º Subsolo
Graffiti Research Lab – Various
Hisako K. Yamakawa – Kodama
r3nder.net+i2off.org – is.3s
Jarbas Jacome – Crepúsculo dos Ídolos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – Magnéticos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – The Magic Torch
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho)
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho Azul)
Rejane Cantoni e Leonardo Crescenti – PISO
Sheldon Brown – Scalable City
Soraya Braz e Fábio FON – Roaming
Takahiro Matsuo – Phantasm
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Outer Space IP
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Phantasma
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Binary Art Site
SYMPOSIUM
Agnus Valente
Anaisa Franco
Andre Thomaz e Silvia Laurentiz
Christin Bolewski
Giles Askham
Graffiti Research Lab: James Powderly
Hidenori Watanave
Ivan Ivanoff e Jose Jimenez
Jarbas Jácome
João Fernando Igansi Nunes
Marcos Moraes
Mediengruppe Bitnik; Carmen Weisskopf, Domagoj Smoljo, Silvan Leuthold, Sven König [SWI]
Mesa Redonda (LABO) - Cicero Silva, Lev Manovich (teleconferencia) e Noah Wardrip-Fruin
Mesa Redonda [BRA] – (Hipersônica) Renata La Rocca, Gabriela Pereira Carneiro, Ana Paula Nogueira de Carvalho, Clarissa Ribeiro Pereira de Almeida. Mediação: Vivian Caccuri
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - [Ministro da Cultura: Gilberto Gil | Secretário do Audiovisual do Ministério da Cultura: Sílvio Da-Rin | Secretário de Políticas Culturais do Ministério da Cultura: Alfredo Manevy ]
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - Inovação - Lala Deheinzelin, Gian Zelada, Alessandro Dalla, Ivandro Sanches, Eduardo Giacomazzi. Mediação: Joana Ferraz
Mesa Redonda 4k - Jane de Almeida, Sheldon Brownn, Mike Toillion, Todd Margolis, Peter Otto
Nardo Germano
Nori Suzuki
Sandra Albuquerque Reis Fachinello
Satoru Tokuhisa
Sheldon Brown
Soraya Braz e Fabio FON
Suzete Venturelli, Mario Maciel e bolsistas do CNPq/UnB (Johnny Souza, Breno Rocha, João Rosa e Samuel Castro [BRA]
Ursula Hentschlaeger
Valzeli Sampaio
Cinema Documenta FILE São Paulo 2008
Antonello Matarazzo – Interferenze – Itália / Italy
Bruno Natal - Dub Echoes – Brasil / Brazil
Carlo Sansolo - Panoramika Eletronika - Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Logan – Recitation – Londres / London
Kodiak Bachine e Apollo 9 – Nuncupate – Brasil / Brazil
Linda Hilfing Nielsen - Participation 0.0 – Dinamarca
Maren Sextro e Holger Wick - Slices, Pioneers of Electronic Music – Vol.1 – Richie Hawtin Documentary – Alemanha / Germany
Matthew Bate - What The Future Sounded Like – Austrália
Thomas Ziegler, Jason Gross e Russell Charmo - OHM+ the early gurus of electronic music – Eua / USA
Mídia Arte FILE São Paulo 2008
[ fladry + jones ] Robb Fladry and Barry Jones - The War is Over 2007 – EUA / USA
Agricola de Cologne - One Day on Mars – Alemanha / Germany
alan bigelow - "When I Was President" – EUA / USA
Alessandra Ribeiro Parente Paes
Daniel Fernandes Gamez
Glauber Kotaki Rodrigues
Igor Albuquerque Bertolino
Karina Yuko Haneda
Marcio Pedrosa Tirico da Silva Junior – Reativo – Brasil / Brazil
Alessandro Capozzo – Talea – Itália / Italy
Alex Hetherington - Untitled (sexyback, folly artist) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Alexandre Campos, Bruno Massara e Lucilene Soares Alves - Novos Olhares sobre a Mobilidade – Brasil / Brazil
Alexandre Cardoso Rodrigues Nunes
Bruno Coimbra Franco
Diego Filipe Braga R. Nascimento
Fábio Rinaldi Batistine
Yumi Dayane Shimada – Abra Sua Gaveta – Brasil / Brazil
ALL: ALCIONE DE GODOY, ADILSON NG, CAMILLO LOUVISE COQUEIRO, MARINA QUEIROZ MAIA, RODOLFO ROSSI JULIANI, VINÍCIUS NAKAMURA DE BRITO – Vita Ex Maxina – Brasil / Brazil
Andreas Zingerle - Extension of Human sight – Áustria
Andrei R. Thomaz - O Tabuleiro dos Jogos que se bifurcam - First Person Movements - Brasil / Brazil
Andrei R. Thomaz e Marina Camargo – Eclipses – Brasil / Brazil
Brit Bunkley – Spin – Spite – Nova Zelândia – New Zeland
calin man – appendXship / Romênia
Carlindo da Conceição Barbosa
Kauê de Oliveira Souza
Guilherme Tetsuo Takei
Renato Michalischen
Ricardo Rodrigues Martins
Tassia Deusdara Manso
Thalyta de Almeida Barbosa / Da Música ao Caos – Brasil / Brazil
Christoph Korn – waldstueck – Alemanha / Germany
Corpos Informáticos: Bia Medeiros, Carla Rocha, Diego Azambuja, Fernando Aquino, Kacau Rodrigues, Márcio Mota, Marta Mencarini, Wanderson França – UAI 69 – Brasil / Brazil
Duda. – do pixel ao pixel – Brasil / Brazil
Daniel Kobayashi
Felipe Crivelli Ayub
Fernando Boschetti
Luiz Felipe M. Coelho
Marcelo Knelsen
Mauro Falavigna
Rafael de A. Campos
Wellington K. Guimarães Bastos - A Casa Dentro da Porta – Brasil / Brazil
David Clark - 88 Constellations for Wittgenstein – Canadá
Thais Paola Galvez
Josias Silva
Diego Abrahão Modesto
Nilson Benis
Vinicius Augusto Naka de Vasconcelos
Wilson Ruano Junior
Marcela Moreira da Silva – Rogério caos – Brasil / Brazil
Diogo Fuhrmann Misiti, Guilherme Pilz, João Henrique - Caleidoscópio Felliniano: 8 ½ - Brasil / Brazil
Agence TOPO: Elene Tremblay, Marcio Lana-Lopez, Maryse Larivière, Marie-Josée Hardy, James Prior - Mes / My contacts – Canadá / Canada
Eliane Weizmann, Fernando Marinho e Leocádio Neto – Storry teller – Brasil / Brazil
Fabian Antunes - Pousada Recanto Abaetuba – Brasil / Brazil
Edgar Franco e Fabio FON - Freakpedia - A verdadeira enciclopédia livre – Brasil / Brazil
Fernando Aquino – UAI Justiça – Brasil / Brazil
Henry Gwiazda - claudia and Paul - a doll's house is...... - there's whispering...... – EUA / USA
Architecture in Metaverse: Hidenori Watanave - "Archidemo" - Architecture in Metaverse – Hapão / Japan
Yto Aranda – Cyber Birds Dance – Chile
Dana Sperry - Sketch for an Intermezzo for the Masses, no. 7 – EUA / USA
Jorn Ebner - (sans femme et sans aviateur) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Josephine Anstey, Dave Pape - Office Diva – EUA / USA
Josh Fishburn – Layers – Waiting – EUA / USA
Karla Brunet – Peculiaris – Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Evensen - Veils of Light – EUA / USA
lemeh42 (santini michele and paoloni lorenza) - Study on human form and humanity #01 – Itália / Italy
linda hilfling e erik borra - misspelling generator – Dinamarca / Denmark
Lisa Link - If I Worked for 493 years – EUA / USA
Marcelo Padre – Estro – Brasil / Brazil
Martha Carrer Cruz Gabriel - Locative Painting - Brasil / Brazil
Martin John Callanan - I Wanted to See All of the News From Today – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Mateus Knelsen, Ana Clara, Felipe Vasconcelos, Rafael Jacobsen, Ronaldo Silva - A pós-modernidade em recortes: Tide Hellmeister e as relações Design e cultura – Brasil / Brazil
Mateus Knelsen, Felipe Szulc, Mileine Assai Ishii, Pamela Cardoso, Tânia Taura - Homo ex machina – Brasil / Brazil
Michael Takeo Magruder - Sequence-n (labyrinth) - Sequence-n (horizon) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Michael Takeo Magruder + Drew Baker + David Steele - The Vitruvian World - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nina Simões - Rehearsing Reality ( An interactive non-linear docufragmentary) - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nurit Bar-Shai - Nothing Happens – EUA / USA
projectsinge: Blanquet Jerome - Monkey_Party – França / France
QUBO GAS - WATERCOULEUR PARK – França / France
rachelmauricio castro – 360 - R.G.B. – tybushwacka – Brasil / Brazil
Rafael Rozendaal - future physics – Netherlands
Regina Célia Pinto - Ninhos & Magia – Brasil / Brazil
Roni Ribeiro – Bípedes – Brasil / Brazil
Rubens Pássaro - ISTO NÃO É PARANÓIA – Brasil / Brazil
Rui Filipe Antunes – xTNZ – Brasil / Brazil
Selcuk ARTUT & Cem OCALAN – NewsPaperBox – Brazil
Tanja Vujinovic - "Without Title" – Switzerland
Hipersônica Screening – FILE São Paulo 2008
1mpar – hol – Brasil / Brazil
Art Zoyd - EYECATCHER 1 - EYECATCHER 2, Man with a movie camera - Movie-Concert for The Fall of the Usher House – França / France
Audiobeamers (FroZenSP and Klinid) - Paesaggi Liquidi II – Alemanha / Germany
Bernhard Loibner – Meltdown – Áustria
Bjørn Erik Haugen – Regress - Norway
Celia Eid e Sébastien Béranger – Gymel – França / France
Studio Brutus/Citrullo International - H2O – Itália / Italy
Daniel Carvalho - OUT_FLOW PART I – Brasil / Brazil
David Muth - You Are The Sony Of My Life – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Dennis Summers - Phase Shift Vídeos – EUA / USA
Duprass - Liora Belford & Ido Govrin – Free Field – Pink / Noise – Israel
Fernando Velázquez – Nómada – Brasil / Brazil
Frames aka Flames - Performance audiovisual sincronizada: Sociedade pós-moderna, novas tecnologias e espaço urbano - Brasil / Brazil
Frederico Pessoa - butterbox – diving - Brasil / Brazil
Jay Needham - Narrative Half-life – EUA / USA
Soundsthatmatter – trotting – briji – Brasil / Brazil
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Cicadas are insects belonging to the family Cicadidae in the order Hemiptera. Cicadas are recognizable by their large size (body length of usually about 1 inch in length or longer) and clear wings held rooflike over the abdomen. Most cicadas are strong fliers that spend their time high in the trees, so they are rarely seen or captured. Their life cycles are long, usually involving multiple years spent underground as juveniles, followed by a brief (roughly 2 - 6 weeks) adult life above ground.
Common habitats for Tibicen canicularis are mixed and deciduous woods in Canada and the eastern United States. Geographic range includes the northern United States and southern Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains.
When mature Tibicen canicularis is recognizable by being mostly black with brown or green markings on its body. The body size is typically 1 - 1.3 inches (27-33 mm) long and the wingspan can reach 3.22 inches (82 mm). The wings are interlaced with green veins which are especially noticeable near the base. While nymphs of the species commonly feed on pine juice and the roots of pine and oak, the adults are not known to eat at all.
As adults, males produce a loud species-specific mate-attracting song using specialized sound-producing organs called tymbals. These sounds are among the loudest produced by any insects. In some species, the male calling song attracts both males and females to mating aggregations, while in other species males remain dispersed. Female cicadas do not have tymbals, but in some species the females produce clicking or snapping sounds with their wings.
Their song is often described as being a loud, high-pitched whine much like a power saw. It fades within 10 - 20 seconds, and starts again after a few seconds of silence. From my observation Tibicen canicularis tends to be the most vocal mid to late morning and then again late afternoon. It's common not to hear them during mid-day. At the peak of the season in late summer they can almost be deafening. To hear the sound of these cicadas, which was taped here in Indiana, please click on the below link...
www.cogsci.indiana.edu/farg/harry/bio/zoo/dogday.htm
After mating, females lay eggs in bark or twigs; the eggs hatch later in the season and the new nymphs burrow underground and begin feeding on roots. Tibicen canicularis spends most of it's life cycle underground as nymphs feeding on root juice. Typically 2 - 3 years. When it comes time to emerge and molt into an adult it uses its strong front legs for digging to the surface. Unlike periodical cicadas, whose swarms occur at 13 or 17 year intervals, Tibicen species can be seen every year, hence their other nickname "Annual Cicadas".
ISO1600, aperture f/10, exposure .006 seconds (1/160) focal length 300mm
Custom hand-drawn strategic visualizations on the digital heritage field in Europe, by order of DEN and Europeana
Illegal fishing is taking place in Ras Mohammed - an easy catch when all these snapper are aggregating - do your bit and sign the petition below - lets stop them NOW
www.avaaz.org/en/petition/STOP_Illegal_Fishing_at_Ras_Moh...
I made this trip to see the spawning aggregations of Goliath Groupers. The week before I arrived there were torrential rains and strong winds from the southwest which had blown the Gulf Stream far offshore. The water was stirred up, green, full of floc, and with a thermocline around 40-55’. But the Goliaths were still there and really impressive!! Frequently 15-30 or more per wreck; it was hard to count with the limited vis. I will be planning to come back next year hoping for better picture taking conditions.
These are Dictyostelium cells tagged with GFP to see actin fibers in these cells. These cells start to aggregate together when they are starved for several hours and form mounds or aggregates of several single cells
We found these in PNG. They formed small aggregations among mangroves, rocks, debris and some derelict piers.
They feed mainly at night, mostly on planktonic crustaceans.
Videographed 25 December 2015, Race Point - Beach, Race Point, Provincetown, Barnstable County, Massachusetts
I made this trip to see the spawning aggregations of Goliath Groupers. The week before I arrived there were torrential rains and strong winds from the southwest which had blown the Gulf Stream far offshore. The water was stirred up, green, full of floc, and with a thermocline around 40-55’. But the Goliaths were still there and really impressive!! Frequently 15-30 or more per wreck; it was hard to count with the limited vis. I will be planning to come back next year hoping for better picture taking conditions.
Driven by immediate surrounding, little by little, machine deposits material while sensing and moving within it’s territory. Traces left by it’s passing alter the landscape it operates within step by step. Instant decisions solidify, aggregate and therefore shift or constrain its possible future trajectories. Moving away from industrial precision towards almost primitive, still mediated digitally ways of constructing and articulating the space poses a question wether material traces of networked culture have to be necessarily highly technological. Matter, whether tangible or virtual becomes a medium of record. Since there is no other blueprint than the behavior itself, resulting shapes gain their specificity from tool resolution, medium fidelity and saturation of generative processes leaving them as traces.
An aggregation of the reef building scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa at 580 meters (1,903 feet) depth in Roatan, Honduras.
In 2010 and 2011, a NOAA-led team of researchers explored the deep Meso-American Reef off Roatan, Honduras, as part of a multi-year expedition called 'Deep Coral and Associated Species Taxonomy and Ecology', or DeepCAST. The goal of DeepCAST is to estimate deep-sea coral abundance and diversity; and to discern the nature of the relationship between host corals and their associated species. The primary reasons we study deep-sea corals are because they provide habitat to other species of fish, sea stars, shrimp and crabs; and they grow very slowly, so they are vulnerable to bottom contact fishing gear. Image credit: NOAA DeepCAST I Expedition.
(Original source: National Ocean Service Image Gallery)
I made this trip to see the spawning aggregations of Goliath Groupers. The week before I arrived there were torrential rains and strong winds from the southwest which had blown the Gulf Stream far offshore. The water was stirred up, green, full of floc, and with a thermocline around 40-55’. But the Goliaths were still there and really impressive!! Frequently 15-30 or more per wreck; it was hard to count with the limited vis. I will be planning to come back next year hoping for better picture taking conditions.
Made with Processing.
(Hopefully) Final version of this collection. All persons are or have been roommates of me or are close friends of one of my roommates.
The density & weight of strokes is based on the brightness of the image at that position. The aggregation progress gives it a natural sketchy look. Style and topic is inspired by my "Nature of Code" project.
All photos were takes by me.
Code:
www.openprocessing.org/sketch/80169
Video:
2012. Fir Island Farms/Hayton Snow Goose Reserve. Snow Geese by the thousands start arriving from the Arctic in early October. Typically 70,000 to 90,000 winter in North Puget Sound until late March or April.
The Fraser-Skagit Population Dynamic: "Snow geese that over-winter in northwest Washington comprise a unique population of intercontinental travelers shared by three countries: the United States, Canada and Russia. These snow geese make an arduous, annual flight to Russia’s Chuckchi Sea, to breed on Wrangel Island off the north coast of Siberia. They are called the Fraser-Skagit population, because the same identification collaring/banding studies that disclosed details of their migration timing and itinerary, found that snow geese of this group had a high fidelity to one nesting site on Wrangel Island and to one wintering area, here. They stay apart from the other snow geese aggregations that nest separately on Wrangel and winter in California." ~ wdfw.wa.gov
I made this trip to see the spawning aggregations of Goliath Groupers. The week before I arrived there were torrential rains and strong winds from the southwest which had blown the Gulf Stream far offshore. The water was stirred up, green, full of floc, and with a thermocline around 40-55’. But the Goliaths were still there and really impressive!! Frequently 15-30 or more per wreck; it was hard to count with the limited vis. I will be planning to come back next year hoping for better picture taking conditions.
Microscopic photo showing paratrabecular aggregations of lymphoma cells which are positive for CD20. IHC stain. 40X Jian-Hua Qiao, MD, FCAP, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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This mosaic was created from an aggregation of portraits using the original portrait as a base layer. Learn more about the portrait in this article: www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2013/01/worl....
"Twenty-six thousand years ago in the Czech Republic, one of our ice-age ancestors selected a hunk of mammoth ivory and carved this enigmatic portrait of a woman - the oldest ever found. By looking at artefacts like this as works of art, rather than archaeological finds, a new exhibition at the British Museum in London hopes to help us see them and their creators with new eyes.
Human ancestors date back millions of years, but the earliest evidence of the human mind producing symbolic imagery as a form of creative expression cannot be much older than 100,000 years. That evidence comes from Africa: this exhibition explores the later dawning of representative art in Europe and shows that even before the remarkable paintings of the Lascaux cave, France, humans were able to make work as subtle as the expressive face above.
"By looking at the oldest European sculptures and drawings we are looking at the deep history of how our brains began to store, transform and communicate ideas as visual images," says Jill Cook, the show's curator. "The exhibition will show that we can recognise and appreciate these images. Even if their messages and intentions are lost to us, the skill and artistry will still astonish the viewer."
Cook points to a figurative 23,000-year-old mammoth ivory sculpture from Lespugue, France, which is also in the exhibition. It so fascinated Pablo Picasso with its cubist qualities that he kept two copies of it. "This figure demonstrates a visual brain capable of abstraction, the essential quality needed to acquire and manipulate knowledge which underpins our ability to analyse what we see," says Cook."
Abstract
Space medicine research has drawn immense attention toward provision of efficient life support systems during long-term missions into space. However, in extended missions, a wide range of diseases may affect astronauts. In space medicine research, the gastrointestinal microbiome and its role in maintaining astronauts' health has received little attention.
We would like to draw researchers' attention to the significant role of microbiota. Because of the high number of microorganisms in the human body, man has been called a 'supra-organism' and gastrointestinal flora has been referred to as 'a virtual organ of the human body'.
In space, the lifestyle, sterility of spaceship and environmental stresses can result in alterations in intestinal microbiota, which can lead to an impaired immunity and predispose astronauts to illness. This concern is heightened by increase in virulence of pathogens in microgravity. Thus, design of a personal probiotic kit is recommended to improve the health status of astronauts.
Introduction
Living in space has been a great desire for mankind, leading to the development of space stations for long-duration manned space missions. The design of a life support system is needed to maintain the minimum life requirements for humans in space by conserving a stable body temperature, a standard pressure on the body and by managing waste products.
So far, the majority of research in this area has been devoted to the human primary requirements such as air, water and food. Furthermore, a life support system deals with astronauts' healthcare. Although health status of the astronauts such as immunological and physiological problems has been investigated, less attention has been paid to the intestinal microbiome and its significant role in the astronaut's health.
Immunological and physiological health problems could occur when considering the identified increase in the virulence and antibiotic resistance of some infectious bacteria exposed to microgravity, along with possible weakening of the immune system during space flight. Compensating for these alterations may not only enhance the health and immunity status of astronauts, but might have possible effects on enhancing the duration of space journeys.
For many years, the importance of intestinal flora in human health and disease has been known to man. Researchers have suggested a possible association between the changes in the balance of gut flora and several diseases. At the end of the Human Genome Project, the aggregation of flora genes within the human genome was named the 'human metagenome, highlighting the crucial role of the microbiome in the maintenance of health.
This perspective highlights the crucial role of the microbiome in the health and/or disease status in astronauts. Considering astronauts' special health and nutrition needs in orbit, it could be advantageous to develop probiotics for each crew member. These healthy bacteria could then be consumed during long-duration missions to replenish the intestinal microbiome.
The Human Intestine & the Microbiome
Today 'gut health' is a term increasingly used in the medical literature to describe effective digestion and absorption, the absence of gastrointestinal lesions, presence of normal intestinal microflora and proper immune function. However, from a scientific point of view, it is still extremely unclear what gut health is or how it can be defined and/or measured.
The interactions between the gastrointestinal barrier and the microbiome appear to be a complex mechanism that assists in maintaining gut health. The gastrointestinal tract contributes to digestion and absorption of nutrients, minerals and fluids, osmoregulation, endocrine regulation and host metabolism, mucosal and systemic tolerance, immunoenhancement, defense against potential pathogens and harmful substances, signaling from the periphery to the brain, and detoxification of toxic molecules originating from the environment or the host.
Recognition of the importance of gastrointestinal health and microflora can be an important asset to astronauts' health.
Across the large surface of the digestive tract, healthy and pathogenic bacteria compete for dominance. With such a huge exposure area, the immune system has a hard task of hindering pathogens from entering the blood and lymph. The presence of a balance between beneficial and potentially harmful bacteria is considered normal and contributes to a dynamic and healthy human gut.
One way to maintain this homeostasis is to introduce helpful bacteria or probiotics. After the first suggestion of the health benefits of probiotics in the early 20th century by Nobel Laureate Metchnikoff, many bacterial strains have been clinically tested as potential probiotics. Probiotics are thought to play a health-promoting role by improving intestinal microbial infections.
The surface area, apparent balance of microflora and health impact of the human gut reminds us that this complex organ must not be forgotten as one factor in long-duration spaceflight health.
Stress & Gut Microbiome
The Human Genome Project revealed that the human body is the habitat of microbial symbionts ten-times more in number than Homo sapiens cells. The recognition of the complex interactional environment between the human and our symbiotic microflora led researchers to name this the 'human microbiome'.
In the human gut, the microbiome directly influences biochemical, physiological and immunological pathways and is the first line of resistance to various diseases.
Traveling can act as an environmental stress causing changes in the microbiome composition or its gene expression. This may lead to the transient (as in travelers' diarrhea) or permanent dominance of pathogenic gut bacteria. Recently, it was shown that exposure to a social stressor altered the composition of the intestinal microbiome, indicating stressor-induced immunomodulation.
It was demonstrated that stressor exposure changes the stability of the microflora and leads to bacterial translocation. Circulating levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 increased with stressor exposure and these increases were significantly and positively correlated to changes in three bacterial genera (i.e., Coprococcus, Pseudobutyrivibrio and Dorea) in the cecum.
This suggested that the microbiome somehow contributed to stressor-induced immunoenhancement. To test the theory, in follow-up experiments, mice were treated with an antibiotic cocktail to determine whether reducing microflora would annul this stressor-induced increase in circulating cytokines.
In the antibiotic-treated mice, exposure to the same stressor failed to increase IL-6 and MCP-1 confirming that intestinal microflora were necessary for the observed increase in circulating cytokines.
Microgravity Stress Alters Bacterial Virulence
Studies have shown an increase in the virulence, changes in growth modulation and alterations in response to antibiotics in certain bacteria both in space and simulated microgravity. Significant technological and logistical hurdles have hindered thorough genotypic and phenotypic analyses of bacterial response to actual space environment.
In this line, Wilson et al. cultured Salmonella enterica Typhimurium aboard space shuttle mission STS-115 with identical cultures as ground controls. Global microarray and proteomic analyses were carried out and 167 differentially expressed transcripts and 73 proteins were identified among which conserved RNA-binding protein Hfq was suggested as a likely global regulator involved in the response to spaceflight.
Similar results were obtained with ground-based microgravity culture model. Furthermore, spaceflight-grown S. enterica Typhimurium had enhanced virulence in murine models and exhibited extracellular matrix accumulation consistent with a biofilm. Typhimurium grown in spaceflight analog exhibited increased virulence, increased resistance to environmental stresses (acid, osmotic and thermal stress), increased survival in macrophages and global changes in gene expression.
Low-shear modeled microgravity rendered adherent–invasive Escherichia coli more adherent to a mammalian gastrointestinal epithelial-like cell line, Caco-2. Simulated microgravity conditions markedly increased production of the heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic E. coli. Upon a 12-day exposure to low-shear modeled microgravity, Candida albicans exhibited increased filamentation, formation of biofilm communities, phenotypic switching and more resistance to the antifungal agent amphotericin B.
Only one virulence gene was found among 163 differentially expressed genes in simulated microgravity grown S. Typhimurium and actually, most virulence genes were expressed at a lower level (including genes involved in lipopolysaccharide production). Furthermore, sigma factor (a transcription factor responsible for a general stress response) was not thought to be a cause, since a decreased level of its gene expression was observed in simulated microgravity.
The mechanism of enhanced virulence of S. Typhimurium grown in actual spaceflight and rotating wall vessel culture conditions does not involve an increased expression of traditional genes that regulate the virulence of this bacterium under normal gravity conditions; however, Hfq pathway is required for full virulence in S. Typhimurium.
Biofilm formation is part of the normal growth cycle of most bacteria and this film is linked to chronic diseases that are difficult to treat such as endocarditis, cystitis and bacterial otitis media. Bacterial biofilm creates superior resistance to oxidative, osmolarity, pH and antibiotic stresses.
Theoretically, bacterial biofilm production, which enhances bacterial survival by resistance to the immune system and antimicrobial agents, may increase the risk and/or severity of infection in long-term space missions. Diminished gravity has been shown to stimulate bacterial biofilm formation both in E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In a study by Crabbe et al. in 2008, rotating wall vessel technology was exploited to study the effect of microgravity on growth behavior of P. aeruginosa PAO1.
Rotating wall vessel cultivation resulted in a self-aggregating phenotype, which subsequently led to formation of biofilms. In a second study in 2010, the same researchers employed microarrays to investigate the response of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to low-shear modeled microgravity both in rotating wall vessel and random position machine.
P. aeruginosa demonstrated increased alginate production and upregulation of AlgU-controlled transcripts (including those coding for stress-related proteins) in modeled microgravity. Results of the study also implicated the involvement of Hfq in response of P. aeruginosa to simulated microgravity. Involvement of Hfq in response of P. aeruginosa to actual spaceflight was later confirmed in another study.
In addition, there is concern that antibiotic-resistance increases during short-term spaceflight. The MIC of both colistin and kanamycin increased significantly in E. coli grown aboard the flight module compared with the MIC on the ground. A similar increase in the MIC of oxacillin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol was reported in Staphylococcus aureus. This has led to concerns that the efficacy of antibiotics may be diminished during even short orbital missions.
It has been hypothesized that reduction in the natural, terrestrial diversity of the gastrointestinal bacterial microflora in spaceflight may give rise to an increase in the presence of the drug-resistant bacteria. It has also been postulated that the emergence of such resistant clones could be facilitated by the administration of antibiotics either before or during the flight.
Emergence of drug resistance is also facilitated by bacterial mutation which occurs more frequently in long-term spaceflights. Overall, there is the possibility that drug-resistant bacteria could colonize all crew members on a mission, giving rise to a difficult-to-treat healthcare problem.
Spaceflight & the Microbiome
In an attempt to protect astronauts from exposure to novel pathogens preflight, several guidelines are carried out. Prelaunch, crew members are limited both in travel and visitors to limit pathogen exposure. Therefore, crew members tend to launch with normal gut microflora and with a reduced risk of gut infection.
Items flown to the International Space Station (ISS) are cleaned before loading to limit introducing bacteria to the environment. Once in orbit, all areas in the ISS have ultra-high-efficiency bacterial filters in the air supply ducts to reduce the levels of bacteria and fungi. Finally, cleaning of the surfaces of the modules is a regular 'housekeeping' chore to limit bacterial and fungal growth.
Still, microorganisms exist on the ISS. No matter how much cleaning is done, microorganisms are continuously shed from skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts or can be released by sneezing, coughing and talking. Specimens were obtained for mycological examination from the skin, throat, urine and feces of the six astronauts who conducted the Apollo 14 and Apollo 15 lunar exploration missions both before and after flight.
Analysis of preflight data demonstrated that the process of severely restricting opportunities for colonization for 3 weeks before flight resulted in a 50% reduction in the number of isolated species. Postflight data indicated that exposure to the spaceflight environment for up to 2 weeks resulted in an even greater reduction with a relative increase in the potential pathogen C. albicans.
The compositions of intestinal, oral and nasal flora have been shown to change even during short spaceflights. In one study, a reduction in the number of nonpathogenic bacteria and an increase in the number of opportunistic pathogens has been reported in the nasal flora of cosmonauts. A significant reduction in the number of bacterial species of the intestine has been seen after 2 weeks of spaceflight.
These observations were similar to changes seen in ground volunteers who were kept in isolation, in which volunteers were fed only sterilized, dehydrated foods. A significant decrease in the number of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and other bacteria was seen. In a Russian experiment, a decrease in lactobacilli (and replacement with pathogens) were seen in mouth and throat cavities in all mission members in in-flight period.
Spaceflights and even the preparation phase before take-off can exert dysbiosis in the human microflora which results in reduction of the defense group of microorganisms (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and appearance of opportunistic pathogens such as E. coli, enterobacteria and clostridia. Subsequently, this procedure can lead to accumulation of the potentially pathogenic species and their long-term persistence.
Colonization resistance is one of the factors that needs to be taken into account to stabilize the microflora of the cosmonauts during space flights. Indigenous microflora are vital for preservation of microecological homeostasis. It has been hypothesized that a regular intake of probiotic foods might be helpful in correcting this change.
Human microflora functions as a barrier against antigens from microorganisms and food. Alterations in the microbiome composition have been reported in inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory conditions, ulcerative colitis and more. Healthy immunophysiologic regulation in the gut has been hypothesized to depend on the establishment of indigenous microflora that create specific immune responses at the gut and system levels.
Furthermore, gut microflora has a role in induction and maintenance of oral tolerance in experimental animal models. Changes in the diversity and number of gut microflora have been linked to a deficient immune system as well as immunological dysregulation which is associated with many human noninfectious diseases such as autoimmunity, allergy and cancer.
Reinforcing this concept of health symbiosis, studies of germ-free animal showed wide-ranging defects in the development and maturation of gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Another way of viewing this health interaction comes from the data that ten Salmonella bacteria have been shown to induce infection in germ-free mice, while 109 bacteria are needed to induce infection in a conventional animal possessing intact intestinal microflora.
To maintain astronaut health on orbit, an awareness of the importance of a balanced gut microbiome to maintaining the immune homeostasis and resistance to infections is valuable.
Previous studies have shown that important immune parameters are decreased during spaceflight. Reductions in the number and proportion of lymphocytes and their cytokine production, depression of dendritic cells function and T-cell activation, and finally reduction in numbers of monocytes and precursors of macrophages, have been noted.
In one study, stresses associated with spaceflight were shown to alter important functions of neutrophils and monocytes. In another study, the astronauts' monocyte functions showed reductions in their ability to engulf E. coli, elicit an oxidative burst and degranulation. Non-MHC-restricted (CD56) killer cell cytotoxicity tends to decrease after short-term spaceflight.
In the latter study, the authors examined the age, gender (nine men and one woman), flight experience, mission factors and mission role (e.g., pilot, scientist or crew) of the astronauts and found no correlation between these variables and individual non-MHC killer cell function levels.
Therefore, other factors may contribute to the compromised immune system in space. Decreased natural killer cell cytotoxicity in cosmonauts after short- and long-term spaceflights have also been reported. Reductions in absolute numbers of lymphocytes, eosinophils and natural killer cells, reduced lymphocyte mitogenic response, diminished delayed-type hypersensitivity, changes in CD4+:CD8+ ratios and reduced production of IL-2 and IFN-γ have also been reported.
The immune system changes of astronauts as well as environmental stress may have been a factor in known incidents of infectious illness in crew members. During the Apollo 8 preflight period for instance, all crew members suffered viral gastroenteritis. During flight, the effects of mission duration on the neuroimmune responses in astronauts were studied and changes in plasma cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, total IgE levels, number of white blood cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and CD4+ T cells were found at different times.
Upper respiratory problems, influenza, viral gastroenteritis, rhinitis, pharyngitis or mild dermatologic problems were among the illnesses that astronauts faced during Apollo spaceflights. Reactivation of varicellas zoster virus, herpes virus and shedding of Epstein–Barr virus was also found in space shuttle crew members.
In astronauts of the Mir station, analyses demonstrated a significant number of episodes of microbial infections, including conjunctivitis, acute respiratory events and dental infections. Future Perspective: Considering Probiotics as a Countermeasure
On Earth, probiotics have been shown to improve both innate and adaptive immune responses. Oral bacteriotherapy with probiotic bacterial strains is believed to improve the intestine's immunologic barrier, particularly through intestinal IgA responses and alleviation of inflammatory reactions. A gut-stabilizing effect seems to occur through a balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG has been shown to inhibit TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion of human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) cells and to reduce elevated fecal concentration of TNF-α in patients with atopic dermatitis and cow milk allergy. On the other hand, ingestion of lactobacilli in fermented milk products or as live-attenuated bacteria potentiated the IFN-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Oral administration of lactobacilli increased the systemic and mucosal IgA response to dietary antigens. Oral supplementation with Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium breve enhanced the antibody response to ovalbumin and stimulated the IgA response to cholera toxin in mice. An increase in the humoral immune response including an increase in rotavirus-specific antibody-secreting cells in the IgA class was also detected in children and individuals receiving L. rhamnosus GG.
Isolauri et al. reported that infants receiving a reassortant live oral rotavirus vaccine in conjunction with L. rhamnosus GG had a higher frequency of rotavirus-specific IgM class antibody-secreting cells. An increased incidence of rotavirus-specific IgA antibody class seroconversion compared with placebo subjects was also seen. IgA+ cells and IL-6-producing cells increased in number after 7 days of Lactobacillus casei administration.
In another study, administration of lactic acid bacteria stimulated the gut immune cells to release inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-12, and regulatory cytokines like IL-4 and IL- 10 in a dose- and strain-dependent manner. Several lactobacilli strains have been shown to promote the immunopotentiator capacity of cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages. Examples of probiotics that can modulate the gut immune system are abundant and have been reviewed extensively.
Buckley et al. have suggested that consumption of soy-based fermented products (containing lactic acid bacteria) can prevent the health problems of astronauts associated with long-term space travel. Assessment of soy-based fermented products by in vitro challenge system (using TNF-α) with human intestinal epithelial and macrophage cell lines has demonstrated the ability of the intervention to downregulate production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8.
Considering the importance of the human gut in healthy digestion, nutrient absorption and exposure to pathogens across its large surface area, a healthy digestive tract is important to a healthy human. Diet, lifestyle, antibiotic therapy, different kinds of stressful conditions and so on, can exert alterations in an astronaut's gut microbiome in space.
Considering potential immune system alterations from gut microflora changes, antibiotic use in orbit and changes of increased virulence and antibiotic resistance of bacteria in space, physicians who care for astronauts must remember the importance of the intestinal microbiome to their health status. From this perspective, an impaired digestive system might endanger the mission as well as the health of the astronaut. One countermeasure to be considered would be replenishing the astronaut's intestinal microflora by introducing immune-enhancing probiotic bacteria periodically during the mission.
Diet, lifestyle, antibiotic therapy and various environmental stresses, and so on, can exert alterations in an astronaut's gut microbiome in space and impair their immune system.
Although single probiotics have sometimes been shown to promote health, the human microbiome is composed of more than 400 microbial species, most of which remain uncultured and have as yet unknown functions. The Human Microbiome Project will certainly pave the way for us to increase our understanding of these microbial entities.[4] Thus, providing only a single probiotic might not be the answer.
Contrary to numerous previous investigations and clinical trials in which only effects of single or a couple of probiotics have been studied, we think multiprobiotic therapy and/or designing individualized probiotic kits seems a more reasonable option. A series of experiments need to be launched to confirm the efficacy and safety of using probiotics in space.
Safety studies are of equal importance as efficacy studies, since astronauts are immunocompromised (although as discussed above, much of this may return to washing out of microflora in space). These studies can be carried out initially in ground-based space analogs and further followed in actual space (first on animal models and then on humans). The lifestyle of astronauts can be simulated in these studies and after interventions; the composition of microbiota (including opportunistic pathogens) along with immunological markers should be determined.
Both short- and long-term confinement and actual spaceflight studies can be designed. The administration and/or consumption of probiotics is supposed to have immune-enhancing effects, hinder alterations in the human microbiome to a large extent and prevent colonization of potential pathogens. Upon observation of possible benefits, probiotics can be incorporated into astronauts' food or supplied periodically as a probiotic kit.
This line of research can be followed by NASA scientists and other space agencies to enhance the quality of life of astronauts and to contribute to human presence in space.
Surprisingly, this may bring a future where astronauts utilize probiotic bacteria to counteract the potential effect of pathogenic bacteria during spaceflight.
Fried Egg Jellyfish (Cotylorhiza tuberculata). Cotylorhiza tuberculata is a species of jellyfish, also known as the Fried Egg Jellyfish or Mediterranean Jelly. It is commonly found in aggregations in the Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea and Adriatic Sea. The scientific name Cotylorhiza is derived from the Greek words “κοντύλι,” meaning cup, and “ρίζα,” meaning root.
The genus Cotylorhiza belongs to the family Cepheidae, order Rhizostomeae, class Scyphozoa, phylum Cnidaria and kingdom Animalia.
A typical adult Fried Egg Jellyfish measures 35 cm in diameter, though they can reach 50 cm across. The smooth, elevated dome of this elegant creature is surrounded by a gutter-like ring. The marginal lappets are elongated and sub-rectangular. Each mouth-arm bifurcates near its base and branches several times. In addition to some larger appendages there are many short, club-shaped ones that bear disk-like ends.
These jellies primarily feed on zooplankton and reproduce asexually. Larvae attach themselves to a hard ocean surface and grow in a polyp colony that looks like a stack of saucers. The tiny babies are then released from capsules, like spaceships and drift away.
With their alien-like appearance, jellyfish are notorious for their stinging nature and often dreaded by humans and other sea creatures alike. But the Cotylorhiza tuberculata touch is relatively harmless to both humans as well as the juvenile mackerel fish which dart in and out of the jelly mass. In fact, the Fried Egg Jellyfish is a floating safe house for the juvenile mackerel while it moves around with the planktonic drift.
Little is known about what leads to population explosions of jellyfish, but researchers attribute this phenomenon to favourable circumstances in the ecosystem. When the conditions are right there is a bloom. The sight of a medusa swarm can be breathtaking, as these docile creatures float graciously onward. Whenever there happens such a year with huge populations of jellyfish in general, swimmers and divers alike get concerned, such as what happened around the Maltese Islands two years ago. However, the following year there was almost nothing. Most Cotylorhiza tuberculata blooms around the Maltese Islands happen during the month of September.
One of Cotylorhiza tuberculata‘s natural predators is the sea turtle Caretta caretta. Luckily, the Fried Egg Jellyfish is not in immediate danger of disappearance, unlike the Caretta caretta. Yet, they are still important in the balance of sea life, as all these components are interconnected. In an optimal ecosystem, the system is even more stable with more biodiversity.Photo by Ellie Dobbs, Gnejna Bay, Malta 23-08-18
PROJECT:
Aggregations
PHOTO CREDIT:
Aranda\Lasch
Exhibit: Johnson Trading Gallery
Location: Design Miami/ 2008, Miami, Florida, USA
"Rest"
Venice is best described by an aggregation of romantic adjectives that complete justice to the impeccable countenance and postcard beauty of the Italian stunner...
Such a beautiful place, I haven't been there but I will... one day
This photo was taken by Lee@ADNW: adaynotwasted.com/, great job Lee!
16" x 20"
oil painting with palette knife
canvas
This video by Leila Shirai shows an aggregation of ithomiine butterflies (Eupityches eupompe) that happens during winter at Intervales State Park, Brazil. I am happy to have contributed with one scene = )
More information in Shirai, L. et al. 2017. Aggregation of Epityches eupompe (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini) in southern Brazil. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 27(2):111-114.
Giraffe with Oxpeckers
Giraffe mit Madenhackern
Kruger National Park is one of the largest game reserves in Africa. It covers an area of 19,485 km2 (7,523 sq mi) in the provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga in northeastern South Africa, and extends 360 km (220 mi) from north to south and 65 km (40 mi) from east to west. The administrative headquarters are in Skukuza. Areas of the park were first protected by the government of the South African Republic in 1898, and it became South Africa's first national park in 1926.
To the west and south of the Kruger National Park are the two South African provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga. In the north is Zimbabwe, and to the east is Mozambique. It is now part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park, a peace park that links Kruger National Park with the Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe, and with the Limpopo National Park in Mozambique.
The park is part of the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere an area designated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as an International Man and Biosphere Reserve (the "Biosphere").
The park has nine main gates allowing entrance to the different camps.
(Wikipedia)
The giraffe (Giraffa) is an African artiodactyl mammal, the tallest living terrestrial animal and the largest ruminant. It is traditionally considered to be one species, Giraffa camelopardalis, with nine subspecies. However, the existence of up to eight extant giraffe species has been described, based upon research into the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as morphological measurements of Giraffa. Seven other species are extinct, prehistoric species known from fossils.
The giraffe's chief distinguishing characteristics are its extremely long neck and legs, its horn-like ossicones, and its distinctive coat patterns. It is classified under the family Giraffidae, along with its closest extant relative, the okapi. Its scattered range extends from Chad in the north to South Africa in the south, and from Niger in the west to Somalia in the east. Giraffes usually inhabit savannahs and woodlands. Their food source is leaves, fruits and flowers of woody plants, primarily acacia species, which they browse at heights most other herbivores cannot reach. They may be preyed on by lions, leopards, spotted hyenas and African wild dogs. Giraffes live in herds of related females and their offspring, or bachelor herds of unrelated adult males, but are gregarious and may gather in large aggregations. Males establish social hierarchies through "necking", which are combat bouts where the neck is used as a weapon. Dominant males gain mating access to females, which bear the sole responsibility for raising the young.
The giraffe has intrigued various cultures, both ancient and modern, for its peculiar appearance, and has often been featured in paintings, books, and cartoons. It is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as vulnerable to extinction, and has been extirpated from many parts of its former range. Giraffes are still found in numerous national parks and game reserves but estimates as of 2016 indicate that there are approximately 97,500 members of Giraffa in the wild. More than 1,600 were kept in zoos in 2010.
The name "giraffe" has its earliest known origins in the Arabic word zarāfah (زرافة), perhaps borrowed from the animal's Somali name geri. The Arab name is translated as "fast-walker". There were several Middle English spellings, such as jarraf, ziraph, and gerfauntz. The Italian form giraffa arose in the 1590s. The modern English form developed around 1600 from the French girafe. "Camelopard" is an archaic English name for the giraffe deriving from the Ancient Greek for camel and leopard, referring to its camel-like shape and its leopard-like colouring.
Fully grown giraffes stand 4.3–5.7 m (14.1–18.7 ft) tall, with males taller than females. The tallest recorded male was 5.88 m (19.3 ft) and the tallest recorded female was 5.17 m (17.0 ft) tall. The average weight is 1,192 kg (2,628 lb) for an adult male and 828 kg (1,825 lb) for an adult female with maximum weights of 1,930 kg (4,250 lb) and 1,180 kg (2,600 lb) having been recorded for males and females, respectively. Despite its long neck and legs, the giraffe's body is relatively short. Located at both sides of the head, the giraffe's large, bulging eyes give it good all-round vision from its great height. Giraffes see in colour and their senses of hearing and smell are also sharp. The animal can close its muscular nostrils to protect against sandstorms and ants.
The giraffe's prehensile tongue is about 45 cm (18 in) long. It is purplish-black in colour, perhaps to protect against sunburn, and is useful for grasping foliage, as well as for grooming and cleaning the animal's nose. The upper lip of the giraffe is also prehensile and useful when foraging and is covered in hair to protect against thorns. The tongue, and inside of the mouth are covered in papillae.
The coat has dark blotches or patches (which can be orange, chestnut, brown, or nearly black in colour) separated by light hair (usually white or cream in colour). Male giraffes become darker as they age. The coat pattern has been claimed to serve as camouflage in the light and shade patterns of savannah woodlands. Giraffe calves inherit some spot pattern traits from their mothers, and variation in some spot traits are correlated with neonatal survival. The skin underneath the dark areas may serve as windows for thermoregulation, being sites for complex blood vessel systems and large sweat glands. Each individual giraffe has a unique coat pattern.
The skin of a giraffe is mostly gray. Its thickness allows the animal to run through thorn bushes without being punctured. The fur may serve as a chemical defence, as its parasite repellents give the animal a characteristic scent. At least 11 main aromatic chemicals are in the fur, although indole and 3-methylindole are responsible for most of the smell. Because the males have a stronger odour than the females, the odour may also have sexual function. Along the animal's neck is a mane made of short, erect hairs. The one-metre (3.3-ft) tail ends in a long, dark tuft of hair and is used as a defense against insects.
Giraffes usually inhabit savannahs and open woodlands. They prefer Acacieae, Commiphora, Combretum and open Terminalia woodlands over denser environments like Brachystegia woodlands.The Angolan giraffe can be found in desert environments. Giraffes browse on the twigs of trees, preferring trees of the subfamily Acacieae and the genera Commiphora and Terminalia, which are important sources of calcium and protein to sustain the giraffe's growth rate. They also feed on shrubs, grass and fruit. A giraffe eats around 34 kg (75 lb) of foliage daily. When stressed, giraffes may chew the bark off branches. Although herbivorous, the giraffe has been known to visit carcasses and lick dried meat off bones.
During the wet season, food is abundant and giraffes are more spread out, while during the dry season, they gather around the remaining evergreen trees and bushes. Mothers tend to feed in open areas, presumably to make it easier to detect predators, although this may reduce their feeding efficiency. As a ruminant, the giraffe first chews its food, then swallows it for processing and then visibly passes the half-digested cud up the neck and back into the mouth to chew again. It is common for a giraffe to salivate while feeding. The giraffe requires less food than many other herbivores because the foliage it eats has more concentrated nutrients and it has a more efficient digestive system. The animal's faeces come in the form of small pellets. When it has access to water, a giraffe drinks at intervals no longer than three days.
Giraffes have a great effect on the trees that they feed on, delaying the growth of young trees for some years and giving "waistlines" to trees that are too tall. Feeding is at its highest during the first and last hours of daytime. Between these hours, giraffes mostly stand and ruminate. Rumination is the dominant activity during the night, when it is mostly done lying down.
Giraffes are usually found in groups that vary in size and composition according to ecological, anthropogenic, temporal, and social factors. Traditionally, the composition of these groups had been described as open and ever-changing. For research purposes, a "group" has been defined as "a collection of individuals that are less than a kilometre apart and moving in the same general direction." More recent studies have found that giraffes have long-term social associations and may form groups or pairs based on kinship, sex or other factors. These groups may regularly associate with one another in larger communities or sub-communities within a fission–fusion society. The number of giraffes in a group can range up to 66 individuals.
Giraffe groups tend to be sex-segregated although mixed-sex groups made of adult females and young males are known to occur. Particularly stable giraffe groups are those made of mothers and their young, which can last weeks or months. Social cohesion in these groups is maintained by the bonds formed between calves. Female association appears to be based on space-use and individuals may be matrilineally related. In general, females are more selective than males in who they associate with in regards to individuals of the same sex. Young males also form groups and will engage in playfights. However, as they get older males become more solitary but may also associate in pairs or with female groups. Giraffes are not territorial, but they have home ranges that vary according to rainfall and proximity to human settlements. Male giraffes occasionally wander far from areas that they normally frequent.
Although generally quiet and non-vocal, giraffes have been heard to communicate using various sounds. During courtship, males emit loud coughs. Females call their young by bellowing. Calves will emit snorts, bleats, mooing and mewing sounds. Giraffes also snore, hiss, moan, grunt and make flute-like sounds. During nighttime, giraffes appear to hum to each other above the infrasound range for purposes which are unclear.
(Wikipedia)
The oxpeckers are two species of bird which make up the genus Buphagus, from Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), meaning "ox", and φάγος (phágos), meaning "eater", and family Buphagidae. The oxpeckers were formerly usually treated as a subfamily, Buphaginae, within the starling family, Sturnidae, but molecular phylogenetic studies have consistently shown that they form a separate lineage that is basal to the sister clades containing the Sturnidae and the Mimidae (mockingbirds, thrashers, and allies). Oxpeckers are endemic to the savanna of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Both the English and scientific names arise from their habit of perching on large mammals (both wild and domesticated) such as cattle, zebras, impalas, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and giraffes, eating ticks, small insects, botfly larvae, and other parasites, as well as the animals' blood. The behaviour of oxpeckers towards large mammals was thought to be exclusively mutual, though recent research suggests the relationship can be parasitic in nature as well.
The Swahili name for the red-billed oxpecker is Askari wa kifaru (the rhino's guard).
Taxonomy
The genus Buphagus was introduced in 1760 by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson with the yellow-billed oxpecker as the type species. The name comes from Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), meaning "ox", and φάγος (phágos), meaning "eater".
According to the more recent studies of Muscicapoidea phylogeny, the oxpeckers are an ancient line related to Mimidae (mockingbirds and thrashers) and starlings but not particularly close to either. Considering the known biogeography of these groups, the most plausible explanation seems that the oxpecker lineage originated in Eastern or Southeastern Asia like the other two. This would make the two species of Buphagus something like living fossils, and demonstrates that such remnants of past evolution can possess striking and unique autapomorphic adaptations.
Distribution and habitat
The oxpeckers are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, where they occur in most open habitats. They are absent from the driest deserts and the rainforests. Their distribution is restricted by the presence of their preferred prey, specific species of ticks, and the animal hosts of those ticks. The two species of oxpecker are sympatric over much of East Africa and may even occur on the same host animal. The nature of the interactions between the two species is unknown.
Behaviour
Diet and feeding
Oxpeckers graze exclusively on the bodies of large mammals. Certain species are seemingly preferred, whereas others, like the Lichtenstein's hartebeest or topi are generally avoided. Smaller antelope such as lechwe, duikers and reedbuck are also avoided; the smallest regularly used species is the impala, probably because of the heavy tick load and social nature of that species. In many parts of their range they now feed on cattle, but avoid camels. They feed on ectoparasites, particularly ticks, as well as insects infesting wounds and the flesh and blood of some wounds as well. They are sometimes classified as parasites, because they open wounds on the animals' backs.
Oxpecker/mammal interactions are the subject of some debate and ongoing research. They were originally thought to be an example of mutualism, but recent evidence suggests that oxpeckers may be parasites instead. Oxpeckers do eat ticks, but often the ticks have already fed on the ungulate host, and no statistically significant link has been shown between oxpecker presence and reduced ectoparasite load. Oxpeckers have been observed to open new wounds and enhance existing ones in order to drink the blood of their perches. Oxpeckers also feed on the earwax and dandruff of mammals; less is known about the possible benefits of this to the mammal, but it is suspected that this is also a parasitic behaviour. Some oxpeckers' hosts are intolerant of their presence. Elephants and some antelope will actively dislodge the oxpeckers when they land. However there have been noted instances of elephants allowing oxpeckers to eat parasites off of them. Other species tolerate oxpeckers while they search for ticks on their faces, which one author says "appears ... to be an uncomfortable and invasive process."
Breeding
The breeding season of the oxpeckers, in at least one location, is linked to the rainy season, which affects the activity of their mammalian hosts and the tick loads of those hosts. Both courtship and copulation occur on their hosts as well. They nest in holes, usually in trees but sometimes in other types of cavity, including holes in walls. The nests are lined with grasses and often with hair plucked from their hosts and even livestock such as sheep which are not usually used. The typical clutch is between two and three eggs, but the red-billed oxpecker may lay up to five eggs.
Roosting
Red-billed oxpeckers have been known to roost in reeds and trees. Studies of large savanna herbivores using cameras at night have shown that both species of oxpecker (but more often in yellow-billed oxpecker) may also roost on the bodies of herbivores, hanging under the insides of the thighs of giraffe and on top of impala and buffalo.
(Wikipedia)
Der Kruger-Nationalpark (deutsch häufig falsch Krüger-Nationalpark) ist das größte Wildschutzgebiet Südafrikas. Er liegt im Nordosten des Landes in der Landschaft des Lowveld auf dem Gebiet der Provinz Limpopo sowie des östlichen Abschnitts von Mpumalanga. Seine Fläche erstreckt sich vom Crocodile-River im Süden bis zum Limpopo, dem Grenzfluss zu Simbabwe, im Norden. Die Nord-Süd-Ausdehnung beträgt etwa 350 km, in Ost-West-Richtung ist der Park durchschnittlich 54 km breit und umfasst eine Fläche von rund 20.000 Quadratkilometern. Damit gehört er zu den größten Nationalparks in Afrika.
Das Schutzgebiet wurde am 26. März 1898 unter dem Präsidenten Paul Kruger als Sabie Game Reserve zum Schutz der Wildnis gegründet. 1926 erhielt das Gebiet den Status Nationalpark und wurde in seinen heutigen Namen umbenannt. Im Park leben 147 Säugetierarten inklusive der „Big Five“, außerdem etwa 507 Vogelarten und 114 Reptilienarten, 49 Fischarten und 34 Amphibienarten.
(Wikipedia)
Die Giraffen (Giraffa) sind eine Gattung der Säugetiere aus der Ordnung der Paarhufer. Ursprünglich wurde ihr mit Giraffa camelopardalis und der Trivialbezeichnung „Giraffe“ nur eine einzige Art zugewiesen. Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen aus dem Jahr 2016 zeigen jedoch, dass die Gattung wenigstens vier Arten mit sieben eigenständigen Populationen umfasst. Die Giraffen stellen die höchsten landlebenden Tiere der Welt. Zur Unterscheidung vom verwandten Okapi (sogenannte „Waldgiraffe“) werden sie auch als Steppengiraffen bezeichnet.
Männchen (Bullen) werden bis zu 6 Meter hoch und wiegen durchschnittlich rund 1600 Kilogramm. Weibchen (Kühe) werden bis zu 4,5 Meter hoch und wiegen etwa 830 Kilogramm bei einer Schulterhöhe zwischen 2 und 3,5 Metern.
Der Hals der Giraffen ist außergewöhnlich lang. Wie bei fast allen Säugetieren besteht die Halswirbelsäule gleichwohl aus nur sieben Halswirbeln, die aber stark verlängert sind. Der Hals wird von einer einzigen, sehr starken Sehne in einem Winkel von etwa 55° gehalten. Die Sehne verläuft vom Hinterkopf der Giraffe bis zum Steiß und ist für den „Höcker“ zwischen Hals und Körper verantwortlich. Der Ruhezustand hält Hals und Kopf in der aufrechten Position; um den Kopf nach unten zu bewegen, z. B. zum Trinken, muss die Giraffe Muskelarbeit aufbringen. Die Zunge kann 50 Zentimeter lang werden. Sie ist zum Greifen befähigt und im vorderen Bereich zum Schutz vor Sonnenbrand stark pigmentiert.
Das Muster des Haarkleids besteht aus dunklen Flecken, die sich von der helleren Grundfarbe abheben. Je nach Art variieren Form und Farbe der Flecken. Die Unterseite ist hell und ungefleckt. Die Flecken dienen der Tarnung und der Regulierung der Körpertemperatur. Im Unterhautgewebe verläuft um jeden Flecken eine ringförmige Arterie, die Äste in den Flecken hinein aussendet. Über eine stärkere Durchblutung kann die Giraffe so mehr Körperwärme abgeben und ist nicht auf Schatten angewiesen. Vor allem bei männlichen Giraffen werden die Flecken mit zunehmenden Alter dunkler. Dies geschieht jedoch nicht bei allen Individuen im gleichen Maß oder in der gleichen Intensität, so dass hellere und dunklere Tiere in derselben Altersklasse auftreten. Nach Untersuchungen an Tieren aus dem Etosha-Nationalpark sind dunklere Altbullen häufig einzelgängerisch und zeichnen sich durch ein dominantes Auftreten gegenüber Geschlechtsgenossen bei der Fortpflanzung aus. Gleichalte hellere Individuen führen dagegen häufig ein Leben im Verband und sind weniger dominant, was zu geringeren Erfolgen in der Verpaarung mit Kühen führt. Demnach gibt die Fellfarbe den sozialen Status eines Individuums wieder.
Der Geruch des Haarkleids ist für den Menschen unangenehm. Giraffenbullen riechen stärker als -kühe. An Fäkalien erinnern speziell die Stoffe Indol und Skatol, darüber hinaus finden sich Octan, Benzaldehyd, Heptanal, Octanal, Nonanal, p-Kresol, Tetradecan- und Hexadecansäure im Fell. Die meisten dieser Verbindungen hemmen das Wachstum von Bakterien oder Pilzen, wie sie auf der Haut von Säugetieren vorkommen. Der Gehalt von p-Kresol im Giraffenhaar ist ausreichend, um Zecken abzuschrecken.
Zwei zapfenartige Hörner sitzen bei beiden Geschlechtern dem Kopf auf. In seltenen Fällen wächst dahinter ein weiteres Hornpaar. Manche Giraffen haben zudem einen knochigen Höcker zwischen den Augen, der ähnlich wie die Hörner strukturiert ist.
Giraffen erreichen eine Spitzengeschwindigkeit von 55 km/h. Die langen Beine können die Giraffe aber nur auf festem Untergrund tragen. Sumpfige Gegenden werden von den Tieren daher gemieden.
Giraffen verständigen sich im für Menschen nicht hörbaren Infraschallbereich mit Frequenzen unter 20 Hertz.
Giraffen sind in afrikanischen Savannen verbreitet. Heute leben sie nur noch südlich der Sahara, vor allem in den Grassteppen Ost- und Südafrikas. Die Bestände nördlich der Sahara wurden frühzeitig durch den Menschen ausgerottet: während des frühen Altertums im Niltal und etwa im 7. Jahrhundert in den Küstenebenen Marokkos und Algeriens. Im 20. Jahrhundert verschwanden Giraffen aus vielen weiteren Bereichen ihres Verbreitungsgebiets.
Giraffen beweiden bevorzugt Akazien. Dabei greifen die Tiere einen Zweig mit ihrer bis zu 50 cm langen Zunge, ziehen ihn ins Maul und streifen durch Zurückziehen des Kopfes die Blätter ab. Zunge und Lippen sind so beschaffen, dass sie trotz der dornigen Äste keinen Schaden nehmen. Durch die hohe Bisskraft und die massiven Mahlzähne können die Äste, Blätter und Zweige zügig kleingemahlen werden und rutschen innerhalb kürzester Zeit den bis zu 2,5 Meter langen Hals herab. Jeden Tag nimmt eine Giraffe etwa 30 kg Nahrung auf; hierfür benötigt sie sechzehn bis zwanzig Stunden. Der Flüssigkeitsbedarf wird größtenteils aus der Nahrung gedeckt, so dass Giraffen wochenlang ohne zu trinken auskommen können. Wenn sie doch trinken, müssen sie die Vorderbeine weit spreizen, um den Kopf weit genug zur Wasserquelle herabsenken zu können; ebenso verfahren sie, wenn sie Nahrung vom Boden aufnehmen, was sie allerdings nur unter sehr ungünstigen Umständen tun.
Giraffen leben einzelgängerisch oder in losen Verbänden. Dabei hängt das Sozialverhalten vom Geschlecht ab: Weibchen tun sich stets zu Herden von 4 bis 32 Tieren zusammen, die jedoch immer wieder in der Zusammensetzung wechseln. Junge oder weniger dominante Männchen formen eigene Verbände, sogenannte Junggesellengruppen, dominante Altbullen sind meist Einzelgänger. Die Gruppengröße ist abhängig vom Lebensraum und wird nicht durch die Anwesenheit größerer Beutegreifer beeinflusst. Auffälligerweise finden sich Kühe mit Nachwuchs häufiger in kleineren Gruppen zusammen. In der Namib im südwestlichen Afrika bilden gemischte Gruppen zumeist größere Verbände als eingeschlechtige Gruppen, wodurch die Geschlechterzusammensetzung einen wichtigen Einfluss darstellt. Demgegenüber nehmen Herden mit Jungtieren nicht an Größe zu, was den Schluss zulässt, dass bei den Giraffen der Schutz des Nachwuchses vor Bejagung nicht über die Gruppengröße gesteuert wird. Einen weiteren wichtigen Faktor bei der Herdenbildung stellt die räumliche Verfügbarkeit von Nahrung dar. Dieser greift aber nicht über die Jahreszeiten hinweg, wodurch Herden als relativ stabil angesehen werden können. Fluktuationen in der Herdengröße sind demnach vom Nahrungsangebot abhängig und können über Tage deutlich schwanken. So kommt es häufig in den Morgen- und Abendstunden zu größeren Zusammenschlüssen, die der gemeinsamen Nahrungsaufnahme dienen.
Treffen zwei Bullen aufeinander, kommt es meistens zu einem ritualisierten Kampf, bei dem die Tiere nebeneinander stehen und ihren Kopf gegen den Hals des Konkurrenten schlagen. Zur Paarungszeit können solche Kämpfe aggressiver ausfallen und eine Heftigkeit annehmen, bei der einer der Konkurrenten bewusstlos geschlagen wird.
Entgegen weit verbreiteter Meinung fressen Giraffen, vor allem in der Trockenzeit, von niedrigen Büschen bzw. auf halber Körperhöhe. Aus diesem Grund wird mittlerweile angezweifelt, dass die Giraffen ihren langen Hals nur aufgrund von Nahrungsauswahl haben. Ein Argument, das gegen die Nahrungsaufnahme-Theorie spricht, ist, dass Giraffen im Laufe der Evolution stärker ihren Hals verlängert haben als ihre Beine. Längere Beine wären jedoch energetisch günstiger, wenn es nur um Höhengewinn gehen würde. Eine aktuelle Theorie für den langen Hals sieht daher den Kampf der Giraffen-Männchen um Dominanz und Weibchen als einen Hauptgrund. Ein langer Hals ist dabei im Kampf vorteilhaft.
Giraffen schlafen mehrmals innerhalb eines 24-Stunden-Tages, dabei liegen sie mit angezogenen Beinen auf dem Bauch, mit dem Kopf nach hinten auf dem Körper. Der Schlaf dauert in der Regel nur kurze Zeit, in mehr als der Hälfte aller Beobachtungen weniger als 11 Minuten, im Maximum bis zu 100 Minuten. Die REM-Phase währt im Mittel 3 Minuten. Es wird angenommen, dass die Tiere in der liegenden Stellung Raubtieren schutzlos ausgeliefert sind, da sie nur langsam aufstehen können und sich durch Treten mit den Beinen verteidigen. Den größten Teil der Nacht verbringen sie mit Wiederkäuen. Tagsüber dösen Giraffen hin und wieder kurz im Stehen, was insgesamt weniger als 50 Minuten eines 24-Stunden-Tages ausmacht. Dadurch kommt ein Individuum auf etwa 4,6 Stunden Schlaf je Tageszyklus. Jungtiere schlafen durchschnittlich länger.
(Wikipedia)
Die Madenhackerstare (Buphagus), auch kurz Madenhacker genannt, sind die einzige Gattung der Vogel-Familie Buphagidae. Die Gruppe umfasst lediglich zwei Arten, die anhand ihrer Schnabelfarbe klassifiziert werden und deren natürlicher Lebensraum die Savannen des mittleren und östlichen Afrikas südlich der Sahara sind. Beide Arten leben dort in offener Symbiose mit großen Haus- oder Wildtieren.
Vormals wurden die Madenhacker meist als Unterfamilie Buphaginae zu den Staren (Sturnidae) gestellt.
Merkmale
Madenhacker haben einen längsovalen Rumpf und ein graubraunes Gefieder, dass zum Bauch hin heller wird und einen eher hellbraune Tönung aufweist. Flügel und Schwanz sind mittellang; der Schwanz ist zum Ende hin zugespitzt. Der rote oder gelbrot gefärbte Schnabel ist mittellang und an der Spitze seitlich abgeflacht. Die Beine und die Zehen sind kurz und stämmig. Die Zehen enden in scharfen Krallen. Die Geschlechter sind äußerlich nicht zu unterscheiden.
Lebensweise
Madenhacker sind gesellige Vögel, die sich von Insekten und deren Larven sowie von Zecken ernähren. Hierzu halten sie sich häufig auf großen Wildtieren oder Haustierherden auf und lassen sich von diesen herumtragen. Sie suchen unter anderem das Fell der Tiere nach Parasiten ab und entfernen diese mit ihren kräftigen Schnäbeln. Auch warnen sie ihre Wirtstiere vor herannahenden Räubern, was ihnen beispielsweise auf Kisuaheli den Namen „Askari wa Kifaru“ (auf Deutsch etwa ‚Wächter des Nashorns‘) einbrachte. Der Bestand der Madenhacker ist neuen Beobachtungen zufolge allerdings rückläufig.
Madenhacker haben kräftige Füße und sind gute Flieger. Ihr Gefieder ist hellbraun. Die beiden Arten unterscheiden sich in der Schnabelfarbe. Die Vögel nisten in Löchern, oft in Wänden, die mit Haaren ihrer Wirtstiere ausgekleidet sind. Dort erbrüten sie zwei oder drei Eier.
Putzsymbiose
Auch wenn Madenhacker nicht zwingend auf einen Wirt angewiesen sind, bevorzugen sie doch das Leben mit diesem, da er ihnen Schutz und Nahrung bietet. Auch ihr Körperbau ist hierauf adaptiert. Bisher wurde die Beziehung als typische Putzsymbiose verstanden, die nicht nur zur Gesundheit des Wirtes beiträgt, sondern auch die Seuchengefahr für die Herde reduziert.
Diese Auffassung wurde jedoch in letzter Zeit infrage gestellt. Der englische Zoologe Paul Weeks kam zu dem Schluss, dass die Beziehung der Madenhacker zu ihren Wirten durchaus parasitische Züge trägt. Durch Untersuchung des Fressverhaltens von Rotschnabel-Madenhackern auf einer Gruppe von Hausrindern in Simbabwe fand Weeks heraus, dass diese nur 15 Prozent ihrer Zeit mit Parasitenvertilgung zubringen. Die übrige Zeit verbringen sie damit, in den Wunden der Tiere zu picken, diese offen zu halten, deren Ohrenschmalz zu fressen oder auf andere Weise im Fell nach Nahrung zu suchen. In diesem Fall wurden das Blut und kleine Stückchen aus den Wundrändern als Nahrung bevorzugt.
Eine weitere Untersuchung ergab, dass Rinder, von denen die Madenhacker vertrieben wurden, nicht stärker von Parasiten befallen waren als eine „geputzte“ Vergleichsgruppe. Es bleibt zu klären, ob diese Ergebnisse auf die etwa 25 weiteren Großwildarten Simbabwes übertragbar sind.
Systematik und Stammesgeschichte
Die Madenhacker wurden meist als Unterfamilie Buphaginae der Familie der Stare zugeordnet. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse genetischer Vergleichsuntersuchungen werden sie jedoch heute als eigene Familie (Buphagidae) betrachtet, da sie mit den übrigen Staren eher fern verwandt sind und basale Vertreter darstellen, die in ihrer ökologischen Nische überlebt haben. Die Ursprünge der Gattung sollen in Südostasien liegen.
Die beiden anerkannten Arten sind der Rotschnabel-Madenhacker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) und der Gelbschnabel-Madenhacker (Buphagus africanus) aus dem subsaharischen Afrika.
(Wikipedia)
Aggregation of giant silk moth caterpillars (Hylesia sp.) with stinging bristles. Coca, Orellana, Ecuador.
Horseshoe crabs are known for their large nesting aggregations, or groups, on beaches in Florida and mid-Atlantic states like Delaware, New Jersey and Maryland.
Photo credit: Dough Reller
I came across a mating aggregation of Chromis viridis, where an estimated few thousand individuals crowded on a patch of seagrass in ~ 5 meters and frantically mated. The males turned either slightly yellow, with black fin edges, or completely yellow, with a black caudal fin. What a spectacle!
For some scientific background, and a video of the spectacle, see: www.pacificklaus.com/chromis-viridis-mating-aggregation
assembling the robotically constructed sections
wall built by a 6-axis ABB robot
Jesse and I developed the software that allowed this to happen. We created a Rhinoscript that generates the RAPID code needed to run the machine directly from Rhino geometry. RAPID code describes the position and orientation of a series of targets and the path the robot must take between the targets as well as the configuration of the robots joints at each position and when to open and close the gripper, etc.
Brick wall team:
Advisor:
Ingeborg Rocker (irocker@gsd.harvard.edu)
Leading Team:
Jeff LaBoskey
Misato Odanaka
Benjamin Franceschi
Teresa McWalters
Coding:
Jessica Rosenkrantz
Jesse Louis-Rosenberg
Christian J. Lange, Rocker-Lange Architects
Core Team:
Matthew Swaidan
Tory Wolcott
Ricardo Munoz
Natalya Egon
Team:
Elizabeth Farley
Carl Koepcke
Jeongyon Kim
Eva Leung
Masana Amamiya
Matthew Fiely
Tessa Kelly
Alicia Taylor
Cara Liberatore
Lindsay Chandler-Alexander
Julian Bushman-Copp
Jessica Knobloch
Yuhka Miura
Ben Brady
Sen Ando
Theodore Diehl
Chelsea Garunay
Ka Yip
Lesley McTague
Jessica Vaughn
Jason Phipps
Paul Merrill
Annie Kountz
Jeremy Jih
Brian Militana
Brad Crane
Matt Waxman
Special Thanks:
Stephen Hickey
Martin Bechthold
Funding:
Junior Faculty Grand, and Preston Scott Cohen
S127-E-007464 (21 July 2009) --- Nine of a total aggregation of 13 astronauts and cosmonauts are pictured at meal time aboard the International Space Station. Seated at the table, clockwise from bottom left, are European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne, astronaut Christopher Cassidy, along with astronauts Mike Barratt and Tim Kopra and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Robert Thirsk and astronaut Mark Polansky. From left to right at top are Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Koichi Wakata and Russian Federal Space Agency cosmonauts Roman Romanenko and Gennady Padalka. Not pictured are astronauts Tom Marshburn, Dave Wolf and Doug Hurley, plus Canadian Space Agency astronaut Julie Payette. Seven astronauts left Kennedy Space Center one week ago aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour to join up with the six Expedition 20 crew members on the orbital outpost to continue work on it. The space fliers have completed two of five scheduled spacewalks up to this point.
Cicadas are insects belonging to the family Cicadidae in the order Hemiptera. Cicadas are recognizable by their large size (body length of usually about 1 inch in length or longer) and clear wings held rooflike over the abdomen. Most cicadas are strong fliers that spend their time high in the trees, so they are rarely seen or captured. Their life cycles are long, usually involving multiple years spent underground as juveniles, followed by a brief (roughly 2 - 6 weeks) adult life above ground.
Common habitats for Tibicen canicularis are mixed and deciduous woods in Canada and the eastern United States. Geographic range includes the northern United States and southern Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains.
When mature Tibicen canicularis is recognizable by being mostly black with brown or green markings on its body. The body size is typically 1 - 1.3 inches (27-33 mm) long and the wingspan can reach 3.22 inches (82 mm). The wings are interlaced with green veins which are especially noticeable near the base. While nymphs of the species commonly feed on pine juice and the roots of pine and oak, the adults are not known to eat at all.
As adults, males produce a loud species-specific mate-attracting song using specialized sound-producing organs called tymbals. These sounds are among the loudest produced by any insects. In some species, the male calling song attracts both males and females to mating aggregations, while in other species males remain dispersed. Female cicadas do not have tymbals, but in some species the females produce clicking or snapping sounds with their wings.
Their song is often described as being a loud, high-pitched whine much like a power saw. It fades within 10 - 20 seconds, and starts again after a few seconds of silence. From my observation Tibicen canicularis tends to be the most vocal mid to late morning and then again late afternoon. It's common not to hear them during mid-day. At the peak of the season in late summer they can almost be deafening. To hear the sound of these cicadas, which was taped here in Indiana, please click on the below link...
www.cogsci.indiana.edu/farg/harry/bio/zoo/dogday.htm
After mating, females lay eggs in bark or twigs; the eggs hatch later in the season and the new nymphs burrow underground and begin feeding on roots. Tibicen canicularis spends most of it's life cycle underground as nymphs feeding on root juice. Typically 2 - 3 years. When it comes time to emerge and molt into an adult it uses its strong front legs for digging to the surface. Unlike periodical cicadas, whose swarms occur at 13 or 17 year intervals, Tibicen species can be seen every year, hence their other nickname "Annual Cicadas".
ISO800, aperture f/10, exposure .003 seconds (1/400) focal length 300mm
The red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) is an Asian lapwing or large plover, a wader in the family Charadriidae. Like other lapwings they are ground birds that are incapable of perching. Their characteristic loud alarm calls are indicators of human or animal movements and the sounds have been variously rendered as did he do it or pity to do it leading to the colloquial name of did-he-do-it bird. Usually seen in pairs or small groups and usually not far from water they sometimes form large aggregations in the non-breeding season (winter). They nest in a ground scrape laying three to four camouflaged eggs. Adults near the nest fly around, diving at potential predators while calling noisily. The cryptically patterned chicks hatch and immediately follow their parents to feed, hiding by lying low on the ground or in the grass when threatened.
Red-wattled lapwings are large waders, about 35 cm long. The wings and back are light brown with a purple to green sheen, but the head, a bib on the front and back of the neck are black. Prominently white patch runs between these two colours, from belly and tail, flanking the neck to the sides of crown. Short tail is tipped black. A red fleshy wattle in front of each eye, black-tipped red bill, and the long legs are yellow. In flight, prominent white wing bars formed by the white on the secondary coverts.
Race aigneri is slightly paler and larger than the nominate race and is found in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan and the Indus valley. The nominate race is found all over India. The Sri Lankan race lankae is smaller and dark while atronuchalis the race in north-eastern India and eastern Bangladesh has a white cheek surrounded by black.
Males and females are similar in plumage but males have a 5% longer wing and tend to have a longer carpal spur. The length of the birds is 320–350 mm, wing of 208–247 mm with the nominate averaging 223 mm, Sri Lanka 217 mm. The Bill is 31–36 mm and tarsus of 70–83 mm. Tail length is 104–128 mm.
It usually keeps in pairs or trios in well-watered open country, ploughed fields, grazing land, and margins and dry beds of tanks and puddles. They occasionally form large flocks, ranging from 26 to 200 birds. It is also found in forest clearings around rain-filled depressions. It runs about in short spurts and dips forward obliquely (with unflexed legs) to pick up food in a typical plover manner. They are said to feed at night being especially active around the full moon. Is uncannily and ceaselessly vigilant, day or night, and is the first to detect intrusions and raise an alarm, and was therefore considered a nuisance by hunters. Flight rather slow, with deliberate flaps, but capable of remarkable agility when defending nest or being hunted by a hawk.
Its striking appearance is supplemented by its noisy nature, with a loud and scolding did-he-do-it call, uttered both in the day and night.
Leucistic abnormal plumages have been noted.
It breeds from West Asia (Iraq, SW Iran, Persian Gulf) eastwards across South Asia (Baluchistan, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the entire Indian subcontinent up to Kanyakumari and up to 1800m in Kashmir/Nepal), with another sub-species further east in Southeast Asia. May migrate altitudinally in spring and autumn (e.g. in N. Baluchistan or NW Pakistan), and spreads out widely in the monsoons on creation of requisite habitats, but by and large the populations are resident.
This species is declining in its western range, but is abundant in much of South Asia, being seen at almost any wetland habitat in its range.
Behaviour and ecology
The breeding season is mainly March to August. The courtship involves the male puffing its feathers and pointing its beak upwards. The male then shuffles around the female. Several males may display to females and they may be close together. The eggs are laid in a ground scrape or depression sometimes fringed with pebbles, goat or hare droppings. About 3–4 black-blotched buff eggs shaped a bit like a peg-top (), 42x30 mm on average. Nests are difficult to find since the eggs are cryptically coloured and usually matches the ground pattern. In residential areas, they sometimes take to nesting on roof-tops. They have been recorded nesting on the stones between the rails of a railway track, the adult leaving the nest when trains passed. Nests that have been threatened by agricultural operations have been manually translocated by gradually shifting the eggs. When nesting they will attempt to dive bomb or distract potential predators. Both the male and female incubate the eggs and divert predators using distraction displays or flash their wings to deter any herbivores that threaten the nest. Males appear to relieve females incubating at the nest particularly towards the hot part of noon. The eggs hatch in 28 to 30 days. The reproductive success is about 40%. Egg mortality is high (~43%) due to predation by mongooses, crows and kites. Chicks have a lower mortality (8.3%) and their survival improves after the first week.
Like other lapwings, they soak their belly feathers to provide water to their chicks as well as to cool the eggs during hot weather.
They bathe in pools of water when available and will often spend time on preening when leaving the nest or after copulation. They sometimes rest on the ground with the tarsi laid flat on the ground and at other times may rest on one leg.
Healthy adult birds have few predators and are capable of rapid and agile flight when pursued by hawks or falcons. Some endoparasitic tapeworms, nematodes, and trematodes have been described from the species. Mortality caused by respiratory infection by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale has been recorded in captive birds in Pakistan.
Diet
The diet of the lapwing includes a range of insects, snails and other invertebrates, mostly picked from the ground. They may also feed on some grains. They feed mainly during the day but they may also feed at night. They may sometimes make use of the legs to disturb insect prey from soft soil.
Photo by Nick Dobbs, Langkawi, Malaysia 29-12-2023
Eastern Tiger Swallowtails (and one Spicebush Swallowtail) puddling.
Shawnee State Forest, Adams County, Ohio, USA.
April 24, 2015.
I know--not more Tiger Swallowtails!!
Growing up in London, Ontario as I did, I was totally infatuated with butterflies. Seeing just ONE Tiger Swallowtail back then was a rare treat. I might see one waft through my backyard every few days, if I was lucky.
My parents often took us picnicking at Waterworks Park in St. Thomas, Ontario. There, I might see a half-dozen of these beautiful yellow and black creatures on a good day, all soaring well out of reach--never seeming to land. That was as good as it gets, I thought.
I dreamed of seeing a cloud of Tiger Swallowtails dance around a puddle. I never really expected to witness that myself.
As an adult, seeing a large, bright yellow Tiger still evokes memories and dreams of my childhood. I never tire of seeing and photographing these "common" butterflies. No matter how many, or how often I see them, it's always very special to me.
Finding a group of puddling swallowtails is totally irresistible. Seeing an aggregation of this magnitude...is priceless. It's literally a dream come true, so I hope you'll humour me when I post all these images and videos. :-)
I've heard biologists refer to common butterflies as "trash species". I find that so offensive. Rarity does not impact beauty or value, as far as I'm concerned. In fact, the more common a butterfly is, the more successful it is, which should be celebrated, not denigrated. The fact that one species is common only means more people can appreciate it for themselves.
Whenever I'm tempted to think--oh, that's just another _____ , I think to myself, "What if this was so rare, that I only got to see one in my entire lifetime?" What if this is the very last I will ever see this?
I try to see each species anew every time I encounter it. Even the most ubiquitous, alien species, like the Cabbage White is extremely beautiful. The closer you look, the more you appreciate just how exquisite it actually is. It's not just black and white. There are subtleties you only see when you look more closely. Those gray/green eyes. Yellow scales mixed in with grey and white...they're stunning!
I hope these images of nature add peace, pleasure and beauty to your life. It is such a pleasure for me to be able to share nature with you. It brings joy to my life, and I hope these images bring you joy as well.
Thank you for taking the time to visit my Flickr site. :-)
Photographs, Text and Videos ©Jay Cossey, PhotographsFromNature.com (PFN).
All rights reserved. Licensing available.
Contact: Jay@PhotographsFromNature.com
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Made with Processing.
(Hopefully) Final version of this collection. All persons are or have been roommates of me or are close friends of one of my roommates.
The density & weight of strokes is based on the brightness of the image at that position. The aggregation progress gives it a natural sketchy look. Style and topic is inspired by my "Nature of Code" project.
All photos were takes by me.
Code:
www.openprocessing.org/sketch/80169
Video:
Generative portrait series made with Processing. Micro and macro structure.
Exhibition shots:
www.flickr.com/photos/dianalange/sets/72157632761464363/
Work in Progress & Details:
www.flickr.com/photos/dianalange/sets/72157632768233629/
Basic Code:
www.openprocessing.org/user/5969
Part of my Thesis
Master of Arts
HAWK University of Applied Science and Art
2013