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️ Nikopolis ad Istrum was an Ancient Roman and Early Byzantine town, the ruins of which are located 20 km north of Veliko Tarnovo in Bulgaria.
⚔️ The site was at the junction of the Yantra and the Rositsa rivers, where in the winter of 102 AD, the Roman army under Emperor Trajan had been gathered in readiness for their attack against the Scytho-Sarmatian tribe of Roxolani that lived north of the Danube and were allied to the Dacians.
📖 The city was founded afterwards around 102–106, as indicated on Trajan’s Column, in memory of his victory in the Dacian Wars over the Roxolani and also later victories in 105. It was initially named Ulpia Nicopolis ad Istrum, meaning: “The City of Victory [situated] near the Danube (Ister)”.
📖 Trajan clearly intended it to become a great city which is gradually being verified. Down the years of its bloom Nikopolis Ad Istrum was among the main centers of culture on the lands between the Balkan Mountains and the Danube River, distinguished for its striking magnificence that used to amaze the contemporaries of that time. An important trade center of Moesia which also minted its own coins. The monumental character of the city dates mainly to Hadrian (117 to 138), Antoninus Pius (138–161) and the Severan dynasty (193–235).
📜 In the 4th century, the Gothic bishop, missionary and translator Ulfilas (Wulfila) obtained permission from Emperor Constantius II to immigrate with his flock of converts to Moesia and settle near Nicopolis ad Istrum in 347–348. There, he devised the Gothic alphabet and oversaw the translation of the Bible from Greek to Gothic, which was performed by a group of scholars.
⚔️ In 447, the town was destroyed by Attila's Huns. After the Huns' invasion, new high and strong walls were built adjoining the southern wall of the old city. The new city had an area of 1/4 of the original city enclosing little more than military buildings and churches. The town became an episcopal centre during the early Byzantine period.
🇧🇬 The city was raided by the Avars, Bulgars and Slavs in the late 7th c. during the Avar–Byzantine wars. A small Bulgarian settlement later arose upon its ruins (8th–14th century).
️The town had a statue of Trajan on horseback as well as other marble statues and an Ionic colonnade. A temple of Cybele, a small odeon, thermae (public baths). A unique public building, called ''Thermoperipatos'', has been identified only in Nicopolis ad Istrum so far, out of all cities in the Roman Empire. It is like a three-nave basilica. The whole building was heated and full with shops and enclosed space for walks and business meetings. The city was supplied by three aqueducts and had several water wells, many of which have been unearthed in archaeological excavations. Many finds are on display in the Veliko Tarnovo Regional Museum of History.
#byzantine #roman #sarmatian #scythians #dacians #thracians #nikopolis #nicopolisadistrum #danube #ister #romanempire #bulgars #slavs #easterneurope #balkans #maritsa #trajan #trayan
Underwater Odyssey snorkeling-tour in Pattaya on April-22-2024
One of the best for observing the tropical underwater world, guided snorkeling tour from Pattaya City to Samae Sarn National Park. In the first half of the day there will be a speed boat trip with snorkeling near a group of uninhabited islands, where Nemo fish and sea turtles live. And secondary, after a delicious lunch - time to relax at Hat Nang Ram, the beach in Sattahip. Snorkeling equipment, meal and transfer are provided.
Reserve excursion in Pattaya online +668-3838-3539
Details and reservation online: thai-online.tours
ALL THINGS TO DO IN PATTAYA
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Reserve excursions in Pattaya online +668-3838-3539
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acrylic on collage of papers, gessoed
image size: 14 X 24
2011
$760
You have to stop on the Briscoe Bridge to get this shot of the Corning icons - the Little Joe Tower, Corning Inc. Headquarters and the Centerway Bridge. And that is just what I did.
Wilco & Speedy Ortiz performed at Edgefield Concerts on the Lawn August 9, 2015.
Photo by Kim Nguyen-van Zoen
Students at Fowler High School and the Public Service Leadership Academy (PSLA) at Fowler performed "In the Heights" as their spring musical. Photo by John Berry.
The house on the right is known as the "House at the Minute." A UNESCO World Heritage Site: Historic Center of Prague.
at the 2018 Department of Defense Warrior Games Cycling Road Races at the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colo. June 6, 2018. The Warrior Games are a Paralympic-style annual competition, established in 2010, to provide adaptive sports opportunities for wounded, ill and injured service members from all U.S. service branches and international military teams. (DOD Photo By: Marc Piscotty)