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Built in 1893, this Beaux Arts-style building was designed by Charles B. Atwood to serve as the Fine Arts Pavilion at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition World’s Fair. Following the fair, the building, built of brick, was retained while other structures from the fair were demolished, and the building became home to the Columbian Museum, which housed artifacts from the fair, eventually evolving into the Field Museum of Natural History. The building housed the Field Museum until a new museum building was built in the Loop in 1920. After this point, the building sat vacant until 1933, when renovations on the building, which began in 1929-1930, were complete enough for the Museum of Science and Industry to open, with additional phases of the museum opening through 1940. The museum’s renovations were overseen by Graham, Anderson, Probst, and White, as well as Alfred P. Shaw, and included replacing the deteriorating plaster exterior with limestone and fully replacing the Beaux Arts-style 1890s interior with a new Art Moderne-style interior.
The building is clad in limestone with ionic columns and pilasters, four wings with gabled roofs radiating from a central domed rotunda, colonnades and porticoes on the exterior, caryatids, arched and rectilinear window bays, roman lattice motif, two smaller pavilions flanking the main wing to the northeast and northwest, which appear as smaller-scale versions of the main building, linked to the main building via corridors with colonnades and semi-circular bays, and a postmodern wing with a large dome, containing a theater, which stands to the southeast of the main building. The building is surrounded by the landscaped grounds of Jackson Park, including the Columbia Basin to the south, and stands at one end of a large grassy lawn to the north, which is atop the building’s underground parking garage. Inside, the building contains multiple galleries, an Art Moderne-style rotunda and main halls with marble panels and flooring, with elevator lobbies featuring aluminum wainscoting and doors, art deco pendant lights, softly curved wall corners, and large circular brass vents.
The building was designated a Chicago Landmark in 1995. Today, the building remains in use as the Griffin Museum of Science and Industry, with 75 galleries containing 2,000 exhibits, as well as an underground parking garage, Omni IMAX domed theater, and entrance lobby, added during a major renovation in 1992-1998. The museum welcomes more than a million visitors annually, being among several major museums and cultural attractions that can be found along Chicago’s lakefront from Lincoln Park in the north to Jackson Park in the south, and is the last surviving significant structure from the 1893 Columbian Exposition.
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