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Quito (Ecuador), 12 de marzo 2013. El Canciller Ricardo Patiño ofreció una entrevista a Andes, EFE y Reuters. Foto: Fernanda LeMarie - Cancillería del Ecuador.
Populations within the seven Andean countries have been steadily urbanising for decades, and the total urban population now ranges from 63.9 per cent in Ecuador to 91.8 per cent in Argentina (United Nations Population Division, 2014). The reasons for the urbanisation are multifaceted, including poverty in the rural areas, temporarily or seasonal livelihood opportunities, and internal displacement as a consequence of insecurity issues (Castles, de Haas & Miller, 2014; Grau & Aide, 2007). Rural populations are also drawn to cities due to improved living conditions, which can include higher income, lower infant mortality and longer life expectancy (Grau & Aide, 2007).
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This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Riccardo Pravettoni
Resulta difícil establecer las tendencias de precipitación de los Andes debido a la falta de registros de observación fiables y a largo plazo y a la variabilidad, por lo general alta, de las precipitaciones anuales (Vuille et al., 2018). Varios estudios revelan una intensificación de las precipitaciones, frente al aumento de la frecuencia o duración de los días húmedos, lo que se traduce básicamente en un cambio de la variación estacional y una mayor ocurrencia de los fenómenos de lluvia extrema (por ejemplo, de los Milagros Skansi et al., 2013; Castino et al., 2017; Vuille et al., 2018). Sin embargo, la precipitación anual puede cambiar de forma notable, con una reducción o un aumento importante de los volúmenes anuales, en función de la ubicación y de la influencia de los fenómenos de ENSO (por ejemplo, Heidinger et al., 2018; Ruiz et al., 2017; Lenaerts et al., 2014; Garreaud, 2009).
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This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Riccardo Pravettoni
Yo, la Andreita, Marco Skármeta y don Juan Pablo Ramos, encaramados en el torreón que corresponde a los 4.377 mts de altitud de la cumbre del Moai.
Precipitation trends in the Andes are difficult to identify, due to the lack of reliable long-term observational records and the generally high variability in annual precipitation (Vuille et al., 2018). A number of studies reveal an intensification of rainfall, as opposed to an increase in frequency or duration of wet days, basically translating in a change in seasonality and an increase in extreme rainfall events (e.g. de los Milagros Skansi et al., 2013; Castino et al., 2017; Vuille et al., 2018). However, yearly precipitation can vary markedly with both severe reduction or increase in annual volumes, depending on location and influenced by ENSO events (e.g. Heidinger et al., 2018; Ruiz et al., 2017; Lenaerts et al., 2014; Garreaud, 2009).
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This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Riccardo Pravettoni
While most glaciers around the globe have been shrinking since the end of a cold period at the beginning of the 18th Century, referred to as the Little Ice Age (Vuille et al., 2018; Zemp et al., 2015), the recent rapid retreat of glaciers in the Andes has been linked to anthropogenic climate change (Marzeion et al., 2014). Glaciers are sensitive indicators of climate change as they respond rapidly to temperature and precipitation changes. The rapid retreat of tropical glaciers is considered to be one of the most visible indicators of global warming (Vuille et al., 2008). The amount of glacial retreat varies, but small glaciers are most vulnerable and many in the Andes have already disappeared.
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This photo has been graciously provided to be used in the GRID-Arendal resources library by: Riccardo Pravettoni
NJCU’s 18th annual “Festival of the Andes,” an outdoor festival celebrating the indigenous highland cultures of Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Chile, and Colombia, will feature: live Andean music and performances by various dance troupes; musical instrument and dance workshops; displays of native clothing and Andean arts and crafts;