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Absorption is a function of not just attraction but also determinationby Chaitanya Charan Das Based on Bhagavad Gita Chapter 06
Sometimes during our devotional practices we may find our mind slipping away to other things that we are more attracted to and may wonder, “How can I stay absorbed in Krishna when I don’t have much attraction for him?”
Actually, absorption doesn’t come from attraction alone – it can come from determination too. Consider students preparing for an important exam. Rarely do they feel strongly attracted to their subject. Yet responsible students push themselves to study by the power of their determination.
Similarly, we too can as spiritual students in the bhakti-yoga university can bolster our determination to absorb ourselves in Krishna by using our intelligence. The Bhagavad-gita (06.25) urges us to slowly, step-by-step bring the mind under control by using a combination of intelligence and determination. When the mind slips away from Krishna or refuses to re-focus on him, we can use our intelligence to focus it on the consequentiality of bhakti practice: bhakti-yoga can rescue us from multiple lifetimes in miserable material existence and grant everlasting spiritual happiness.
Additionally, we have a big advantage over students of ordinary subject matters. Krishna is inherently attractive, in fact supremely all-attractive. And our heart is meant to be attracted to him, for we are his eternal parts. Just as an iron filing’s attraction to a magnet becomes re-manifest once the rust covering it is removed, similarly our attraction to Krishna will manifest as the impurities covering us are removed. And these impurities are most efficaciously removed by meditating on the all-pure Krishna. Thus the more we force ourselves to stay absorbed in Krishna, the less we will need to force ourselves; as we become purified our attraction for him will manifest and will power our absorption in him.
When our absorption comes from attraction, our devotion becomes increasingly, eternally joyful.
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Product Picture:
Product Details:
For the test film of the Jupiter-9 lens I mounted it on the Leningrad camera (see below for detail about the lens and the camera). The lens was fitted with a generic yellow filter (screw-on 49mm) and a generic cylindrical metal shade hood designed for a 50mm lens. By safety, a lens cap fitted on the hood (55mm) was also used to protect the shutter curtains from an accidental sun burning (I forgot twice to remove the cap before shooting...)
I loaded the Leningrad with a Rollei RPX 400 film exposed for 250 ISO to compensate the absorption of the yellow filter. The light metering was done using a Minolta Autometer III with the 10° viewer for selective metering privileging the shadows areas.
The viewer of the Leningrad has build-in frame for the 85mm and is fully compensated for the parallax error.
View Nr. 12 : 1/250s f/9 focusing @ 15m
Les Quais du Rhône, February 17, 2025
Quai Victor Augagneur
69003 Lyon
France
After completion, the film was rewound and processed using 350 mL of Adox Adonal (Agfa Rodinal) developer prepared at the dilution 1+25 for 12min15 at 20°C.
Digitizing was made using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) fitted to a Minolta Auto Bellows III with the Minolta slide duplication accessory and Minolta Macro Bellow lens 1:3.5 f=50mm. The diffuse light source was a LED panel CineStill Cine-lite.
The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version available of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 14.2) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as printer files with a frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.
About the camera :
After several months, my local repair shop gave up to repair my first exemplary of Leningrad camera. I got that GOMZ Leningrad for less than the price of the lens (50€) a year ago (February 24, 2024, flic.kr/s/aHBqjBftyP) at the monthly collector meeting in Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, near Lyon, France. I looked then again for a working one.
Leningrad’s are fascinating Russian range-finder 35mm camera’s produced in Leningrad (USSR) / Saint-Petersburg, from 1956 to 1968 at about 76.000 units. It is not really a rare camera but appears only from time-to-time in the classical collector’s networks.
The Leningrad camera project was developed by GOMZ company (ГОМЗ, Государственный оптико-механический завод, Ленинград = Gosularstvennyi Optiko-Mekhanicheskii Zavod =State Optical-Mechanical Factory), Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad ’s were constructed to a very high degree of precision and likely the most advanced rangefinder ever made at that time in Russia. At the 1958 World Exposition in Brussels, the Leningrad was awarded the "Grand Prix de Bruxelles”. Modified Leningrads were also used in the Soviet space program. In addition to a complex parallax-compensated multi-focal (for 3.5, 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm) collimated system, the camera has a built-in spring-powered mechanical motor for an automated film advance after each view taken. The Leningrad mounts the 39mm Leica-type thread lenses, especially of the Jupiter series of lens derived of classical Carl Zeiss lenses designed for the Contax (Biogon 3.5cm and Sonnar’s 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm).
In 1965, GOMZ became LOMO ( ЛОМО, Ленинградское oптико-механическое oбъединение (Leningradskoïe Optiko-Mekhanitcheskoïe Obiedinienie) that is still existing, producing instrumental optical devices (www.lomo.ru).
On eBay, I focused on a LOMO Leningrad year 1965 in working condition but without the original film plate. I got the camera for 130€ including the leather bag and a standard lens Jupiter-8 1:2 f=5cm. The seller adapted cleanly a different film plate that looked to work, but my idea was to use the camera back of my faulty Leningrad. This film plate may a precision glass plate special designed for optimum film transport and optical planarity. I received my new Leningrad on January 31, 2025 in good condition.
After a very careful inspection and a detailled cleaning, I decided to make a test film using a FOMAPAN 200 black-and-white film. On the Leningrad it is said that there is absolutely no way to check the correct film advance during the shooting session. The rewind should not be up since the mechanical forces induced would be too high for the spring-powered spooling barrel. The film should be also in a quality not too tight film cartridge and should be checked before use. This stressful machine should be manipulated with maximum care when not familiar with it.
About the lens Jupiter-9:
New in my collection in Feb. 2025, this very popular lens Jupiter-9 1:2.8 f=85mm for my Zorki’s and Leningrad camera’s. The lens was produced in 1978 by the LZOS company (Лыткаринский завод Оптического Стекла , Lytkarino Zavod Optychisovo Sticklo) located in Lytkarino (about 100 km Noth to Moscow).
I sourced a clean exemplary in Germany at regular price given the popularity of the Jupiter-9 (170€) with the Leica 39mm thread mount, front and rear caps plus the lens black storage canister. The lens is popular especially among videographers due to its peculiar bokeh and perfectly round shaped diaphragm made of 15 blades.
Originally, the Jupiter 9 is based on the design of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar designed for the Zeiss Ikon Contax in the years 1930’s. Production began in USSR in 1948, when the lens was initially called the ЗК-85 (Sonnar Kransogorsk) and it was assembled using mostly German parts in Contax/Kiev mount. The lens was also adapted to Zorki (M39) mount to fit the Zorki cameras early in production It appears, for both Zorki and Kiev mount, in a 1949 catalogue. By 1951 the name changes to Jupiter 9 (Юпитер-9). The lens has seven glass elements in three groups; a single glass at the front, and two cemented groups of three. All versions of the lens are coated. It was made by the KMZ (Красногорский механический завод, Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod) and LZOS factories, in Leica 39 mm thread mount for Fed and Zorki rangefinders, but originally it was a Contax bayonet used in Kiev cameras. Jupiter-9 lenses were also made at the Arsenal factory in Ukraine, for Kiev rangefinders,but initially released as KMZ. It was later adapted for M42-mount Zenit SLR cameras, with an M24×1 thread mount.
For the test film of the Jupiter-9 lens I mounted it on the Leningrad camera (see below for detail about the lens and the camera). The lens was fitted with a generic yellow filter (screw-on 49mm) and a generic cylindrical metal shade hood designed for a 50mm lens. By safety, a lens cap fitted on the hood (55mm) was also used to protect the shutter curtains from an accidental sun burning (I forgot twice to remove the cap before shooting...)
I loaded the Leningrad with a Rollei RPX 400 film exposed for 250 ISO to compensate the absorption of the yellow filter. The light metering was done using a Minolta Autometer III with the 10° viewer for selective metering privileging the shadows areas.
The viewer of the Leningrad has build-in frame for the 85mm and is fully compensated for the parallax error.
View Nr. : 1/--s f/-- focusing @ -- m
February 17, 2025
69003 Lyon
France
After completion, the film was rewound and processed using 350 mL of Adox Adonal (Agfa Rodinal) developer prepared at the dilution 1+25 for 12min15 at 20°C.
Digitizing was made using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) fitted to a Minolta Auto Bellows III with the Minolta slide duplication accessory and Minolta Macro Bellow lens 1:3.5 f=50mm. The diffuse light source was a LED panel CineStill Cine-lite.
The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version available of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 14.2) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as printer files with a frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.
About the camera :
After several months, my local repair shop gave up to repair my first exemplary of Leningrad camera. I got that GOMZ Leningrad for less than the price of the lens (50€) a year ago (February 24, 2024, flic.kr/s/aHBqjBftyP) at the monthly collector meeting in Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, near Lyon, France. I looked then again for a working one.
Leningrad’s are fascinating Russian range-finder 35mm camera’s produced in Leningrad (USSR) / Saint-Petersburg, from 1956 to 1968 at about 76.000 units. It is not really a rare camera but appears only from time-to-time in the classical collector’s networks.
The Leningrad camera project was developed by GOMZ company (ГОМЗ, Государственный оптико-механический завод, Ленинград = Gosularstvennyi Optiko-Mekhanicheskii Zavod =State Optical-Mechanical Factory), Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad ’s were constructed to a very high degree of precision and likely the most advanced rangefinder ever made at that time in Russia. At the 1958 World Exposition in Brussels, the Leningrad was awarded the "Grand Prix de Bruxelles”. Modified Leningrads were also used in the Soviet space program. In addition to a complex parallax-compensated multi-focal (for 3.5, 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm) collimated system, the camera has a built-in spring-powered mechanical motor for an automated film advance after each view taken. The Leningrad mounts the 39mm Leica-type thread lenses, especially of the Jupiter series of lens derived of classical Carl Zeiss lenses designed for the Contax (Biogon 3.5cm and Sonnar’s 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm).
In 1965, GOMZ became LOMO ( ЛОМО, Ленинградское oптико-механическое oбъединение (Leningradskoïe Optiko-Mekhanitcheskoïe Obiedinienie) that is still existing, producing instrumental optical devices (www.lomo.ru).
On eBay, I focused on a LOMO Leningrad year 1965 in working condition but without the original film plate. I got the camera for 130€ including the leather bag and a standard lens Jupiter-8 1:2 f=5cm. The seller adapted cleanly a different film plate that looked to work, but my idea was to use the camera back of my faulty Leningrad. This film plate may a precision glass plate special designed for optimum film transport and optical planarity. I received my new Leningrad on January 31, 2025 in good condition.
After a very careful inspection and a detailled cleaning, I decided to make a test film using a FOMAPAN 200 black-and-white film. On the Leningrad it is said that there is absolutely no way to check the correct film advance during the shooting session. The rewind should not be up since the mechanical forces induced would be too high for the spring-powered spooling barrel. The film should be also in a quality not too tight film cartridge and should be checked before use. This stressful machine should be manipulated with maximum care when not familiar with it.
About the lens Jupiter-9:
New in my collection in Feb. 2025, this very popular lens Jupiter-9 1:2.8 f=85mm for my Zorki’s and Leningrad camera’s. The lens was produced in 1978 by the LZOS company (Лыткаринский завод Оптического Стекла , Lytkarino Zavod Optychisovo Sticklo) located in Lytkarino (about 100 km Noth to Moscow).
I sourced a clean exemplary in Germany at regular price given the popularity of the Jupiter-9 (170€) with the Leica 39mm thread mount, front and rear caps plus the lens black storage canister. The lens is popular especially among videographers due to its peculiar bokeh and perfectly round shaped diaphragm made of 15 blades.
Originally, the Jupiter 9 is based on the design of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar designed for the Zeiss Ikon Contax in the years 1930’s. Production began in USSR in 1948, when the lens was initially called the ЗК-85 (Sonnar Kransogorsk) and it was assembled using mostly German parts in Contax/Kiev mount. The lens was also adapted to Zorki (M39) mount to fit the Zorki cameras early in production It appears, for both Zorki and Kiev mount, in a 1949 catalogue. By 1951 the name changes to Jupiter 9 (Юпитер-9). The lens has seven glass elements in three groups; a single glass at the front, and two cemented groups of three. All versions of the lens are coated. It was made by the KMZ (Красногорский механический завод, Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod) and LZOS factories, in Leica 39 mm thread mount for Fed and Zorki rangefinders, but originally it was a Contax bayonet used in Kiev cameras. Jupiter-9 lenses were also made at the Arsenal factory in Ukraine, for Kiev rangefinders,but initially released as KMZ. It was later adapted for M42-mount Zenit SLR cameras, with an M24×1 thread mount.
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For the test film of the Jupiter-9 lens I mounted it on the Leningrad camera (see below for detail about the lens and the camera). The lens was fitted with a generic yellow filter (screw-on 49mm) and a generic cylindrical metal shade hood designed for a 50mm lens. By safety, a lens cap fitted on the hood (55mm) was also used to protect the shutter curtains from an accidental sun burning (I forgot twice to remove the cap before shooting...)
I loaded the Leningrad with a Rollei RPX 400 film exposed for 250 ISO to compensate the absorption of the yellow filter. The light metering was done using a Minolta Autometer III with the 10° viewer for selective metering privileging the shadows areas.
The viewer of the Leningrad has build-in frame for the 85mm and is fully compensated for the parallax error.
View Nr. 16 : 1/500s f/11 focusing @ 40m
Le "Mistral" sur le Rhône au Pont Wilson, February 17, 2025
69003 Lyon
France
After completion, the film was rewound and processed using 350 mL of Adox Adonal (Agfa Rodinal) developer prepared at the dilution 1+25 for 12min15 at 20°C.
Digitizing was made using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) fitted to a Minolta Auto Bellows III with the Minolta slide duplication accessory and Minolta Macro Bellow lens 1:3.5 f=50mm. The diffuse light source was a LED panel CineStill Cine-lite.
The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version available of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 14.2) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as printer files with a frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.
About the camera :
After several months, my local repair shop gave up to repair my first exemplary of Leningrad camera. I got that GOMZ Leningrad for less than the price of the lens (50€) a year ago (February 24, 2024, flic.kr/s/aHBqjBftyP) at the monthly collector meeting in Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, near Lyon, France. I looked then again for a working one.
Leningrad’s are fascinating Russian range-finder 35mm camera’s produced in Leningrad (USSR) / Saint-Petersburg, from 1956 to 1968 at about 76.000 units. It is not really a rare camera but appears only from time-to-time in the classical collector’s networks.
The Leningrad camera project was developed by GOMZ company (ГОМЗ, Государственный оптико-механический завод, Ленинград = Gosularstvennyi Optiko-Mekhanicheskii Zavod =State Optical-Mechanical Factory), Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad ’s were constructed to a very high degree of precision and likely the most advanced rangefinder ever made at that time in Russia. At the 1958 World Exposition in Brussels, the Leningrad was awarded the "Grand Prix de Bruxelles”. Modified Leningrads were also used in the Soviet space program. In addition to a complex parallax-compensated multi-focal (for 3.5, 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm) collimated system, the camera has a built-in spring-powered mechanical motor for an automated film advance after each view taken. The Leningrad mounts the 39mm Leica-type thread lenses, especially of the Jupiter series of lens derived of classical Carl Zeiss lenses designed for the Contax (Biogon 3.5cm and Sonnar’s 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm).
In 1965, GOMZ became LOMO ( ЛОМО, Ленинградское oптико-механическое oбъединение (Leningradskoïe Optiko-Mekhanitcheskoïe Obiedinienie) that is still existing, producing instrumental optical devices (www.lomo.ru).
On eBay, I focused on a LOMO Leningrad year 1965 in working condition but without the original film plate. I got the camera for 130€ including the leather bag and a standard lens Jupiter-8 1:2 f=5cm. The seller adapted cleanly a different film plate that looked to work, but my idea was to use the camera back of my faulty Leningrad. This film plate may a precision glass plate special designed for optimum film transport and optical planarity. I received my new Leningrad on January 31, 2025 in good condition.
After a very careful inspection and a detailled cleaning, I decided to make a test film using a FOMAPAN 200 black-and-white film. On the Leningrad it is said that there is absolutely no way to check the correct film advance during the shooting session. The rewind should not be up since the mechanical forces induced would be too high for the spring-powered spooling barrel. The film should be also in a quality not too tight film cartridge and should be checked before use. This stressful machine should be manipulated with maximum care when not familiar with it.
About the lens Jupiter-9:
New in my collection in Feb. 2025, this very popular lens Jupiter-9 1:2.8 f=85mm for my Zorki’s and Leningrad camera’s. The lens was produced in 1978 by the LZOS company (Лыткаринский завод Оптического Стекла , Lytkarino Zavod Optychisovo Sticklo) located in Lytkarino (about 100 km Noth to Moscow).
I sourced a clean exemplary in Germany at regular price given the popularity of the Jupiter-9 (170€) with the Leica 39mm thread mount, front and rear caps plus the lens black storage canister. The lens is popular especially among videographers due to its peculiar bokeh and perfectly round shaped diaphragm made of 15 blades.
Originally, the Jupiter 9 is based on the design of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar designed for the Zeiss Ikon Contax in the years 1930’s. Production began in USSR in 1948, when the lens was initially called the ЗК-85 (Sonnar Kransogorsk) and it was assembled using mostly German parts in Contax/Kiev mount. The lens was also adapted to Zorki (M39) mount to fit the Zorki cameras early in production It appears, for both Zorki and Kiev mount, in a 1949 catalogue. By 1951 the name changes to Jupiter 9 (Юпитер-9). The lens has seven glass elements in three groups; a single glass at the front, and two cemented groups of three. All versions of the lens are coated. It was made by the KMZ (Красногорский механический завод, Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod) and LZOS factories, in Leica 39 mm thread mount for Fed and Zorki rangefinders, but originally it was a Contax bayonet used in Kiev cameras. Jupiter-9 lenses were also made at the Arsenal factory in Ukraine, for Kiev rangefinders,but initially released as KMZ. It was later adapted for M42-mount Zenit SLR cameras, with an M24×1 thread mount.
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Main Street, Gloucester - 1917
John Sloan (American, 1871 - 1951)
Sloan spent each summer from 1914 to 1918 in the small Cape Ann, Massachusetts, town of Gloucester. This work, executed during the fourth summer, reveals an aesthetic sophistication stimulated by the artist's absorption of the 1913 Armory Show's provocative presentation of avant-garde and modernist art. That landmark exhibition, coupled with those he helped to organize for The Eight in 1908 and the Exhibition of Independent Artists in 1910, inspired Sloan to explore a constellation of new ideas and methods. The body of work he created during the Gloucester years speaks of a renewed rigor as well as an intrepid and vigorous spirit of experimentation that would endure throughout his career.(1)
Initially, “Main Street, Gloucester” captivates as one of Sloan's distinctive "city-life" pictures, for which he garnered an enormous reputation. In the decade and a half preceding this painting's creation, his keen powers of observation, selection, and rendering were honed through his work as an illustrator, etcher, and painter of the urban scene. Yet his production during the Gloucester period represented a fundamental shift in his methods of conception and execution.
I had been dependent on waiting for the inspiration to paint a picture because I had so little leisure time to work for myself. So I decided to save up enough money to take off for a few months, go to the country and work from nature to get fresh ideas about plastic design and color rhythms.(2)
Thus issues of pure painting, rather than subject, motivated his work at this time.
This redirection toward plasticity, design, and color resulted from Sloan's thoughtful analysis of the work of what he called the "ultra-moderns" at the Armory Show. Sloan recalled the impact of that landmark exhibition: "It was exciting, it pointed many ways to freedom of expression, color, texture, most of all “graphics”. It pointed the way back to mental rather than visual thinking."(3) He credited the works of Cézanne, Matisse, and Van Gogh, among others, as powerful antidotes for the disease of "clever eyesight painting," the scourge of art production and consumption since the advent of photography.(4) He wrote: "Many intelligent people have accepted the false idea that accuracy in representing visual facts is a sign of progress in art. Such imitation of superficial effects has nothing to do with art, which is and always has been the making of mental concepts."(5)
Sloan's summers in Gloucester precipitated the auspicious convergence of several paths of inquiry in his own work. Using color as a constructive, expressive element in painting had been one of his preoccupations since 1909, when Robert Henri introduced him to Hardesty Maratta's experimental color system. Through it, Sloan had moved away from a dark tonal palette by increasing the presence of bright vivid colors. Maratta's system was predicated on the analogous relationship of the twelve colors in the chromatic wheel to notes in an octave of music.(6) The careful, precise orchestration of notes, chords, and harmonies was facilitated through the use of a set palette of premixed colors. With this palette, Sloan was confident that he could maintain the continuity of a painting's colors as he worked on it over time:
These Maratta colors opened up the palette for me. I had been analyzing the color of the city streets and the few things I painted from the model, in terms of color changes away from a basic raw umber note. With the Maratta colors I had six, twelve color-hues to work with, and from there could think of branching up into notes of higher intensity.(7)
His use of the Maratta system was given fresh impetus when he coupled it with plein-air techniques. The genre of landscape provided a comfortable arena in which to experiment with color that was often somewhat antinaturalistic. "After selecting the subject I would take half an hour to set my palette. Then I would pick up those set tones and draw with paint. Instead of imitating the colors in nature, I decided on some quality of color that interested me and set a limited palette."(8) His deep sympathy for humanity prevented his taking too many liberties with human subjects. "There is no better subject [than landscape] to free one of color habits. The variety in nature offers new color combinations, new ideas. You also feel more free to take liberties with color in nature than when painting from the figure."(9)
In “Main Street, Gloucester” Sloan effectively merged plein-air techniques with his exploration of color rhythms and plastic design. Through the skilled massing and organization of form, volume, and color, he devised a composition that is at once stable and balanced yet highly animated. By the artist's criteria for a successful composition, “Main Street, Gloucester” is a successful work. "A good design has stability. It is at rest with itself. Sense the opposition of horizontal and vertical rhythms to the dynamic movement of diagonal curves. Feel the weight of tones and colors, balance and counterbalance them against line and mass."
Born in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, John Sloan was the first child and only surviving son of Henrietta Ireland, a former school teacher, and James Dixon Sloan, who repaired bicycles and worked as a photographer after the decline of his family's cabinetry business. Sloan's childhood was spent reading, sketching, and pouring over illustrated books. He attended Philadelphia's prestigious collegiate Central High School with fellow students William Glackens and Albert Barnes. In 1888 Sloan left school just six months shy of graduation, to become the family's primary breadwinner.
Sloan took a job as a cashier at Porter and Coates' bookstore and continued his education by reading and studying prints. He taught himself to etch using Philip Hamerton's “Etcher's Handbook” (1881), a popular "how-to" manual, and supplemented his income by selling prints at the bookshop. When A. Edward Newton, one of his co-workers, left to open his own store, he hired Sloan to etch giftbooks and pamphlets. At this time, Sloan made his first oil painting, “Self-Portrait” (1890; Delaware Art Museum, Wilmington), using another "how-to" book, John Collier's “Manual of Oil Painting” (1886), and painting on a piece of window shade his father gave him.
During the 1890s Sloan worked as an illustrator for the “Philadelphia Inquirer” and the “Philadelphia Press”, honing his skills as an astute "spectator of life." Fellow illustrators Glackens, George Luks, and Everett Shinn introduced him to a circle of artists, including Robert Henri, who soon became his close friend and mentor. Their shared aspirations to infuse American art with vitality and release it from the tyranny of the conservative academic system of juried exhibitions and prizes led them to form the group known as The Eight. Their landmark exhibition of 1908 established Sloan's career as an artist, exhibition organizer, and forward-thinking modernist.
Sloan's earliest paintings, many executed in a limited palette, are indebted to the figurative traditions of James McNeill Whistler, Thomas Eakins, and Thomas P. Anshutz. Sloan moved to New York in 1904 and took up the city-life subjects that distinguished his ensuing career. His spirit of artistic exploration, fed by the 1913 Armory Show and summer sojourns to the art colonies of Gloucester (1914-18) and Santa Fe (1919-50), led him to experiment with color, glazing, and a graphic painting technique that he called "linework."
From 1900 until his death, Sloan's paintings, etchings, and drawings were exhibited in nearly nine hundred exhibitions, including those at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, Art Institute of Chicago, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Whitney Studio Club and C. W. Kraushaar Art Galleries. “The Gist of Art” (1939), written with his student Helen Farr (later, Mrs. John Sloan), stands as a thoughtful and eminently readable compendium of his ideas and practices. Happily, Sloan's numerous contributions to the arts and to art education were recognized and celebrated in the decade before his death.
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"Acknowledged as the first museum in the world dedicated solely to collecting American art, the NBMAA is renowned for its preeminent collection spanning three centuries of American history. The award-winning Chase Family Building, which opened in 2006 to critical and public acclaim, features 15 spacious galleries which showcase the permanent collection and upwards of 25 special exhibitions a year featuring American masters, emerging artists and private collections. Education and community outreach programs for all ages include docent-led school and adult tours, teacher services, studio classes and vacation programs, Art Happy Hour gallery talks, lectures, symposia, concerts, film, monthly First Friday jazz evenings, quarterly Museum After Dark parties for young professionals, and the annual Juneteenth celebration. Enjoy Café on the Park for a light lunch prepared by “Best Caterer in Connecticut” Jordan Caterers. Visit the Museum Shop for unique gifts. Drop by the “ArtLab” learning gallery with your little ones. Gems not to be missed include Thomas Hart Benton’s murals “The Arts of Life in America,” “The Cycle of Terror and Tragedy, September 11, 2001” by Graydon Parrish,” and Dale Chihuly’s “Blue and Beyond Blue” spectacular chandelier. Called “a destination for art lovers everywhere,” “first-class,” “a full-size, transparent temple of art, mixing New York ambience with Yankee ingenuity and all-American beauty,” the NBMAA is not to be missed."
www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g33847-d106105-Revi...
www.nbmaa.org/permanent-collection
The NBMAA collection represents the major artists and movements of American art. Today it numbers about 8,274 paintings, works on paper, sculptures, and photographs, including the Sanford B.D. Low Illustration Collection, which features important works by illustrators such as Norman Rockwell, Howard Pyle, and Maxfield Parrish.
Among collection highlights are colonial and federal portraits, with examples by John Smibert, John Trumbull, John Singleton Copley, Gilbert Stuart, and the Peale family. The Hudson River School features landscapes by Thomas Cole, Asher B. Durand, Martin Johnson Heade, John Kensett, Albert Bierstadt, and Frederic Church. Still life painters range from Raphaelle Peale, Severin Roesen, William Harnett, John Peto, John Haberle, and John La Farge. American genre painting is represented by John Quidor, William Sidney Mount, and Lilly Martin Spencer. Post-Civil War examples include works by Winslow Homer, Thomas Eakins, John Singer Sargent, George de Forest Brush, and William Paxton, and 19 plasters and bronzes by Solon Borglum. American Impressionists include Mary Cassatt, Theodore Robinson, John Henry Twachtman, J. Alden Weir, Willard Metcalf, and Childe Hassam, the last represented by eleven oils. Later Impressionist paintings include those by Ernest Lawson, Frederck Frieseke, Louis Ritman, Robert Miller, and Maurice Prendergast.
Other strengths of the twentieth-century collection include: sixty works by members of the Ash Can School; significant representation by early modernists such as Alfred Maurer, Marsden Hartley, John Marin, Georgia O’Keeffe, and Max Weber; important examples by the Precisionists Charles Demuth, Charles Sheeler, Preston Dickinson, and Ralston Crawford; a broad spectrum of work by the Social Realists Ben Shahn, Romare Bearden, Jacob Lawrence, and Jack Levine; and ambitious examples of Regionalist painting by Grant Wood, John Steuart Curry, and Thomas Hart Benton, notably the latter’s celebrated five-panel mural, The Arts of Life in America (1932).
Works by the American Abstract Artist group (Stuart Davis, Ilya Bolotowsky, Esphyr Slobodkina, Balcomb Greene, and Milton Avery) give twentieth-century abstraction its place in the collection, as do later examples of Surrealism by artists Kay Sage and George Tooker; Abstract Expressionism (Lee Krasner, Giorgio Cavallon, Morris Graves, Robert Motherwell, Sam Francis, Cleve Gray), Pop and Op art (Andy Warhol, Larry Rivers, Robert Indiana, Tom Wesselman, Jim Dine), Conceptual (Christo, Sol LeWitt), and Photo-Realism (Robert Cottingham). Examples of twentieth-century sculpture include Harriet Frishmuth, Paul Manship, Isamu Noguchi, George Segal, and Stephen DeStaebler. We continue to acquire contemporary works by notable artists, in order to best represent the dynamic and evolving narrative of American art.
For the test film of the Jupiter-9 lens I mounted it on the Leningrad camera (see below for detail about the lens and the camera). The lens was fitted with a generic yellow filter (screw-on 49mm) and a generic cylindrical metal shade hood designed for a 50mm lens. By safety, a lens cap fitted on the hood (55mm) was also used to protect the shutter curtains from an accidental sun burning (I forgot twice to remove the cap before shooting...)
I loaded the Leningrad with a Rollei RPX 400 film exposed for 250 ISO to compensate the absorption of the yellow filter. The light metering was done using a Minolta Autometer III with the 10° viewer for selective metering privileging the shadows areas.
The viewer of the Leningrad has build-in frame for the 85mm and is fully compensated for the parallax error.
View Nr. 33 : 1/500s f/11 focusing @ infinite
Les Quais du Rhône, February 17, 2025
Pont de la Guillotière
69003 Lyon
France
After completion, the film was rewound and processed using 350 mL of Adox Adonal (Agfa Rodinal) developer prepared at the dilution 1+25 for 12min15 at 20°C.
Digitizing was made using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) fitted to a Minolta Auto Bellows III with the Minolta slide duplication accessory and Minolta Macro Bellow lens 1:3.5 f=50mm. The diffuse light source was a LED panel CineStill Cine-lite.
The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version available of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 14.2) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as printer files with a frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.
About the camera :
After several months, my local repair shop gave up to repair my first exemplary of Leningrad camera. I got that GOMZ Leningrad for less than the price of the lens (50€) a year ago (February 24, 2024, flic.kr/s/aHBqjBftyP) at the monthly collector meeting in Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, near Lyon, France. I looked then again for a working one.
Leningrad’s are fascinating Russian range-finder 35mm camera’s produced in Leningrad (USSR) / Saint-Petersburg, from 1956 to 1968 at about 76.000 units. It is not really a rare camera but appears only from time-to-time in the classical collector’s networks.
The Leningrad camera project was developed by GOMZ company (ГОМЗ, Государственный оптико-механический завод, Ленинград = Gosularstvennyi Optiko-Mekhanicheskii Zavod =State Optical-Mechanical Factory), Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad ’s were constructed to a very high degree of precision and likely the most advanced rangefinder ever made at that time in Russia. At the 1958 World Exposition in Brussels, the Leningrad was awarded the "Grand Prix de Bruxelles”. Modified Leningrads were also used in the Soviet space program. In addition to a complex parallax-compensated multi-focal (for 3.5, 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm) collimated system, the camera has a built-in spring-powered mechanical motor for an automated film advance after each view taken. The Leningrad mounts the 39mm Leica-type thread lenses, especially of the Jupiter series of lens derived of classical Carl Zeiss lenses designed for the Contax (Biogon 3.5cm and Sonnar’s 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm).
In 1965, GOMZ became LOMO ( ЛОМО, Ленинградское oптико-механическое oбъединение (Leningradskoïe Optiko-Mekhanitcheskoïe Obiedinienie) that is still existing, producing instrumental optical devices (www.lomo.ru).
On eBay, I focused on a LOMO Leningrad year 1965 in working condition but without the original film plate. I got the camera for 130€ including the leather bag and a standard lens Jupiter-8 1:2 f=5cm. The seller adapted cleanly a different film plate that looked to work, but my idea was to use the camera back of my faulty Leningrad. This film plate may a precision glass plate special designed for optimum film transport and optical planarity. I received my new Leningrad on January 31, 2025 in good condition.
After a very careful inspection and a detailled cleaning, I decided to make a test film using a FOMAPAN 200 black-and-white film. On the Leningrad it is said that there is absolutely no way to check the correct film advance during the shooting session. The rewind should not be up since the mechanical forces induced would be too high for the spring-powered spooling barrel. The film should be also in a quality not too tight film cartridge and should be checked before use. This stressful machine should be manipulated with maximum care when not familiar with it.
About the lens Jupiter-9:
New in my collection in Feb. 2025, this very popular lens Jupiter-9 1:2.8 f=85mm for my Zorki’s and Leningrad camera’s. The lens was produced in 1978 by the LZOS company (Лыткаринский завод Оптического Стекла , Lytkarino Zavod Optychisovo Sticklo) located in Lytkarino (about 100 km Noth to Moscow).
I sourced a clean exemplary in Germany at regular price given the popularity of the Jupiter-9 (170€) with the Leica 39mm thread mount, front and rear caps plus the lens black storage canister. The lens is popular especially among videographers due to its peculiar bokeh and perfectly round shaped diaphragm made of 15 blades.
Originally, the Jupiter 9 is based on the design of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar designed for the Zeiss Ikon Contax in the years 1930’s. Production began in USSR in 1948, when the lens was initially called the ЗК-85 (Sonnar Kransogorsk) and it was assembled using mostly German parts in Contax/Kiev mount. The lens was also adapted to Zorki (M39) mount to fit the Zorki cameras early in production It appears, for both Zorki and Kiev mount, in a 1949 catalogue. By 1951 the name changes to Jupiter 9 (Юпитер-9). The lens has seven glass elements in three groups; a single glass at the front, and two cemented groups of three. All versions of the lens are coated. It was made by the KMZ (Красногорский механический завод, Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod) and LZOS factories, in Leica 39 mm thread mount for Fed and Zorki rangefinders, but originally it was a Contax bayonet used in Kiev cameras. Jupiter-9 lenses were also made at the Arsenal factory in Ukraine, for Kiev rangefinders,but initially released as KMZ. It was later adapted for M42-mount Zenit SLR cameras, with an M24×1 thread mount.
A young lady in an extravagant green dress sits on the floor, reading. Although she wears fifteenth-century clothing and is in a medieval room, she is a biblical figure: Saint Mary Magdalene. Her figure forms a semi-circle, with her head and legs curving around her bent knees, emphasising her absorption in her book. This use of geometric harmonies to express feeling is typical of Rogier van der Weyden. This is a fragment of a larger painting, and you can see parts of other figures: a man leaning on a stick behind Mary and another kneeling to the left, his toes poking out from under his voluminous robe. She sits on a red cushion and leans against a carved wooden cabinet. Her overdress is lined with grey fur and cinched in tight around her waist. It falls in bulky folds around her legs, and is turned back so that we can see her cloth of gold underdress. Her loose hair is covered with a white veil, fluted at the edges and tucked behind her ears; this is not the fashionable headdress worn by contemporary ladies – as seen in A Woman by Robert Campin – but something more suited to a figure from biblical times. She seems to be reading a Bible, written in two columns with large red and blue initials marking different chapters. It is a luxurious volume: the fore-edges and clasps are gilded and it is covered with a white chemise, a kind of book jacket which was wrapped around special books to protect them. Look closely and you can see the stitching along the upper edge of the binding and the minuscule cord bookmarks wrapped around the pipe. The saint’s attribute, the pot containing the oil she used to anoint Christ’s feet, stands on the floor beside her, casting a strong shadow. By the Middle Ages Mary Magdalene had become a conflation of various biblical stories. The sinful woman who had washed Christ’s feet with her tears and anointed them with oil (Luke 7: 36–38) was combined with Mary of Bethany, sister of Lazarus, who ’seated herself at the Lord’s feet and listened to his word‘ (Luke 10: 38–42). She was understood as an example of the contemplative life. Through a window at the back of the room we can see a river winding lazily past, and people walking its banks. On the near bank an archer in a short purple robe and a red hat aims a crossbow. On the far side a man in red and black is followed by a woman in a black hat, white overdress kilted up over a red underdress; you can see her reflection in the water.
This painting was originally the lower right corner of what must have been a large altarpiece of the Virgin and Child with saints, painted for a church in Brussels. It was possibly one of van der Weyden’s first commissions after he settled there in 1435. A fifteenth-century sketch of it (now in the Nationalmuseum, Stockholm) allows us to reconstruct what it originally looked like. The man with the stick and the amber beads behind Mary is Saint Joseph; his head survives in the Fundaçāo Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon (along with the head of another female saint, perhaps Saint Catherine). The Virgin and Child would have been seated in the centre, with a youthful Saint John the Evangelist kneeling to their left – it is his toes and parts of his robe that survive in our painting. Saint Catherine and a standing bishop would have appeared on their right.
We don’t know when the altarpiece was cut up, but in the early nineteenth century the background around Mary Magdalene was painted over in brown (this was removed when the picture was cleaned in 1955). Technical analysis has shown no major changes between the underdrawing and the final painted version, so the composition must have been worked out fully in preliminary drawings. The underdrawing itself is very assured: the lines were boldly and quickly executed, and Mary was drawn freehand with great skill and clarity. Rogier and his assistants recycled several figures from the composition of which this once formed part in other paintings, and Mary herself appears in reverse in his Seven Sacraments Altarpiece (Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp). Rogier clearly made preliminary studies for the figures, and retained and reused them.
The extraordinary technical sophistication of the figures and landscape and the attention to detail are typical of van der Weyden. Mary’s lips are painted with various mixtures of vermilion, white and red lake, striped wet-in-wet into one another. For the fur edging of her dress, various tones of grey, from pure black to nearly pure white, were painted in parallel stripes and then dragged while still wet to produce the furry texture. Many of the details – the ruling of Mary’s book and its fine, coloured bookmarks, and a fleur-de-lis, just over 1 millimetre high, painted on the shoe of the archer by the river – must have been almost invisible when the painting was on its altar. Other areas – the cupboard (though not its metal fittings) and nail heads in the floor – are less carefully executed and could well be by assistants
For the test film of the Jupiter-9 lens I mounted it on the Leningrad camera (see below for detail about the lens and the camera). The lens was fitted with a generic yellow filter (screw-on 49mm) and a generic cylindrical metal shade hood designed for a 50mm lens. By safety, a lens cap fitted on the hood (55mm) was also used to protect the shutter curtains from an accidental sun burning (I forgot twice to remove the cap before shooting...)
I loaded the Leningrad with a Rollei RPX 400 film exposed for 250 ISO to compensate the absorption of the yellow filter. The light metering was done using a Minolta Autometer III with the 10° viewer for selective metering privileging the shadows areas.
The viewer of the Leningrad has build-in frame for the 85mm and is fully compensated for the parallax error.
View Nr. 28 : 1/500s f/11 focusing @ 15m
Les Quais du Rhône, February 17, 2025
Quai Victor Augagneur
69003 Lyon
France
After completion, the film was rewound and processed using 350 mL of Adox Adonal (Agfa Rodinal) developer prepared at the dilution 1+25 for 12min15 at 20°C.
Digitizing was made using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) fitted to a Minolta Auto Bellows III with the Minolta slide duplication accessory and Minolta Macro Bellow lens 1:3.5 f=50mm. The diffuse light source was a LED panel CineStill Cine-lite.
The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version available of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 14.2) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as printer files with a frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.
About the camera :
After several months, my local repair shop gave up to repair my first exemplary of Leningrad camera. I got that GOMZ Leningrad for less than the price of the lens (50€) a year ago (February 24, 2024, flic.kr/s/aHBqjBftyP) at the monthly collector meeting in Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, near Lyon, France. I looked then again for a working one.
Leningrad’s are fascinating Russian range-finder 35mm camera’s produced in Leningrad (USSR) / Saint-Petersburg, from 1956 to 1968 at about 76.000 units. It is not really a rare camera but appears only from time-to-time in the classical collector’s networks.
The Leningrad camera project was developed by GOMZ company (ГОМЗ, Государственный оптико-механический завод, Ленинград = Gosularstvennyi Optiko-Mekhanicheskii Zavod =State Optical-Mechanical Factory), Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad ’s were constructed to a very high degree of precision and likely the most advanced rangefinder ever made at that time in Russia. At the 1958 World Exposition in Brussels, the Leningrad was awarded the "Grand Prix de Bruxelles”. Modified Leningrads were also used in the Soviet space program. In addition to a complex parallax-compensated multi-focal (for 3.5, 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm) collimated system, the camera has a built-in spring-powered mechanical motor for an automated film advance after each view taken. The Leningrad mounts the 39mm Leica-type thread lenses, especially of the Jupiter series of lens derived of classical Carl Zeiss lenses designed for the Contax (Biogon 3.5cm and Sonnar’s 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm).
In 1965, GOMZ became LOMO ( ЛОМО, Ленинградское oптико-механическое oбъединение (Leningradskoïe Optiko-Mekhanitcheskoïe Obiedinienie) that is still existing, producing instrumental optical devices (www.lomo.ru).
On eBay, I focused on a LOMO Leningrad year 1965 in working condition but without the original film plate. I got the camera for 130€ including the leather bag and a standard lens Jupiter-8 1:2 f=5cm. The seller adapted cleanly a different film plate that looked to work, but my idea was to use the camera back of my faulty Leningrad. This film plate may a precision glass plate special designed for optimum film transport and optical planarity. I received my new Leningrad on January 31, 2025 in good condition.
After a very careful inspection and a detailled cleaning, I decided to make a test film using a FOMAPAN 200 black-and-white film. On the Leningrad it is said that there is absolutely no way to check the correct film advance during the shooting session. The rewind should not be up since the mechanical forces induced would be too high for the spring-powered spooling barrel. The film should be also in a quality not too tight film cartridge and should be checked before use. This stressful machine should be manipulated with maximum care when not familiar with it.
About the lens Jupiter-9:
New in my collection in Feb. 2025, this very popular lens Jupiter-9 1:2.8 f=85mm for my Zorki’s and Leningrad camera’s. The lens was produced in 1978 by the LZOS company (Лыткаринский завод Оптического Стекла , Lytkarino Zavod Optychisovo Sticklo) located in Lytkarino (about 100 km Noth to Moscow).
I sourced a clean exemplary in Germany at regular price given the popularity of the Jupiter-9 (170€) with the Leica 39mm thread mount, front and rear caps plus the lens black storage canister. The lens is popular especially among videographers due to its peculiar bokeh and perfectly round shaped diaphragm made of 15 blades.
Originally, the Jupiter 9 is based on the design of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar designed for the Zeiss Ikon Contax in the years 1930’s. Production began in USSR in 1948, when the lens was initially called the ЗК-85 (Sonnar Kransogorsk) and it was assembled using mostly German parts in Contax/Kiev mount. The lens was also adapted to Zorki (M39) mount to fit the Zorki cameras early in production It appears, for both Zorki and Kiev mount, in a 1949 catalogue. By 1951 the name changes to Jupiter 9 (Юпитер-9). The lens has seven glass elements in three groups; a single glass at the front, and two cemented groups of three. All versions of the lens are coated. It was made by the KMZ (Красногорский механический завод, Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod) and LZOS factories, in Leica 39 mm thread mount for Fed and Zorki rangefinders, but originally it was a Contax bayonet used in Kiev cameras. Jupiter-9 lenses were also made at the Arsenal factory in Ukraine, for Kiev rangefinders,but initially released as KMZ. It was later adapted for M42-mount Zenit SLR cameras, with an M24×1 thread mount.
Máy nén khí, máy sấy khí Jmec là một trong những thương hiệu số 1 tại Đài Loan. Được thành lập từ năm 1980, với hơn 40 năm đồng hành và phát triển, thương hiệu JMEC luôn được đông đảo khách hàng đón nhận. Đặc biệt là các sản phẩm máy sấy khí Jmec rất được ưa chuộng trên thị trường.
Máy sấy khí hấp thụ Jmec JHD 10 có vai trò tách hơi nước ra khỏi khí nén để làm khô khí nén, mức độ làm khô có thể đạt tới 99%. Các loại phụ tùng, phụ kiện và linh kiện được dùng để sản xuất nên máy sấy khí hấp thụ Jmec đều được nhập khẩu trực tiếp từ các những nhãn hàng nổi tiếng trên thế giới. Nên chất lượng sản phẩm khá ổn so với giá thành.
Thông số kỹ thuật của máy sấy khí hấp thụ Jmec JHD 10
Tên sản phẩm: máy sấy khí hấp thụ Jmec JHD 10
Model: Jmec JHD 10
Điểm sương: -70 °C
Lưu lượng: 1.6 m3/min
Đường ống kết nối: 3/4 inch
Kích thước: 850x850x1700mm
Khối lượng hạt hút ẩm: 35 kg
Khối lượng tịnh: 180 kg
Áp suất: 0.4-10 Mpa
Nhiệt độ khí đầu vào
Xem thêm: phutungbaotin.com/san-pham/may-say-khi-hap-thu-jmec-jhd10
Nike Air Max 1, ND, Have A Nike Day, GS, Size 7Y, Space Purple, Black, Bleached Coral, AT8131-001, UPC 00888409493087, Release Year 2018, tongue features "Have A Nike Day" textile eyelets, embroidered smiley face, mesh base, multi-color sole, White midsole, Woven tongue label, black Nike “Swoosh”, smiley face metal lace dubrae, smiley face logo on the heels, pastel-translucent outsole, Black overlays on the Swoosh and mudguard, Visible air sole unit, mesh and suede upper, pastel tones and smiley face logos, debut in 1987, Air-Sole unit, Air Max technology, impact absorption, runners
For the test film of the Jupiter-9 lens I mounted it on the Leningrad camera (see below for detail about the lens and the camera). The lens was fitted with a generic yellow filter (screw-on 49mm) and a generic cylindrical metal shade hood designed for a 50mm lens. By safety, a lens cap fitted on the hood (55mm) was also used to protect the shutter curtains from an accidental sun burning (I forgot twice to remove the cap before shooting...)
I loaded the Leningrad with a Rollei RPX 400 film exposed for 250 ISO to compensate the absorption of the yellow filter. The light metering was done using a Minolta Autometer III with the 10° viewer for selective metering privileging the shadows areas.
The viewer of the Leningrad has build-in frame for the 85mm and is fully compensated for the parallax error.
View Nr. 23 : 1/250s f/11 focusing @ 30m
Le "Mistral" sur le Rhône au Pont Wilson, February 17, 2025
69003 Lyon
France
After completion, the film was rewound and processed using 350 mL of Adox Adonal (Agfa Rodinal) developer prepared at the dilution 1+25 for 12min15 at 20°C.
Digitizing was made using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) fitted to a Minolta Auto Bellows III with the Minolta slide duplication accessory and Minolta Macro Bellow lens 1:3.5 f=50mm. The diffuse light source was a LED panel CineStill Cine-lite.
The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version available of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 14.2) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as printer files with a frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.
About the camera :
After several months, my local repair shop gave up to repair my first exemplary of Leningrad camera. I got that GOMZ Leningrad for less than the price of the lens (50€) a year ago (February 24, 2024, flic.kr/s/aHBqjBftyP) at the monthly collector meeting in Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, near Lyon, France. I looked then again for a working one.
Leningrad’s are fascinating Russian range-finder 35mm camera’s produced in Leningrad (USSR) / Saint-Petersburg, from 1956 to 1968 at about 76.000 units. It is not really a rare camera but appears only from time-to-time in the classical collector’s networks.
The Leningrad camera project was developed by GOMZ company (ГОМЗ, Государственный оптико-механический завод, Ленинград = Gosularstvennyi Optiko-Mekhanicheskii Zavod =State Optical-Mechanical Factory), Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad ’s were constructed to a very high degree of precision and likely the most advanced rangefinder ever made at that time in Russia. At the 1958 World Exposition in Brussels, the Leningrad was awarded the "Grand Prix de Bruxelles”. Modified Leningrads were also used in the Soviet space program. In addition to a complex parallax-compensated multi-focal (for 3.5, 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm) collimated system, the camera has a built-in spring-powered mechanical motor for an automated film advance after each view taken. The Leningrad mounts the 39mm Leica-type thread lenses, especially of the Jupiter series of lens derived of classical Carl Zeiss lenses designed for the Contax (Biogon 3.5cm and Sonnar’s 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm).
In 1965, GOMZ became LOMO ( ЛОМО, Ленинградское oптико-механическое oбъединение (Leningradskoïe Optiko-Mekhanitcheskoïe Obiedinienie) that is still existing, producing instrumental optical devices (www.lomo.ru).
On eBay, I focused on a LOMO Leningrad year 1965 in working condition but without the original film plate. I got the camera for 130€ including the leather bag and a standard lens Jupiter-8 1:2 f=5cm. The seller adapted cleanly a different film plate that looked to work, but my idea was to use the camera back of my faulty Leningrad. This film plate may a precision glass plate special designed for optimum film transport and optical planarity. I received my new Leningrad on January 31, 2025 in good condition.
After a very careful inspection and a detailled cleaning, I decided to make a test film using a FOMAPAN 200 black-and-white film. On the Leningrad it is said that there is absolutely no way to check the correct film advance during the shooting session. The rewind should not be up since the mechanical forces induced would be too high for the spring-powered spooling barrel. The film should be also in a quality not too tight film cartridge and should be checked before use. This stressful machine should be manipulated with maximum care when not familiar with it.
About the lens Jupiter-9:
New in my collection in Feb. 2025, this very popular lens Jupiter-9 1:2.8 f=85mm for my Zorki’s and Leningrad camera’s. The lens was produced in 1978 by the LZOS company (Лыткаринский завод Оптического Стекла , Lytkarino Zavod Optychisovo Sticklo) located in Lytkarino (about 100 km Noth to Moscow).
I sourced a clean exemplary in Germany at regular price given the popularity of the Jupiter-9 (170€) with the Leica 39mm thread mount, front and rear caps plus the lens black storage canister. The lens is popular especially among videographers due to its peculiar bokeh and perfectly round shaped diaphragm made of 15 blades.
Originally, the Jupiter 9 is based on the design of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar designed for the Zeiss Ikon Contax in the years 1930’s. Production began in USSR in 1948, when the lens was initially called the ЗК-85 (Sonnar Kransogorsk) and it was assembled using mostly German parts in Contax/Kiev mount. The lens was also adapted to Zorki (M39) mount to fit the Zorki cameras early in production It appears, for both Zorki and Kiev mount, in a 1949 catalogue. By 1951 the name changes to Jupiter 9 (Юпитер-9). The lens has seven glass elements in three groups; a single glass at the front, and two cemented groups of three. All versions of the lens are coated. It was made by the KMZ (Красногорский механический завод, Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod) and LZOS factories, in Leica 39 mm thread mount for Fed and Zorki rangefinders, but originally it was a Contax bayonet used in Kiev cameras. Jupiter-9 lenses were also made at the Arsenal factory in Ukraine, for Kiev rangefinders,but initially released as KMZ. It was later adapted for M42-mount Zenit SLR cameras, with an M24×1 thread mount.
Main Street, Gloucester - 1917
John Sloan (American, 1871 - 1951)
Sloan spent each summer from 1914 to 1918 in the small Cape Ann, Massachusetts, town of Gloucester. This work, executed during the fourth summer, reveals an aesthetic sophistication stimulated by the artist's absorption of the 1913 Armory Show's provocative presentation of avant-garde and modernist art. That landmark exhibition, coupled with those he helped to organize for The Eight in 1908 and the Exhibition of Independent Artists in 1910, inspired Sloan to explore a constellation of new ideas and methods. The body of work he created during the Gloucester years speaks of a renewed rigor as well as an intrepid and vigorous spirit of experimentation that would endure throughout his career.(1)
Initially, “Main Street, Gloucester” captivates as one of Sloan's distinctive "city-life" pictures, for which he garnered an enormous reputation. In the decade and a half preceding this painting's creation, his keen powers of observation, selection, and rendering were honed through his work as an illustrator, etcher, and painter of the urban scene. Yet his production during the Gloucester period represented a fundamental shift in his methods of conception and execution.
I had been dependent on waiting for the inspiration to paint a picture because I had so little leisure time to work for myself. So I decided to save up enough money to take off for a few months, go to the country and work from nature to get fresh ideas about plastic design and color rhythms.(2)
Thus issues of pure painting, rather than subject, motivated his work at this time.
This redirection toward plasticity, design, and color resulted from Sloan's thoughtful analysis of the work of what he called the "ultra-moderns" at the Armory Show. Sloan recalled the impact of that landmark exhibition: "It was exciting, it pointed many ways to freedom of expression, color, texture, most of all “graphics”. It pointed the way back to mental rather than visual thinking."(3) He credited the works of Cézanne, Matisse, and Van Gogh, among others, as powerful antidotes for the disease of "clever eyesight painting," the scourge of art production and consumption since the advent of photography.(4) He wrote: "Many intelligent people have accepted the false idea that accuracy in representing visual facts is a sign of progress in art. Such imitation of superficial effects has nothing to do with art, which is and always has been the making of mental concepts."(5)
Sloan's summers in Gloucester precipitated the auspicious convergence of several paths of inquiry in his own work. Using color as a constructive, expressive element in painting had been one of his preoccupations since 1909, when Robert Henri introduced him to Hardesty Maratta's experimental color system. Through it, Sloan had moved away from a dark tonal palette by increasing the presence of bright vivid colors. Maratta's system was predicated on the analogous relationship of the twelve colors in the chromatic wheel to notes in an octave of music.(6) The careful, precise orchestration of notes, chords, and harmonies was facilitated through the use of a set palette of premixed colors. With this palette, Sloan was confident that he could maintain the continuity of a painting's colors as he worked on it over time:
These Maratta colors opened up the palette for me. I had been analyzing the color of the city streets and the few things I painted from the model, in terms of color changes away from a basic raw umber note. With the Maratta colors I had six, twelve color-hues to work with, and from there could think of branching up into notes of higher intensity.(7)
His use of the Maratta system was given fresh impetus when he coupled it with plein-air techniques. The genre of landscape provided a comfortable arena in which to experiment with color that was often somewhat antinaturalistic. "After selecting the subject I would take half an hour to set my palette. Then I would pick up those set tones and draw with paint. Instead of imitating the colors in nature, I decided on some quality of color that interested me and set a limited palette."(8) His deep sympathy for humanity prevented his taking too many liberties with human subjects. "There is no better subject [than landscape] to free one of color habits. The variety in nature offers new color combinations, new ideas. You also feel more free to take liberties with color in nature than when painting from the figure."(9)
In “Main Street, Gloucester” Sloan effectively merged plein-air techniques with his exploration of color rhythms and plastic design. Through the skilled massing and organization of form, volume, and color, he devised a composition that is at once stable and balanced yet highly animated. By the artist's criteria for a successful composition, “Main Street, Gloucester” is a successful work. "A good design has stability. It is at rest with itself. Sense the opposition of horizontal and vertical rhythms to the dynamic movement of diagonal curves. Feel the weight of tones and colors, balance and counterbalance them against line and mass."
Born in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, John Sloan was the first child and only surviving son of Henrietta Ireland, a former school teacher, and James Dixon Sloan, who repaired bicycles and worked as a photographer after the decline of his family's cabinetry business. Sloan's childhood was spent reading, sketching, and pouring over illustrated books. He attended Philadelphia's prestigious collegiate Central High School with fellow students William Glackens and Albert Barnes. In 1888 Sloan left school just six months shy of graduation, to become the family's primary breadwinner.
Sloan took a job as a cashier at Porter and Coates' bookstore and continued his education by reading and studying prints. He taught himself to etch using Philip Hamerton's “Etcher's Handbook” (1881), a popular "how-to" manual, and supplemented his income by selling prints at the bookshop. When A. Edward Newton, one of his co-workers, left to open his own store, he hired Sloan to etch giftbooks and pamphlets. At this time, Sloan made his first oil painting, “Self-Portrait” (1890; Delaware Art Museum, Wilmington), using another "how-to" book, John Collier's “Manual of Oil Painting” (1886), and painting on a piece of window shade his father gave him.
During the 1890s Sloan worked as an illustrator for the “Philadelphia Inquirer” and the “Philadelphia Press”, honing his skills as an astute "spectator of life." Fellow illustrators Glackens, George Luks, and Everett Shinn introduced him to a circle of artists, including Robert Henri, who soon became his close friend and mentor. Their shared aspirations to infuse American art with vitality and release it from the tyranny of the conservative academic system of juried exhibitions and prizes led them to form the group known as The Eight. Their landmark exhibition of 1908 established Sloan's career as an artist, exhibition organizer, and forward-thinking modernist.
Sloan's earliest paintings, many executed in a limited palette, are indebted to the figurative traditions of James McNeill Whistler, Thomas Eakins, and Thomas P. Anshutz. Sloan moved to New York in 1904 and took up the city-life subjects that distinguished his ensuing career. His spirit of artistic exploration, fed by the 1913 Armory Show and summer sojourns to the art colonies of Gloucester (1914-18) and Santa Fe (1919-50), led him to experiment with color, glazing, and a graphic painting technique that he called "linework."
From 1900 until his death, Sloan's paintings, etchings, and drawings were exhibited in nearly nine hundred exhibitions, including those at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, Art Institute of Chicago, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Whitney Studio Club and C. W. Kraushaar Art Galleries. “The Gist of Art” (1939), written with his student Helen Farr (later, Mrs. John Sloan), stands as a thoughtful and eminently readable compendium of his ideas and practices. Happily, Sloan's numerous contributions to the arts and to art education were recognized and celebrated in the decade before his death.
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"Acknowledged as the first museum in the world dedicated solely to collecting American art, the NBMAA is renowned for its preeminent collection spanning three centuries of American history. The award-winning Chase Family Building, which opened in 2006 to critical and public acclaim, features 15 spacious galleries which showcase the permanent collection and upwards of 25 special exhibitions a year featuring American masters, emerging artists and private collections. Education and community outreach programs for all ages include docent-led school and adult tours, teacher services, studio classes and vacation programs, Art Happy Hour gallery talks, lectures, symposia, concerts, film, monthly First Friday jazz evenings, quarterly Museum After Dark parties for young professionals, and the annual Juneteenth celebration. Enjoy Café on the Park for a light lunch prepared by “Best Caterer in Connecticut” Jordan Caterers. Visit the Museum Shop for unique gifts. Drop by the “ArtLab” learning gallery with your little ones. Gems not to be missed include Thomas Hart Benton’s murals “The Arts of Life in America,” “The Cycle of Terror and Tragedy, September 11, 2001” by Graydon Parrish,” and Dale Chihuly’s “Blue and Beyond Blue” spectacular chandelier. Called “a destination for art lovers everywhere,” “first-class,” “a full-size, transparent temple of art, mixing New York ambience with Yankee ingenuity and all-American beauty,” the NBMAA is not to be missed."
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The NBMAA collection represents the major artists and movements of American art. Today it numbers about 8,274 paintings, works on paper, sculptures, and photographs, including the Sanford B.D. Low Illustration Collection, which features important works by illustrators such as Norman Rockwell, Howard Pyle, and Maxfield Parrish.
Among collection highlights are colonial and federal portraits, with examples by John Smibert, John Trumbull, John Singleton Copley, Gilbert Stuart, and the Peale family. The Hudson River School features landscapes by Thomas Cole, Asher B. Durand, Martin Johnson Heade, John Kensett, Albert Bierstadt, and Frederic Church. Still life painters range from Raphaelle Peale, Severin Roesen, William Harnett, John Peto, John Haberle, and John La Farge. American genre painting is represented by John Quidor, William Sidney Mount, and Lilly Martin Spencer. Post-Civil War examples include works by Winslow Homer, Thomas Eakins, John Singer Sargent, George de Forest Brush, and William Paxton, and 19 plasters and bronzes by Solon Borglum. American Impressionists include Mary Cassatt, Theodore Robinson, John Henry Twachtman, J. Alden Weir, Willard Metcalf, and Childe Hassam, the last represented by eleven oils. Later Impressionist paintings include those by Ernest Lawson, Frederck Frieseke, Louis Ritman, Robert Miller, and Maurice Prendergast.
Other strengths of the twentieth-century collection include: sixty works by members of the Ash Can School; significant representation by early modernists such as Alfred Maurer, Marsden Hartley, John Marin, Georgia O’Keeffe, and Max Weber; important examples by the Precisionists Charles Demuth, Charles Sheeler, Preston Dickinson, and Ralston Crawford; a broad spectrum of work by the Social Realists Ben Shahn, Romare Bearden, Jacob Lawrence, and Jack Levine; and ambitious examples of Regionalist painting by Grant Wood, John Steuart Curry, and Thomas Hart Benton, notably the latter’s celebrated five-panel mural, The Arts of Life in America (1932).
Works by the American Abstract Artist group (Stuart Davis, Ilya Bolotowsky, Esphyr Slobodkina, Balcomb Greene, and Milton Avery) give twentieth-century abstraction its place in the collection, as do later examples of Surrealism by artists Kay Sage and George Tooker; Abstract Expressionism (Lee Krasner, Giorgio Cavallon, Morris Graves, Robert Motherwell, Sam Francis, Cleve Gray), Pop and Op art (Andy Warhol, Larry Rivers, Robert Indiana, Tom Wesselman, Jim Dine), Conceptual (Christo, Sol LeWitt), and Photo-Realism (Robert Cottingham). Examples of twentieth-century sculpture include Harriet Frishmuth, Paul Manship, Isamu Noguchi, George Segal, and Stephen DeStaebler. We continue to acquire contemporary works by notable artists, in order to best represent the dynamic and evolving narrative of American art.
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For the test film of the Jupiter-9 lens I mounted it on the Leningrad camera (see below for detail about the lens and the camera). The lens was fitted with a generic yellow filter (screw-on 49mm) and a generic cylindrical metal shade hood designed for a 50mm lens. By safety, a lens cap fitted on the hood (55mm) was also used to protect the shutter curtains from an accidental sun burning (I forgot twice to remove the cap before shooting...)
I loaded the Leningrad with a Rollei RPX 400 film exposed for 250 ISO to compensate the absorption of the yellow filter. The light metering was done using a Minolta Autometer III with the 10° viewer for selective metering privileging the shadows areas.
The viewer of the Leningrad has build-in frame for the 85mm and is fully compensated for the parallax error.
View Nr. 17 : 1/250s f/6.3 focusing @ 10.5m
Le "Mistral" sur le Rhône au Pont Wilson, February 17, 2025
69003 Lyon
France
After completion, the film was rewound and processed using 350 mL of Adox Adonal (Agfa Rodinal) developer prepared at the dilution 1+25 for 12min15 at 20°C.
Digitizing was made using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) fitted to a Minolta Auto Bellows III with the Minolta slide duplication accessory and Minolta Macro Bellow lens 1:3.5 f=50mm. The diffuse light source was a LED panel CineStill Cine-lite.
The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version available of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 14.2) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as printer files with a frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.
About the camera :
After several months, my local repair shop gave up to repair my first exemplary of Leningrad camera. I got that GOMZ Leningrad for less than the price of the lens (50€) a year ago (February 24, 2024, flic.kr/s/aHBqjBftyP) at the monthly collector meeting in Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, near Lyon, France. I looked then again for a working one.
Leningrad’s are fascinating Russian range-finder 35mm camera’s produced in Leningrad (USSR) / Saint-Petersburg, from 1956 to 1968 at about 76.000 units. It is not really a rare camera but appears only from time-to-time in the classical collector’s networks.
The Leningrad camera project was developed by GOMZ company (ГОМЗ, Государственный оптико-механический завод, Ленинград = Gosularstvennyi Optiko-Mekhanicheskii Zavod =State Optical-Mechanical Factory), Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad ’s were constructed to a very high degree of precision and likely the most advanced rangefinder ever made at that time in Russia. At the 1958 World Exposition in Brussels, the Leningrad was awarded the "Grand Prix de Bruxelles”. Modified Leningrads were also used in the Soviet space program. In addition to a complex parallax-compensated multi-focal (for 3.5, 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm) collimated system, the camera has a built-in spring-powered mechanical motor for an automated film advance after each view taken. The Leningrad mounts the 39mm Leica-type thread lenses, especially of the Jupiter series of lens derived of classical Carl Zeiss lenses designed for the Contax (Biogon 3.5cm and Sonnar’s 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm).
In 1965, GOMZ became LOMO ( ЛОМО, Ленинградское oптико-механическое oбъединение (Leningradskoïe Optiko-Mekhanitcheskoïe Obiedinienie) that is still existing, producing instrumental optical devices (www.lomo.ru).
On eBay, I focused on a LOMO Leningrad year 1965 in working condition but without the original film plate. I got the camera for 130€ including the leather bag and a standard lens Jupiter-8 1:2 f=5cm. The seller adapted cleanly a different film plate that looked to work, but my idea was to use the camera back of my faulty Leningrad. This film plate may a precision glass plate special designed for optimum film transport and optical planarity. I received my new Leningrad on January 31, 2025 in good condition.
After a very careful inspection and a detailled cleaning, I decided to make a test film using a FOMAPAN 200 black-and-white film. On the Leningrad it is said that there is absolutely no way to check the correct film advance during the shooting session. The rewind should not be up since the mechanical forces induced would be too high for the spring-powered spooling barrel. The film should be also in a quality not too tight film cartridge and should be checked before use. This stressful machine should be manipulated with maximum care when not familiar with it.
About the lens Jupiter-9:
New in my collection in Feb. 2025, this very popular lens Jupiter-9 1:2.8 f=85mm for my Zorki’s and Leningrad camera’s. The lens was produced in 1978 by the LZOS company (Лыткаринский завод Оптического Стекла , Lytkarino Zavod Optychisovo Sticklo) located in Lytkarino (about 100 km Noth to Moscow).
I sourced a clean exemplary in Germany at regular price given the popularity of the Jupiter-9 (170€) with the Leica 39mm thread mount, front and rear caps plus the lens black storage canister. The lens is popular especially among videographers due to its peculiar bokeh and perfectly round shaped diaphragm made of 15 blades.
Originally, the Jupiter 9 is based on the design of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar designed for the Zeiss Ikon Contax in the years 1930’s. Production began in USSR in 1948, when the lens was initially called the ЗК-85 (Sonnar Kransogorsk) and it was assembled using mostly German parts in Contax/Kiev mount. The lens was also adapted to Zorki (M39) mount to fit the Zorki cameras early in production It appears, for both Zorki and Kiev mount, in a 1949 catalogue. By 1951 the name changes to Jupiter 9 (Юпитер-9). The lens has seven glass elements in three groups; a single glass at the front, and two cemented groups of three. All versions of the lens are coated. It was made by the KMZ (Красногорский механический завод, Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod) and LZOS factories, in Leica 39 mm thread mount for Fed and Zorki rangefinders, but originally it was a Contax bayonet used in Kiev cameras. Jupiter-9 lenses were also made at the Arsenal factory in Ukraine, for Kiev rangefinders,but initially released as KMZ. It was later adapted for M42-mount Zenit SLR cameras, with an M24×1 thread mount.
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For the test film of the Jupiter-9 lens I mounted it on the Leningrad camera (see below for detail about the lens and the camera). The lens was fitted with a generic yellow filter (screw-on 49mm) and a generic cylindrical metal shade hood designed for a 50mm lens. By safety, a lens cap fitted on the hood (55mm) was also used to protect the shutter curtains from an accidental sun burning (I forgot twice to remove the cap before shooting...)
I loaded the Leningrad with a Rollei RPX 400 film exposed for 250 ISO to compensate the absorption of the yellow filter. The light metering was done using a Minolta Autometer III with the 10° viewer for selective metering privileging the shadows areas.
The viewer of the Leningrad has build-in frame for the 85mm and is fully compensated for the parallax error.
View Nr. 1 : 1/250s f/9- focusing @ 30m
Les Quais du Rhône, February 17, 2025
Quai du Général Sarrail
69006 Lyon
France
After completion, the film was rewound and processed using 350 mL of Adox Adonal (Agfa Rodinal) developer prepared at the dilution 1+25 for 12min15 at 20°C.
Digitizing was made using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) fitted to a Minolta Auto Bellows III with the Minolta slide duplication accessory and Minolta Macro Bellow lens 1:3.5 f=50mm. The diffuse light source was a LED panel CineStill Cine-lite.
The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version available of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 14.2) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as printer files with a frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.
About the camera :
After several months, my local repair shop gave up to repair my first exemplary of Leningrad camera. I got that GOMZ Leningrad for less than the price of the lens (50€) a year ago (February 24, 2024, flic.kr/s/aHBqjBftyP) at the monthly collector meeting in Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, near Lyon, France. I looked then again for a working one.
Leningrad’s are fascinating Russian range-finder 35mm camera’s produced in Leningrad (USSR) / Saint-Petersburg, from 1956 to 1968 at about 76.000 units. It is not really a rare camera but appears only from time-to-time in the classical collector’s networks.
The Leningrad camera project was developed by GOMZ company (ГОМЗ, Государственный оптико-механический завод, Ленинград = Gosularstvennyi Optiko-Mekhanicheskii Zavod =State Optical-Mechanical Factory), Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad ’s were constructed to a very high degree of precision and likely the most advanced rangefinder ever made at that time in Russia. At the 1958 World Exposition in Brussels, the Leningrad was awarded the "Grand Prix de Bruxelles”. Modified Leningrads were also used in the Soviet space program. In addition to a complex parallax-compensated multi-focal (for 3.5, 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm) collimated system, the camera has a built-in spring-powered mechanical motor for an automated film advance after each view taken. The Leningrad mounts the 39mm Leica-type thread lenses, especially of the Jupiter series of lens derived of classical Carl Zeiss lenses designed for the Contax (Biogon 3.5cm and Sonnar’s 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm).
In 1965, GOMZ became LOMO ( ЛОМО, Ленинградское oптико-механическое oбъединение (Leningradskoïe Optiko-Mekhanitcheskoïe Obiedinienie) that is still existing, producing instrumental optical devices (www.lomo.ru).
On eBay, I focused on a LOMO Leningrad year 1965 in working condition but without the original film plate. I got the camera for 130€ including the leather bag and a standard lens Jupiter-8 1:2 f=5cm. The seller adapted cleanly a different film plate that looked to work, but my idea was to use the camera back of my faulty Leningrad. This film plate may a precision glass plate special designed for optimum film transport and optical planarity. I received my new Leningrad on January 31, 2025 in good condition.
After a very careful inspection and a detailled cleaning, I decided to make a test film using a FOMAPAN 200 black-and-white film. On the Leningrad it is said that there is absolutely no way to check the correct film advance during the shooting session. The rewind should not be up since the mechanical forces induced would be too high for the spring-powered spooling barrel. The film should be also in a quality not too tight film cartridge and should be checked before use. This stressful machine should be manipulated with maximum care when not familiar with it.
About the lens Jupiter-9:
New in my collection in Feb. 2025, this very popular lens Jupiter-9 1:2.8 f=85mm for my Zorki’s and Leningrad camera’s. The lens was produced in 1978 by the LZOS company (Лыткаринский завод Оптического Стекла , Lytkarino Zavod Optychisovo Sticklo) located in Lytkarino (about 100 km Noth to Moscow).
I sourced a clean exemplary in Germany at regular price given the popularity of the Jupiter-9 (170€) with the Leica 39mm thread mount, front and rear caps plus the lens black storage canister. The lens is popular especially among videographers due to its peculiar bokeh and perfectly round shaped diaphragm made of 15 blades.
Originally, the Jupiter 9 is based on the design of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar designed for the Zeiss Ikon Contax in the years 1930’s. Production began in USSR in 1948, when the lens was initially called the ЗК-85 (Sonnar Kransogorsk) and it was assembled using mostly German parts in Contax/Kiev mount. The lens was also adapted to Zorki (M39) mount to fit the Zorki cameras early in production It appears, for both Zorki and Kiev mount, in a 1949 catalogue. By 1951 the name changes to Jupiter 9 (Юпитер-9). The lens has seven glass elements in three groups; a single glass at the front, and two cemented groups of three. All versions of the lens are coated. It was made by the KMZ (Красногорский механический завод, Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod) and LZOS factories, in Leica 39 mm thread mount for Fed and Zorki rangefinders, but originally it was a Contax bayonet used in Kiev cameras. Jupiter-9 lenses were also made at the Arsenal factory in Ukraine, for Kiev rangefinders,but initially released as KMZ. It was later adapted for M42-mount Zenit SLR cameras, with an M24×1 thread mount.
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