View allAll Photos Tagged Aggregation
vernal Colletes or early mining bee, two males attempting to mate with a female. Part of a large aggregation at Studland Heath NNR, Dorset.
Dry Slough Road. Fir Island - Snow Geese by the thousands start arriving from the Arctic in early October. Typically 70,000 to 90,000 winter in North Puget Sound until late March or April.
Fraser-Skagit Population Dynamic. "Snow geese that over-winter in northwest Washington comprise a unique population of intercontinental travelers shared by three countries: the United States, Canada and Russia. These snow geese make an arduous, annual flight to Russia’s Chuckchi Sea, to breed on Wrangel Island off the north coast of Siberia. They are called the Fraser-Skagit population, because the same identification collaring/banding studies that disclosed details of their migration timing and itinerary, found that snow geese of this group had a high fidelity to one nesting site on Wrangel Island and to one wintering area, here. They stay apart from the other snow geese aggregations that nest separately on Wrangel and winter in California." ~ wdfw.wa.gov
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CINEMA DIGITAL
A Study of 4D Julia sets
Baraka / Baraka from DVD to 4K / Baraka with the monkey
Beatbox360
Enquanto a noite não chega (While we wait for the night â?" first Brazilian film in 4K)/(primeiro filme brasileiro em 4k)
Era la Notte
Flight to the Center of the Milky Way
Growth by aggregation 2
Jet Instabilities in a stratified fluid flow
Keio University Concert
Manny Farber (Tribute to)
Scalable City
The Nonlinear Evolution of the Universe
The Prague train
FILE INOVAÇÃO / FILE INNOVATION
Interface Cérebro-Computador – Eduardo Miranda
Sistema comercial de Reconhecimento Automático - Genius Instituto de Tecnologia
Robô de visão omnidirecional – Jun Okamoto
Loo Table: mesa interativa - André V. Perrotta, Erico Cheung e Luis Stateri dos Santos, da empresa Loodik
Simulador de Ondas e Simulador de Turbilhão - Steger produção de efeitos especiais ltda.
GAMES INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS GAMES
Giles Askham – Aquaplayne
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Transpose
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Full Body Games
Fabiano Onça e Coméia – Tantalus Quest
Julian Oliver - levelHead
GAMES
Andreas Zecher – Understanding Games
Andrei R. Thomaz – Cubos de Cor
Arvi Teikari – Once In Space
Fabrício Fava – Futebolando
Golf Question Mark – Golf
Introversion.co.uk – Darwinia
Jens Andersson and Ida Rödén – Rorschach
Jonatan Söderström – CleanAsia!
Jonatan Söderström – AdNauseum2
Jorn Ebner – sans femme et sans avieteur
Josh Nimoy – BallDroppings
Josiah Pisciotta – Gish
Marek Walczak and Martin Wattenberg – Thinking Machine 7
Mariana Rillo – Desmanche
Mark Essen - Punishment: The punishing
Mark Essen - RANDY BALMA: MUNICIPAL ABORTIONIST
Playtime – SFZero
QUBO GAS: Jef Ablézot, Morgan Dimnet & Laura Henno - WATERCOULEUR PARK
QueasyGames - Jonathan Mak – Everyday Shooter
R-S-G: Radical Software Group - Kriegspiel - Guy Debord's Game of War
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – On a Rainy Day
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Cytoplasm
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Particle Rain
Tales of Tales: Auriea Harvey & Michaël Samyn - The Graveyard
Tanja Vujinovic – Osciloo
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen – Clouds
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen - flOw
JOGOS BR
JOGOS BR 1
Ayri - Uma Lenda Amazônica - Sylker Teles da Silva / Outline Interactive
Capoeira Experience - Andre Ivankio Hauer Ploszaj / Okio Serviços de Comunicação Multimídia Ltda.
Cim-itério - Wagner Gomes Carvalho / Green Land Studios
Incorporated (Emprego Maluco) - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Iracema Aventura – Odair Gaspar / Perceptum Software Ltda.
Nevrose: Sangue e Loucura Sob o Sol do Sertão - Rodrigo Queiroz de Oliveira
/ Gamion Realidade Virtual & Games
Raízes do Mal – Marcos Cruz Alves / Ignis Entretenimento e Informática Ltda.
JOGOS BR 2 – Jogos Completos
Cave Days - Winston George A. Petty / Insolita Studios
Peixis!
(JOGO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Wallace Santos Lages / Ilusis Interactive Graphics
JOGOS BR 2 – Demos Jogáveis
Brasilia Tropicalis - Thiago Salgado Aiache de Moraes / Olympya Games
Conspiração Dumont - Guilherme Mattos Coutinho
Flora - Francisco Oliveira de Queiroz
Fórmula Galaxy – Artur Corrêa / Vencer Consultoria e Projetos Ltda.
Inferno - Alexandre Vrubel / Continuum Entertainment Ltda
Lex Venture - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Trem de Doido (DEMO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Marcos André Penna Coutinho
Zumbi, o rei dos Palmeiras - Nicholas Lima de Souza
HIPERSÔNICA / HIPERSONICA
Hipersônica Performance
Andrei Thomaz, Francisco Serpa, Lílian Campesato e Vitor Kisil – Sonocromática
Bernhard Gal – Gal Live
+Zero: Fabrizio Augusto Poltronieri, Jonattas Marcel Poltronieri, Raphael Dall'Anese - +Zero do Brasil
Luiz duVa - Concerto para duo de laptops
Henrique Roscoe (a.k.a. 1mpar) – HOL
Jose Ignacio Hinestrosa e Testsu Kondo – Fricciones
Alexandre Fenerich e Giuliano Obici – Nmenos1
Orqstra de Laptops de São Paulo - EvEnTo 3 Movimentos para Orquestra
Hipersônica Participantes
Agricola de Cologne - soundSTORY - sound as a tool for storytelling
Jen-Kuan Chang – Drishti II
Jen-Kuan Chang – Discordance
Jen-Kuan Chang – Nekkhamma
Jen-Kuan Chang - She, Flush, Vegetable, Lo Mein, and Intolerable Happiness
Jerome Soudan – Mimetic
Matt Lewis e Jeremy Keenan – Animate Objects
Robert Dow - Precipitation within sight
Tetsu Kondo – Dendraw
Tomas Phillips – Drink_Deep
INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS
Anaisa Franco – Connected Memories
Andrei Thomaz & Sílvia Laurentiz – 1º Subsolo
Graffiti Research Lab – Various
Hisako K. Yamakawa – Kodama
r3nder.net+i2off.org – is.3s
Jarbas Jacome – Crepúsculo dos Ídolos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – Magnéticos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – The Magic Torch
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho)
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho Azul)
Rejane Cantoni e Leonardo Crescenti – PISO
Sheldon Brown – Scalable City
Soraya Braz e Fábio FON – Roaming
Takahiro Matsuo – Phantasm
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Outer Space IP
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Phantasma
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Binary Art Site
SYMPOSIUM
Agnus Valente
Anaisa Franco
Andre Thomaz e Silvia Laurentiz
Christin Bolewski
Giles Askham
Graffiti Research Lab: James Powderly
Hidenori Watanave
Ivan Ivanoff e Jose Jimenez
Jarbas Jácome
João Fernando Igansi Nunes
Marcos Moraes
Mediengruppe Bitnik; Carmen Weisskopf, Domagoj Smoljo, Silvan Leuthold, Sven König [SWI]
Mesa Redonda (LABO) - Cicero Silva, Lev Manovich (teleconferencia) e Noah Wardrip-Fruin
Mesa Redonda [BRA] – (Hipersônica) Renata La Rocca, Gabriela Pereira Carneiro, Ana Paula Nogueira de Carvalho, Clarissa Ribeiro Pereira de Almeida. Mediação: Vivian Caccuri
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - [Ministro da Cultura: Gilberto Gil | Secretário do Audiovisual do Ministério da Cultura: Sílvio Da-Rin | Secretário de Políticas Culturais do Ministério da Cultura: Alfredo Manevy ]
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - Inovação - Lala Deheinzelin, Gian Zelada, Alessandro Dalla, Ivandro Sanches, Eduardo Giacomazzi. Mediação: Joana Ferraz
Mesa Redonda 4k - Jane de Almeida, Sheldon Brownn, Mike Toillion, Todd Margolis, Peter Otto
Nardo Germano
Nori Suzuki
Sandra Albuquerque Reis Fachinello
Satoru Tokuhisa
Sheldon Brown
Soraya Braz e Fabio FON
Suzete Venturelli, Mario Maciel e bolsistas do CNPq/UnB (Johnny Souza, Breno Rocha, João Rosa e Samuel Castro [BRA]
Ursula Hentschlaeger
Valzeli Sampaio
Cinema Documenta FILE São Paulo 2008
Antonello Matarazzo – Interferenze – Itália / Italy
Bruno Natal - Dub Echoes – Brasil / Brazil
Carlo Sansolo - Panoramika Eletronika - Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Logan – Recitation – Londres / London
Kodiak Bachine e Apollo 9 – Nuncupate – Brasil / Brazil
Linda Hilfing Nielsen - Participation 0.0 – Dinamarca
Maren Sextro e Holger Wick - Slices, Pioneers of Electronic Music – Vol.1 – Richie Hawtin Documentary – Alemanha / Germany
Matthew Bate - What The Future Sounded Like – Austrália
Thomas Ziegler, Jason Gross e Russell Charmo - OHM+ the early gurus of electronic music – Eua / USA
Mídia Arte FILE São Paulo 2008
[ fladry + jones ] Robb Fladry and Barry Jones - The War is Over 2007 – EUA / USA
Agricola de Cologne - One Day on Mars – Alemanha / Germany
alan bigelow - "When I Was President" – EUA / USA
Alessandra Ribeiro Parente Paes
Daniel Fernandes Gamez
Glauber Kotaki Rodrigues
Igor Albuquerque Bertolino
Karina Yuko Haneda
Marcio Pedrosa Tirico da Silva Junior – Reativo – Brasil / Brazil
Alessandro Capozzo – Talea – Itália / Italy
Alex Hetherington - Untitled (sexyback, folly artist) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Alexandre Campos, Bruno Massara e Lucilene Soares Alves - Novos Olhares sobre a Mobilidade – Brasil / Brazil
Alexandre Cardoso Rodrigues Nunes
Bruno Coimbra Franco
Diego Filipe Braga R. Nascimento
Fábio Rinaldi Batistine
Yumi Dayane Shimada – Abra Sua Gaveta – Brasil / Brazil
ALL: ALCIONE DE GODOY, ADILSON NG, CAMILLO LOUVISE COQUEIRO, MARINA QUEIROZ MAIA, RODOLFO ROSSI JULIANI, VINÍCIUS NAKAMURA DE BRITO – Vita Ex Maxina – Brasil / Brazil
Andreas Zingerle - Extension of Human sight – Áustria
Andrei R. Thomaz - O Tabuleiro dos Jogos que se bifurcam - First Person Movements - Brasil / Brazil
Andrei R. Thomaz e Marina Camargo – Eclipses – Brasil / Brazil
Brit Bunkley – Spin – Spite – Nova Zelândia – New Zeland
calin man – appendXship / Romênia
Carlindo da Conceição Barbosa
Kauê de Oliveira Souza
Guilherme Tetsuo Takei
Renato Michalischen
Ricardo Rodrigues Martins
Tassia Deusdara Manso
Thalyta de Almeida Barbosa / Da Música ao Caos – Brasil / Brazil
Christoph Korn – waldstueck – Alemanha / Germany
Corpos Informáticos: Bia Medeiros, Carla Rocha, Diego Azambuja, Fernando Aquino, Kacau Rodrigues, Márcio Mota, Marta Mencarini, Wanderson França – UAI 69 – Brasil / Brazil
Duda. – do pixel ao pixel – Brasil / Brazil
Daniel Kobayashi
Felipe Crivelli Ayub
Fernando Boschetti
Luiz Felipe M. Coelho
Marcelo Knelsen
Mauro Falavigna
Rafael de A. Campos
Wellington K. Guimarães Bastos - A Casa Dentro da Porta – Brasil / Brazil
David Clark - 88 Constellations for Wittgenstein – Canadá
Thais Paola Galvez
Josias Silva
Diego Abrahão Modesto
Nilson Benis
Vinicius Augusto Naka de Vasconcelos
Wilson Ruano Junior
Marcela Moreira da Silva – Rogério caos – Brasil / Brazil
Diogo Fuhrmann Misiti, Guilherme Pilz, João Henrique - Caleidoscópio Felliniano: 8 ½ - Brasil / Brazil
Agence TOPO: Elene Tremblay, Marcio Lana-Lopez, Maryse Larivière, Marie-Josée Hardy, James Prior - Mes / My contacts – Canadá / Canada
Eliane Weizmann, Fernando Marinho e Leocádio Neto – Storry teller – Brasil / Brazil
Fabian Antunes - Pousada Recanto Abaetuba – Brasil / Brazil
Edgar Franco e Fabio FON - Freakpedia - A verdadeira enciclopédia livre – Brasil / Brazil
Fernando Aquino – UAI Justiça – Brasil / Brazil
Henry Gwiazda - claudia and Paul - a doll's house is...... - there's whispering...... – EUA / USA
Architecture in Metaverse: Hidenori Watanave - "Archidemo" - Architecture in Metaverse – Hapão / Japan
Yto Aranda – Cyber Birds Dance – Chile
Dana Sperry - Sketch for an Intermezzo for the Masses, no. 7 – EUA / USA
Jorn Ebner - (sans femme et sans aviateur) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Josephine Anstey, Dave Pape - Office Diva – EUA / USA
Josh Fishburn – Layers – Waiting – EUA / USA
Karla Brunet – Peculiaris – Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Evensen - Veils of Light – EUA / USA
lemeh42 (santini michele and paoloni lorenza) - Study on human form and humanity #01 – Itália / Italy
linda hilfling e erik borra - misspelling generator – Dinamarca / Denmark
Lisa Link - If I Worked for 493 years – EUA / USA
Marcelo Padre – Estro – Brasil / Brazil
Martha Carrer Cruz Gabriel - Locative Painting - Brasil / Brazil
Martin John Callanan - I Wanted to See All of the News From Today – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Mateus Knelsen, Ana Clara, Felipe Vasconcelos, Rafael Jacobsen, Ronaldo Silva - A pós-modernidade em recortes: Tide Hellmeister e as relações Design e cultura – Brasil / Brazil
Mateus Knelsen, Felipe Szulc, Mileine Assai Ishii, Pamela Cardoso, Tânia Taura - Homo ex machina – Brasil / Brazil
Michael Takeo Magruder - Sequence-n (labyrinth) - Sequence-n (horizon) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Michael Takeo Magruder + Drew Baker + David Steele - The Vitruvian World - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nina Simões - Rehearsing Reality ( An interactive non-linear docufragmentary) - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nurit Bar-Shai - Nothing Happens – EUA / USA
projectsinge: Blanquet Jerome - Monkey_Party – França / France
QUBO GAS - WATERCOULEUR PARK – França / France
rachelmauricio castro – 360 - R.G.B. – tybushwacka – Brasil / Brazil
Rafael Rozendaal - future physics – Netherlands
Regina Célia Pinto - Ninhos & Magia – Brasil / Brazil
Roni Ribeiro – Bípedes – Brasil / Brazil
Rubens Pássaro - ISTO NÃO É PARANÓIA – Brasil / Brazil
Rui Filipe Antunes – xTNZ – Brasil / Brazil
Selcuk ARTUT & Cem OCALAN – NewsPaperBox – Brazil
Tanja Vujinovic - "Without Title" – Switzerland
Hipersônica Screening – FILE São Paulo 2008
1mpar – hol – Brasil / Brazil
Art Zoyd - EYECATCHER 1 - EYECATCHER 2, Man with a movie camera - Movie-Concert for The Fall of the Usher House – França / France
Audiobeamers (FroZenSP and Klinid) - Paesaggi Liquidi II – Alemanha / Germany
Bernhard Loibner – Meltdown – Áustria
Bjørn Erik Haugen – Regress - Norway
Celia Eid e Sébastien Béranger – Gymel – França / France
Studio Brutus/Citrullo International - H2O – Itália / Italy
Daniel Carvalho - OUT_FLOW PART I – Brasil / Brazil
David Muth - You Are The Sony Of My Life – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Dennis Summers - Phase Shift Vídeos – EUA / USA
Duprass - Liora Belford & Ido Govrin – Free Field – Pink / Noise – Israel
Fernando Velázquez – Nómada – Brasil / Brazil
Frames aka Flames - Performance audiovisual sincronizada: Sociedade pós-moderna, novas tecnologias e espaço urbano - Brasil / Brazil
Frederico Pessoa - butterbox – diving - Brasil / Brazil
Jay Needham - Narrative Half-life – EUA / USA
Soundsthatmatter – trotting – briji – Brasil / Brazil
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I made this trip to see the spawning aggregations of Goliath Groupers. The week before I arrived there were torrential rains and strong winds from the southwest which had blown the Gulf Stream far offshore. The water was stirred up, green, full of floc, and with a thermocline around 40-55’. But the Goliaths were still there and really impressive!! Frequently 15-30 or more per wreck; it was hard to count with the limited vis. I will be planning to come back next year hoping for better picture taking conditions.
Humboldt County, California
Here is an aggregation of O. rosacea feeding on their food source Eurystomella bilabiata. The common name for this species of bryozoan is derby hat bryozoan. The O. rosacea gets its pink color from eating a diet (entirely?) of this bryozoan.
The theory of "karma and rebirth" raises numerous questions—such as how, when, and why did the cycle start in the first place, what is the relative Karmic merit of one karma versus another and why, and what evidence is there that rebirth actually happens, among others. Various schools of Hinduism realized these difficulties, debated their own formulations, some reaching what they considered as internally consistent theories, while other schools modified and de-emphasized it, while a few schools in Hinduism such as Carvakas, Lokayatana abandoned "karma and rebirth" theory altogether.Schools of Buddhism consider karma-rebirth cycle as integral to their theories of soteriology. And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the Book of Life:
and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works. Revelation 20:12
Radiant body light, nature of light to be radiant, that is, to emit itself. Similarly, in the human system Consciousness emits Consciousness, and transmits it first to the astral, and last to the material man.. Karma symbols such as endless knot (above) are common cultural motifs in Asia. Endless knots symbolize interlinking of cause and effect, a Karmic cycle that continues eternally. The endless knot is visible in the center of the prayer wheel. Akasha is a Sanskrit word meaning "sky", "space" or "aether"; a term used in theosophy (and Anthroposophy) to describe a compendium of mystical knowledge supposedly encoded in a non-physical plane of existence. The akashic records are described as Karmic principle can be understood, suggests Karl Potter,as a principle of psychology and habit. Karma seeds habits (vāsanā), and habits create the nature of man. Karma also seeds self perception, and perception influences how one experiences life events. Both habits and self perception affect the course of one's life. Breaking bad habits is not easy: it requires conscious karmic effort.Thus psyche and habit, according to Potter and others,link karma to causality in ancient Indian literature. The idea of karma may be compared to the notion of a person's "character", as both are an assessment of the person and determined by that person's habitual thinking and acting. containing all knowledge of human experience and the history of the cosmos. They are metaphorically described as a library; other analogies commonly found in discourse on the subject include a "universal supercomputer" and the "Mind of God". People who describe the records assert that they are constantly updated automatically and that they can be accessed through astral projection or when someone is placed under deep hypnosis. The term akashic records is frequently used in New Age discourse. C.W. Leadbeater, who claimed to be clairvoyant, conducted research into the akashic records. He said he inspected them at the Theosophical Society headquarters in Adyar (Tamil Nadu), India in 1910 and recorded the results in his book 'Man: How, Whence, and Whither?' The book reputes to record the history of Atlantis and other civilizations as well as the future society of Earth in the 28th century. Alice A. Bailey writes in her book Light of the Soul on The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Book 3 - Union achieved and its Results':
“The akashic record is like an immense photographic film, registering all the desires and earth experiences of our planet. Those who perceive it will see pictured thereon: The life experiences of every human being since time began, the reactions to experience of the entire animal kingdom, the aggregation of the thought-forms of a karmic nature (based on desire) of every human unit throughout time. Herein lies the great deception of the records. Only a trained occultist can distinguish between actual experience and those astral pictures created by imagination and keen desire.” In 'The Law of One, Book I', a book purported to contain conversations with a channeled "social memory complex" known to humans as "Ra," when the questioner asks where Edgar Cayce received his information, the answer received is: “We have explained before that the intelligent infinity is brought into intelligent energy from eighth density or octave. The one sound vibratory complex called Edgar used this gateway to view the present, which is not the continuum you experience but the potential social memory complex of this planetary sphere. The term your peoples have used for this is the "Akashic Record" or the "Hall of Records".
Karma is the executed "deed", "work", "action", or "act", and it is also the "object", the "intent". Wilhelm Halbfass explains karma (karman) by contrasting it with another Sanskrit word kriya. The word kriya is the activity along with the steps and effort in action, while karma is the executed action as a consequence of that activity, as well as the intention of the actor behind an executed action or a planned action (described by some scholars as metaphysical residue left in the actor). A good action creates good karma, as does good intent. A bad action creates bad karma, as does bad intent.Karma, also refers to a conceptual principle that originated in India, often descriptively called the principle of karma, sometimes as the karma theory or the law of karma.In the context of theory, karma is complex and difficult to define.Different schools of Indologists derive different definitions for the karma concept from ancient Indian texts; their definition is some combination of causality that may be ethical or non-ethical;ethicization, that is good or bad actions have consequences; and rebirth.Other Indologists include in the definition of karma theory that which explains the present circumstances of an individual with reference to his or her actions in past. These actions may be those in a person's current life, or, in some schools of Indian traditions, possibly actions in their past lives; furthermore, the consequences may result in current life, or a person's future lives.The law of karma operates independent of any deity or any process of divine judgment.Difficulty in arriving at a definition of karma arises because of the diversity of views among the schools of Hinduism; some, for example, consider karma and rebirth linked and simultaneously essential, some consider karma but not rebirth essential, and a few discuss and conclude karma and rebirth to be flawed fiction.Buddhism and Jainism have their own karma precepts. Thus karma has not one, but multiple definitions and different meanings.It is a concept whose meaning, importance and scope varies between Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and other traditions that originated in India, and various schools in each of these traditions. O'Flaherty claims that, furthermore, there is an ongoing debate regarding whether karma is a theory, a model, a paradigm, a metaphor, or a metaphysical stance. Karma theory as a concept, across different Indian religious traditions, shares certain common themes: causality, ethicization and rebirth. Karmic principle can be understood, suggests Karl Potter,as a principle of psychology and habit. Karma seeds habits (vāsanā), and habits create the nature of man. Karma also seeds self perception, and perception influences how one experiences life events. Both habits and self perception affect the course of one's life. Breaking bad habits is not easy: it requires conscious karmic effort.Thus psyche and habit, according to Potter and others,link karma to causality in ancient Indian literature. The idea of karma may be compared to the notion of a person's "character", as both are an assessment of the person and determined by that person's habitual thinking and acting. A theory without ethical premise would be a pure causal relation; the merit or reward or demerit or punishment would be same regardless of the actor's intent. In ethics, one's intentions, attitudes and desires matter in the evaluation of one's action. Where the outcome is unintended, the moral responsibility for it is less on the actor, even though causal responsibility may be the same regardless.A karma theory considers not only the action, but also actor's intentions, attitude, and desires before and during the action. The karma concept thus encourages each person to seek and live a moral life, as well as avoid an immoral life. The meaning and significance of karma is thus as a building block of an ethical theory.
The red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) is an Asian lapwing or large plover, a wader in the family Charadriidae. Like other lapwings they are ground birds that are incapable of perching. Their characteristic loud alarm calls are indicators of human or animal movements and the sounds have been variously rendered as did he do it or pity to do it[ leading to the colloquial name of did-he-do-it bird. Usually seen in pairs or small groups and usually not far from water they sometimes form large aggregations in the non-breeding season (winter). They nest in a ground scrape laying three to four camouflaged eggs. Adults near the nest fly around, diving at potential predators while calling noisily. The cryptically patterned chicks hatch and immediately follow their parents to feed, hiding by lying low on the ground or in the grass when threatened.
Taxonomy:
Traditionally well-known to native hunters, the red-wattled lapwing was first described in a book by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux in 1781. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle produced uinder the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert used the binomial name Tringa indica in his catalogue of the Planche Enluminées. The type locality is Goa in western India. It was subsequently placed in various other genera such as Sarcogrammus and Lobivanellus before being merged into Vanellus which was erected by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. Vanellus is the Medieval Latin for a "lapwing". It is a diminutive of the Latin vanus meaning "winnowing" or "fan". The specific epithet indicus is the Latin for "India".
Across their wide range there are slight differences in the plumage and there are four recognized subspecies:
V. i. aigneri (Laubmann, 1913) – southeast Turkey to Pakistan
V. i. indicus (Boddaert, 1783) – central Pakistan to Nepal, northeast India and Bangladesh
V. i. lankae (Koelz, 1939) – Sri Lanka
V. i. atronuchalis (Jerdon, 1864) – northeast India to south China, southeast Asia, Malay Peninsula and north Sumatra.
Description:
Red-wattled lapwings are large waders, about 35 cm (14 in) long. The wings and back are light brown with a purple to green sheen, but the head, a bib on the front and back of the neck are black. Prominently white patch runs between these two colours, from belly and tail, flanking the neck to the sides of crown. Short tail is tipped black. A red fleshy wattle in front of each eye, black-tipped red bill, and the long legs are yellow. In flight, prominent white wing bars formed by the white on the secondary coverts..
Race aigneri is slightly paler and larger than the nominate race and is found in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan and the Indus valley. The nominate race is found all over India. The Sri Lankan race lankae is smaller and dark while atronuchalis the race in north-eastern India and eastern Bangladesh has a white cheek surrounded by black.
Males and females are similar in plumage but males have a 5% longer wing and tend to have a longer carpal spur. The length of the birds is 320-350mm, wing of 208-247mm with the nominate averaging 223mm, Sri Lanka 217mm. The Bill is 31-36mm and tarsus of 70-83mm. Tail length is 104-128mm.
It usually keeps in pairs or trios in well-watered open country, ploughed fields, grazing land, and margins and dry beds of tanks and puddles. They occasionally form large flocks, ranging from 26 to 200 birds. It is also found in forest clearings around rain-filled depressions. It runs about in short spurts and dips forward obliquely (with unflexed legs) to pick up food in a typical plover manner. They are said to feed at night being especially active around the full moon. Is uncannily and ceaselessly vigilant, day or night, and is the first to detect intrusions and raise an alarm, and was therefore considered a nuisance by hunters. Flight rather slow, with deliberate flaps, but capable of remarkable agility when defending nest or being hunted by a hawk.
Its striking appearance is supplemented by its noisy nature, with a loud and scolding did-he-do-it call, uttered both in the day and night.
Leucistic abnormal plumages have been noted.
The local names are mainly onomatopoeic in origin and include titeeri (Hindi), tittibha (Kannada), tateehar (Sindhi), titodi (Gujarati), hatatut (Kashmiri), balighora (Assamese), yennappa chitawa (Telugu), aal-kaati (Tamil, meaning "human indicator").
Distribution:
It breeds from West Asia (Iraq, SW Iran, Persian Gulf) eastwards across South Asia (Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the entire Indian subcontinent up to Kanyakumari and up to 1800m in Kashmir/Nepal), with another sub-species further east in Southeast Asia. May migrate altitudinally in spring and autumn (e.g. in N. Baluchistan or NW Pakistan), and spreads out widely in the monsoons[13] on creation of requisite habitats, but by and large the populations are resident.
This species is declining in its western range, but is abundant in much of South Asia, being seen at almost any wetland habitat in its range.
Behaviour and ecology:
The breeding season is mainly March to August. The courtship involves the male puffing its feathers and pointing its beak upwards. The male then shuffles around the female. Several males may display to females and they may be close together. The eggs are laid in a ground scrape or depression sometimes fringed with pebbles, goat or hare droppings.[19] About 3–4 black-blotched buff eggs shaped a bit like a peg-top (pyriform), 42x30 mm on average. Nests are difficult to find since the eggs are cryptically coloured and usually matches the ground pattern. In residential areas, they sometimes take to nesting on roof-tops. They have been recorded nesting on the stones between the rails of a railway track, the adult leaving the nest when trains passed. Nests that have been threatened by agricultural operations have been manually translocated by gradually shifting the eggs. When nesting they will attempt to dive bomb or distract potential predators. Both the male and female incubate the eggs and divert predators using distraction displays or flash their wings to deter any herbivores that threaten the nest. Males appear to relieve females incubating at the nest particularly towards the hot part of noon. The eggs hatch in 28 to 30 days. The reproductive success is about 40%. Egg mortality is high (~43%) due to predation by mongooses, crows and kites. Chicks had a lower mortality (8.3%) and their survival improved after the first week.
Like other lapwings, they soak their belly feathers to provide water to their chicks as well as to cool the eggs during hot weather.
The chick leaves the nest and follows the parents soon after hatching
They bathe in pools of water when available and will often spend time on preening when leaving the nest or after copulation. They sometimes rest on the ground with the tarsi laid flat on the ground and at other times may rest on one leg.
Healthy adult birds have few predators and are capable of rapid and agile flight when pursued by hawks or falcons.Some endoparasitic tapeworms and trematodes have been described from the species. Mortality caused by respiratory infection by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale has been recorded in captive birds in Pakistan.
Diet:
The diet of the lapwing includes a range of insects, snails and other invertebrates, mostly picked from the ground. They may also feed on some grains. They feed mainly during the day but they may also feed at night. They may sometimes make use of the legs to disturb insect prey from soft soil.
In culture:
In parts of India, a local belief is that the bird sleeps on its back with the legs upwards and an associated Hindi metaphor Tithiri se asman thama jayega ("can the lapwing support the heavens?") is used to refer to persons undertaking tasks beyond their ability or strength.
In parts of Rajasthan it is believed that the laying of eggs by the lapwing on high ground was an indication of good rains to come. The eggs are known to be collected by practitioners of folk medicine.
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Also known as Hill Garden Bug-eyed Frog. Other common names are bird poop frog and we also jokingly called it toilet frog because occasionally they breed in toilet bowl.
Habitat: Little is known about this rare species because of its cryptic appearance and arboreal lifestyle. They have been observed in small aggregations at breeding sites, which include water-filled tree cavities, small rainwater pools, or in artificial water containers (Leong and Lim 2003, Lau et al. 2004, Dever 2017).
Source: Amphibia.web.org
I made this trip to see the spawning aggregations of Goliath Groupers. The week before I arrived there were torrential rains and strong winds from the southwest which had blown the Gulf Stream far offshore. The water was stirred up, green, full of floc, and with a thermocline around 40-55’. But the Goliaths were still there and really impressive!! Frequently 15-30 or more per wreck; it was hard to count with the limited vis. I will be planning to come back next year hoping for better picture taking conditions.
Cothill Wildlife Reserves, Hitchcopse Pit , Abingdon, Oxon.
Their aggregation behavior, is regarded as a mechanism to prevent desiccation to which woodlice are extremely sensitive. However, it is now clear that there are additional benefits to aggregation in woodlice such as the limitation of water loss as the main factor explaining aggregation patterns, but also alternative explanations as reduction of oxygen consumption, increase in body growth, biotic stimuli for reproduction, better access to mates, possible shared defenses against predators, promotion of coprophagy as a secondary food source and sheltering behavior
photo chemically etched stainless steel
n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com will be open soon, but at least now when you go there you can join the mailing list
x
CINEMA DIGITAL
A Study of 4D Julia sets
Baraka / Baraka from DVD to 4K / Baraka with the monkey
Beatbox360
Enquanto a noite não chega (While we wait for the night â?" first Brazilian film in 4K)/(primeiro filme brasileiro em 4k)
Era la Notte
Flight to the Center of the Milky Way
Growth by aggregation 2
Jet Instabilities in a stratified fluid flow
Keio University Concert
Manny Farber (Tribute to)
Scalable City
The Nonlinear Evolution of the Universe
The Prague train
FILE INOVAÇÃO / FILE INNOVATION
Interface Cérebro-Computador – Eduardo Miranda
Sistema comercial de Reconhecimento Automático - Genius Instituto de Tecnologia
Robô de visão omnidirecional – Jun Okamoto
Loo Table: mesa interativa - André V. Perrotta, Erico Cheung e Luis Stateri dos Santos, da empresa Loodik
Simulador de Ondas e Simulador de Turbilhão - Steger produção de efeitos especiais ltda.
GAMES INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS GAMES
Giles Askham – Aquaplayne
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Transpose
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Full Body Games
Fabiano Onça e Coméia – Tantalus Quest
Julian Oliver - levelHead
GAMES
Andreas Zecher – Understanding Games
Andrei R. Thomaz – Cubos de Cor
Arvi Teikari – Once In Space
Fabrício Fava – Futebolando
Golf Question Mark – Golf
Introversion.co.uk – Darwinia
Jens Andersson and Ida Rödén – Rorschach
Jonatan Söderström – CleanAsia!
Jonatan Söderström – AdNauseum2
Jorn Ebner – sans femme et sans avieteur
Josh Nimoy – BallDroppings
Josiah Pisciotta – Gish
Marek Walczak and Martin Wattenberg – Thinking Machine 7
Mariana Rillo – Desmanche
Mark Essen - Punishment: The punishing
Mark Essen - RANDY BALMA: MUNICIPAL ABORTIONIST
Playtime – SFZero
QUBO GAS: Jef Ablézot, Morgan Dimnet & Laura Henno - WATERCOULEUR PARK
QueasyGames - Jonathan Mak – Everyday Shooter
R-S-G: Radical Software Group - Kriegspiel - Guy Debord's Game of War
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – On a Rainy Day
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Cytoplasm
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Particle Rain
Tales of Tales: Auriea Harvey & Michaël Samyn - The Graveyard
Tanja Vujinovic – Osciloo
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen – Clouds
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen - flOw
JOGOS BR
JOGOS BR 1
Ayri - Uma Lenda Amazônica - Sylker Teles da Silva / Outline Interactive
Capoeira Experience - Andre Ivankio Hauer Ploszaj / Okio Serviços de Comunicação Multimídia Ltda.
Cim-itério - Wagner Gomes Carvalho / Green Land Studios
Incorporated (Emprego Maluco) - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Iracema Aventura – Odair Gaspar / Perceptum Software Ltda.
Nevrose: Sangue e Loucura Sob o Sol do Sertão - Rodrigo Queiroz de Oliveira
/ Gamion Realidade Virtual & Games
Raízes do Mal – Marcos Cruz Alves / Ignis Entretenimento e Informática Ltda.
JOGOS BR 2 – Jogos Completos
Cave Days - Winston George A. Petty / Insolita Studios
Peixis!
(JOGO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Wallace Santos Lages / Ilusis Interactive Graphics
JOGOS BR 2 – Demos Jogáveis
Brasilia Tropicalis - Thiago Salgado Aiache de Moraes / Olympya Games
Conspiração Dumont - Guilherme Mattos Coutinho
Flora - Francisco Oliveira de Queiroz
Fórmula Galaxy – Artur Corrêa / Vencer Consultoria e Projetos Ltda.
Inferno - Alexandre Vrubel / Continuum Entertainment Ltda
Lex Venture - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Trem de Doido (DEMO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Marcos André Penna Coutinho
Zumbi, o rei dos Palmeiras - Nicholas Lima de Souza
HIPERSÔNICA / HIPERSONICA
Hipersônica Performance
Andrei Thomaz, Francisco Serpa, Lílian Campesato e Vitor Kisil – Sonocromática
Bernhard Gal – Gal Live
+Zero: Fabrizio Augusto Poltronieri, Jonattas Marcel Poltronieri, Raphael Dall'Anese - +Zero do Brasil
Luiz duVa - Concerto para duo de laptops
Henrique Roscoe (a.k.a. 1mpar) – HOL
Jose Ignacio Hinestrosa e Testsu Kondo – Fricciones
Alexandre Fenerich e Giuliano Obici – Nmenos1
Orqstra de Laptops de São Paulo - EvEnTo 3 Movimentos para Orquestra
Hipersônica Participantes
Agricola de Cologne - soundSTORY - sound as a tool for storytelling
Jen-Kuan Chang – Drishti II
Jen-Kuan Chang – Discordance
Jen-Kuan Chang – Nekkhamma
Jen-Kuan Chang - She, Flush, Vegetable, Lo Mein, and Intolerable Happiness
Jerome Soudan – Mimetic
Matt Lewis e Jeremy Keenan – Animate Objects
Robert Dow - Precipitation within sight
Tetsu Kondo – Dendraw
Tomas Phillips – Drink_Deep
INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS
Anaisa Franco – Connected Memories
Andrei Thomaz & Sílvia Laurentiz – 1º Subsolo
Graffiti Research Lab – Various
Hisako K. Yamakawa – Kodama
r3nder.net+i2off.org – is.3s
Jarbas Jacome – Crepúsculo dos Ídolos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – Magnéticos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – The Magic Torch
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho)
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho Azul)
Rejane Cantoni e Leonardo Crescenti – PISO
Sheldon Brown – Scalable City
Soraya Braz e Fábio FON – Roaming
Takahiro Matsuo – Phantasm
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Outer Space IP
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Phantasma
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Binary Art Site
SYMPOSIUM
Agnus Valente
Anaisa Franco
Andre Thomaz e Silvia Laurentiz
Christin Bolewski
Giles Askham
Graffiti Research Lab: James Powderly
Hidenori Watanave
Ivan Ivanoff e Jose Jimenez
Jarbas Jácome
João Fernando Igansi Nunes
Marcos Moraes
Mediengruppe Bitnik; Carmen Weisskopf, Domagoj Smoljo, Silvan Leuthold, Sven König [SWI]
Mesa Redonda (LABO) - Cicero Silva, Lev Manovich (teleconferencia) e Noah Wardrip-Fruin
Mesa Redonda [BRA] – (Hipersônica) Renata La Rocca, Gabriela Pereira Carneiro, Ana Paula Nogueira de Carvalho, Clarissa Ribeiro Pereira de Almeida. Mediação: Vivian Caccuri
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - [Ministro da Cultura: Gilberto Gil | Secretário do Audiovisual do Ministério da Cultura: Sílvio Da-Rin | Secretário de Políticas Culturais do Ministério da Cultura: Alfredo Manevy ]
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - Inovação - Lala Deheinzelin, Gian Zelada, Alessandro Dalla, Ivandro Sanches, Eduardo Giacomazzi. Mediação: Joana Ferraz
Mesa Redonda 4k - Jane de Almeida, Sheldon Brownn, Mike Toillion, Todd Margolis, Peter Otto
Nardo Germano
Nori Suzuki
Sandra Albuquerque Reis Fachinello
Satoru Tokuhisa
Sheldon Brown
Soraya Braz e Fabio FON
Suzete Venturelli, Mario Maciel e bolsistas do CNPq/UnB (Johnny Souza, Breno Rocha, João Rosa e Samuel Castro [BRA]
Ursula Hentschlaeger
Valzeli Sampaio
Cinema Documenta FILE São Paulo 2008
Antonello Matarazzo – Interferenze – Itália / Italy
Bruno Natal - Dub Echoes – Brasil / Brazil
Carlo Sansolo - Panoramika Eletronika - Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Logan – Recitation – Londres / London
Kodiak Bachine e Apollo 9 – Nuncupate – Brasil / Brazil
Linda Hilfing Nielsen - Participation 0.0 – Dinamarca
Maren Sextro e Holger Wick - Slices, Pioneers of Electronic Music – Vol.1 – Richie Hawtin Documentary – Alemanha / Germany
Matthew Bate - What The Future Sounded Like – Austrália
Thomas Ziegler, Jason Gross e Russell Charmo - OHM+ the early gurus of electronic music – Eua / USA
Mídia Arte FILE São Paulo 2008
[ fladry + jones ] Robb Fladry and Barry Jones - The War is Over 2007 – EUA / USA
Agricola de Cologne - One Day on Mars – Alemanha / Germany
alan bigelow - "When I Was President" – EUA / USA
Alessandra Ribeiro Parente Paes
Daniel Fernandes Gamez
Glauber Kotaki Rodrigues
Igor Albuquerque Bertolino
Karina Yuko Haneda
Marcio Pedrosa Tirico da Silva Junior – Reativo – Brasil / Brazil
Alessandro Capozzo – Talea – Itália / Italy
Alex Hetherington - Untitled (sexyback, folly artist) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Alexandre Campos, Bruno Massara e Lucilene Soares Alves - Novos Olhares sobre a Mobilidade – Brasil / Brazil
Alexandre Cardoso Rodrigues Nunes
Bruno Coimbra Franco
Diego Filipe Braga R. Nascimento
Fábio Rinaldi Batistine
Yumi Dayane Shimada – Abra Sua Gaveta – Brasil / Brazil
ALL: ALCIONE DE GODOY, ADILSON NG, CAMILLO LOUVISE COQUEIRO, MARINA QUEIROZ MAIA, RODOLFO ROSSI JULIANI, VINÍCIUS NAKAMURA DE BRITO – Vita Ex Maxina – Brasil / Brazil
Andreas Zingerle - Extension of Human sight – Áustria
Andrei R. Thomaz - O Tabuleiro dos Jogos que se bifurcam - First Person Movements - Brasil / Brazil
Andrei R. Thomaz e Marina Camargo – Eclipses – Brasil / Brazil
Brit Bunkley – Spin – Spite – Nova Zelândia – New Zeland
calin man – appendXship / Romênia
Carlindo da Conceição Barbosa
Kauê de Oliveira Souza
Guilherme Tetsuo Takei
Renato Michalischen
Ricardo Rodrigues Martins
Tassia Deusdara Manso
Thalyta de Almeida Barbosa / Da Música ao Caos – Brasil / Brazil
Christoph Korn – waldstueck – Alemanha / Germany
Corpos Informáticos: Bia Medeiros, Carla Rocha, Diego Azambuja, Fernando Aquino, Kacau Rodrigues, Márcio Mota, Marta Mencarini, Wanderson França – UAI 69 – Brasil / Brazil
Duda. – do pixel ao pixel – Brasil / Brazil
Daniel Kobayashi
Felipe Crivelli Ayub
Fernando Boschetti
Luiz Felipe M. Coelho
Marcelo Knelsen
Mauro Falavigna
Rafael de A. Campos
Wellington K. Guimarães Bastos - A Casa Dentro da Porta – Brasil / Brazil
David Clark - 88 Constellations for Wittgenstein – Canadá
Thais Paola Galvez
Josias Silva
Diego Abrahão Modesto
Nilson Benis
Vinicius Augusto Naka de Vasconcelos
Wilson Ruano Junior
Marcela Moreira da Silva – Rogério caos – Brasil / Brazil
Diogo Fuhrmann Misiti, Guilherme Pilz, João Henrique - Caleidoscópio Felliniano: 8 ½ - Brasil / Brazil
Agence TOPO: Elene Tremblay, Marcio Lana-Lopez, Maryse Larivière, Marie-Josée Hardy, James Prior - Mes / My contacts – Canadá / Canada
Eliane Weizmann, Fernando Marinho e Leocádio Neto – Storry teller – Brasil / Brazil
Fabian Antunes - Pousada Recanto Abaetuba – Brasil / Brazil
Edgar Franco e Fabio FON - Freakpedia - A verdadeira enciclopédia livre – Brasil / Brazil
Fernando Aquino – UAI Justiça – Brasil / Brazil
Henry Gwiazda - claudia and Paul - a doll's house is...... - there's whispering...... – EUA / USA
Architecture in Metaverse: Hidenori Watanave - "Archidemo" - Architecture in Metaverse – Hapão / Japan
Yto Aranda – Cyber Birds Dance – Chile
Dana Sperry - Sketch for an Intermezzo for the Masses, no. 7 – EUA / USA
Jorn Ebner - (sans femme et sans aviateur) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Josephine Anstey, Dave Pape - Office Diva – EUA / USA
Josh Fishburn – Layers – Waiting – EUA / USA
Karla Brunet – Peculiaris – Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Evensen - Veils of Light – EUA / USA
lemeh42 (santini michele and paoloni lorenza) - Study on human form and humanity #01 – Itália / Italy
linda hilfling e erik borra - misspelling generator – Dinamarca / Denmark
Lisa Link - If I Worked for 493 years – EUA / USA
Marcelo Padre – Estro – Brasil / Brazil
Martha Carrer Cruz Gabriel - Locative Painting - Brasil / Brazil
Martin John Callanan - I Wanted to See All of the News From Today – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Mateus Knelsen, Ana Clara, Felipe Vasconcelos, Rafael Jacobsen, Ronaldo Silva - A pós-modernidade em recortes: Tide Hellmeister e as relações Design e cultura – Brasil / Brazil
Mateus Knelsen, Felipe Szulc, Mileine Assai Ishii, Pamela Cardoso, Tânia Taura - Homo ex machina – Brasil / Brazil
Michael Takeo Magruder - Sequence-n (labyrinth) - Sequence-n (horizon) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Michael Takeo Magruder + Drew Baker + David Steele - The Vitruvian World - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nina Simões - Rehearsing Reality ( An interactive non-linear docufragmentary) - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nurit Bar-Shai - Nothing Happens – EUA / USA
projectsinge: Blanquet Jerome - Monkey_Party – França / France
QUBO GAS - WATERCOULEUR PARK – França / France
rachelmauricio castro – 360 - R.G.B. – tybushwacka – Brasil / Brazil
Rafael Rozendaal - future physics – Netherlands
Regina Célia Pinto - Ninhos & Magia – Brasil / Brazil
Roni Ribeiro – Bípedes – Brasil / Brazil
Rubens Pássaro - ISTO NÃO É PARANÓIA – Brasil / Brazil
Rui Filipe Antunes – xTNZ – Brasil / Brazil
Selcuk ARTUT & Cem OCALAN – NewsPaperBox – Brazil
Tanja Vujinovic - "Without Title" – Switzerland
Hipersônica Screening – FILE São Paulo 2008
1mpar – hol – Brasil / Brazil
Art Zoyd - EYECATCHER 1 - EYECATCHER 2, Man with a movie camera - Movie-Concert for The Fall of the Usher House – França / France
Audiobeamers (FroZenSP and Klinid) - Paesaggi Liquidi II – Alemanha / Germany
Bernhard Loibner – Meltdown – Áustria
Bjørn Erik Haugen – Regress - Norway
Celia Eid e Sébastien Béranger – Gymel – França / France
Studio Brutus/Citrullo International - H2O – Itália / Italy
Daniel Carvalho - OUT_FLOW PART I – Brasil / Brazil
David Muth - You Are The Sony Of My Life – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Dennis Summers - Phase Shift Vídeos – EUA / USA
Duprass - Liora Belford & Ido Govrin – Free Field – Pink / Noise – Israel
Fernando Velázquez – Nómada – Brasil / Brazil
Frames aka Flames - Performance audiovisual sincronizada: Sociedade pós-moderna, novas tecnologias e espaço urbano - Brasil / Brazil
Frederico Pessoa - butterbox – diving - Brasil / Brazil
Jay Needham - Narrative Half-life – EUA / USA
Soundsthatmatter – trotting – briji – Brasil / Brazil
x
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CINEMA DIGITAL
A Study of 4D Julia sets
Baraka / Baraka from DVD to 4K / Baraka with the monkey
Beatbox360
Enquanto a noite não chega (While we wait for the night â?" first Brazilian film in 4K)/(primeiro filme brasileiro em 4k)
Era la Notte
Flight to the Center of the Milky Way
Growth by aggregation 2
Jet Instabilities in a stratified fluid flow
Keio University Concert
Manny Farber (Tribute to)
Scalable City
The Nonlinear Evolution of the Universe
The Prague train
FILE INOVAÇÃO / FILE INNOVATION
Interface Cérebro-Computador – Eduardo Miranda
Sistema comercial de Reconhecimento Automático - Genius Instituto de Tecnologia
Robô de visão omnidirecional – Jun Okamoto
Loo Table: mesa interativa - André V. Perrotta, Erico Cheung e Luis Stateri dos Santos, da empresa Loodik
Simulador de Ondas e Simulador de Turbilhão - Steger produção de efeitos especiais ltda.
GAMES INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS GAMES
Giles Askham – Aquaplayne
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Transpose
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Full Body Games
Fabiano Onça e Coméia – Tantalus Quest
Julian Oliver - levelHead
GAMES
Andreas Zecher – Understanding Games
Andrei R. Thomaz – Cubos de Cor
Arvi Teikari – Once In Space
Fabrício Fava – Futebolando
Golf Question Mark – Golf
Introversion.co.uk – Darwinia
Jens Andersson and Ida Rödén – Rorschach
Jonatan Söderström – CleanAsia!
Jonatan Söderström – AdNauseum2
Jorn Ebner – sans femme et sans avieteur
Josh Nimoy – BallDroppings
Josiah Pisciotta – Gish
Marek Walczak and Martin Wattenberg – Thinking Machine 7
Mariana Rillo – Desmanche
Mark Essen - Punishment: The punishing
Mark Essen - RANDY BALMA: MUNICIPAL ABORTIONIST
Playtime – SFZero
QUBO GAS: Jef Ablézot, Morgan Dimnet & Laura Henno - WATERCOULEUR PARK
QueasyGames - Jonathan Mak – Everyday Shooter
R-S-G: Radical Software Group - Kriegspiel - Guy Debord's Game of War
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – On a Rainy Day
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Cytoplasm
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Particle Rain
Tales of Tales: Auriea Harvey & Michaël Samyn - The Graveyard
Tanja Vujinovic – Osciloo
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen – Clouds
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen - flOw
JOGOS BR
JOGOS BR 1
Ayri - Uma Lenda Amazônica - Sylker Teles da Silva / Outline Interactive
Capoeira Experience - Andre Ivankio Hauer Ploszaj / Okio Serviços de Comunicação Multimídia Ltda.
Cim-itério - Wagner Gomes Carvalho / Green Land Studios
Incorporated (Emprego Maluco) - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Iracema Aventura – Odair Gaspar / Perceptum Software Ltda.
Nevrose: Sangue e Loucura Sob o Sol do Sertão - Rodrigo Queiroz de Oliveira
/ Gamion Realidade Virtual & Games
Raízes do Mal – Marcos Cruz Alves / Ignis Entretenimento e Informática Ltda.
JOGOS BR 2 – Jogos Completos
Cave Days - Winston George A. Petty / Insolita Studios
Peixis!
(JOGO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Wallace Santos Lages / Ilusis Interactive Graphics
JOGOS BR 2 – Demos Jogáveis
Brasilia Tropicalis - Thiago Salgado Aiache de Moraes / Olympya Games
Conspiração Dumont - Guilherme Mattos Coutinho
Flora - Francisco Oliveira de Queiroz
Fórmula Galaxy – Artur Corrêa / Vencer Consultoria e Projetos Ltda.
Inferno - Alexandre Vrubel / Continuum Entertainment Ltda
Lex Venture - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Trem de Doido (DEMO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Marcos André Penna Coutinho
Zumbi, o rei dos Palmeiras - Nicholas Lima de Souza
HIPERSÔNICA / HIPERSONICA
Hipersônica Performance
Andrei Thomaz, Francisco Serpa, Lílian Campesato e Vitor Kisil – Sonocromática
Bernhard Gal – Gal Live
+Zero: Fabrizio Augusto Poltronieri, Jonattas Marcel Poltronieri, Raphael Dall'Anese - +Zero do Brasil
Luiz duVa - Concerto para duo de laptops
Henrique Roscoe (a.k.a. 1mpar) – HOL
Jose Ignacio Hinestrosa e Testsu Kondo – Fricciones
Alexandre Fenerich e Giuliano Obici – Nmenos1
Orqstra de Laptops de São Paulo - EvEnTo 3 Movimentos para Orquestra
Hipersônica Participantes
Agricola de Cologne - soundSTORY - sound as a tool for storytelling
Jen-Kuan Chang – Drishti II
Jen-Kuan Chang – Discordance
Jen-Kuan Chang – Nekkhamma
Jen-Kuan Chang - She, Flush, Vegetable, Lo Mein, and Intolerable Happiness
Jerome Soudan – Mimetic
Matt Lewis e Jeremy Keenan – Animate Objects
Robert Dow - Precipitation within sight
Tetsu Kondo – Dendraw
Tomas Phillips – Drink_Deep
INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS
Anaisa Franco – Connected Memories
Andrei Thomaz & Sílvia Laurentiz – 1º Subsolo
Graffiti Research Lab – Various
Hisako K. Yamakawa – Kodama
r3nder.net+i2off.org – is.3s
Jarbas Jacome – Crepúsculo dos Ídolos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – Magnéticos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – The Magic Torch
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho)
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho Azul)
Rejane Cantoni e Leonardo Crescenti – PISO
Sheldon Brown – Scalable City
Soraya Braz e Fábio FON – Roaming
Takahiro Matsuo – Phantasm
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Outer Space IP
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Phantasma
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Binary Art Site
SYMPOSIUM
Agnus Valente
Anaisa Franco
Andre Thomaz e Silvia Laurentiz
Christin Bolewski
Giles Askham
Graffiti Research Lab: James Powderly
Hidenori Watanave
Ivan Ivanoff e Jose Jimenez
Jarbas Jácome
João Fernando Igansi Nunes
Marcos Moraes
Mediengruppe Bitnik; Carmen Weisskopf, Domagoj Smoljo, Silvan Leuthold, Sven König [SWI]
Mesa Redonda (LABO) - Cicero Silva, Lev Manovich (teleconferencia) e Noah Wardrip-Fruin
Mesa Redonda [BRA] – (Hipersônica) Renata La Rocca, Gabriela Pereira Carneiro, Ana Paula Nogueira de Carvalho, Clarissa Ribeiro Pereira de Almeida. Mediação: Vivian Caccuri
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - [Ministro da Cultura: Gilberto Gil | Secretário do Audiovisual do Ministério da Cultura: Sílvio Da-Rin | Secretário de Políticas Culturais do Ministério da Cultura: Alfredo Manevy ]
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - Inovação - Lala Deheinzelin, Gian Zelada, Alessandro Dalla, Ivandro Sanches, Eduardo Giacomazzi. Mediação: Joana Ferraz
Mesa Redonda 4k - Jane de Almeida, Sheldon Brownn, Mike Toillion, Todd Margolis, Peter Otto
Nardo Germano
Nori Suzuki
Sandra Albuquerque Reis Fachinello
Satoru Tokuhisa
Sheldon Brown
Soraya Braz e Fabio FON
Suzete Venturelli, Mario Maciel e bolsistas do CNPq/UnB (Johnny Souza, Breno Rocha, João Rosa e Samuel Castro [BRA]
Ursula Hentschlaeger
Valzeli Sampaio
Cinema Documenta FILE São Paulo 2008
Antonello Matarazzo – Interferenze – Itália / Italy
Bruno Natal - Dub Echoes – Brasil / Brazil
Carlo Sansolo - Panoramika Eletronika - Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Logan – Recitation – Londres / London
Kodiak Bachine e Apollo 9 – Nuncupate – Brasil / Brazil
Linda Hilfing Nielsen - Participation 0.0 – Dinamarca
Maren Sextro e Holger Wick - Slices, Pioneers of Electronic Music – Vol.1 – Richie Hawtin Documentary – Alemanha / Germany
Matthew Bate - What The Future Sounded Like – Austrália
Thomas Ziegler, Jason Gross e Russell Charmo - OHM+ the early gurus of electronic music – Eua / USA
Mídia Arte FILE São Paulo 2008
[ fladry + jones ] Robb Fladry and Barry Jones - The War is Over 2007 – EUA / USA
Agricola de Cologne - One Day on Mars – Alemanha / Germany
alan bigelow - "When I Was President" – EUA / USA
Alessandra Ribeiro Parente Paes
Daniel Fernandes Gamez
Glauber Kotaki Rodrigues
Igor Albuquerque Bertolino
Karina Yuko Haneda
Marcio Pedrosa Tirico da Silva Junior – Reativo – Brasil / Brazil
Alessandro Capozzo – Talea – Itália / Italy
Alex Hetherington - Untitled (sexyback, folly artist) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Alexandre Campos, Bruno Massara e Lucilene Soares Alves - Novos Olhares sobre a Mobilidade – Brasil / Brazil
Alexandre Cardoso Rodrigues Nunes
Bruno Coimbra Franco
Diego Filipe Braga R. Nascimento
Fábio Rinaldi Batistine
Yumi Dayane Shimada – Abra Sua Gaveta – Brasil / Brazil
ALL: ALCIONE DE GODOY, ADILSON NG, CAMILLO LOUVISE COQUEIRO, MARINA QUEIROZ MAIA, RODOLFO ROSSI JULIANI, VINÍCIUS NAKAMURA DE BRITO – Vita Ex Maxina – Brasil / Brazil
Andreas Zingerle - Extension of Human sight – Áustria
Andrei R. Thomaz - O Tabuleiro dos Jogos que se bifurcam - First Person Movements - Brasil / Brazil
Andrei R. Thomaz e Marina Camargo – Eclipses – Brasil / Brazil
Brit Bunkley – Spin – Spite – Nova Zelândia – New Zeland
calin man – appendXship / Romênia
Carlindo da Conceição Barbosa
Kauê de Oliveira Souza
Guilherme Tetsuo Takei
Renato Michalischen
Ricardo Rodrigues Martins
Tassia Deusdara Manso
Thalyta de Almeida Barbosa / Da Música ao Caos – Brasil / Brazil
Christoph Korn – waldstueck – Alemanha / Germany
Corpos Informáticos: Bia Medeiros, Carla Rocha, Diego Azambuja, Fernando Aquino, Kacau Rodrigues, Márcio Mota, Marta Mencarini, Wanderson França – UAI 69 – Brasil / Brazil
Duda. – do pixel ao pixel – Brasil / Brazil
Daniel Kobayashi
Felipe Crivelli Ayub
Fernando Boschetti
Luiz Felipe M. Coelho
Marcelo Knelsen
Mauro Falavigna
Rafael de A. Campos
Wellington K. Guimarães Bastos - A Casa Dentro da Porta – Brasil / Brazil
David Clark - 88 Constellations for Wittgenstein – Canadá
Thais Paola Galvez
Josias Silva
Diego Abrahão Modesto
Nilson Benis
Vinicius Augusto Naka de Vasconcelos
Wilson Ruano Junior
Marcela Moreira da Silva – Rogério caos – Brasil / Brazil
Diogo Fuhrmann Misiti, Guilherme Pilz, João Henrique - Caleidoscópio Felliniano: 8 ½ - Brasil / Brazil
Agence TOPO: Elene Tremblay, Marcio Lana-Lopez, Maryse Larivière, Marie-Josée Hardy, James Prior - Mes / My contacts – Canadá / Canada
Eliane Weizmann, Fernando Marinho e Leocádio Neto – Storry teller – Brasil / Brazil
Fabian Antunes - Pousada Recanto Abaetuba – Brasil / Brazil
Edgar Franco e Fabio FON - Freakpedia - A verdadeira enciclopédia livre – Brasil / Brazil
Fernando Aquino – UAI Justiça – Brasil / Brazil
Henry Gwiazda - claudia and Paul - a doll's house is...... - there's whispering...... – EUA / USA
Architecture in Metaverse: Hidenori Watanave - "Archidemo" - Architecture in Metaverse – Hapão / Japan
Yto Aranda – Cyber Birds Dance – Chile
Dana Sperry - Sketch for an Intermezzo for the Masses, no. 7 – EUA / USA
Jorn Ebner - (sans femme et sans aviateur) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Josephine Anstey, Dave Pape - Office Diva – EUA / USA
Josh Fishburn – Layers – Waiting – EUA / USA
Karla Brunet – Peculiaris – Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Evensen - Veils of Light – EUA / USA
lemeh42 (santini michele and paoloni lorenza) - Study on human form and humanity #01 – Itália / Italy
linda hilfling e erik borra - misspelling generator – Dinamarca / Denmark
Lisa Link - If I Worked for 493 years – EUA / USA
Marcelo Padre – Estro – Brasil / Brazil
Martha Carrer Cruz Gabriel - Locative Painting - Brasil / Brazil
Martin John Callanan - I Wanted to See All of the News From Today – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Mateus Knelsen, Ana Clara, Felipe Vasconcelos, Rafael Jacobsen, Ronaldo Silva - A pós-modernidade em recortes: Tide Hellmeister e as relações Design e cultura – Brasil / Brazil
Mateus Knelsen, Felipe Szulc, Mileine Assai Ishii, Pamela Cardoso, Tânia Taura - Homo ex machina – Brasil / Brazil
Michael Takeo Magruder - Sequence-n (labyrinth) - Sequence-n (horizon) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Michael Takeo Magruder + Drew Baker + David Steele - The Vitruvian World - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nina Simões - Rehearsing Reality ( An interactive non-linear docufragmentary) - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nurit Bar-Shai - Nothing Happens – EUA / USA
projectsinge: Blanquet Jerome - Monkey_Party – França / France
QUBO GAS - WATERCOULEUR PARK – França / France
rachelmauricio castro – 360 - R.G.B. – tybushwacka – Brasil / Brazil
Rafael Rozendaal - future physics – Netherlands
Regina Célia Pinto - Ninhos & Magia – Brasil / Brazil
Roni Ribeiro – Bípedes – Brasil / Brazil
Rubens Pássaro - ISTO NÃO É PARANÓIA – Brasil / Brazil
Rui Filipe Antunes – xTNZ – Brasil / Brazil
Selcuk ARTUT & Cem OCALAN – NewsPaperBox – Brazil
Tanja Vujinovic - "Without Title" – Switzerland
Hipersônica Screening – FILE São Paulo 2008
1mpar – hol – Brasil / Brazil
Art Zoyd - EYECATCHER 1 - EYECATCHER 2, Man with a movie camera - Movie-Concert for The Fall of the Usher House – França / France
Audiobeamers (FroZenSP and Klinid) - Paesaggi Liquidi II – Alemanha / Germany
Bernhard Loibner – Meltdown – Áustria
Bjørn Erik Haugen – Regress - Norway
Celia Eid e Sébastien Béranger – Gymel – França / France
Studio Brutus/Citrullo International - H2O – Itália / Italy
Daniel Carvalho - OUT_FLOW PART I – Brasil / Brazil
David Muth - You Are The Sony Of My Life – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Dennis Summers - Phase Shift Vídeos – EUA / USA
Duprass - Liora Belford & Ido Govrin – Free Field – Pink / Noise – Israel
Fernando Velázquez – Nómada – Brasil / Brazil
Frames aka Flames - Performance audiovisual sincronizada: Sociedade pós-moderna, novas tecnologias e espaço urbano - Brasil / Brazil
Frederico Pessoa - butterbox – diving - Brasil / Brazil
Jay Needham - Narrative Half-life – EUA / USA
Soundsthatmatter – trotting – briji – Brasil / Brazil
x
x
CINEMA DIGITAL
A Study of 4D Julia sets
Baraka / Baraka from DVD to 4K / Baraka with the monkey
Beatbox360
Enquanto a noite não chega (While we wait for the night â?" first Brazilian film in 4K)/(primeiro filme brasileiro em 4k)
Era la Notte
Flight to the Center of the Milky Way
Growth by aggregation 2
Jet Instabilities in a stratified fluid flow
Keio University Concert
Manny Farber (Tribute to)
Scalable City
The Nonlinear Evolution of the Universe
The Prague train
FILE INOVAÇÃO / FILE INNOVATION
Interface Cérebro-Computador – Eduardo Miranda
Sistema comercial de Reconhecimento Automático - Genius Instituto de Tecnologia
Robô de visão omnidirecional – Jun Okamoto
Loo Table: mesa interativa - André V. Perrotta, Erico Cheung e Luis Stateri dos Santos, da empresa Loodik
Simulador de Ondas e Simulador de Turbilhão - Steger produção de efeitos especiais ltda.
GAMES INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS GAMES
Giles Askham – Aquaplayne
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Transpose
Jonah Warren & Steven Sanborn – Full Body Games
Fabiano Onça e Coméia – Tantalus Quest
Julian Oliver - levelHead
GAMES
Andreas Zecher – Understanding Games
Andrei R. Thomaz – Cubos de Cor
Arvi Teikari – Once In Space
Fabrício Fava – Futebolando
Golf Question Mark – Golf
Introversion.co.uk – Darwinia
Jens Andersson and Ida Rödén – Rorschach
Jonatan Söderström – CleanAsia!
Jonatan Söderström – AdNauseum2
Jorn Ebner – sans femme et sans avieteur
Josh Nimoy – BallDroppings
Josiah Pisciotta – Gish
Marek Walczak and Martin Wattenberg – Thinking Machine 7
Mariana Rillo – Desmanche
Mark Essen - Punishment: The punishing
Mark Essen - RANDY BALMA: MUNICIPAL ABORTIONIST
Playtime – SFZero
QUBO GAS: Jef Ablézot, Morgan Dimnet & Laura Henno - WATERCOULEUR PARK
QueasyGames - Jonathan Mak – Everyday Shooter
R-S-G: Radical Software Group - Kriegspiel - Guy Debord's Game of War
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – On a Rainy Day
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Cytoplasm
Shalin Shodhan (www.experimentalgameplay.com) – Particle Rain
Tales of Tales: Auriea Harvey & Michaël Samyn - The Graveyard
Tanja Vujinovic – Osciloo
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen – Clouds
ThatGameCompany – Jenova Chen - flOw
JOGOS BR
JOGOS BR 1
Ayri - Uma Lenda Amazônica - Sylker Teles da Silva / Outline Interactive
Capoeira Experience - Andre Ivankio Hauer Ploszaj / Okio Serviços de Comunicação Multimídia Ltda.
Cim-itério - Wagner Gomes Carvalho / Green Land Studios
Incorporated (Emprego Maluco) - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Iracema Aventura – Odair Gaspar / Perceptum Software Ltda.
Nevrose: Sangue e Loucura Sob o Sol do Sertão - Rodrigo Queiroz de Oliveira
/ Gamion Realidade Virtual & Games
Raízes do Mal – Marcos Cruz Alves / Ignis Entretenimento e Informática Ltda.
JOGOS BR 2 – Jogos Completos
Cave Days - Winston George A. Petty / Insolita Studios
Peixis!
(JOGO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Wallace Santos Lages / Ilusis Interactive Graphics
JOGOS BR 2 – Demos Jogáveis
Brasilia Tropicalis - Thiago Salgado Aiache de Moraes / Olympya Games
Conspiração Dumont - Guilherme Mattos Coutinho
Flora - Francisco Oliveira de Queiroz
Fórmula Galaxy – Artur Corrêa / Vencer Consultoria e Projetos Ltda.
Inferno - Alexandre Vrubel / Continuum Entertainment Ltda
Lex Venture - Tiago Pinheiro Teixeira / Interama Jogos Eletrônicos
Trem de Doido (DEMO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO) - Marcos André Penna Coutinho
Zumbi, o rei dos Palmeiras - Nicholas Lima de Souza
HIPERSÔNICA / HIPERSONICA
Hipersônica Performance
Andrei Thomaz, Francisco Serpa, Lílian Campesato e Vitor Kisil – Sonocromática
Bernhard Gal – Gal Live
+Zero: Fabrizio Augusto Poltronieri, Jonattas Marcel Poltronieri, Raphael Dall'Anese - +Zero do Brasil
Luiz duVa - Concerto para duo de laptops
Henrique Roscoe (a.k.a. 1mpar) – HOL
Jose Ignacio Hinestrosa e Testsu Kondo – Fricciones
Alexandre Fenerich e Giuliano Obici – Nmenos1
Orqstra de Laptops de São Paulo - EvEnTo 3 Movimentos para Orquestra
Hipersônica Participantes
Agricola de Cologne - soundSTORY - sound as a tool for storytelling
Jen-Kuan Chang – Drishti II
Jen-Kuan Chang – Discordance
Jen-Kuan Chang – Nekkhamma
Jen-Kuan Chang - She, Flush, Vegetable, Lo Mein, and Intolerable Happiness
Jerome Soudan – Mimetic
Matt Lewis e Jeremy Keenan – Animate Objects
Robert Dow - Precipitation within sight
Tetsu Kondo – Dendraw
Tomas Phillips – Drink_Deep
INSTALAÇÕES / INSTALLATIONS
Anaisa Franco – Connected Memories
Andrei Thomaz & Sílvia Laurentiz – 1º Subsolo
Graffiti Research Lab – Various
Hisako K. Yamakawa – Kodama
r3nder.net+i2off.org – is.3s
Jarbas Jacome – Crepúsculo dos Ídolos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – Magnéticos
Julio Obelleiro & Alberto García – The Magic Torch
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho)
Mariana Manhães – Liquescer (Jarrinho Azul)
Rejane Cantoni e Leonardo Crescenti – PISO
Sheldon Brown – Scalable City
Soraya Braz e Fábio FON – Roaming
Takahiro Matsuo – Phantasm
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Outer Space IP
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Phantasma
Ursula Hentschlaeger – Binary Art Site
SYMPOSIUM
Agnus Valente
Anaisa Franco
Andre Thomaz e Silvia Laurentiz
Christin Bolewski
Giles Askham
Graffiti Research Lab: James Powderly
Hidenori Watanave
Ivan Ivanoff e Jose Jimenez
Jarbas Jácome
João Fernando Igansi Nunes
Marcos Moraes
Mediengruppe Bitnik; Carmen Weisskopf, Domagoj Smoljo, Silvan Leuthold, Sven König [SWI]
Mesa Redonda (LABO) - Cicero Silva, Lev Manovich (teleconferencia) e Noah Wardrip-Fruin
Mesa Redonda [BRA] – (Hipersônica) Renata La Rocca, Gabriela Pereira Carneiro, Ana Paula Nogueira de Carvalho, Clarissa Ribeiro Pereira de Almeida. Mediação: Vivian Caccuri
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - [Ministro da Cultura: Gilberto Gil | Secretário do Audiovisual do Ministério da Cultura: Sílvio Da-Rin | Secretário de Políticas Culturais do Ministério da Cultura: Alfredo Manevy ]
Mesa Redonda [BRA] - Inovação - Lala Deheinzelin, Gian Zelada, Alessandro Dalla, Ivandro Sanches, Eduardo Giacomazzi. Mediação: Joana Ferraz
Mesa Redonda 4k - Jane de Almeida, Sheldon Brownn, Mike Toillion, Todd Margolis, Peter Otto
Nardo Germano
Nori Suzuki
Sandra Albuquerque Reis Fachinello
Satoru Tokuhisa
Sheldon Brown
Soraya Braz e Fabio FON
Suzete Venturelli, Mario Maciel e bolsistas do CNPq/UnB (Johnny Souza, Breno Rocha, João Rosa e Samuel Castro [BRA]
Ursula Hentschlaeger
Valzeli Sampaio
Cinema Documenta FILE São Paulo 2008
Antonello Matarazzo – Interferenze – Itália / Italy
Bruno Natal - Dub Echoes – Brasil / Brazil
Carlo Sansolo - Panoramika Eletronika - Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Logan – Recitation – Londres / London
Kodiak Bachine e Apollo 9 – Nuncupate – Brasil / Brazil
Linda Hilfing Nielsen - Participation 0.0 – Dinamarca
Maren Sextro e Holger Wick - Slices, Pioneers of Electronic Music – Vol.1 – Richie Hawtin Documentary – Alemanha / Germany
Matthew Bate - What The Future Sounded Like – Austrália
Thomas Ziegler, Jason Gross e Russell Charmo - OHM+ the early gurus of electronic music – Eua / USA
Mídia Arte FILE São Paulo 2008
[ fladry + jones ] Robb Fladry and Barry Jones - The War is Over 2007 – EUA / USA
Agricola de Cologne - One Day on Mars – Alemanha / Germany
alan bigelow - "When I Was President" – EUA / USA
Alessandra Ribeiro Parente Paes
Daniel Fernandes Gamez
Glauber Kotaki Rodrigues
Igor Albuquerque Bertolino
Karina Yuko Haneda
Marcio Pedrosa Tirico da Silva Junior – Reativo – Brasil / Brazil
Alessandro Capozzo – Talea – Itália / Italy
Alex Hetherington - Untitled (sexyback, folly artist) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Alexandre Campos, Bruno Massara e Lucilene Soares Alves - Novos Olhares sobre a Mobilidade – Brasil / Brazil
Alexandre Cardoso Rodrigues Nunes
Bruno Coimbra Franco
Diego Filipe Braga R. Nascimento
Fábio Rinaldi Batistine
Yumi Dayane Shimada – Abra Sua Gaveta – Brasil / Brazil
ALL: ALCIONE DE GODOY, ADILSON NG, CAMILLO LOUVISE COQUEIRO, MARINA QUEIROZ MAIA, RODOLFO ROSSI JULIANI, VINÍCIUS NAKAMURA DE BRITO – Vita Ex Maxina – Brasil / Brazil
Andreas Zingerle - Extension of Human sight – Áustria
Andrei R. Thomaz - O Tabuleiro dos Jogos que se bifurcam - First Person Movements - Brasil / Brazil
Andrei R. Thomaz e Marina Camargo – Eclipses – Brasil / Brazil
Brit Bunkley – Spin – Spite – Nova Zelândia – New Zeland
calin man – appendXship / Romênia
Carlindo da Conceição Barbosa
Kauê de Oliveira Souza
Guilherme Tetsuo Takei
Renato Michalischen
Ricardo Rodrigues Martins
Tassia Deusdara Manso
Thalyta de Almeida Barbosa / Da Música ao Caos – Brasil / Brazil
Christoph Korn – waldstueck – Alemanha / Germany
Corpos Informáticos: Bia Medeiros, Carla Rocha, Diego Azambuja, Fernando Aquino, Kacau Rodrigues, Márcio Mota, Marta Mencarini, Wanderson França – UAI 69 – Brasil / Brazil
Duda. – do pixel ao pixel – Brasil / Brazil
Daniel Kobayashi
Felipe Crivelli Ayub
Fernando Boschetti
Luiz Felipe M. Coelho
Marcelo Knelsen
Mauro Falavigna
Rafael de A. Campos
Wellington K. Guimarães Bastos - A Casa Dentro da Porta – Brasil / Brazil
David Clark - 88 Constellations for Wittgenstein – Canadá
Thais Paola Galvez
Josias Silva
Diego Abrahão Modesto
Nilson Benis
Vinicius Augusto Naka de Vasconcelos
Wilson Ruano Junior
Marcela Moreira da Silva – Rogério caos – Brasil / Brazil
Diogo Fuhrmann Misiti, Guilherme Pilz, João Henrique - Caleidoscópio Felliniano: 8 ½ - Brasil / Brazil
Agence TOPO: Elene Tremblay, Marcio Lana-Lopez, Maryse Larivière, Marie-Josée Hardy, James Prior - Mes / My contacts – Canadá / Canada
Eliane Weizmann, Fernando Marinho e Leocádio Neto – Storry teller – Brasil / Brazil
Fabian Antunes - Pousada Recanto Abaetuba – Brasil / Brazil
Edgar Franco e Fabio FON - Freakpedia - A verdadeira enciclopédia livre – Brasil / Brazil
Fernando Aquino – UAI Justiça – Brasil / Brazil
Henry Gwiazda - claudia and Paul - a doll's house is...... - there's whispering...... – EUA / USA
Architecture in Metaverse: Hidenori Watanave - "Archidemo" - Architecture in Metaverse – Hapão / Japan
Yto Aranda – Cyber Birds Dance – Chile
Dana Sperry - Sketch for an Intermezzo for the Masses, no. 7 – EUA / USA
Jorn Ebner - (sans femme et sans aviateur) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Josephine Anstey, Dave Pape - Office Diva – EUA / USA
Josh Fishburn – Layers – Waiting – EUA / USA
Karla Brunet – Peculiaris – Brasil / Brazil
Kevin Evensen - Veils of Light – EUA / USA
lemeh42 (santini michele and paoloni lorenza) - Study on human form and humanity #01 – Itália / Italy
linda hilfling e erik borra - misspelling generator – Dinamarca / Denmark
Lisa Link - If I Worked for 493 years – EUA / USA
Marcelo Padre – Estro – Brasil / Brazil
Martha Carrer Cruz Gabriel - Locative Painting - Brasil / Brazil
Martin John Callanan - I Wanted to See All of the News From Today – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Mateus Knelsen, Ana Clara, Felipe Vasconcelos, Rafael Jacobsen, Ronaldo Silva - A pós-modernidade em recortes: Tide Hellmeister e as relações Design e cultura – Brasil / Brazil
Mateus Knelsen, Felipe Szulc, Mileine Assai Ishii, Pamela Cardoso, Tânia Taura - Homo ex machina – Brasil / Brazil
Michael Takeo Magruder - Sequence-n (labyrinth) - Sequence-n (horizon) – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Michael Takeo Magruder + Drew Baker + David Steele - The Vitruvian World - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nina Simões - Rehearsing Reality ( An interactive non-linear docufragmentary) - Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Nurit Bar-Shai - Nothing Happens – EUA / USA
projectsinge: Blanquet Jerome - Monkey_Party – França / France
QUBO GAS - WATERCOULEUR PARK – França / France
rachelmauricio castro – 360 - R.G.B. – tybushwacka – Brasil / Brazil
Rafael Rozendaal - future physics – Netherlands
Regina Célia Pinto - Ninhos & Magia – Brasil / Brazil
Roni Ribeiro – Bípedes – Brasil / Brazil
Rubens Pássaro - ISTO NÃO É PARANÓIA – Brasil / Brazil
Rui Filipe Antunes – xTNZ – Brasil / Brazil
Selcuk ARTUT & Cem OCALAN – NewsPaperBox – Brazil
Tanja Vujinovic - "Without Title" – Switzerland
Hipersônica Screening – FILE São Paulo 2008
1mpar – hol – Brasil / Brazil
Art Zoyd - EYECATCHER 1 - EYECATCHER 2, Man with a movie camera - Movie-Concert for The Fall of the Usher House – França / France
Audiobeamers (FroZenSP and Klinid) - Paesaggi Liquidi II – Alemanha / Germany
Bernhard Loibner – Meltdown – Áustria
Bjørn Erik Haugen – Regress - Norway
Celia Eid e Sébastien Béranger – Gymel – França / France
Studio Brutus/Citrullo International - H2O – Itália / Italy
Daniel Carvalho - OUT_FLOW PART I – Brasil / Brazil
David Muth - You Are The Sony Of My Life – Reino Unido / United Kingdon
Dennis Summers - Phase Shift Vídeos – EUA / USA
Duprass - Liora Belford & Ido Govrin – Free Field – Pink / Noise – Israel
Fernando Velázquez – Nómada – Brasil / Brazil
Frames aka Flames - Performance audiovisual sincronizada: Sociedade pós-moderna, novas tecnologias e espaço urbano - Brasil / Brazil
Frederico Pessoa - butterbox – diving - Brasil / Brazil
Jay Needham - Narrative Half-life – EUA / USA
Soundsthatmatter – trotting – briji – Brasil / Brazil
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Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus)
I've just returned from a trip in the Philippines which has a number of places which are known to have whale shark aggregations.
One is close to an international transport route and there is considerable tourist activity in the area. No doubt grateful for the tourist revenue, the local people are known to feed the whale sharks and this is generally frowned upon by the conservation community.
The second, generally more accepted, tourist-friendly location is further north. There, the tourist interactions are apparently managed more comprehensively. However, I had heard that there had been attempts at herding of the sharks towards the end of the period in which the whale sharks are known to appear.
The third location was in the waters around Southern Leyte. There are no maps pinpointing specific 'spots' and the dive centre I spoke to was careful not to offer guarantees of a sighting. Notwithstanding that I was much less likely to see one, I decided this would be where I would go and have a look for them.
The day this image was taken, we'd spent half a day on 'Mind Games' a boat operated by Southern Leyte Divers (SLD). We had moored off a small village and collected half a dozen spotters from the village, whose canoes were daisy-chained behind our boat and towed to the waters off a peninsula (where sharks presumably had been seen previously). The canoes then fanned out and began searching. The water was silky calm but the sky was super cloudy and ironically the stillness filled the water with reflections, making spotting extremely hard and at about 2.30pm we stopped looking and decided to go for a dive before returning to our island.
I think perhaps I might have felt more disappointment when we ultimately gave up the search if the whole experience hadn't been so well managed. Firstly SLD had been honest about the risks of not seeing a whale shark and that we didn't, reinforced the fact that these animals were really just doing their own thing. Secondly, the involvement of the local spotters made me feel like there were real, serious attempts being made at reducing the pressure on local fish stocks by making jobs that used marine resources in a sustainable way. Having spent the day on an awesome outrigger boat scanning the sea, I'd had a pretty lovely day anyway.
Anyway, we descended for our dive at the opposite end of the bay to where we'd searched for the sharks. We were straight into a pretty strong current so the dive became a drift dive that followed a wall back into the bay. I'd sprung a leak in my sync chord bulkhead and had no artificial lighting when this adolescent whale shark appeared down-current of us, and just cruised past us.
I had perhaps 10 seconds to kick diagonally up-current to get alongside it and I was able to rattle off about four shots before it passed me like a baby submarine and I submitted to the current.
The encounter may have been brief, but it was its sheer unexpectedness that made it so special.
Notwithstanding that I didn't get any 'classic' photographs I'm so glad I took the road less traveled out of Southern Leyte.
Studley Royal Park including the ruins of Fountains Abbey is a designated World Heritage Site in North Yorkshire, England. The site, which has an area of 800 acres (323 ha), features an 18th-century landscaped garden, some of the largest Cistercian abbey ruins in Europe, ruins of a Jacobean mansion and a Victorian church designed by William Burges.
Originally separate estates, after the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the Fountains estate was owned by the Gresham, Proctor, and Messenger families. At the same time, the Studley estate was separately held by the Mallorie (or Mallory) and then Aislabie families, after the marriage of Mary Mallory and George Aislabie. The estates were combined on 22 December 1767, when William Aislabie purchased the Fountains estate from John Messenger. In 1966, the property came into public ownership after its purchase by West Riding County Council. In 1983, it was acquired by the National Trust.
The gardens and park reflect every stage in the evolution of English garden fashion, from the late 17th century to the 1780s and beyond. Most unusually, both John and William embraced new garden fashions by extending their designed landscape rather than replacing and remaking outmoded parts. As a result, the cumulative whole is a catalogue of significant landscaping styles.
Studley Royal Park is an estate in North Yorkshire, England. The land broadly slopes and east-facing views are a feature of its landscape. The River Skell runs through the site, cutting through layers of Upper Carboniferous sandstone and Permian Magnesian limestone. The park was formed through the aggregation of the former land-holdings of Fountains Abbey, which were purchased by the Gresham family after the Dissolution, and the estate of Studley Royal.
Whilst the prehistoric origins of the land upon which Studley Royal Park now stands are under-researched, there is evidence for settlement in the area. An excavated flint assemblage from the park demonstrates the presence of people working flint on the site. There is evidence of farming activity dated to 4,500 years ago.
Material from the Iron Age is also associated with the site, including a lost gold torc. Iron Age enclosures at Mackershaw date from the sixth to fifth centuries BC. In the later phases of that enclosure, Romano-British material, including an Egyptian glass bangle, has also been discovered. The presence of Romano-British communities is also attested by the excavation of four skeletons by the vicar of Wath in 1881.
Documentary sources and place-name evidence, rather than archaeological excavation, provide insight into the early medieval period in the area. The Venerable Bede recorded that king Alhfrith of Deira granted land for a monastery near Ripon to Eata.
Fountains Abbey was founded in 1132 by Benedictine monks who left St Mary's Abbey, York to follow the Cistercian order. During the medieval period, monastic landholding steadily increased. For example, in the 1220s, Cassandra de Aleman donated land at Swanley to become part of the monastic grange.
After the dissolution of the monasteries in 1539 by Henry VIII, the Abbey buildings and over 40% of the former monastic estate was sold by the Crown to Sir Richard Gresham, a merchant. The Greshams, as new owners of a formerly monastic site had a responsibility to render it incapable of future religious use. This was done through a programme of demolition and sale of goods, which included the stripping of lead from the buildings, the removal of glass and Nidderdale 'marble' from the church.
The property was passed down through several generations of Sir Richard's family, then sold to Stephen Proctor in 1596. This included the precinct, Fountains Park and Swanley Grange. It was Proctor who built Fountains Hall probably between 1598 and 1604. The hall is a Jacobean mansion, built partly with stone from the Abbey ruins. Proctor was subsequently imprisoned and sold Fountains Park to pay his legal fees. In April 1622 the Fountains estate was re-combined by Timothy Whittingham, who re-mortgaged it the same year to Humphrey Wharton. Over the subsequent two years, parts of the estate were ceded to several creditors, but ultimately Wharton regained control. The 1627 estate sale includes details for a lead casting workshop in the Warming House; the estate was bought by Richard Ewens and his son-in-law John Messenger. During the English Civil War Messenger reputedly fought at the Battles of Marston Moor and at Naseby. In 1655 Ewens' grandson, William Messenger, inherited the estate.
The Messengers were never wealthy, and in 1676 William Messenger had to arrange mortgages on the estate in order to pay for his daughters marriages. Other financial troubles led William to leave his family, and he died in Paris in 1680, leaving his three-year-old son, John Messenger, to inherit. He married Margaret Scrope in 1698, a year after he came of age, and around this time he began re-building works on Fountain Hall. He rented out areas of the former abbey, including the mill; however these leases excluded mineral extraction, which were kept by Messenger. The family were also keenly interested in the ruins of the abbey itself, and allowed people to visit from as early as 1655.
In 1736, William's son Michael James married Elizabeth Sayer and took responsibility for the estate. He commissioned the first measured survey of the abbey in 1758. The family's financial position was declining and by 1765 Michael was selling oaks from the estate. Michael James died in 1766 and his son John Michael inherited. On 22 December 1767, John Michael sold the Fountains estate to William Aislabie for £18,000.
From 1452 onwards, Studley Royal was inhabited by the Mallory family, most notably by MPs John Mallory and William Mallory. A depiction of the enclosed park first appeared on Christopher Saxton's 1577 map of Yorkshire. In 1607 John Mallory commissioned the first surviving survey of the estate. This listed land-holdings and it demonstrated that the estate formerly extended beyond the park. During the English Civil War, William Mallory and his son John, were loyal to the Crown; John commanded a force that defended Skipton Castle. They only surrendered in December 1645. William died in 1646 and John was fined by Parliament for half the value of the estate. Paying off the fine was attempted by selling off his wife's family estate, as well as other property, including a mill at Galphay and a farm at Nunwick. However, despite this, when John died in January 1656, and his son William inherited, aged only eight years old, debts had mounted up to £10,000. During this time it was John's widow, Mary, who managed the estate and managed to bring it within its means once more. However, in 1667, William died aged nineteen and the estate passed to his sisters: the eldest Mary, who was married to George Aislabie, as well as Jane and Elizabeth.
Aislabie was the son of a farmer from Osgodby in North Yorkshire. He worked as a clerk for William Turbutt in the church courts at York. As part of Turbutt's household, Aislabie inherited £200 at his death in November 1648. After Turbutt's death Aislabie remained as part of the household, working for the widowed Elizabeth Turbutt. There is a suggestion made by John Richard Walbran that the pair may have had a romantic attachment, but this is unproven. Nevertheless he was the primary beneficiary of Turbutt's will when she died in 1662 – a result of which he purchased Treasurer's House in York. It was around this time that he married Mary Mallorie. George was killed in a duel in 1676. It was George who began plans for the re-establishment of an enlarged park with Studley Royal in its centre. Studley Great Gate, now more commonly known as East Gate, the largest probable remnant of his plans.
George Aislabie's wife, Mary, preserved the estate, but by the time of her death in 1683 was in debt. Trustees to the estate were appointed until the heir, Mallorie Aislabie, came of age: William Robinson, husband of the eldest daughter Mary and Arthur Ingram. Mallorie died in 1685 and was succeeded as heir by his brother George, who inherited but then died in 1693. The third brother, John Aislabie inherited the Studley estate. A survey in 1694 describes both an 'old park' and a 'new park' which invites consideration of expansion under his father.
By 1695 John Aislabie was the Tory Member of Parliament for Ripon, and in 1718 became Chancellor of the Exchequer. This enabled some of the family's perhaps long held plans, to landscape the park, to begin. This included the construction of a tower on How Hill, and the canal and cascade that became the foundation of the Water Garden. Aislabie was a principal sponsor of the South Sea Company scheme, the bill for which was promoted by him personally. In 1720 this vast financial operation collapsed, and in 1721 he was expelled from Parliament and disqualified for life from public office. Stocks from the South Sea Company were grafted to the East India Company, of which his brother William was a director.
Aislabie returned to Yorkshire and from 1723 devoted himself to the landscaping of the estate. This included the construction of a boundary wall along the western side of the valley between the Fountains Abbey and Studley Royal estates. This wall had at least one viewing platform and connected to the path known as High Walk. Boundaries including ha-has were also constructed at this time. It is possible the design was influenced by his kinsman William Benson's knowledge of neo-Palladian design. Other early features included The Upper Canal and Drum Falls. Flooding subsequently damaged these early developments, and by 1726 approximately 100 men were working to create water features, which included canals and ponds. The design of the cascade and the fishing lodges is attributed to Roger Morris, who worked with Colen Campbell. The cascade and the canal was described in 1729 by Stephen Switzer in his volume of engineering, Hydrostatics. Aislabie and Morris's works did not just extend to the water gardens, but also to other areas of the estate. By 1728 work was also underway on the High Stables, which can still be seen in the deer park.
During the 1730s and 1740s, there were a number of head gardeners employed by Aislabie. William Fisher worked on the estate from at least 1717 to 1732, when he was paid off. He was followed by John Hossack (left 1738), Mathias Mitchell (dismissed 1742) and then James Lockey (died 1744). Another significant employee was Robert Doe, who was a builder, mason and later head gardener too. Doe later worked on building projects for Castle Howard and for Swinton Castle. This was also a period of expansion, during which Aislabie changed the lease on Mackershaw – making it permanent, rather than leased for agriculture. During this phase, the Grotto was constructed and changes were made to footpaths around its location; the Temple of Piety was also built.
In 1738 the first known plan of the gardens was made by Sir John Clerk of Penicuik, who was visiting them as part of a northern tour. At the same time the Octagon Tower was also constructed and it was glazed and decorated during 1735; subsequently stuccowork was added by Francesco Vassalli. Other buildings constructed at this time include the Bathing House and the Boathouse. The planting at this time was perhaps sparser than that of the estate in the early twenty-first century: eighteenth-century visitors reported seeing bare rock between the trees. The late 1730s also saw a revision of the statuary scheme in the gardens, which included the introduction of a statue of Neptune, centrally located in the Moon Pond.
After Aislabie's death on 18 June 1742, his son William inherited, and whilst little is known about William's life, it is known that he set out on a Grand Tour in 1720, which was thwarted by political turmoil in France. In 1724 he married Lady Elizabeth Cecil, with whom he had six children: two sons and four daughters. Elizabeth and two of their daughters died in a smallpox outbreak in 1733. William's first scheme for the gardens was the construction of a funerary pyramid, modelled on the one at Stowe Gardens. He also extended the designed landscape further down the Skell Valley and introduced in 1745 a 'Chinese house', inspired by fashion at the time.
In 1745 William re-married, to Elizabeth Vernon, who was the niece of his step-mother. Perhaps, as a result, Studley Hall was renovated, which included the decoration of two rooms in a chinoiserie style. In the 1750s a gardeners house was built near the Kitchen Garden and two ice houses were constructed. A private garden with aviary was also created next to Studley Hall during this period. William also added new architectural features to the park: an obelisk at the western end of the main avenue and the Belvedere, which was a Gothic garden room. In addition to new buildings, existing ones had a change of character: for example the Temple of Venus had family portraits installed in it and its name changes to that of 'Banqueting House'. In the 1750s the network of footpaths around the gardens were also much greater than the modern-day lay-out. Overall, William extended the landscaped area in the picturesque romantic style, contrasting with the formality of his father's work. Between them, the two created what is arguably England's most important 18th-century landscape gardens.
On 22 December 1767, William Aislabie purchased the Fountains estate from John Messenger, combining the Studley and Fountains estates.
In February 1768, the gardens were flooded, which resulted in repairs and renovations. Subsequently the reservoir was expanded from a two acre, to a three and a half acre capacity. This period also included the insertion of new garden buildings, such as the Green Arch and the White Seat. In addition, new water features were added to the south-east of the gardens. 1768 also saw Robert Doe, on the instruction of Aislabie, begin to clear and stabilise the abbey ruins; work which continued until at least 1773. Part of this scheme of work included the demolition of the Lay Brothers' Cloister. It also included construction: the Gazebo was built under the east Window, which provided visitors with an elevated view of the nave.
Anne Boleyn's Hill is first named as part of the gardens in 1771, where an antiquarian headless statue looked out on the valley. The statue moved and was restored to its location in 2004. The last mention of the Rotondo and the Coffin Lawn date to 1775, and it is likely the former was used to infill the latter. The canalisation of the Skell near the Abbey was undertaken in 1773, which used the river as a framing device for the view of the abbey from Anne Boleyn's Seat (constructed c.1789–91).
William also added ornamentation to parts of the ruins, adding detailing, but most significantly recreating the location of the high alter through the repositioning of medieval tiles found throughout the site. He also added planting to the cloister, in the form of shrubs and flowers. Greater security was also introduced to the abbey, with lockable doors and gates. However there was contemporary criticism of these changes, in particular from William Gilpin, who visited Studley on a tour of the north of England.
William died on 17 May 1781 in London. The estate passed to his elder daughter, Elizabeth Allanson, after his two sons predeceased him. Whilst she spent the majority of her time as owner at her home in Twickenham, Elizabeth did continue her family's civic work in Ripon – donating to the poor, funding streetlighting and building Ripon Town Hall. However, although she appointed Christopher Hall as agent, during her ownership, and her lack of presence at the estate, many areas of the designed landscape became neglected.
Elizabeth died on 8 March 1808 and was succeeded by her niece, Elizabeth Sophia Lawrence, who lived at Studley from 1808 until her death in 1845. An influential woman in the area, she used her position to influence (and punish) voters.[10] Under her ownership, she made further additions to the grounds, which included the stone Obelisk, as well as Robin Hood's Well, which enclosed a small spring. She also made repairs to the abbey, including to Huby's Tower. It was under her ownership that John Richard Walbran first undertook excavations in 1840. In her will she left bequests totalling £237,000, including £1000 to fund a dispensary in Ripon.
The estate then devolved to Thomas Philip, 2nd Earl de Grey, a distant relative. Under de Grey, Walbran undertook further excavation. These excavations in the 1850s also piqued public interest further in the site. This was furthered by the opening of curative springs nearby in Harrogate bringing a large tourism audience with it. Management of the huge increases in the numbers of tourists entailed the creation of new routes, including the De Grey Walk and the Well Walk. In 1847 a new one shilling entrance fee was introduced. The first record of a school trip to the site was from St Peter's School, Dallowgill, in September 1851. In 1858 the first museum for the site was opened in the Muniments Room, above the Warming House. The 1850s also saw major events held at the estate for the first time. These raised funds for a variety of causes, such as the Ripon Mechanics Institute, to celebrate peace in Crimea, and a 'Great Musical Celebration' in 1868. In 1869 the third-earliest bicycle race to be held in England ran through the estate.
On de Grey's death in 1859, the estate passed to his nephew, George Frederick Samuel Robinson, the Marquess of Ripon, and later the Viceroy of India. He redeveloped areas of Studley Hall, as well as renovating the gardens near the house. He also constructed the Pheasantry at the edge of the estate, as well as building a golf course, whose first professional was Harry Vardon. He also built St Mary's church in the park. During his ownership of the estate, three structures were added: Studley tea room, an oval island in the lake, and the High Seat in the west of the gardens. During this period, more exotic trees were introduced as part of the planting scheme – for example a Wellingtonia gigantea was planted by the Prince of Wales in 1863. In 1886 a pageant was held on the estate, celebrating Ripon's millennium; a similar event was repeated in 1896 for the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria.
George Frederick Samuel Robinson, the Marquess of Ripon died in 1909 and his son Frederick Oliver inherited the estate. On the death of Frederick Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon in 1923, the estate was acquired by his cousin Clare George Vyner. Visitor income became more significant for the Vyner family, than it had been for the Robinsons, yet the family had a strong sense of social responsibility and in the 1930s established the Fountains Abbey Settlers Society, which provided work and skills to unemployed families. This also included a work scheme that dredged the river. In addition to the scheme on the estate, Vyner also funded the construction of a model village in Swarland, Northumberland. The Settlers Society ended at the outbreak of the Second World War, but its accommodation was repurposed to house German and Polish refugees. During the war much of the estate's land was cultivated for the first time in 600 years, as part of the 'Dig For Victory' campaign. Studley Hall after doing war service as the home of Queen Ethelburga's School, was destroyed by fire in April 1946. After the war, the upkeep of the estate became too expensive for the Vyner family, who sold it to Broadlands Properties for £1,250,000. They subsequently also sold Fountains Hall to West Riding County Council in 1969.
In 1966 much of the estate was purchased by West Riding County Council from Broadlands Properties, and the property was reopened to the public in 1967. However resource pressures meant that the local authority was keen to find another owner for the estate. There had been previous appeals to the National Trust to undertake running the site, including in 1923. In 1983 the property was acquired by the National Trust.
English Heritage is responsible for conservation of the abbey under a guardianship agreement, but managed on a day to day basis by the National Trust. St Mary’s Church is owned by the State and managed by the National Trust under a local management agreement. In 1986 the entire estate was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It gained recognition as it fulfils the criteria of “being a masterpiece of human creative genius, and an outstanding example of a type of building or architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates significant stages in human history”. The initial proposal for World Heritage Status only extended to Fountains Abbey and St Mary's Church; it was on the recommendation of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) that the listing extended to include Studley Royal. In 1992, a new visitor centre and car parks were designed by Ted Cullinan to accommodate growing visitor numbers. Lying north-west of the Abbey above the valley floor, the new visitor centre incorporated a shop, large restaurant, lecture theatre and exhibition space (currently office space) arranged around an open courtyard.
In 2015 stage designer Gary McCann was commissioned to produce work in response to the buildings on the property; the resulting exhibition, entitled Folly!, installed works in spaces such as the Banqueting House. In 2016, Mat Collishaw created Seria Ludo and The Pineal Eye in the Temple of Piety. In 2018, Charles Holland, Lucy Orta and Flea Folly Architects created artworks to reimagine lost follies in the landscape. In 2021, Steve Messam created three artworks in an exhibition entitled These Passing Things and in 2022 Joe Cornish created a photographic exhibition Still Time to Wonder in various buildings on the property.
Studley Royal, under National Trust ownership, is the preserved core of a once much more substantial Aislabie project, which incorporated the surrounding agrarian landscape that they owned, long distance views to Ripon and beyond, and rides extending to other designed landscapes including Laver Banks and Hackfall (seven miles from Studley), 177–184 The gardens and park reflect every stage in the evolution of English garden fashion, from the late seventeenth-century to the 1780s and beyond. Most unusually both John and William embraced new garden fashions by extending their designed landscape rather than replacing and remaking outmoded parts. As a result, the cumulative whole is a catalogue of significant landscaping styles. This includes John Aislabie's ground-breaking appreciation of natural topographical landforms, for him it was not necessary to level ground and create a garden, the garden could be made to accommodate and display the underlying landscape.
The park incorporates Fountains Abbey, Fountains Hall, and a number of other notable historic features.
The water garden at Studley Royal created by John Aislabie in 1718 is one of the best surviving examples of a Georgian water garden in England. It was expanded by his son, William who purchased the adjacent Fountains Estate. The garden's elegant ornamental lakes, canals, temples and cascades provide a succession of dramatic eye-catching vistas. It is also studded with a number of follies including a neo-Gothic tower and a palladian-style banqueting house.
St Mary's Church was built by the architect William Burges and commissioned by the family of the First Marquess of Ripon. It has been suggested that the construction of this place of worship was prompted by the death of Frederick Grantham Vyner, who was kidnapped and killed in Greece in 1870.
Burges' appointment as architect was most likely due to the connection between his greatest patron, John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute and Vyner, who had been friends at Oxford. St Mary's, on Lady Ripon's estate at Studley Royal, was commissioned in 1870 and work began in 1871. The church was consecrated in 1878. As at Skelton, Burges' design demonstrates a move from his favoured Early-French, to an English style. Pevsner writes of "a Victorian shrine, a dream of Early English glory." The interior is spectacular, exceeding Skelton in richness and majesty. The stained glass is of particularly high quality. St Mary's is Burges' "ecclesiastical masterpiece."
Both marquesses and their wives are buried there.
How Hill Tower
Prior to 1346, a chapel dedicated to St Michael the Archangel was built on How Hill. This became a minor medieval pilgrimage site. Visitors to the site could see both York Minster and Ripon Cathedral from its summit. The flooring was made of mosaic tiles, similar to those attributed to a painted pavement dating to between 1236 and 1247. The chapel was repaired by Marmaduke Huby between 1494 and 1526. Post-reformation the chapel continued to be used between 1551–54 for the churching of women, until falling into ruin.
A tower was constructed next to the ruins, and re-using some of their masonry by, John Aislabie. Likely designed by Sir John Vanburgh, the view from the tower extended across the Studley estates, and York could even be seen twenty-six miles away.
In 1810 an estate survey recorded a farmhouse on the site, but by 1822 the description had changed to 'How Hill House & Tower'. Presumably the site had lost its significance as a garden building in a designed landscape and was commissioned to a more functional use. Whilst its role as a home stopped in the 1930s, there was another use-change: during the Second World War the Home Guard used it as an observation post.
Deer park
The deer park, where the church stands, is home to deer, and a wealth of other flora and fauna. At Studley there are three types of deer: Red Deer, Fallow Deer and Sika Deer. John Clerk, visiting in 1738, described how the buck deer moved in a group, so that they "resemble a moving forrest [sic]".
Buildings and structures
Studley Royal House (or Hall) stood in the north-west corner of the park. Originally a medieval manor house, there is a record from the 1220s of an extensive garden created by Cassandra de Aleman. It consisted of a main block with forward projecting wings, it burned down in 1716 and was rebuilt by John Aislabie. He filled in the centre, to which his son William added a portico in 1762 to complete its Palladian appearance.
It was altered and developed by the First Marquess of Ripon, who created a new entrance hall, a royal suite, and the reorganisation of the domestic service areas. He also added a Catholic chapel at the western side of the house in 1878.
The house burnt down in 1946, and its remains were demolished by the Vyner family, who could not afford repairs to it. Instead the splendid Georgian stable block, built for John Aislabie’s racehorses between 1728 and 1732, was converted into an elegant Palladian country house set in 2½ acres of private formal gardens on high ground overlooking the deer park towards Ripon Cathedral in the distance.
Built of stone under a slate roof with distinctive pavilion towers in each of the four corners, the pristine, 11,708sq ft house surrounds a central square courtyard overlooked by all the main rooms and dominated by the working clock tower.
Studley Magna
The deserted medieval village of Studley Magna mainly lies within the boundaries of the park. Excavation demonstrated that the village was aligned with the important road to Aldfield. The earliest ceramics from the site date to c.1180–1220, whilst the latest finds date from c.1300. The site included a large two-storey miller's house with a stone fireplace that was rare for the period. The house was sold in 1362 by Widow Horner to Richard Tempest.
The Banqueting House
Documentary evidence suggests that the Banqueting House was being completed in 1731, and is described in the estate accounts as 'the new building'. The structure had several phases of alteration after construction, and other documents refer to it as 'the Greenhouse'. In front of the façade a deep coffin-shaped lawn was introduced, who sightlines connected the building and the Rotondo. Above the Banqueting House, amongst the trees, is an oval platform, which is likely to be the Dial Lawn, which is described in accounts in 1730s.
The Temple of Piety
The building was constructed based on a sketch by Palladio owned by Lord Burlington, and was initially known as the Temple of Hercules. Documentary evidence shows that it was constructed and named by April 1736.
Mackershaw Lodges
These buildings were constructed after 1731, with the change in terms of the loan (to acquisition) of the Mackershaw area. They compromise two small lodges with classical pediments either side of a central arch, constructed from rough, undressed stone, with Venetian windows.
Lost buildings
Wattle Hall
One of the buildings most frequently attested in the early eighteenth-century is the Wattle Hall. Surviving records suggest that it was made of bent branches rather than brick or stone, and it was repaired in 1732.
Rotondo
Close to Kendall's Walk and in the north-east corner of Coffin Lawn, evidence for the Rotondo first appears in a painting dating to 1734–41. It was demolished in the 1770s. A close comparison to this would have been the Temple of Venus in Stowe Gardens.
Pyramid
William's first building work for the gardens was ordering the construction of a funerary pyramid, modelled on the one at Stowe Gardens. Whilst designs for this building exist, its location is unknown. It is possible that the stone was cut, but it was never constructed.
Chinese house
The Chinese house was constructed in 1745 and a 1751 visitor described it as having blue columns, gilded decoration, a white ceiling, a variety of Chinese ornaments and stuccowork by Giuseppe Cortese. It also had a balustrade seat running inside the columns. There is a surviving sketch of the building, but only the plinth for its survives. It was located beyond the southern limit of National Trust estate. The area around the house was known as the Chinese Wood, to which two chinoiserie-style bridges provided access.
2013. Maupin Road. Fir Island. Snow Geese by the thousands start arriving from the Arctic in early October. Typically 70,000 to 90,000 winter in North Puget Sound until late March or April
Fraser-Skagit Population Dynamic. "Snow geese that over-winter in northwest Washington comprise a unique population of intercontinental travelers shared by three countries: the United States, Canada and Russia. These snow geese make an arduous, annual flight to Russia’s Chuckchi Sea, to breed on Wrangel Island off the north coast of Siberia. They are called the Fraser-Skagit population, because the same identification collaring/banding studies that disclosed details of their migration timing and itinerary, found that snow geese of this group had a high fidelity to one nesting site on Wrangel Island and to one wintering area, here. They stay apart from the other snow geese aggregations that nest separately on Wrangel and winter in California." ~ wdfw.wa.gov
The beginning of another day with a ride past Palazzo Barbarigo.
Constructed in the second half of the 16th century, derived from the aggregation of two buildings, the façade preserves the fresco decorations by Camillo Bellini, executed at the end of the 16th century. It is one of the rare surviving examples of a Venetian house façade that still preserves some external pictorial decorations.
In Venice, as well as in other cities, it was a common practice to fresco the facades of stately homes. At the beginning of the 16th century the city showed a rather colorful appearance, while today the palaces that conserve at least the remains of the wall paintings are reduced to only a few units; this is also the result of a prolonged negligence until exhaustion, which has left forever disappear even what could in some way be preserved. Little do we know of the frescoed Gothic palaces, de Barbari shows only two of them (the Giustinian-Persico and the Pisani-Moretta) but they certainly had to be much more numerous.
(Notes from VeniceWiki )
The Madonna della Misericordia can only be seen from the Grand Canal or the other side of it.
Aggregation of HIAPP between 5-36 microseconds.
References:
α-Helical structures drive early stages of self-assembly of amyloidogenic amyloid polypeptide aggregate formation in membranes, M. Pannuzzo, A. Raudino, D. Milardi, C. La Rosa, and Mikko Karttunen, Scientific Reports, 3, 2781 (2013).
These are Dictyostelium cells tagged with GFP to see actin fibers in these cells. These cells start to aggregate together when they are starved for several hours and form mounds or aggregates of several single cells
Cicadas are insects belonging to the family Cicadidae in the order Hemiptera. Cicadas are recognizable by their large size (body length of usually about 1 inch in length or longer) and clear wings held rooflike over the abdomen. Most cicadas are strong fliers that spend their time high in the trees, so they are rarely seen or captured. Their life cycles are long, usually involving multiple years spent underground as juveniles, followed by a brief (roughly 2 - 6 weeks) adult life above ground.
Common habitats for Tibicen canicularis are mixed and deciduous woods in Canada and the eastern United States. Geographic range includes the northern United States and southern Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains.
When mature Tibicen canicularis is recognizable by being mostly black with brown or green markings on its body. The body size is typically 1 - 1.3 inches (27-33 mm) long and the wingspan can reach 3.22 inches (82 mm). The wings are interlaced with green veins which are especially noticeable near the base. While nymphs of the species commonly feed on pine juice and the roots of pine and oak, the adults are not known to eat at all.
As adults, males produce a loud species-specific mate-attracting song using specialized sound-producing organs called tymbals. These sounds are among the loudest produced by any insects. In some species, the male calling song attracts both males and females to mating aggregations, while in other species males remain dispersed. Female cicadas do not have tymbals, but in some species the females produce clicking or snapping sounds with their wings.
Their song is often described as being a loud, high-pitched whine much like a power saw. It fades within 10 - 20 seconds, and starts again after a few seconds of silence. From my observation Tibicen canicularis tends to be the most vocal mid to late morning and then again late afternoon. It's common not to hear them during mid-day. At the peak of the season in late summer they can almost be deafening. To hear the sound of these cicadas, which was taped here in Indiana, please click on the below link...
www.cogsci.indiana.edu/farg/harry/bio/zoo/dogday.htm
After mating, females lay eggs in bark or twigs; the eggs hatch later in the season and the new nymphs burrow underground and begin feeding on roots. Tibicen canicularis spends most of it's life cycle underground as nymphs feeding on root juice. Typically 2 - 3 years. When it comes time to emerge and molt into an adult it uses its strong front legs for digging to the surface. Unlike periodical cicadas, whose swarms occur at 13 or 17 year intervals, Tibicen species can be seen every year, hence their other nickname "Annual Cicadas".
ISO1600, aperture f/10, exposure .006 seconds (1/200) focal length 300mm
The Mount Elliott Mining Complex is an aggregation of the remnants of copper mining and smelting operations from the early 20th century and the associated former mining township of Selwyn. The earliest copper mining at Mount Elliott was in 1906 with smelting operations commencing shortly after. Significant upgrades to the mining and smelting operations occurred under the management of W.R. Corbould during 1909 - 1910. Following these upgrades and increases in production, the Selwyn Township grew quickly and had 1500 residents by 1918. The Mount Elliott Company took over other companies on the Cloncurry field in the 1920s, including the Mount Cuthbert and Kuridala smelters. Mount Elliott operations were taken over by Mount Isa Mines in 1943 to ensure the supply of copper during World War Two. The Mount Elliott Company was eventually liquidated in 1953.
The Mount Elliott Smelter:
The existence of copper in the Leichhardt River area of north western Queensland had been known since Ernest Henry discovered the Great Australia Mine in 1867 at Cloncurry. In 1899 James Elliott discovered copper on the conical hill that became Mount Elliott, but having no capital to develop the mine, he sold an interest to James Morphett, a pastoralist of Fort Constantine station near Cloncurry. Morphett, being drought stricken, in turn sold out to John Moffat of Irvinebank, the most successful mining promoter in Queensland at the time.
Plentiful capital and cheap transport were prerequisites for developing the Cloncurry field, which had stagnated for forty years. Without capital it was impossible to explore and prove ore-bodies; without proof of large reserves of wealth it was futile to build a railway; and without a railway it was hazardous to invest capital in finding large reserves of ore. The mining investor or the railway builder had to break the impasse.
In 1906 - 1907 copper averaged £87 a ton on the London market, the highest price for thirty years, and the Cloncurry field grew. The railway was extended west of Richmond in 1905 - 1906 by the Government and mines were floated on the Melbourne Stock Exchange. At Mount Elliott a prospecting shaft had been sunk and on the 1st of August 1906 a Cornish boiler and winding plant were installed on the site.
Mount Elliott Limited was floated in Melbourne on the 13th of July 1906. In 1907 it was taken over by British and French interests and restructured. Combining with its competitor, Hampden Cloncurry Copper Mines Limited, Mount Elliott formed a special company to finance and construct the railway from Cloncurry to Malbon, Kuridala (then Friezeland) and Mount Elliott (later Selwyn). This new company then entered into an agreement with the Queensland Railways Department in July 1908.
The railway, which was known as the 'Syndicate Railway', aroused opposition in 1908 from the trade unions and Labor movement generally, who contended that railways should be State-owned. However, the Hampden-Mount Elliott Railway Bill was passed by the Queensland Parliament and assented to on the 21st of April 1908; construction finished in December 1910. The railway terminated at the Mount Elliott smelter.
By 1907 the main underlie shaft had been sunk and construction of the smelters was underway using a second-hand water-jacket blast furnace and converters. At this time, W.H. Corbould was appointed general manager of Mount Elliott Limited.
The second-hand blast furnace and converters were commissioned or 'blown in' in May 1909, but were problematic causing hold-ups. Corbould referred to the equipment in use as being the 'worst collection of worn-out junk he had ever come across'. Corbould soon convinced his directors to scrap the plant and let him design new works.
Corbould was a metallurgist and geologist as well as mine/smelter manager. He foresaw a need to obtain control and thereby ensure a reliable supply of ore from a cross-section of mines in the region. He also saw a need to implement an effective strategy to manage the economies of smelting low-grade ore. Smelting operations in the region were made difficult by the technical and economic problems posed by the deterioration in the grade of ore. Corbould resolved the issue by a process of blending ores with different chemical properties, increasing the throughput capacity of the smelter and by championing the unification of smelting operations in the region. In 1912, Corbould acquired Hampden Consols Mine at Kuridala for Mount Elliott Limited, followed with the purchases of other small mines in the district.
Walkers Limited of Maryborough was commissioned to manufacture a new 200 ton water jacket furnace for the smelters. An air compressor and blower for the smelters were constructed in the powerhouse and an electric motor and dynamo provided power for the crane and lighting for the smelter and mine.
The new smelter was blown in September 1910, a month after the first train arrived, and it ran well, producing 2040 tons of blister copper by the end of the year. The new smelting plant made it possible to cope with low-grade sulphide ores at Mount Elliott. The use of 1000 tons of low-grade sulphide ores bought from the Hampden Consols Mine in 1911 made it clear that if a supply of higher sulphur ore could be obtained and blended, performance, and economy would improve. Accordingly, the company bought a number of smaller mines in the district in 1912.
Corbould mined with cut and fill stoping but a young Mines Inspector condemned the system, ordered it dismantled and replaced with square set timbering. In 1911, after gradual movement in stopes on the No. 3 level, the smelter was closed for two months. Nevertheless, 5447 tons of blister copper was produced in 1911, rising to 6690 tons in 1912 - the company's best year. Many of the surviving structures at the site were built at this time.
Troubles for Mount Elliott started in 1913. In February, a fire at the Consols Mine closed it for months. In June, a thirteen week strike closed the whole operation, severely depleting the workforce. The year 1913 was also bad for industrial accidents in the area, possibly due to inexperienced people replacing the strikers. Nevertheless, the company paid generous dividends that year.
At the end of 1914 smelting ceased for more than a year due to shortage of ore. Although 3200 tons of blister copper was produced in 1913, production fell to 1840 tons in 1914 and the workforce dwindled to only 40 men. For the second half of 1915 and early 1916 the smelter treated ore railed south from Mount Cuthbert. At the end of July 1916 the smelting plant at Selwyn was dismantled except for the flue chambers and stacks. A new furnace with a capacity of 500 tons per day was built, a large amount of second-hand equipment was obtained and the converters were increased in size.
After the enlarged furnace was commissioned in June 1917, continuing industrial unrest retarded production which amounted to only 1000 tons of copper that year. The point of contention was the efficiency of the new smelter which processed twice as much ore while employing fewer men. The company decided to close down the smelter in October and reduce the size of the furnace, the largest in Australia, from 6.5m to 5.5m. In the meantime the price of copper had almost doubled from 1916 due to wartime consumption of munitions.
The new furnace commenced on the 16th of January 1918 and 77,482 tons of ore were smelted yielding 3580 tons of blister copper which were sent to the Bowen refinery before export to Britain. Local coal and coke supply was a problem and materials were being sourced from the distant Bowen Colliery. The smelter had a good run for almost a year except for a strike in July and another in December, which caused Corbould to close down the plant until New Year. In 1919, following relaxation of wartime controls by the British Metal Corporation, the copper price plunged from about £110 per ton at the start of the year to £75 per ton in April, dashing the company's optimism regarding treatment of low grade ores. The smelter finally closed after two months operation and most employees were laid off.
For much of the period 1919 to 1922, Corbould was in England trying to raise capital to reorganise the company's operations but he failed and resigned from the company in 1922. The Mount Elliott Company took over the assets of the other companies on the Cloncurry field in the 1920s - Mount Cuthbert in 1925 and Kuridala in 1926. Mount Isa Mines bought the Mount Elliott plant and machinery, including the three smelters, in 1943 for £2,300, enabling them to start copper production in the middle of the Second World War. The Mount Elliott Company was finally liquidated in 1953.
In 1950 A.E. Powell took up the Mount Elliott Reward Claim at Selwyn and worked close to the old smelter buildings. An open cut mine commenced at Starra, south of Mount Elliott and Selwyn, in 1988 and is Australia's third largest copper producer producing copper-gold concentrates from flotation and gold bullion from carbon-in-leach processing.
Profitable copper-gold ore bodies were recently proved at depth beneath the Mount Elliott smelter and old underground workings by Cyprus Gold Australia Pty Ltd. These deposits were subsequently acquired by Arimco Mining Pty Ltd for underground development which commenced in July 1993. A decline tunnel portal, ore and overburden dumps now occupy a large area of the Maggie Creek valley south-west of the smelter which was formerly the site of early miner's camps.
The Old Selwyn Township:
In 1907, the first hotel, run by H. Williams, was opened at the site. The township was surveyed later, around 1910, by the Mines Department. The town was to be situated north of the mine and smelter operations adjacent the railway, about 1.5km distant. It took its name from the nearby Selwyn Ranges which were named, during Burke's expedition, after the Victorian Government Geologist, A.R. Selwyn. The town has also been known by the name of Mount Elliott, after the nearby mines and smelter.
Many of the residents either worked at the Mount Elliott Mine and Smelter or worked in the service industries which grew around the mining and smelting operations. Little documentation exists about the everyday life of the town's residents. Surrounding sheep and cattle stations, however, meant that meat was available cheaply and vegetables grown in the area were delivered to the township by horse and cart. Imported commodities were, however, expensive.
By 1910 the town had four hotels. There was also an aerated water manufacturer, three stores, four fruiterers, a butcher, baker, saddler, garage, police, hospital, banks, post office (officially from 1906 to 1928, then unofficially until 1975) and a railway station. There was even an orchestra of ten players in 1912. The population of Selwyn rose from 1000 in 1911 to 1500 in 1918, before gradually declining.
Source: Queensland Heritage Register.
manganese and iron oxides have formed aggregative crystal structures within the agate
the process can be modeled by Diffusion Limited Aggregation
The Mount Elliott Mining Complex is an aggregation of the remnants of copper mining and smelting operations from the early 20th century and the associated former mining township of Selwyn. The earliest copper mining at Mount Elliott was in 1906 with smelting operations commencing shortly after. Significant upgrades to the mining and smelting operations occurred under the management of W.R. Corbould during 1909 - 1910. Following these upgrades and increases in production, the Selwyn Township grew quickly and had 1500 residents by 1918. The Mount Elliott Company took over other companies on the Cloncurry field in the 1920s, including the Mount Cuthbert and Kuridala smelters. Mount Elliott operations were taken over by Mount Isa Mines in 1943 to ensure the supply of copper during World War Two. The Mount Elliott Company was eventually liquidated in 1953.
The Mount Elliott Smelter:
The existence of copper in the Leichhardt River area of north western Queensland had been known since Ernest Henry discovered the Great Australia Mine in 1867 at Cloncurry. In 1899 James Elliott discovered copper on the conical hill that became Mount Elliott, but having no capital to develop the mine, he sold an interest to James Morphett, a pastoralist of Fort Constantine station near Cloncurry. Morphett, being drought stricken, in turn sold out to John Moffat of Irvinebank, the most successful mining promoter in Queensland at the time.
Plentiful capital and cheap transport were prerequisites for developing the Cloncurry field, which had stagnated for forty years. Without capital it was impossible to explore and prove ore-bodies; without proof of large reserves of wealth it was futile to build a railway; and without a railway it was hazardous to invest capital in finding large reserves of ore. The mining investor or the railway builder had to break the impasse.
In 1906 - 1907 copper averaged £87 a ton on the London market, the highest price for thirty years, and the Cloncurry field grew. The railway was extended west of Richmond in 1905 - 1906 by the Government and mines were floated on the Melbourne Stock Exchange. At Mount Elliott a prospecting shaft had been sunk and on the 1st of August 1906 a Cornish boiler and winding plant were installed on the site.
Mount Elliott Limited was floated in Melbourne on the 13th of July 1906. In 1907 it was taken over by British and French interests and restructured. Combining with its competitor, Hampden Cloncurry Copper Mines Limited, Mount Elliott formed a special company to finance and construct the railway from Cloncurry to Malbon, Kuridala (then Friezeland) and Mount Elliott (later Selwyn). This new company then entered into an agreement with the Queensland Railways Department in July 1908.
The railway, which was known as the 'Syndicate Railway', aroused opposition in 1908 from the trade unions and Labor movement generally, who contended that railways should be State-owned. However, the Hampden-Mount Elliott Railway Bill was passed by the Queensland Parliament and assented to on the 21st of April 1908; construction finished in December 1910. The railway terminated at the Mount Elliott smelter.
By 1907 the main underlie shaft had been sunk and construction of the smelters was underway using a second-hand water-jacket blast furnace and converters. At this time, W.H. Corbould was appointed general manager of Mount Elliott Limited.
The second-hand blast furnace and converters were commissioned or 'blown in' in May 1909, but were problematic causing hold-ups. Corbould referred to the equipment in use as being the 'worst collection of worn-out junk he had ever come across'. Corbould soon convinced his directors to scrap the plant and let him design new works.
Corbould was a metallurgist and geologist as well as mine/smelter manager. He foresaw a need to obtain control and thereby ensure a reliable supply of ore from a cross-section of mines in the region. He also saw a need to implement an effective strategy to manage the economies of smelting low-grade ore. Smelting operations in the region were made difficult by the technical and economic problems posed by the deterioration in the grade of ore. Corbould resolved the issue by a process of blending ores with different chemical properties, increasing the throughput capacity of the smelter and by championing the unification of smelting operations in the region. In 1912, Corbould acquired Hampden Consols Mine at Kuridala for Mount Elliott Limited, followed with the purchases of other small mines in the district.
Walkers Limited of Maryborough was commissioned to manufacture a new 200 ton water jacket furnace for the smelters. An air compressor and blower for the smelters were constructed in the powerhouse and an electric motor and dynamo provided power for the crane and lighting for the smelter and mine.
The new smelter was blown in September 1910, a month after the first train arrived, and it ran well, producing 2040 tons of blister copper by the end of the year. The new smelting plant made it possible to cope with low-grade sulphide ores at Mount Elliott. The use of 1000 tons of low-grade sulphide ores bought from the Hampden Consols Mine in 1911 made it clear that if a supply of higher sulphur ore could be obtained and blended, performance, and economy would improve. Accordingly, the company bought a number of smaller mines in the district in 1912.
Corbould mined with cut and fill stoping but a young Mines Inspector condemned the system, ordered it dismantled and replaced with square set timbering. In 1911, after gradual movement in stopes on the No. 3 level, the smelter was closed for two months. Nevertheless, 5447 tons of blister copper was produced in 1911, rising to 6690 tons in 1912 - the company's best year. Many of the surviving structures at the site were built at this time.
Troubles for Mount Elliott started in 1913. In February, a fire at the Consols Mine closed it for months. In June, a thirteen week strike closed the whole operation, severely depleting the workforce. The year 1913 was also bad for industrial accidents in the area, possibly due to inexperienced people replacing the strikers. Nevertheless, the company paid generous dividends that year.
At the end of 1914 smelting ceased for more than a year due to shortage of ore. Although 3200 tons of blister copper was produced in 1913, production fell to 1840 tons in 1914 and the workforce dwindled to only 40 men. For the second half of 1915 and early 1916 the smelter treated ore railed south from Mount Cuthbert. At the end of July 1916 the smelting plant at Selwyn was dismantled except for the flue chambers and stacks. A new furnace with a capacity of 500 tons per day was built, a large amount of second-hand equipment was obtained and the converters were increased in size.
After the enlarged furnace was commissioned in June 1917, continuing industrial unrest retarded production which amounted to only 1000 tons of copper that year. The point of contention was the efficiency of the new smelter which processed twice as much ore while employing fewer men. The company decided to close down the smelter in October and reduce the size of the furnace, the largest in Australia, from 6.5m to 5.5m. In the meantime the price of copper had almost doubled from 1916 due to wartime consumption of munitions.
The new furnace commenced on the 16th of January 1918 and 77,482 tons of ore were smelted yielding 3580 tons of blister copper which were sent to the Bowen refinery before export to Britain. Local coal and coke supply was a problem and materials were being sourced from the distant Bowen Colliery. The smelter had a good run for almost a year except for a strike in July and another in December, which caused Corbould to close down the plant until New Year. In 1919, following relaxation of wartime controls by the British Metal Corporation, the copper price plunged from about £110 per ton at the start of the year to £75 per ton in April, dashing the company's optimism regarding treatment of low grade ores. The smelter finally closed after two months operation and most employees were laid off.
For much of the period 1919 to 1922, Corbould was in England trying to raise capital to reorganise the company's operations but he failed and resigned from the company in 1922. The Mount Elliott Company took over the assets of the other companies on the Cloncurry field in the 1920s - Mount Cuthbert in 1925 and Kuridala in 1926. Mount Isa Mines bought the Mount Elliott plant and machinery, including the three smelters, in 1943 for £2,300, enabling them to start copper production in the middle of the Second World War. The Mount Elliott Company was finally liquidated in 1953.
In 1950 A.E. Powell took up the Mount Elliott Reward Claim at Selwyn and worked close to the old smelter buildings. An open cut mine commenced at Starra, south of Mount Elliott and Selwyn, in 1988 and is Australia's third largest copper producer producing copper-gold concentrates from flotation and gold bullion from carbon-in-leach processing.
Profitable copper-gold ore bodies were recently proved at depth beneath the Mount Elliott smelter and old underground workings by Cyprus Gold Australia Pty Ltd. These deposits were subsequently acquired by Arimco Mining Pty Ltd for underground development which commenced in July 1993. A decline tunnel portal, ore and overburden dumps now occupy a large area of the Maggie Creek valley south-west of the smelter which was formerly the site of early miner's camps.
The Old Selwyn Township:
In 1907, the first hotel, run by H. Williams, was opened at the site. The township was surveyed later, around 1910, by the Mines Department. The town was to be situated north of the mine and smelter operations adjacent the railway, about 1.5km distant. It took its name from the nearby Selwyn Ranges which were named, during Burke's expedition, after the Victorian Government Geologist, A.R. Selwyn. The town has also been known by the name of Mount Elliott, after the nearby mines and smelter.
Many of the residents either worked at the Mount Elliott Mine and Smelter or worked in the service industries which grew around the mining and smelting operations. Little documentation exists about the everyday life of the town's residents. Surrounding sheep and cattle stations, however, meant that meat was available cheaply and vegetables grown in the area were delivered to the township by horse and cart. Imported commodities were, however, expensive.
By 1910 the town had four hotels. There was also an aerated water manufacturer, three stores, four fruiterers, a butcher, baker, saddler, garage, police, hospital, banks, post office (officially from 1906 to 1928, then unofficially until 1975) and a railway station. There was even an orchestra of ten players in 1912. The population of Selwyn rose from 1000 in 1911 to 1500 in 1918, before gradually declining.
Source: Queensland Heritage Register.
The Mount Elliott Mining Complex is an aggregation of the remnants of copper mining and smelting operations from the early 20th century and the associated former mining township of Selwyn. The earliest copper mining at Mount Elliott was in 1906 with smelting operations commencing shortly after. Significant upgrades to the mining and smelting operations occurred under the management of W.R. Corbould during 1909 - 1910. Following these upgrades and increases in production, the Selwyn Township grew quickly and had 1500 residents by 1918. The Mount Elliott Company took over other companies on the Cloncurry field in the 1920s, including the Mount Cuthbert and Kuridala smelters. Mount Elliott operations were taken over by Mount Isa Mines in 1943 to ensure the supply of copper during World War Two. The Mount Elliott Company was eventually liquidated in 1953.
The Mount Elliott Smelter:
The existence of copper in the Leichhardt River area of north western Queensland had been known since Ernest Henry discovered the Great Australia Mine in 1867 at Cloncurry. In 1899 James Elliott discovered copper on the conical hill that became Mount Elliott, but having no capital to develop the mine, he sold an interest to James Morphett, a pastoralist of Fort Constantine station near Cloncurry. Morphett, being drought stricken, in turn sold out to John Moffat of Irvinebank, the most successful mining promoter in Queensland at the time.
Plentiful capital and cheap transport were prerequisites for developing the Cloncurry field, which had stagnated for forty years. Without capital it was impossible to explore and prove ore-bodies; without proof of large reserves of wealth it was futile to build a railway; and without a railway it was hazardous to invest capital in finding large reserves of ore. The mining investor or the railway builder had to break the impasse.
In 1906 - 1907 copper averaged £87 a ton on the London market, the highest price for thirty years, and the Cloncurry field grew. The railway was extended west of Richmond in 1905 - 1906 by the Government and mines were floated on the Melbourne Stock Exchange. At Mount Elliott a prospecting shaft had been sunk and on the 1st of August 1906 a Cornish boiler and winding plant were installed on the site.
Mount Elliott Limited was floated in Melbourne on the 13th of July 1906. In 1907 it was taken over by British and French interests and restructured. Combining with its competitor, Hampden Cloncurry Copper Mines Limited, Mount Elliott formed a special company to finance and construct the railway from Cloncurry to Malbon, Kuridala (then Friezeland) and Mount Elliott (later Selwyn). This new company then entered into an agreement with the Queensland Railways Department in July 1908.
The railway, which was known as the 'Syndicate Railway', aroused opposition in 1908 from the trade unions and Labor movement generally, who contended that railways should be State-owned. However, the Hampden-Mount Elliott Railway Bill was passed by the Queensland Parliament and assented to on the 21st of April 1908; construction finished in December 1910. The railway terminated at the Mount Elliott smelter.
By 1907 the main underlie shaft had been sunk and construction of the smelters was underway using a second-hand water-jacket blast furnace and converters. At this time, W.H. Corbould was appointed general manager of Mount Elliott Limited.
The second-hand blast furnace and converters were commissioned or 'blown in' in May 1909, but were problematic causing hold-ups. Corbould referred to the equipment in use as being the 'worst collection of worn-out junk he had ever come across'. Corbould soon convinced his directors to scrap the plant and let him design new works.
Corbould was a metallurgist and geologist as well as mine/smelter manager. He foresaw a need to obtain control and thereby ensure a reliable supply of ore from a cross-section of mines in the region. He also saw a need to implement an effective strategy to manage the economies of smelting low-grade ore. Smelting operations in the region were made difficult by the technical and economic problems posed by the deterioration in the grade of ore. Corbould resolved the issue by a process of blending ores with different chemical properties, increasing the throughput capacity of the smelter and by championing the unification of smelting operations in the region. In 1912, Corbould acquired Hampden Consols Mine at Kuridala for Mount Elliott Limited, followed with the purchases of other small mines in the district.
Walkers Limited of Maryborough was commissioned to manufacture a new 200 ton water jacket furnace for the smelters. An air compressor and blower for the smelters were constructed in the powerhouse and an electric motor and dynamo provided power for the crane and lighting for the smelter and mine.
The new smelter was blown in September 1910, a month after the first train arrived, and it ran well, producing 2040 tons of blister copper by the end of the year. The new smelting plant made it possible to cope with low-grade sulphide ores at Mount Elliott. The use of 1000 tons of low-grade sulphide ores bought from the Hampden Consols Mine in 1911 made it clear that if a supply of higher sulphur ore could be obtained and blended, performance, and economy would improve. Accordingly, the company bought a number of smaller mines in the district in 1912.
Corbould mined with cut and fill stoping but a young Mines Inspector condemned the system, ordered it dismantled and replaced with square set timbering. In 1911, after gradual movement in stopes on the No. 3 level, the smelter was closed for two months. Nevertheless, 5447 tons of blister copper was produced in 1911, rising to 6690 tons in 1912 - the company's best year. Many of the surviving structures at the site were built at this time.
Troubles for Mount Elliott started in 1913. In February, a fire at the Consols Mine closed it for months. In June, a thirteen week strike closed the whole operation, severely depleting the workforce. The year 1913 was also bad for industrial accidents in the area, possibly due to inexperienced people replacing the strikers. Nevertheless, the company paid generous dividends that year.
At the end of 1914 smelting ceased for more than a year due to shortage of ore. Although 3200 tons of blister copper was produced in 1913, production fell to 1840 tons in 1914 and the workforce dwindled to only 40 men. For the second half of 1915 and early 1916 the smelter treated ore railed south from Mount Cuthbert. At the end of July 1916 the smelting plant at Selwyn was dismantled except for the flue chambers and stacks. A new furnace with a capacity of 500 tons per day was built, a large amount of second-hand equipment was obtained and the converters were increased in size.
After the enlarged furnace was commissioned in June 1917, continuing industrial unrest retarded production which amounted to only 1000 tons of copper that year. The point of contention was the efficiency of the new smelter which processed twice as much ore while employing fewer men. The company decided to close down the smelter in October and reduce the size of the furnace, the largest in Australia, from 6.5m to 5.5m. In the meantime the price of copper had almost doubled from 1916 due to wartime consumption of munitions.
The new furnace commenced on the 16th of January 1918 and 77,482 tons of ore were smelted yielding 3580 tons of blister copper which were sent to the Bowen refinery before export to Britain. Local coal and coke supply was a problem and materials were being sourced from the distant Bowen Colliery. The smelter had a good run for almost a year except for a strike in July and another in December, which caused Corbould to close down the plant until New Year. In 1919, following relaxation of wartime controls by the British Metal Corporation, the copper price plunged from about £110 per ton at the start of the year to £75 per ton in April, dashing the company's optimism regarding treatment of low grade ores. The smelter finally closed after two months operation and most employees were laid off.
For much of the period 1919 to 1922, Corbould was in England trying to raise capital to reorganise the company's operations but he failed and resigned from the company in 1922. The Mount Elliott Company took over the assets of the other companies on the Cloncurry field in the 1920s - Mount Cuthbert in 1925 and Kuridala in 1926. Mount Isa Mines bought the Mount Elliott plant and machinery, including the three smelters, in 1943 for £2,300, enabling them to start copper production in the middle of the Second World War. The Mount Elliott Company was finally liquidated in 1953.
In 1950 A.E. Powell took up the Mount Elliott Reward Claim at Selwyn and worked close to the old smelter buildings. An open cut mine commenced at Starra, south of Mount Elliott and Selwyn, in 1988 and is Australia's third largest copper producer producing copper-gold concentrates from flotation and gold bullion from carbon-in-leach processing.
Profitable copper-gold ore bodies were recently proved at depth beneath the Mount Elliott smelter and old underground workings by Cyprus Gold Australia Pty Ltd. These deposits were subsequently acquired by Arimco Mining Pty Ltd for underground development which commenced in July 1993. A decline tunnel portal, ore and overburden dumps now occupy a large area of the Maggie Creek valley south-west of the smelter which was formerly the site of early miner's camps.
The Old Selwyn Township:
In 1907, the first hotel, run by H. Williams, was opened at the site. The township was surveyed later, around 1910, by the Mines Department. The town was to be situated north of the mine and smelter operations adjacent the railway, about 1.5km distant. It took its name from the nearby Selwyn Ranges which were named, during Burke's expedition, after the Victorian Government Geologist, A.R. Selwyn. The town has also been known by the name of Mount Elliott, after the nearby mines and smelter.
Many of the residents either worked at the Mount Elliott Mine and Smelter or worked in the service industries which grew around the mining and smelting operations. Little documentation exists about the everyday life of the town's residents. Surrounding sheep and cattle stations, however, meant that meat was available cheaply and vegetables grown in the area were delivered to the township by horse and cart. Imported commodities were, however, expensive.
By 1910 the town had four hotels. There was also an aerated water manufacturer, three stores, four fruiterers, a butcher, baker, saddler, garage, police, hospital, banks, post office (officially from 1906 to 1928, then unofficially until 1975) and a railway station. There was even an orchestra of ten players in 1912. The population of Selwyn rose from 1000 in 1911 to 1500 in 1918, before gradually declining.
Source: Queensland Heritage Register.
2013. Rawlins Road. Fir Island. Snow Geese by the thousands start arriving from the Arctic in early October. Typically 70,000 to 90,000 winter in North Puget Sound until late March or April
Fraser-Skagit Population Dynamic. "Snow geese that over-winter in northwest Washington comprise a unique population of intercontinental travelers shared by three countries: the United States, Canada and Russia. These snow geese make an arduous, annual flight to Russia’s Chuckchi Sea, to breed on Wrangel Island off the north coast of Siberia. They are called the Fraser-Skagit population, because the same identification collaring/banding studies that disclosed details of their migration timing and itinerary, found that snow geese of this group had a high fidelity to one nesting site on Wrangel Island and to one wintering area, here. They stay apart from the other snow geese aggregations that nest separately on Wrangel and winter in California." wdfw.wa.gov
These are Dictyostelium cells tagged with GFP to see actin fibers in these cells. These cells start to aggregate together when they are starved for several hours and form mounds or aggregates of several single cells
Trend: users aggregate content in one place when "listening", while they access Social Netorks directly when "speaking"
Male Eris militaris bronze jumping spider on a leaf.
Single exposure, hand held, diffused flash.
Thanks to David Hill for the ID.
Notes: Adults sometimes overwinter in aggregations under
bark. Male TBL 4.7-6.7 mm.
The Mount Elliott Mining Complex is an aggregation of the remnants of copper mining and smelting operations from the early 20th century and the associated former mining township of Selwyn. The earliest copper mining at Mount Elliott was in 1906 with smelting operations commencing shortly after. Significant upgrades to the mining and smelting operations occurred under the management of W.R. Corbould during 1909 - 1910. Following these upgrades and increases in production, the Selwyn Township grew quickly and had 1500 residents by 1918. The Mount Elliott Company took over other companies on the Cloncurry field in the 1920s, including the Mount Cuthbert and Kuridala smelters. Mount Elliott operations were taken over by Mount Isa Mines in 1943 to ensure the supply of copper during World War Two. The Mount Elliott Company was eventually liquidated in 1953.
The Mount Elliott Smelter:
The existence of copper in the Leichhardt River area of north western Queensland had been known since Ernest Henry discovered the Great Australia Mine in 1867 at Cloncurry. In 1899 James Elliott discovered copper on the conical hill that became Mount Elliott, but having no capital to develop the mine, he sold an interest to James Morphett, a pastoralist of Fort Constantine station near Cloncurry. Morphett, being drought stricken, in turn sold out to John Moffat of Irvinebank, the most successful mining promoter in Queensland at the time.
Plentiful capital and cheap transport were prerequisites for developing the Cloncurry field, which had stagnated for forty years. Without capital it was impossible to explore and prove ore-bodies; without proof of large reserves of wealth it was futile to build a railway; and without a railway it was hazardous to invest capital in finding large reserves of ore. The mining investor or the railway builder had to break the impasse.
In 1906 - 1907 copper averaged £87 a ton on the London market, the highest price for thirty years, and the Cloncurry field grew. The railway was extended west of Richmond in 1905 - 1906 by the Government and mines were floated on the Melbourne Stock Exchange. At Mount Elliott a prospecting shaft had been sunk and on the 1st of August 1906 a Cornish boiler and winding plant were installed on the site.
Mount Elliott Limited was floated in Melbourne on the 13th of July 1906. In 1907 it was taken over by British and French interests and restructured. Combining with its competitor, Hampden Cloncurry Copper Mines Limited, Mount Elliott formed a special company to finance and construct the railway from Cloncurry to Malbon, Kuridala (then Friezeland) and Mount Elliott (later Selwyn). This new company then entered into an agreement with the Queensland Railways Department in July 1908.
The railway, which was known as the 'Syndicate Railway', aroused opposition in 1908 from the trade unions and Labor movement generally, who contended that railways should be State-owned. However, the Hampden-Mount Elliott Railway Bill was passed by the Queensland Parliament and assented to on the 21st of April 1908; construction finished in December 1910. The railway terminated at the Mount Elliott smelter.
By 1907 the main underlie shaft had been sunk and construction of the smelters was underway using a second-hand water-jacket blast furnace and converters. At this time, W.H. Corbould was appointed general manager of Mount Elliott Limited.
The second-hand blast furnace and converters were commissioned or 'blown in' in May 1909, but were problematic causing hold-ups. Corbould referred to the equipment in use as being the 'worst collection of worn-out junk he had ever come across'. Corbould soon convinced his directors to scrap the plant and let him design new works.
Corbould was a metallurgist and geologist as well as mine/smelter manager. He foresaw a need to obtain control and thereby ensure a reliable supply of ore from a cross-section of mines in the region. He also saw a need to implement an effective strategy to manage the economies of smelting low-grade ore. Smelting operations in the region were made difficult by the technical and economic problems posed by the deterioration in the grade of ore. Corbould resolved the issue by a process of blending ores with different chemical properties, increasing the throughput capacity of the smelter and by championing the unification of smelting operations in the region. In 1912, Corbould acquired Hampden Consols Mine at Kuridala for Mount Elliott Limited, followed with the purchases of other small mines in the district.
Walkers Limited of Maryborough was commissioned to manufacture a new 200 ton water jacket furnace for the smelters. An air compressor and blower for the smelters were constructed in the powerhouse and an electric motor and dynamo provided power for the crane and lighting for the smelter and mine.
The new smelter was blown in September 1910, a month after the first train arrived, and it ran well, producing 2040 tons of blister copper by the end of the year. The new smelting plant made it possible to cope with low-grade sulphide ores at Mount Elliott. The use of 1000 tons of low-grade sulphide ores bought from the Hampden Consols Mine in 1911 made it clear that if a supply of higher sulphur ore could be obtained and blended, performance, and economy would improve. Accordingly, the company bought a number of smaller mines in the district in 1912.
Corbould mined with cut and fill stoping but a young Mines Inspector condemned the system, ordered it dismantled and replaced with square set timbering. In 1911, after gradual movement in stopes on the No. 3 level, the smelter was closed for two months. Nevertheless, 5447 tons of blister copper was produced in 1911, rising to 6690 tons in 1912 - the company's best year. Many of the surviving structures at the site were built at this time.
Troubles for Mount Elliott started in 1913. In February, a fire at the Consols Mine closed it for months. In June, a thirteen week strike closed the whole operation, severely depleting the workforce. The year 1913 was also bad for industrial accidents in the area, possibly due to inexperienced people replacing the strikers. Nevertheless, the company paid generous dividends that year.
At the end of 1914 smelting ceased for more than a year due to shortage of ore. Although 3200 tons of blister copper was produced in 1913, production fell to 1840 tons in 1914 and the workforce dwindled to only 40 men. For the second half of 1915 and early 1916 the smelter treated ore railed south from Mount Cuthbert. At the end of July 1916 the smelting plant at Selwyn was dismantled except for the flue chambers and stacks. A new furnace with a capacity of 500 tons per day was built, a large amount of second-hand equipment was obtained and the converters were increased in size.
After the enlarged furnace was commissioned in June 1917, continuing industrial unrest retarded production which amounted to only 1000 tons of copper that year. The point of contention was the efficiency of the new smelter which processed twice as much ore while employing fewer men. The company decided to close down the smelter in October and reduce the size of the furnace, the largest in Australia, from 6.5m to 5.5m. In the meantime the price of copper had almost doubled from 1916 due to wartime consumption of munitions.
The new furnace commenced on the 16th of January 1918 and 77,482 tons of ore were smelted yielding 3580 tons of blister copper which were sent to the Bowen refinery before export to Britain. Local coal and coke supply was a problem and materials were being sourced from the distant Bowen Colliery. The smelter had a good run for almost a year except for a strike in July and another in December, which caused Corbould to close down the plant until New Year. In 1919, following relaxation of wartime controls by the British Metal Corporation, the copper price plunged from about £110 per ton at the start of the year to £75 per ton in April, dashing the company's optimism regarding treatment of low grade ores. The smelter finally closed after two months operation and most employees were laid off.
For much of the period 1919 to 1922, Corbould was in England trying to raise capital to reorganise the company's operations but he failed and resigned from the company in 1922. The Mount Elliott Company took over the assets of the other companies on the Cloncurry field in the 1920s - Mount Cuthbert in 1925 and Kuridala in 1926. Mount Isa Mines bought the Mount Elliott plant and machinery, including the three smelters, in 1943 for £2,300, enabling them to start copper production in the middle of the Second World War. The Mount Elliott Company was finally liquidated in 1953.
In 1950 A.E. Powell took up the Mount Elliott Reward Claim at Selwyn and worked close to the old smelter buildings. An open cut mine commenced at Starra, south of Mount Elliott and Selwyn, in 1988 and is Australia's third largest copper producer producing copper-gold concentrates from flotation and gold bullion from carbon-in-leach processing.
Profitable copper-gold ore bodies were recently proved at depth beneath the Mount Elliott smelter and old underground workings by Cyprus Gold Australia Pty Ltd. These deposits were subsequently acquired by Arimco Mining Pty Ltd for underground development which commenced in July 1993. A decline tunnel portal, ore and overburden dumps now occupy a large area of the Maggie Creek valley south-west of the smelter which was formerly the site of early miner's camps.
The Old Selwyn Township:
In 1907, the first hotel, run by H. Williams, was opened at the site. The township was surveyed later, around 1910, by the Mines Department. The town was to be situated north of the mine and smelter operations adjacent the railway, about 1.5km distant. It took its name from the nearby Selwyn Ranges which were named, during Burke's expedition, after the Victorian Government Geologist, A.R. Selwyn. The town has also been known by the name of Mount Elliott, after the nearby mines and smelter.
Many of the residents either worked at the Mount Elliott Mine and Smelter or worked in the service industries which grew around the mining and smelting operations. Little documentation exists about the everyday life of the town's residents. Surrounding sheep and cattle stations, however, meant that meat was available cheaply and vegetables grown in the area were delivered to the township by horse and cart. Imported commodities were, however, expensive.
By 1910 the town had four hotels. There was also an aerated water manufacturer, three stores, four fruiterers, a butcher, baker, saddler, garage, police, hospital, banks, post office (officially from 1906 to 1928, then unofficially until 1975) and a railway station. There was even an orchestra of ten players in 1912. The population of Selwyn rose from 1000 in 1911 to 1500 in 1918, before gradually declining.
Source: Queensland Heritage Register.
The red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) is an Asian lapwing or large plover, a wader in the family Charadriidae. Like other lapwings they are ground birds that are incapable of perching. Their characteristic loud alarm calls are indicators of human or animal movements and the sounds have been variously rendered as did he do it or pity to do it[ leading to the colloquial name of did-he-do-it bird. Usually seen in pairs or small groups and usually not far from water they sometimes form large aggregations in the non-breeding season (winter). They nest in a ground scrape laying three to four camouflaged eggs. Adults near the nest fly around, diving at potential predators while calling noisily. The cryptically patterned chicks hatch and immediately follow their parents to feed, hiding by lying low on the ground or in the grass when threatened.
Taxonomy:
Traditionally well-known to native hunters, the red-wattled lapwing was first described in a book by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux in 1781. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle produced uinder the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert used the binomial name Tringa indica in his catalogue of the Planche Enluminées. The type locality is Goa in western India. It was subsequently placed in various other genera such as Sarcogrammus and Lobivanellus before being merged into Vanellus which was erected by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. Vanellus is the Medieval Latin for a "lapwing". It is a diminutive of the Latin vanus meaning "winnowing" or "fan". The specific epithet indicus is the Latin for "India".
Across their wide range there are slight differences in the plumage and there are four recognized subspecies:
V. i. aigneri (Laubmann, 1913) – southeast Turkey to Pakistan
V. i. indicus (Boddaert, 1783) – central Pakistan to Nepal, northeast India and Bangladesh
V. i. lankae (Koelz, 1939) – Sri Lanka
V. i. atronuchalis (Jerdon, 1864) – northeast India to south China, southeast Asia, Malay Peninsula and north Sumatra.
Description:
Red-wattled lapwings are large waders, about 35 cm (14 in) long. The wings and back are light brown with a purple to green sheen, but the head, a bib on the front and back of the neck are black. Prominently white patch runs between these two colours, from belly and tail, flanking the neck to the sides of crown. Short tail is tipped black. A red fleshy wattle in front of each eye, black-tipped red bill, and the long legs are yellow. In flight, prominent white wing bars formed by the white on the secondary coverts..
Race aigneri is slightly paler and larger than the nominate race and is found in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan and the Indus valley. The nominate race is found all over India. The Sri Lankan race lankae is smaller and dark while atronuchalis the race in north-eastern India and eastern Bangladesh has a white cheek surrounded by black.
Males and females are similar in plumage but males have a 5% longer wing and tend to have a longer carpal spur. The length of the birds is 320-350mm, wing of 208-247mm with the nominate averaging 223mm, Sri Lanka 217mm. The Bill is 31-36mm and tarsus of 70-83mm. Tail length is 104-128mm.
It usually keeps in pairs or trios in well-watered open country, ploughed fields, grazing land, and margins and dry beds of tanks and puddles. They occasionally form large flocks, ranging from 26 to 200 birds. It is also found in forest clearings around rain-filled depressions. It runs about in short spurts and dips forward obliquely (with unflexed legs) to pick up food in a typical plover manner. They are said to feed at night being especially active around the full moon. Is uncannily and ceaselessly vigilant, day or night, and is the first to detect intrusions and raise an alarm, and was therefore considered a nuisance by hunters. Flight rather slow, with deliberate flaps, but capable of remarkable agility when defending nest or being hunted by a hawk.
Its striking appearance is supplemented by its noisy nature, with a loud and scolding did-he-do-it call, uttered both in the day and night.
Leucistic abnormal plumages have been noted.
The local names are mainly onomatopoeic in origin and include titeeri (Hindi), tittibha (Kannada), tateehar (Sindhi), titodi (Gujarati), hatatut (Kashmiri), balighora (Assamese), yennappa chitawa (Telugu), aal-kaati (Tamil, meaning "human indicator").
Distribution:
It breeds from West Asia (Iraq, SW Iran, Persian Gulf) eastwards across South Asia (Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the entire Indian subcontinent up to Kanyakumari and up to 1800m in Kashmir/Nepal), with another sub-species further east in Southeast Asia. May migrate altitudinally in spring and autumn (e.g. in N. Baluchistan or NW Pakistan), and spreads out widely in the monsoons[13] on creation of requisite habitats, but by and large the populations are resident.
This species is declining in its western range, but is abundant in much of South Asia, being seen at almost any wetland habitat in its range.
Behaviour and ecology:
The breeding season is mainly March to August. The courtship involves the male puffing its feathers and pointing its beak upwards. The male then shuffles around the female. Several males may display to females and they may be close together. The eggs are laid in a ground scrape or depression sometimes fringed with pebbles, goat or hare droppings.[19] About 3–4 black-blotched buff eggs shaped a bit like a peg-top (pyriform), 42x30 mm on average. Nests are difficult to find since the eggs are cryptically coloured and usually matches the ground pattern. In residential areas, they sometimes take to nesting on roof-tops. They have been recorded nesting on the stones between the rails of a railway track, the adult leaving the nest when trains passed. Nests that have been threatened by agricultural operations have been manually translocated by gradually shifting the eggs. When nesting they will attempt to dive bomb or distract potential predators. Both the male and female incubate the eggs and divert predators using distraction displays or flash their wings to deter any herbivores that threaten the nest. Males appear to relieve females incubating at the nest particularly towards the hot part of noon. The eggs hatch in 28 to 30 days. The reproductive success is about 40%. Egg mortality is high (~43%) due to predation by mongooses, crows and kites. Chicks had a lower mortality (8.3%) and their survival improved after the first week.
Like other lapwings, they soak their belly feathers to provide water to their chicks as well as to cool the eggs during hot weather.
The chick leaves the nest and follows the parents soon after hatching
They bathe in pools of water when available and will often spend time on preening when leaving the nest or after copulation. They sometimes rest on the ground with the tarsi laid flat on the ground and at other times may rest on one leg.
Healthy adult birds have few predators and are capable of rapid and agile flight when pursued by hawks or falcons.Some endoparasitic tapeworms and trematodes have been described from the species. Mortality caused by respiratory infection by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale has been recorded in captive birds in Pakistan.
Diet:
The diet of the lapwing includes a range of insects, snails and other invertebrates, mostly picked from the ground. They may also feed on some grains. They feed mainly during the day but they may also feed at night. They may sometimes make use of the legs to disturb insect prey from soft soil.
In culture:
In parts of India, a local belief is that the bird sleeps on its back with the legs upwards and an associated Hindi metaphor Tithiri se asman thama jayega ("can the lapwing support the heavens?") is used to refer to persons undertaking tasks beyond their ability or strength.
In parts of Rajasthan it is believed that the laying of eggs by the lapwing on high ground was an indication of good rains to come. The eggs are known to be collected by practitioners of folk medicine.
Harmonia conformis (F. Coccinellidae, common spotted ladybird) found under the ridge capping at the top of the bargeboards
The school shooting of Winnenden was heralded by an advertising internet troll 6½ hours before the killing spree began.
chronology of the infamous 3/11-chat:
#555168 = Tim Kretschmer, #848121 = Bernd_1, #830431 = Bernd_2.
Tim Kretschmer: 2009-03-11 02:45:35 555168 Nr. 485465
>> Crap, Bernd, I've had enough. I'm fed up with this dissolute life. It's always the same: Everybody is laughing at me, nobody is realizing my potential.
Bernd_1: 2009-03-11 02:47:20 848121 Nr. 485466
>> lol, you are kidding
Tim Kretschmer: 2009-03-11 02:5X:XX 555168 Nr. 485467
>> I mean it seriously, Bernd. I've got firearms here, and tomorrow morning I'll visit my previous school and I'll give a stylish grill party. Maybe I'll get away with it.
>> Be prepared to listen, Bernds, tomorrow you'll hear from me. Just remember the name of the scene: Winnenden. And for now no report to the police, don't be afraid, I'm just trolling
Bernd_2: 2009-03-11 02:57:19 830431 Nr. 485468
>> pics or never happened!
Tim Kretschmer: 2009-03-11 02:45:35 555168 Nr. 485465
>> Scheiße, Bernd, es reicht mir. Ich habe das Lotterleben satt. Es ist immer dasselbe: Alle lachen mich aus, niemand erkennt mein Potenzial.
Bernd_1: 2009-03-11 02:47:20 848121 Nr. 485466
>> lol, ja is klar
Tim Kretschmer: 2009-03-11 02:5X:XX 555168 Nr. 485467
>> Ich meine es ernst Bernd - ich habe Waffen hier, und ich werde morgen früh an meine frühere Schule gehen und mal so richtig gepflegt grillen. Vielleicht komme ich ja auch davon.
>> Haltet die Ohren offen Bernds, ihr werdet morgen von mir hören. Merkt Euch nur den Namen des Orts: Winnenden. Und jetzt keine Meldung an die Polizei, keine Angst, ich trolle nur
Bernd_2: 2009-03-11 02:57:19 830431 Nr. 485468
>> Bilder oder nie passiert!
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I. troll a mythical, cave-dwelling being depicted in folklore as either a giant or a dwarf, typically having a very ugly appearance.
ORIGIN: from Old Norse and Swedish troll, Danish trold, German Kobold: adopted into English from Scandinavian in the mid 19th cent.
II. troll 1.) the action of trolling for fish 2.) a posting provoking a response in the reader by containing errors. [_NODE_1984_]
internet-troll: There are two main types:
-- 1. "psycho trolls" believe to be someone that they are not.
-- 2. "bona fide trolls" pretend to be someone that they are not.
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Die Ankündigung der Rachemaßnahme war laut Aussage des Vaters von Tim Kretschmer auf der Festplatte seines Sohnes gespeichert:
1. Das Screenshot lässt erkennen, dass der Beitrag nicht, wie von den Medien behauptet, in einem Chat oder Blog geschrieben wurde, sondern in einem Imageboard - und die zeichnen sich primär durch einen ziemlich krassen Humor aus. Das "kreative Nachbearbeiten" von Fotos, Screenshots und dergleichen gehört dort zum Tagesprogramm.
2. "Bernd" ist die deutsche Entsprechung von "Anonymous" - siehe oben.
3. "grillen gehen" ist in deutschsprachigen Imageboards ein Synonym für Suizid, allerdings nicht wirklich im ernsthaften Kontext, siehe oben.
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_____krautchan versucht zu verschleiern_____
12.3.2009 21:35: Amok-Ankündigung von Tim K. wird offiziell angezweifelt (nal/imo/tsp/dpa)
Der Online-Service Krautchan.net hatte am Nachmittag auf seiner Seite behauptet, dass der von der Polizei veröffentlichte Eintrag gefälscht.
Ein Experte zur Quellenprüfung im Internet, der Berliner Journalist Albrecht Ude sagte, dass eine abschließende Beurteilung nicht mehr möglich sei, da alle Seiten gelöscht worden seien. "Die Firma, wo das Forum registriert ist, ist aber schon einmal durch eine Fälschung aufgefallen." Allerdings sei es seltsam, dass die Inhalte allesamt verschwunden seien. "Wenn man behauptet, dass das ganze eine Fälschung ist, mutet es seltsam an, wenn alle Beweise, die dies belegen, gelöscht worden sind." (nal/imo/tsp/dpa)
13.03.2009, 01:01: Amokdrohung eine Fälschung? (tagesschau.de)
Die Polizei Waiblingen und die Staatsanwaltschaft Stuttgart teilten mit, es gebe zwei Zeugen, die unabhängig voneinander behauptet hätten, den Chat-Eintrag gesehen zu haben.
..... Die Betreiber der Seite erklärten nach Bekanntwerden des angeblichen Eintrags, dass der Eintrag eine Fälschung sei: "Hier wurde kein Amoklauf angekündigt, es gibt hier nur Leute, die mit Photoshop umgehen können." Die Überprüfung der Behauptung, dass ein Bild manipuliert worden sei, wurde dadurch erschwert, dass die "krautchan.net"-Betreiber die komplette Seite bis auf eine Eingangserklärung abschalteten.
... Die Sprecherin der Staatsanwaltschaft Stuttgart, Claudia Krauth, sagte, ihr sei zunächst von den zuständigen Experten die Existenz des Internet-Chats zugetragen worden ... "Jetzt müssen wir prüfen, ob das tatsächlich falsch ist, wie das geschehen konnte und wer das war", sagte Krauth. Bezüglich des Amokläufers stünden die Ermittlungen nun aber wieder ganz am Anfang. "Wir hatten ja heute in eine Richtung vermutet, was das Motiv angeht."
15.03.2009, 12:06: www.ksta.de/html/artikel/1236866641919.shtml (Kölner Stadtanzeiger)
Der baden-württembergische Innenminister Heribert Rech hatte auf der Pressekonferenz am 11.März 2009 die Ankündigung des Massakers dem späteren Amokläufer zugeordnet.
- Am nächsten Tag jedoch verlautbarten die deutschen Medien plötzlich, daß erst nach Sichtung eines noch nicht aufgefundenen Laptop der Familie Kretschmer und den Informationen des in den USA sitzenden Chatroom-Betreibers der Sachverhalt endgültig aufzuklären wäre.
15.03.2009, 22:02: www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/stz/page/1973351_0_9848_krautc... (Stuttgarter Zeitung)
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Latest version of the licenses for german jurisdiction: Attribution 3.0, Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0, Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0, Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0, Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0,
Attribution-Share Alike 3.0.
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___politisches aftermath___
22.03.2009, 14:00: Angehörige der Opfer fordern Aufklärung der Tat (AP)
Die Angehörigen fordern Polizei und Politik zu einer Aufarbeitung des Amoklaufs auf: «Wir wollen, dass die Tat aufgeklärt und aufgearbeitet wird.»
«Wir wollen wissen, an welchen Stellen unsere ethisch-moralischen und gesetzlichen Sicherungen versagt haben.» Dazu gehörten auch das Aufzeigen der persönlichen Verantwortung und die daraus folgenden - auch juristischen - Konsequenzen.
«Wir wollen, dass sich etwas ändert in dieser Gesellschaft, und wir wollen mithelfen, damit es kein zweites Winnenden mehr geben kann.»
22.03.2009, 16:00: Kann Politik Amokläufe verhindern helfen? (AFP)
Uwe Schünemann (CDU) sagte der "Super Illu", Killerspiele hätten in Kinderzimmern "nichts verloren". Ein Verbot von gewaltexzessiven Computerspielen sei kein Populismus oder hilfloser Aktionismus. "Im Gegenteil: Wer die wachsende Kinder- und Jugendgewalt ernsthaft eindämmen will, kommt an diesem Thema nicht vorbei."
«Ich sehe nichts, was die Politik nach der Katastrophe von Winnenden ändern könnte. Ich kann nur davor warnen, den Eindruck zu erwecken, dass man einen solchen Amoklauf auf irgendeine Weise verhindern könnte.»
«Die ganzen Vorschläge, die jetzt gemacht werden, halte ich für populistisch und vordergründig. Sie entspringen der Hilflosigkeit und dem Drang, wahrgenommen zu werden», sagte Beck dem «Hamburger Abendblatt». (Kurt Beck, SPD)
22.03.2009, 16:00 Köhler prangert Konsum gewaltverherrlichender Computerspiele an (AFP)
Köhler fragte bei der Trauerfeier für die Opfer des Amoklaufs vor eineinhalb Wochen: «Sagt uns nicht der gesunde Menschenverstand, dass ein Dauerkonsum solcher Produkte schadet?» Dieser Art von «Marktentwicklung» solle Einhalt geboten werden, verlangte das Staatsoberhaupt. Dabei sei aber nicht nur der Staat gefordert. Es sei auch eine Frage der Selbstachtung, welche Filme man sich anschaue, welche Spiele man spiele, welches Vorbild man seinen Freunden, Kindern und Mitmenschen gebe.
Ungeachtet dessen forderte der Berliner Innensenator Ehrhart Körting eine Reduzierung privater Schusswaffen. «Wir haben ganz klar zu viele Waffen in diesem Land», sagte der SPD-Politiker dem «Spiegel». Körting will eine Initiative für eine Verschärfung des Waffenrechts starten: «Meine SPD-Kollegen werden eine Linie verfolgen», erklärte er dem Bericht zufolge, «die meiner ähnlich ist».
Gunmen kill 17 people at a drug rehab in Mexico (AP 3 Sept 2009) Gunmen broke into a drug rehabilitation center and shot 17 people dead in a northern Mexican border city, an official said. The attackers on Wednesday broke down the door of El Aliviane center in Ciudad Juarez, lined up their victims against a wall and opened fire, said Arturo Sandoval, a spokesman for the regional prosecutors' office. ... Ciudad Juarez, across the border from El Paso, Texas, is Mexico's most violent city, with at least 1,400 people killed this year alone.
Study: Gun Shows Main Source Of Guns Used In Crime (at CBS 13 / CW 31 Sacramento – 2 Sept 2009) A new report from UC Davis researchers finds that American gun shows are the leading source of guns used in crimes, not just in the United States, but Mexico and Canada as well. Amanda Sanchez reports.
18 March 2009: Alienated schools may be breeding grounds for teen killers by Linda Geddes
"Shootings appear more likely in schools characterised by a high degree of social stratification and low bonding and attachment between teachers and students," Wike says. "They provide rewards and recognition for only an elite few, and create social dynamics that promote disrespectful behaviour, bullying, and peer harassment."
25. März 2009 Online Flyer Nr. 190: Zum „School Shooting" von Winnenden in Neue Rheinische Zeitung von Prof. em. Freerk Huisken
... Gelernt haben sie, dass jede zugegebene Schwäche, jedes angezeigte Defizit in allen Konkurrenzlagen - solchen, an denen die Existenz, und solchen, an denen das Selbstbewusstsein hängt - von den Veranstaltern der Konkurrenz und von Mitkonkurrenten zum eigenen Vorteil ausgenutzt wird. Dann wird man als Versager, Schwächling, als Loser, als Opfer einsortiert und behandelt. So etwas darf nicht sein, weswegen die Welt der Heranwachsenden nur aus „coolen Typen“ besteht, die es sich den psychologischen Selbstbetrug zur zweiten Natur werden lassen. Als ohnmächtige Wichte, die sie sind und bleiben, ziehen sie dann schon einmal aus der dauerhaft und quälend erfahrenen Ohnmacht den ziemlich verkehrten Schluss, selbst einmal Macht, und gelegentlich sogar Macht in seiner existenziellsten Form als Macht über Leben und Tod auszuüben.
Die Amokläufer sind also keine defekten Monster, die ihre Mordgelüste eine Zeit lang hinter der Fassade des „unauffälligen, ruhigen Jungen“ verstecken. Es handelt sich vielmehr um aus dem Ruder gelaufene brave Lehrlinge eines pädagogisch und politisch intendierten Curriculums, mit dem sie in Schule und Gesellschaft von Kindesbeinen an traktiert werden. (PK)
März 2009: „School Shooting“ - eine Geisteskrankheit? von Prof. em. Freerk Huisken
Tim K. war in psychiatrischer Behandlung, hieß es bald! Die Gemeinde der professionellen Betroffenen atmete auf. Der Massenmord von Winnenden war geklärt: Dieser junge Mensch war krank, ein Psychopath, vielleicht sogar ein „Zombie“, wie ein Sprecher der deutschen Sportschützen ausführte, der sich ja bei seinen Waffenbrüdern auskennt; auf jeden Fall von schweren Depressionen geplagt, die sich schlussendlich in einem „erweiterten Suizid“ – welch zynischer Psychologismus! – entladen haben. Zudem, auch das passt ins genehme Bild, hatte er im Elternhaus leichten Zugang zu Waffen und Munition, ist vom Vater sogar in der „Kunst des Schießens“ unterwiesen worden und war obendrein Besitzer von Computerspielen der einschlägigen Art. Das „Unfassbare“, wie ein junger Mensch, der als völlig „ruhig und unauffällig“ galt, der nie aggressiv geworden ist und eher schüchtern war, sich und 15 weitere Menschen vom Leben zum Tode befördern kann, ist nun leicht fassbar. Die seelische Störung, „seine Krankheit“, über die man dann auch gar nichts weiter wissen muss, erklärt einfach alles.
... „Unfassbar“ ist all das nicht, und dass sich „die Tat jeder rationalen Deutung entziehe“, wie es nach jedem Amoklauf im Rahmen der ritualisierten Betroffenheitsorgien regelmäßig heißt – so etwas fällt den Wills, Plaßbergs oder Illners bei „Kollateralschäden“ auf Kriegsschauplätzen im Nahen Osten nie ein –, ist ein Urteil, das nicht zur Kenntnis nehmen will, was da passiert ist. Der Tat selbst und ihren Umständen lässt sich bereits so einiges entnehmen – vielleicht sogar schlüssiger als den Chat-Ankündigungen von Tätern, in denen sie auch nur ihre Motivlage mehr oder weniger ungeordnet ausbreiten.
... eine Konkurrenz, deren Protagonisten wissen, warum sie am Jahresende anlässlich der Zeugnisvergabe pädagogische Seelsorge anbieten und hoffen, dass sich keiner ihrer Schüler das Leben nimmt, weil er sich „mit dem Zeugnis“ nicht nach Hause traut; eine Lernkonkurrenz, in der sich Schüler immer zugleich das Rüstzeug fürs ganz normale Durchwursteln in der sich anschließenden Konkurrenz auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und im Berufsleben aneignen: Denn sie erfahren, dass sie nur dann nicht zu den Verlierern gehören, wenn sie dazu beitragen, andere zu Verlierern zu machen, was Anschwärzen ebenso einschließt, wie Neid und Missgunst; wenn sie dem „Schein“ den Vorrang über ihr „Sein“ geben, also Können vortäuschen, andere der Täuschung überführen und was der weiteren Tugenden des gar nicht so „heimlichen Lehrplans“ der Konkurrenz mehr sind. Schüler selbst ergänzen heutzutage diese Leistungskonkurrenz, deren Zwecken sie sich unterwerfen müssen, deren Mittel – dabei handelt es sich nicht um das Lernen, sondern das zensierte Lernen – sie gar nicht in der Hand haben und deren Resultaten sie ohnmächtig gegenüber stehen, um eine eigene, eben die Anerkennungskonkurrenz. In der führen sie sich als die Herren ihrer Konkurrenzmittel auf: Alle rohen Formen der Angeberei und des Mobbing – geschlechtsspezifisch sortiert – stehen dabei hoch im Kurs. Da wird geklaut und erpresst, geschlagen und ausgegrenzt, werden Schulen demoliert und Mutproben der brutalsten Art abverlangt. Gelernt haben die Kids, dass der Mensch ohne Selbstbewusstsein nichts ist, dass man also mit einer Portion Selbstbewusstsein die Zumutungen von Schule, Familie und Straße besser aushält – und nur deswegen ist das Selbstbewusstsein zum Erziehungsziel avanciert. Und das übersetzen sie sich in den Selbstbefund, irgendwie „Superstar“ zu sein, wenn nicht der „Deutschlands“, dann doch wenigstens der der Schule oder der Klasse. Der Anerkennungswahn, der sich hier austobt, erweist sich als ein Psycho-Produkt von Konkurrenzerfahrungen, das inzwischen das Privatleben derart okkupiert hat, dass jede vernünftige Bilanzierung des materiellen Gehalts einer individuellen Lebenslage nur allzu oft überlagert wird von der Frage, wie viel Beifall man für neue Klamotten, geschwollenen Bizeps, Sexual- und Saufleistungen, nebst Frech- und Rohheiten aller Art von Mitmenschen erhält, die denselben anerzogenen und inzwischen durchgesetzten geistigen Deformationen anhängen. Wenn zudem heute Schüler mit 9 oder 10 Jahren ihre Schulhefte auf Lehrergeheiß mit dem Spruch „Ich bin wertvoll!“ zieren – das fällt sachgemäß unter Ethik-Erziehung –, dann darf man sich endgültig nicht wundern, dass dabei der eine oder andere Robert S. oder Tim K. herauskommt. Denn wo in Schule, Familie und Umfeld vermehrt Erfahrungen gemacht werden, die diesen Spruch gerade nicht mit Material unterfüttern, wenn Niederlagen dieser oder jener Art sich vielmehr zu Frust verdichten, dann lässt er sich ebenso in die selbstzerstörerische Frage: „Bin ich wirklich wertvoll?“, wie auch in den fremdzerstörerischen Beschluss: „Denen werde ich es zeigen, dass ich wertvoll bin!“, umsetzen. Es schließt eben die radikalisierte Sorge ums eigene Selbstbewusstsein durchaus beide brutalen Verlaufsformen ein: die Tötung und die Selbsttötung.
Noch etwas ist der Tat zu entnehmen. Täter machen ihren „Frust“ zur Privatsache, die andere nicht nur nichts angeht, die sogar vor anderen geheim gehalten werden muss. Nicht zuletzt deswegen ist Tim K. „unauffällig“. Denn wer seine Schwächen, Beschädigungen und jene Ohnmacht offenbart, die seine tatsächliche Lage nun einmal kennzeichnen, der erfährt nur allzu oft, dass ihm all dies als seine höchst persönliche Eigenschaft um die Ohren und manchmal nicht nur um diese geschlagen wird. Der weiß auch, dass jede zugegebene Schwäche in allen Konkurrenzlagen – solchen, an denen die Existenz, und solchen, an denen das Selbstbewusstsein hängt – von anderen brutal zum eigenen Vorteil ausgenutzt wird. Dann wird man als Schwächling, als Loser, als Opfer einsortiert und be-handelt. So etwas darf nicht sein, weswegen die Welt der Heranwachsenden nur aus „coolen Typen“ besteht, die sich den psychologischen Selbstbetrug zur zweiten Natur werden lassen. Als ohnmächtige Wichte, die sie sind und bleiben, ziehen sie dann schon einmal aus der dauerhaft und quälend erfahrenen Ohnmacht den ziemlich verkehrten Schluss, selbst einmal Macht, und gelegentlich sogar Macht in seiner existenziellsten Form als Macht über Leben und Tod auszuüben.
So etwas registrieren die einschlägigen Talkshow-Runden hier und da. Jedoch nur um blöd anzu-mahnen, dass „wir alle“ mehr „aufeinander zugehen“, uns „mehr umeinander kümmern“ sollten und dass den Lehrern „mehr Zeit für die lieben Kleinen“ eingeräumt werden müsste. Lauter Idealisierungen herrschender Konkurrenzverhältnisse werden da als konkrete Vorschläge ausgerechnet von denen unterbreitet, die gerade eine Schulreform beschlossen haben, in der schulischer Leistungsstress verschärft, Konkurrenz unter Lehrern institutionalisiert, Schulzeit verkürzt, das standardisierte Testwesen ins Zentrum des Unterrichts gerückt wird und allen Ernstes eine Erziehung zu mehr „Frustrationstoleranz“ jede Überlegung, was sich gegen die Ursachen des „Frusts“ machen lässt, erschlägt; die aber auch an anderen Fronten, so auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, in der Berufswelt, in den Sozialsystemen, auf dem Wohnungsmarkt und in der Familie dafür sorgen, dass den Bürgern als Mittel zur Sicherung ihrer Privatexistenz allein der Weg bleibt, sich gegen andere Privatexistenzen – mit erlaubten Mitteln oder solchen am Rande der Legalität – konkurrierend durchzusetzen. Da lässt sich gut „aufeinander zugehen“, da lässt sich gut um den „Mitmenschen kümmern“! Neu ist das alles nicht, aber heftiger wird’s schon. Weswegen es erneut nicht verwundern darf, dass Menschen, deren Kopf randvoll ist mit unbewältigten Lebens- und Anerkennungsproblemen, diese so lange mit sich selbst ausmachen, bis sie meinen, der Welt auf jene Weise Beweise für ihren erfundenen Selbstwert zeigen zu müssen, die sie von der Welt gelernt haben: als Machtausübung mit den Mitteln der Gewalt!
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Freerk Huisken war bis März 2006 Professor für Politische Ökonomie des Ausbildungssektors (Hauptwerk: "Erziehung im Kapitalismus") an der Universität Bremen. Er hat sich in zahlreichen Büchern mit dem Thema Jugendgewalt und schulische Bildung (z.B. "Der 'PISA-Schock' und seine Bewältigung") befasst. Sein zuletzt erschienenes Buch: "Über die Unregierbarkeit des Schulvolks - Rütli-Schulen, Erfurt, Emsdetten usw.", 176 Seiten, 2007, VSA-Verlag, 12.80 Euro - ISBN 978-3-89965-210-9, endet mit dem Kapitel "Erfurt, Emsdetten… – der nächste Amoklauf kommt bestimmt. Über Konkurrenzverlierer und Selbstbewusstseinskult, über verletzte Ehre und demonstrative Rache".
Amokläufer von Winnenden: Eltern von Tim K. äußern sich erstmals öffentlich spiegel online Panorama lgr/dpa/AFP 18. Mai 2014
Tims Urne setzten die Eltern anonym in einem Friedwald bei: "Die Polizei warnte vor einem Begräbnis, man könne nicht für die Sicherheit der Beerdigungsteilnehmer garantieren, und man könne auch nicht garantieren, dass niemand das Grab schänden wird", sagte der 55-jährige Jörg K.
Der damals 17-jährige Tim K. war am 11. März 2009 in die Albertville-Realschule in der baden-württembergischen Kleinstadt Winnenden eingedrungen und hatte mit der Pistole seines Vaters während des Unterrichts acht Schülerinnen, einen Schüler und drei Lehrerinnen ermordet. Insgesamt starben 15 Menschen und K. selbst, auf seiner Flucht hatte er drei weitere Menschen und sich selbst erschossen.
Der Vater war später zu einer Bewährungsstrafe von eineinhalb Jahren verurteilt worden, weil er die Waffe nicht ordnungsgemäß weggesperrt, sondern sie unverschlossen im Schlafzimmer aufbewahrt hatte.
Die Stadt Winnenden kündigte außerdem eine Klage gegen die Eltern von Tim K. an. Sie seien nicht bereit gewesen, sich "in irgendeiner Weise" an der Schadensregulierung zu beteiligen, hieß es. Die Versicherung und die Anwälte der Opfer und Angehörigen haben unterdessen eine Lösung gefunden.
Aber auch der Vater von Tim K. selbst streitet zivilgerichtlich: Er will, dass das Zentrum für Psychiatrie in Weinsberg mögliche Schadensersatzforderungen übernimmt. Die Klinik habe ihm nicht von der Gefahr berichtet, die von seinem Sohn ausging. Dieser war 2008 in psychiatrischer Behandlung und hatte von Hass und Tötungsphantasien gesprochen.
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public speculations about the possible objective factors & subjective motivations that lead to the killing rampage
1. alienated schools
-------> "Erziehung im Kapitalismus" (FH)
2. killer games
3. hate against women
4. psychiatric medications
5. too many firearms
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STATISTICS
19 Mar 2009 posted
19 Feb 2013: 4.532
2014
29 Mar 2014: 11.271
25 July 2014: 13.751
08 Dec 2014: 17.090
2015
28 Mar @ 15.34 ..... 20,232
28 Mar @ 20.50..... 20,246
31 Mar @ 16.55 ..... 20,342
1 April @ 12.46 ...... 20,368
30 Nov @ 17.35..... 25,122
2016
23.Juli: ... 28.313
2017
15.Jan: ... 30.817