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Resulta difícil establecer las tendencias de precipitación de los Andes debido a la falta de registros de observación fiables y a largo plazo y a la variabilidad, por lo general alta, de las precipitaciones anuales (Vuille et al., 2018). Varios estudios revelan una intensificación de las precipitaciones, frente al aumento de la frecuencia o duración de los días húmedos, lo que se traduce básicamente en un cambio de la variación estacional y una mayor ocurrencia de los fenómenos de lluvia extrema (por ejemplo, de los Milagros Skansi et al., 2013; Castino et al., 2017; Vuille et al., 2018). Sin embargo, la precipitación anual puede cambiar de forma notable, con una reducción o un aumento importante de los volúmenes anuales, en función de la ubicación y de la influencia de los fenómenos de ENSO (por ejemplo, Heidinger et al., 2018; Ruiz et al., 2017; Lenaerts et al., 2014; Garreaud, 2009).
For any form of publication, please include the link to this page: www.grida.no/publications/407
This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Riccardo Pravettoni
Andes Mint Cookies
1 box of any chocolate cake mix (I used Betty Crocker’s Chocolate Cake Mix)
1 cup chocolate chips
1/2 cup oil
2 eggs
1 package of Andes Mints
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Combine cake mix, chocolate chips, oil, and eggs. Drop small spoonfuls of the batter onto an ungreased cookie sheet and bake for 8-10 minutes. While the cookies are in the oven, break the Andes Mints in half. When the cookies are done, drop half a mint on top of each cookie. Let them sit for 1-2 minutes, and then swirl the mints with your finger or a toothpick to create the icing.
While most glaciers around the globe have been shrinking since the end of a cold period at the beginning of the 18th Century, referred to as the Little Ice Age (Vuille et al., 2018; Zemp et al., 2015), the recent rapid retreat of glaciers in the Andes has been linked to anthropogenic climate change (Marzeion et al., 2014). Glaciers are sensitive indicators of climate change as they respond rapidly to temperature and precipitation changes. The rapid retreat of tropical glaciers is considered to be one of the most visible indicators of global warming (Vuille et al., 2008). The amount of glacial retreat varies, but small glaciers are most vulnerable and many in the Andes have already disappeared.
For any form of publication, please include the link to this page: www.grida.no/publications/407
This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Riccardo Pravettoni
NJCU’s 18th annual “Festival of the Andes,” an outdoor festival celebrating the indigenous highland cultures of Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Chile, and Colombia, will feature: live Andean music and performances by various dance troupes; musical instrument and dance workshops; displays of native clothing and Andean arts and crafts;
Numerous studies have reported significant warming and a resulting glacier melting over the last decades. There is also growing evidence of altitude amplification, meaning that the rate of warming increases with elevation, resulting in high mountain regions experiencing faster than average temperature changes (Pepin et al., 2015; Urrutia and Vuille, 2009). The mean annual temperature in the countries of the northern Andes (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) has increased by ~0.8°C during the 20th century (Marengo et al., 2011).
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This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Riccardo Pravettoni
Glacial meltwater plays a vital role to societies and economies across the Andean countries, for example, by providing supplies for domestic use water, including drinking and sanitation water. Andean agriculture is also dependent on glacial meltwater, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of some of the Andean countries such as Peru and Bolivia. The decrease in glacier runoff is therefore likely to produce water stress and affect agricultural production and food security within certain areas (Young & Lipton, 2006).
For any form of publication, please include the link to this page: www.grida.no/publications/407
This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Riccardo Pravettoni