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Ajmer Jain Temple, also known as Soniji Ki Nasiyan, is an architecturally rich Jain temple. It was built in the late nineteenth century. The main chamber, known as the Swarna Nagari "City of Gold", has several gold-plated wooden figures, depicting several figures in the Jain religion.
Kurt Titze, in his book, "Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-Violence" (1998, p. 143), writes on Soniji Ki Nasiyan:
"Ajmer's main attraction is - for the Jainas - the prominently situated Nasiayan Digambara Temple, or rather the two-storied Svarana Nagara Hall behind the temple, better known as the Museum. Both the temple and the museum were built and are still owned by the Sony family of Ajmer. The temple, dedicated to Rishabha or Adinatha in 1865, was constructed of red sandstone in a matter of a few years, but it took twenty-five years, from 1870 to 1895, to fashion - by artisans at Jaipur - the thousands of individual parts required to assemble a three-dimensional replica of the story of Rishabha in accordance with an old manuscript by Acharya Jinasena.
The thought to have such a three-dimensional model for eduational purposes occurred to Seth Moolchand Soni, who was born in 1830, only after the completion of the temple. His death in 1891 prevented him from seeing his ambitious work in its finished state.
In many Jaina temples one sees painted or figurative representations of the 'five auspicious events' (pancha-kalyanak) in the life of every Tirthankara: conception, birth, renunciation, enlightenment, and salvation (moksha or nirvana). The one at Ajmer, now over a hundred years old, is by far the largest and most artistic plastic representation of that much-loved mythological narrative. A specially designed hall of 24.3 m by 12.2 m had to be build to display it effectively. It is open to visitors of all religions every day all the year round for a very small entry fee."
HISTORY
Greatly revered by the Digambar sect of the Jains, the Nasiyan temple is dedicated to Lord Rishabhdev, first of the 24 Tirthankars [religious path makers of the Jains] by Rai Bahadur Seth Moolchand and Nemichand Soni. It is situated on Prithvi Raj Marg in Ajmer, the heart of Rajasthan state in India. The foundation of this magnificent Jain temple was laid on 10 October 1864 and the image of the first Tirthankar Lord Rishabhdev (Adinath), was installed in the Sanctum Sanctorum on 26 May 1865. This work was carried out under the able guidance of the great scholar Pandit Sadasukhdasji of Jaipur.
The name of the temple is Siddhkoot Chaityalaya. It is also known as 'Red Temple' as it is built of red sand stone or 'Nasiyan of Seth Moolchand Soni' signifying the founder’s name. After the Svarna Nagri was added to the temple in 1895 A.D. it popularly began to be called as 'Sone ka Mandir' or 'Soni Mandir' emphasizing the golden structure as well as the family name. The halls of this temple are adorned with fascinating series of large, gilt wooden figures and delicate paintings that display scenes from Jain scriptures.
MAIN TEMPLE
The entrance gate of the temple is made of red sand stone brought from Karauli. In front of the gateway is the marble staircase, leading to the main temple, which is embellished with the images of the Tirthankars.
VEDI´S
The central image is of Lord Rishabhdev seated in the "Samavasharana" - in which He imparts true knowledge to the suffering humanity, so that they get liberated from the entanglements of life and death. In the year 2005, the 3 Vedi's were renovated and all the idols of Tirthankaras were re-installed amidst religious rituals and ceremonies. In this portion only Jains are allowed to perform their religious rituals.
MANASTAMBHA
On entering this historical temple one gets the view of the beautifully and artistically designed 82 feet high Manastambha. R. B. Seth Tikamchand Soni laid the foundation and R. B. Seth Sir Bhagchand Soni built this Manastambha. He, along with his sons Prabhachand, Nirmalchand & Sushilchand consecrated and installed the images of the Jain Tirthankars in it. A big function was held for ten days in June 1953, where along with the members of the Soni family, thousands of others participated.
LIBRARY
In the year 1974, in the auspicious presence of 108 Acharya VidhyasagarJi Maharaj, a big library was established by R.B. Seth Sir Bhagchand Soni. The library houses rare Jain scriptures which are extensively used for research by scholars.
VISITORS
The temple is being visited by many tourists annually. Distinguished Visitors include India's first President Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Prime Ministers Jawaharlal Nehru, Indra Gandhi, Morarji Desai & Rajiv Gandhi, Commander-in-Chief General K.M.Kariappa. Pre independence the Viceroy and Vicerene of India Lord & Lady Irwin and Lady Willingdon also visited.
SWARNA NAGARI
It came to R.B. Seth Moolchand Soni’s mind that 5 Kalyanakas of Lord Rishabhdev could be displayed in models. Accordingly, the work started in Jaipur and it took 25 years to complete these replicas of Ayodhya and Mt. Sumeru. The whole structure, covered with gold leaf, is made according to the descriptions contained in Adi Purana written by His Holiness Shri Jina Sen Acharya.
On completion, the models were displayed in Museum Hall in Jaipur. A big fair was celebrated for ten days in 1895 A.D which was attended by H.H.Maharaja Madhosinghji of Jaipur. The models were thereafter installed in the building behind the Main Temple. This Hall is richly painted in variegated colours, and the walls and ceiling are covered with glass mosaic work.
GARBHA KALYANAK (CONCEPTION)
The great soul of the Lord is emulated and glorified by the Celestials even six months before He comes into his mother’s womb. Saudharma Indra, the Lord of the celestials, ordered Kubera to rain down priceless jewels in the palace of his father Maharaj Nabhiraj, thus announcing the coming of the Saviour of the World. The golden city of Ayodhya was constructed by the Celestials according to the wishes of Indra. After six months, the mother Marudevi saw sixteen symbolic dreams, signifying that she was going to be the mother of The Tirthankar.
JANMA KALYANAK (BIRTH)
When Lord Rishabhdev was born in the royal palace in the center of Ayodhya, the thrones of Indras vibrated indicating the birth of the Divine Child. The celestials marched towards the city with great majesty. Indra, after completing three rounds of the city took the Baby Tirthankar on the 'Airawat' (Elephant) to Mt. Sumeru. On this golden mountain lies Panduk Shila upon which the Baby Tirthankar was seated for Mahabhisheka (the great sacred ablution) ceremony. The ablution was performed by the waters of the distant ocean Kshira Samudra, brought in 1008 huge pitchers. After this, the celestial company returned the Baby Tirthankar to the Palace of Maharaj Nabhiraj leaving several Celestials as child playmates with Him. Rishabhdev attained manhood and succeeded his father to the throne of Ayodhya.
TAP KALYANAK (RENUNCIATION)
As Rishabhdev became engrossed in worldly affairs, Indra appeared before Him with Apsara Nilanjana. She danced before Him and suddenly disappeared, discarding her mortal coil. This reminded Rishabhdev of the transient nature of the World and He decided to renounce it.
Installing in his place his eldest son Bharat, He left the palace followed by 4000 other kings. Indra followed by the other Celestials, took Rishabhdev in procession to the Triveni, the confluence of the Ganges, the Jamuna and the Saraswati at Prayag ( Allahabad ) where under the shade of the Akshayavat (sacred Banyan Tree) Rishabhdev gave up the world, including his clothes and gave himself to contemplation. He pulled out his hair (Kesh Lonch) by his own hands depicting his extreme detachment to all worldly and bodily comforts. Lord Rishabhdev took his first meal after one year of austerities and penance. Raja Shreyans, the king of Hastinapur, had the good fortune of being the first person to offer him a meal in the form of Sugarcane Juice on the 3rd day of the bright fortnight of the month of Vaishakha. This occasion is celebrated even today as "Akshaya Triteeyaa".
KEVAL JNAN KALYANAK (OMNISCENCE)
After 1000 years of austerities and penance, Lord Rishabhdev attained Keval Jnan (Omniscience) at Mount Kailash. Indra arranged a beautiful place of congregation known as "Samavasharana" where the Lord preached the doctrine of non-attachment to the world. Celestials, humans, and even birds & animals gathered to listen to Him. Tirthankars attain the power of walking in sky after attaining Omniscience. 225 Golden lotuses are placed beneath the Lord’s feet during his travel by Indra.
MOKSHA KALYANAK
On Mount Kailash where Lord Rishabhdev attained Salvation or Nirvana, his eldest son Bharat, the first Chakravarty (emperor of Bharat Kshetra), constructed seventy two magnificent golden temples.
you want to add an arrow head below the 2nd feather. so you you do what you did in step 2 of the tesselation, but at the 2nd feather instead of the 1st.
you carefully open up the yellow portion of the vertical pleat below the 2nd feather.
then you pinch mountain folds along the red grid lines. the left of those mountain pinches runs through the other vertical pleat. you might feel tempted to open up that one, too, to avoid strange thick pleat interferences. but don't do it yet (unless you feel experienced enough, but in that case what I write here is not very interesting for you anyway)! otherwise the paper won't lay flat easily and instead you'll get a confusing mess of paper. what you do is really continue the flap as if the interfering pleat wasn't there and finish this step. you're going to solve the interfering pleats problem afterwards. (for your orientation I have marked the pleat interference by a brown circular thingy.)
the pinched mountain folds should create two new flaps (1 grid division high) which you fold over downwards. the paper might have remembered the long vertical pleat that you're destroying right now, so please convince it to stay flat and even in the yellow area.
after you've collapsed everything you can see an arrow head beneath the 2nd feather, too.
Design build software used by Design Builders, Inc. creates this outdoor living space. A screen room, deck, patio, landscaping and hot tub area are added to this Rockville, MD home.
local.yahoo.com/info-88797533-design-builders-incorporate...
Violin on a door painted by Jan van der Vaart. This famous trompe l'oeil image was painted in c1723. A trompe l'oeil is an art technique involving extremely realistic imagery in order to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects appear in three dimensions, instead of actually being a two-dimensional painting. As you can see the violin painted on the door in the background... there is not even a door there! The door is also just an illusion.
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I few weeks ago i was out looking for insects. Amongst other, this was where i took the robberfly pictures. The wasp spider, uploaded not too long ago, was also found here. This is one of my absolute favourite habitats for bug hunting. This small lake is located a few kilometers from where i live.
This snapshot was taken with my Canon G1x, in Raw. Only addition is some ligt contrast and saturation.
Adding a small part to the monotone pink madness of Valentine's day.
Ursula Young, as seen at Haight & Laguna, Hayes Valley, San Francisco.
..if I should die before I wake,
put the hotel charge on my VISA.
Aiden took me out to the Banff Springs Hotel the other day.
An old castle that has since turned into a hotel.
It's super beautiful yet enchantingly creepy.
Many people have died throughout the years in the hotel,
and there's an added mystery to it that's just awesome.
Reminds me alot of The Shining. You'll notice that with the others I soon will post.
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His achievements including being ranked as the number one model
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If you would like to use this photo, be sure to place a proper attribution linking to xmodulo.com
ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2020. Update - the recent archaeological surveys in ‘Roma / Regione VII., Il Tempio di Traiano’ & the Via di S. Eufemia 13 at the Spanish School of Archaeology in Rome (2019-20) (06/2020). wp.me/pbMWvy-lV
Aggiornamento - Le recenti indagini archeologiche presso la Regione VII., Il Tempio di Traiano e la Via di S. Eufemia 13 a Roma della Scuola Spagnola di Roma (2019-2020) (06/2020).
ROME - In the new edition of the Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma. 120, 2019 (2020); in the section on: “Relazioni su scavi, trovamenti, restauri in Roma e Suburbio 2017-2019”. (1). There is a brief notice of recent archaeological surveys conducted at the site of the Spanish School of Rome on the Via di S. Eufemia 13; located directly across from the north-eastern side of the Palazzo Valentini (or formerly the site of the Temple of Divine Trajan), see:
--- Relazioni su scavi, trovamenti, restauri in Roma e Suburbio 2017-2019: Regione VII. Via di S. Eufemia 13. Ritrovamenti archeologici nella Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma di Antonio Pizzo, Massimo Vitti. BCom 120 (2019).
The recent archaeological surveys conducted at the site of the Spanish School of Rome was brief presented at the following conference in Rome in late January 2020, see:
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/49680679936
--- LA TOPOGRAFIA DELL’AREA A NORD DEL FORO DI TRAIANO. Giornata di studio. Rome, the Auditorium dell’ Ara Pacis (30 January 2020) (2).
Likewise, a month earlier in late December 2019; the recent work at the Palazzo Valentini was discussed & presented in a You-Tube video by: Dr. Paola Baldassarri (Città Metropolitana di Roma Capitale), “L'area a Nord della Colonna Traiana e il Tempio dei divi Traiano e Plotina : riflessioni in merito alle indagini di Palazzo Valentini.” Conférence - Topographie et urbanisme de la Rome antique, Caen, France (11-13 Dec. 2019) (3).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/49680674011
--- Also see: Paola Baldassarri (2016), “Indagini archeologiche a Palazzo Valentini. Nuovi dati per la ricostruzione del tempio di Traiano.” RM 122, pp. 171-202 [in PDF]. (Abstract in English) (4).
More recently sometime in early to mid 2020, Dr. Antonio Pizzo of the Spanish School of Rome briefly published a small summary of the recent archaeological surveys undertaken in the basement substructures of the Spanish School of Rome, entitled:
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/50039085866
--- Dr. Antonio Pizzo, “Arqueología de la Arquitectura. Arqueología de la Construcción Romana. Topografía y Urbanismo de época romana. Metodología de la investigación arqueológica.” LÍNEAS Y PROYECTOS DE ARQUEOLOGÍA E HISTORIA ANTIGUA. CSIC / La Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma (EEHAR). ROME (2020). www.eehar.csic.es/lineas-proyectos-arqueologia/ (accessed June 2020).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/50039085781
Below is a vague translation Spanish-to-English of Dr. Antonio Pizzo article with the accompanying three photographs from the article; with the exception two other photographs cited in the brief notice on the recent excavations and restorations of the Spanish School on Rome Via di S. Eufemia 13 in = “Historia EEHAR / La Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma (EEHAR) (2020) (5). Dr. Antonio Pizzo's original text in Spanish was translated in English by myself (Martin G. Conde) and only a few changes were made in the grammatical context for the English language reader.
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/50038539053
--- Dr. Antonio Pizzo, “Architecture / Archeology. Archeology of Roman Construction. Topography and Urbanism from Roman Period. Archaeological Research Methodology.” CSIC / La Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma (EEHAR). ROME (2020).
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/50039085706
PROJECTS - Antonio Pizzo, Architectural and urban analysis of the archaeological remains preserved in the EEHAR [= the Spanish School of Rome].
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/50038539038
During the renovation phase of the new EEHAR headquarters, a series of archaeological structures from various periods were discovered in one of the basements of the building. After the first preliminary excavation(s), an exhaustive study of the remains has been carried out for two years. This study has revealed the extraordinary importance of what is preserved in the EEHAR due to the presence of different historical phases that have been possible to read after the stratigraphic studies. The main historical phases analyzed can be summarized in the following points:
--- A first structure from the republican era.
--- Republican-era structures formed by a large foundation probably belonging to a first funerary building.
--- Construction of a columbarium in the Augustan period.
--- Destruction of the columbarium and construction of a large building with materials similar to the forums of Augusto and Nerva.
--- Construction of a building from Trajan's era and in phase with the major remodeling of the northern area of the Forum of Trajan [or the Imperial Fora].
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/50038539118
The importance of the remains due to the ancient topography of the area of the Imperial Forums and a first presentation of results at a recent congress held at the Auditorium of the Ara Pacis [= LA TOPOGRAFIA DELL’AREA A NORD DEL FORO DI TRAIANO. Giornata di studio. Rome, the Auditorium dell’ Ara Pacis. 30 January 2020] discussing the new findings in this area of the city; thus having a better understanding of the updated archaeological / architectural survey methodologies (e.g., stratigraphic analysis of elevations, new graphic surveys with Scanning 3D technology) with the series of the recent results, utilized in the particular area of the city of Rome, as attributed to the series of historical patterns associated with the archaeological remains.
The archaeological evidence recorded in the elevations testify to the evolution and transformation of an almost unknown sector of Rome, here at the site of the EEHAR, and now adding to the scientific debate of the last several years relating to the Temple of Divine Trajan in Rome. The presence of various historical stages and, above all, the discovery, among the remains, of a funeral monument in an area so close to the nerve center of the administrative and political machinery of Rome has opened a new reflection on the transformations of the limits of the city in the different historical periods.
The findings made in the basement of the EEHAR may offer, in the future, after new analyzes, fundamental data in the context of the reconstruction of the urban landscape of such an emblematic area. With these premises we believe it is necessary to expand the investigated area and we propose new archaeological investigations that allows the range of data to be available, and resolve questions relating to the recent studies, and above all, the recently discovered archaeological remains below the EEHAR headquarters now becoming a new element in archaeological debate on one of the most representative areas of ancient Rome.
[---End of Text---]
1). Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma. 120 (2019) [2020]. L'Erma di Bretschneider, (2020). 195.231.2.149/index.php?pg=SchedaTitolo&key=00013619
2). ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA E RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2020: Update - The Forum and Temple of Trajan in Rome (2018-20): "L’evidenza archeologica ha dimostrato che il tempio c’è.” With New Comments & New Information Courtesy of Prof. James E. Packer (18 March 2020), in: ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2020. wp.me/pbMWvy-5t (18 March 2020).
3). See: Note 2 above.
4). See: Note 2 above; along with: Prof. James E. Packer, with John Burge (2003), “TEMPLUM DIVI TRAIANI PARTHICI ET PLOTINAE: a debate with Roberto Meneghini.” JRA 16, pp. 109-136 [in PDF].
5). “Roma - 2014-2015 Descubrimiento y excavación de las estructuras romanas situados en uno de los sotános de la EEHAR,” Historia EEHAR / La Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma (EEHAR) (2020).
www.eehar.csic.es/historia-eehar/ (accessed June 2020).
Cover photograph foto / fonte / source:
--- Angelo Giordano, “ROME - MORNING,” in: Skypixel (25/04/2020).
www.skypixel.com/photos/roma-0b97a498-dbd8-43ee-bf7e-d69f...
--- ROME, the Palazzo Valentini and the Spanish School of Archaeology in Rome along the Via di S. Eufemia, in: GOOGLE / MAPS / EARTH (2020).
www.google.com/maps/@41.8962226,12.4844202,158m/data=!3m1...
--- For a detailed online collection of recent and historical research materials relating the studies of the Forum and Temple of Trajan in Rome (1995-2020), please see:
ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA E RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2020. PART 1 – “ROME – THE IMPERIAL FORA: SCHOLARLY RESEARCH & RELATED STUDIES 1995-2020,” in: FLICKR (August 2006-20) / Updated (25-26, May 2020). wp.me/pbMWvy-hI
www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/49681033917
Part. 1 / Section 7). ROMA ARCHEOLOGIA E RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2020: The Forum of Trajan / the Column, Markets and Temple (1995-2020): the Excavations, Restoration & Systemization of F. of Trajan (1995-2020) & (1928-34); And the Metro C Archaeological Surveys (2010-20) (05/2020).
--- Along with a detailed online collection of recent and historical research materials relating the studies of the Forum and Temple of Trajan, the Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali Building [Roman Domus 1st thru 5th century A.D.,] and the Athenaeum di Adriano archaeological surveys, also see:
-- Part. 1 / RARA 2020: 9.5). The Metro C Project and the Archaeological Excavations, Architectural Surveys and Historical Studies in Rome (2005-2020): Piazza Venezia - The Victor Emmanuel II Monument & the Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali Building (05/2020).
-- Part. 1 / RARA 2020: 9.8). The Metro C Project and the Archaeological Excavations, Architectural Surveys and Historical Studies in Rome (2005-2020): Piazza Venezia / Pz. Madonna di Loreto Station - Franesco Ciresi, Donatella Mighela & Antonio Lopez Garcia. Thesis / La Sapienza (2009-10) (05/2020).
--- Part. 1 / RARA 2020: 9.9). The Metro C Project and the Archaeological Excavations, Architectural Surveys and Historical Studies in Rome (2005-2020): Dr. Antonio Lopez Garcia, the F. di Traiano, Athenaeum di Adriano, Pz. Venezia / Pz. Madonna di Loreto Station (2010-20) (05/2020).