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Expo Deportiva 2017
Sala de Armas, Magdalena Mixhuca.
25, 26 y 27 de agosto.
En el marco del Clásico Mr. MÉXICO edición 65, la Federación Mexicana de Fisicoconstructivismo y Fitness A.C (FMFF) organizó la Expo Deportiva 2017, por sí mismo un evento que reúne a las marcas y empresas más importantes en el ramo de alimentación, equipos y ropa para el deportista.
Algunas de las empresas que participaron fueron:
Atomoz
1up nutrition
Slastik Sunglases
Splanet
Energan
Neosports
Optimum Nutrition
Life Fuel
Chrome Supps
Puro Campeón
CH
MDN
Betancourt Nutrition
Cesar's Strenght Systems
Bag X
Federación Mexicana de Baile
Federación Mexicana de Bádminton
Satisfashion
Pronat
Tuny
Alpha Team
Ns Nutrition fitness
DNA Evoluciona
FMFF
CONADIC
Foto: Alta Ingeniería/Octavio Calderón
¿ ur-AY-ree-uh ? -- Greek: oura, meaning tail, referring to the bracts ... Cyclopedia of American Horticulture
roo-FES-enz -- becoming reddish ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: hooked uraria, purple feather bush, rufous uraria • Assamese: আছুৰা বন achuraa-bana, সৰু বিয়নী সাবতা saru biyani sabata • Bengali: শালপান salpan • Dogri: गुलाबी छामरा gulaabee chhaamara • Gujarati: સાલપર્ણી salaparni • Hindi: महादेव जटा mahadev jata • Kannada: ಅಂಟುಬೆಳೆ ಗಿಡ antubele gida, ಮೂವಿಲೆ moovile • Malayalam: വലിയ മൂവില valiya moovila • Marathi: पृष्णिपर्णी prsniparni • Odia: ଶାଳପର୍ଣ୍ଣୀ salaparnni • Sanskrit: पृष्णिपर्णी prsniparni, शालपर्णी salaparni • Tulu: ಮೂಜಿರೆ moojire
botanical names: Uraria rufescens (DC.) Schindl. ... homotypic synonyms: Desmodium rufescens DC. ... heterotypic synonyms: Uraria hamosa (Roxb.) Wall. ex Wight & Arn. ... and many more listed at POWO, retrieved 26 December 2024
~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~
*Andhra Pradesh, *Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Dadra-Nagar-Haveli, *Delhi, *Goa, Gujarat, *Haryana, *Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, *Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, *Manipur, *Meghalaya, *Mizoram, *Nagaland, Odisha, *Pondicherry, *Punjab, *Rajasthan, *Sikkim, *Tamil Nadu, *Tripura, *Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
* no given name / no name found in the regional language(s) of the state
Names compiled / updated at Names of Plants in India.
A la manière de Space Invader, mais en gommettes, ça rend bien !... En vrai mosaïque aurait été encore mieux ;-)
Expo Deportiva 2017
Sala de Armas, Magdalena Mixhuca.
25, 26 y 27 de agosto.
En el marco del Clásico Mr. MÉXICO edición 65, la Federación Mexicana de Fisicoconstructivismo y Fitness A.C (FMFF) organizó la Expo Deportiva 2017, por sí mismo un evento que reúne a las marcas y empresas más importantes en el ramo de alimentación, equipos y ropa para el deportista.
Algunas de las empresas que participaron fueron:
Atomoz
1up nutrition
Slastik Sunglases
Splanet
Energan
Neosports
Optimum Nutrition
Life Fuel
Chrome Supps
Puro Campeón
CH
MDN
Betancourt Nutrition
Cesar's Strenght Systems
Bag X
Federación Mexicana de Baile
Federación Mexicana de Bádminton
Satisfashion
Pronat
Tuny
Alpha Team
Ns Nutrition fitness
DNA Evoluciona
FMFF
CONADIC
Foto: Alta Ingeniería/Octavio Calderón
Mario sitting on the pipe.
Strobist: 420EX on full blast, on the ground, camera left, aimed at Mario's face
The "Gentle People Tour" was a road trip across Australia undertaken by the legendary Berlin-based graffiti collective "1UP Crew" between 2019 to 2021.
Furthermore the tour was a collaboration with several notable figures in the graffiti world, including photographer Martha Cooper, filmmaker Selina Miles, and photographer OLF and the crew also hosted a one-night show at Revolver Upstairs featuring artwork, movie screenings, and a live Q&A.
Finally, during the road trip the "1UP" Crew" visited the five (5) main Australian cities Perth, Brisbane, Adelaide, Melbourne, and Sydney.
For more information, references refer to - www.youtube.com/watch?v=teRoJnJmiRQ
Valves ii to vii have distinct keel (1) and slightly convex side slopes (2). Valve elevation H/W 41%; probably underestimate as valve tilted. Small papillae arranged in radiating lines on lateral triangles (3) of valves ii-vii and on head valve (4). Central areas of valves ii-vii have papillae in longitudinal lines (5).
Sublittoral, 20 m depth, North-west Scotland, May 2019. Leg. S. Taylor.
Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION BELOW
Sets of OTHER SPECIES at: www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/
Stenosemus albus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Synonyms: Chiton albus Linnaeus, 1767;
Ischnochiton albus (Linnaeus, 1767); Lepidochiton albus (Linnaeus, 1767); Leptochiton albus (Linnaeus, 1767).
Current Taxonomy WoRMS www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=247773
GLOSSARY BELOW
Shell Description
An adult Stenosemus albus is usually 12 to 17 mm long, occasionally reaching 22 mm (Kaas & Van Belle, 1990). It is an elongate oval with width 50 to 60% of its length 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ & 02Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmYw . Like other chitons, it has eight valves which are conventionally numbered i (head) to viii (tail). They are keeled 03Sa flic.kr/p/2qyp5w1 & 04Sa flic.kr/p/2qyssxn and beakless, except for a slight beak sometimes on valves vi and/or vii 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ & 05Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyo1 . Valves ii to vii have slightly convex side slopes 03Sa flic.kr/p/2qyp5w1 & 04Sa flic.kr/p/2qyssxn and are elevated about 45% to 50% of their span (Kaas & Van Belle, 1990) creating a moderately high shell profile 05Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyo1 . The tegmentum (dorsal surface) is white 06Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmUy , very light buff 02Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmYw , tinted pink 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ or golden yellow, sometimes with concentric orange-brown streaks (Kaas & Van Belle, 1990), which may be deposits lodged in growth lines 05Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyo1 . There are often intense brown or black deposits on the valves and girdle, varying in extent up to an almost complete cover. When cover is partial, the deposits are often most dense near the posterior margin of each valve, and least intense on recent growth at the ends of each valve and on their anterior margins which are often covered by the adjacent valve 06Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmUy .
The head valve (i) is semicircular 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ & 03Sa flic.kr/p/2qyp5w1 with a straight front slope. The tail valve (viii) is narrower than the head valve, its length is about half its width and its posterior slope is straight or slightly concave 09Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmMu . The mucro is central on the tail valve (viii) 05Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyo1 but seems further forwards when the anterior of the valve is hidden under the posterior of valve vii 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ . The dorsal surface of the valves looks smooth and glossy to the naked eye and on many images 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ & 05Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyo1 , but small oval papillae may be visible in good light under magnification or in well focussed images on large screens. The papillae are arranged in radiating lines on the head 03Sa flic.kr/p/2qyp5w1 and tail valves (i & viii) and on the lateral triangles 03Sa flic.kr/p/2qyp5w1 & 06Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmUy of intermediate valves (ii-vii). On the central area of intermediate valves the papillae are in longitudinal lines 03Sa flic.kr/p/2qyp5w1 & 07Sa flic.kr/p/2qyssvi . The ventral surfaces of the valves have 13 slits (i), 1 slit at each end (ii - vii) and 11 or 12 slits (viii) (Matthews, 1967).
When the narrow girdle is fully spread, each side of it is about 12% of the total body width 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ . It is coloured as the valves with deeply embedded, substantial, rounded, calcareous, discrete, button-like granules 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ which distinctly contrast with the pale girdle when they are coated with brown or black deposits 07Sa flic.kr/p/2qyssvi . Ventrally, the girdle is tiled with radiating rows of elongate rectangular scales 08Sa flic.kr/p/2qysy6Y . The mantle edge has elongate, straight, sharply pointed, 0.1 mm long spicules (Kaas & Van Belle, 1990).
Body Description.
The head and foot rarely protrude into view naturally on live individuals, and are best seen if the chiton is removed from the substrate and attached to glass.
The head consists of a mouth surrounded by the anterior of the foot and a large antero-lateral rim; it has no eyes or sensory tentacles 10Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyeP .
The sole is translucent white showing in good light the dark viscera 11Sa flic.kr/p/2qysy5v .
The mantle-cavity is an open groove around the whole animal; when live it is sealed by the foot into a tube 11Sa flic.kr/p/2qysy5v . On each side the cavity contains about 17 simply pinnate, fleshy gills 10Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyeP & 12Sa flic.kr/p/2qyr72s . They extend alongside the posterior half of the foot (merobranch arrangement) with a space intervening between them and the anal papilla from which the anus opens into the mantle-cavity at the posterior. Excretory nephridiopores and gonopores open laterally into the posterior quarter of the cavity. There is no penis as fertilization is external.
Key identification features
Stenosemus albus
1) Maximum length usually 17 mm, exceptionally 22mm. Elongate oval; W/L 50-60% 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ & 02Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmYw . Intermediate valves height 45% to 50% of their span creating a moderately high shell profile 05Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyo1 .
2) Valves ii to vii have slightly convex side slopes 03Sa flic.kr/p/2qyp5w1 & 04Sa flic.kr/p/2qyssxn and distinct keel.
3) Dorsal surface white 06Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmUy , very light buff 02Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmYw , tinted pink 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ or golden yellow 05Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyo1 . Often intense brown or black deposits on the valves and girdle 06Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmUy . Ventral surfaces have 13 slits (i), 1 slit at each end (ii - vii) and 11 or 12 slits (viii).
4) Girdle coloured as the valves; no pattern. Girdle width on each side about 12% of total width.
5) Girdle has deeply embedded, substantial, rounded, calcareous, evenly spaced, discrete, button-like granules 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ which distinctly contrast with the pale girdle when they are coated with brown or black deposits 07Sa flic.kr/p/2qyssvi .
6) Dorsal surface of valves looks smooth to naked eye and on many images 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ & 05Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyo1 , but small oval papillae may be visible in good light under magnification. Papillae arranged in radiating lines on head 03Sa flic.kr/p/2qyp5w1 and tail valves and on lateral triangles 06Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmUy of intermediate valves.
7) About 17 merobranch gills extend alongside the posterior half of the foot with a space between them and the small anal papilla 10Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyeP & 12Sa flic.kr/p/2qyr72s .
8) Mucro near centre of tail valve viii 05Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyo1 but may seem nearer anterior when valve vii overlaps viii on live specimens 01Sa flic.kr/p/2qysyeJ . Valves ii-vii usually lack beaks; occasional on valve vi and/or vii.
9) Arctic 12Sa flic.kr/p/2qyr72s , boreal and temperate zones of northern hemisphere. Usually sublittoral, at increasing depths southwards. Rarely intertidal at ELWS.
Similar species
Leptochiton asellus (Gmelin, 1791)
1) Maximum length usually 18 mm. Broad oval; W/L 60-70% 13Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmSp . Intermediate valves height c. 35% of their span creating a low shell profile 14Sa flic.kr/p/2qyr7iu & 15Sa flic.kr/p/2qymy3G .
2) Valves ii to vii have straight side slopes and less distinct keel than on S. albus 15Sa flic.kr/p/2qymy3G .
3) Dorsal surface of valves whitish, sometimes with distinct black longitudinal lines 14Sa flic.kr/p/2qyr7iu and/or general staining by rufous or black 13Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmSp mineral deposits . Ventral surfaces have no slits.
4) Girdle whitish with no pattern. Often stained with rust coloured ferrous, and/or blackish manganese, deposits. Girdle width on each side about 10% of total width 13Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmSp .
5)Girdle has crowded elongate, bluntly pointed scales, less regularly spaced than on S. albus 13Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmSp & 15Sa flic.kr/p/2qymy3G .
6) Dorsal surface of valves has roughly oval granules more crowded and usually more visible than on S. albus 14Sa flic.kr/p/2qyr7iu .
7) 7 to 13 merobranch gills extend alongside the posterior 40% or less of the foot with no space separating them from a prominent anal papilla 16Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmDt .
8) Mucro not swollen and slightly to anterior of centre of valve viii. Valves ii-vii usually all have beak (1) visible from side, unless worn away 14Sa flic.kr/p/2qyr7iu .
9) Sublittoral and at LWS on shores. North-west Europe. All round Britain, probably commonest sublittoral chiton.
Habits and ecology
S. albus is a sublittoral species ranging from the shallow sublittoral to 1000 m depth, but most common between 10 and 100 m (Kaas & Van Belle, 2003). Only very rarely is it found on the shore at ELWS 05Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyo1 .
The articulated shell enables it to conform closely to uneven rock surfaces which the large foot grips firmly. The aragonite shell is weak and frequently broken 06Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmUy , but the valve fragments are held in position by strong muscles which allow the chiton to continue functioning. It has no eyes on its head but aesthetes in the valves of chitons have sensory functions. Tufts of cilia on the surfaces of the mantle-cavity and gills create an inhalent respiratory water-current entering the mantle-cavity wherever the girdle is raised laterally. The current passes along the cavity through the gills to exit at the posterior under the raised girdle.
In Canada, epibiotic foraminifera were found attached to the girdle of several S. albus 02Sa flic.kr/p/2qytmYw (C. Nozères [Institut Maurice Lamontagne] 2024. pers. comm., 29 November). Sigwart (2009) found epibiotic foraminifera on 46% of Leptochiton arcticus in Iceland. Juveniles fed on the excrement of the chitons, and when adult, fed parasitically on chiton tissue. Damage to shell and tissue occurred, but seemed not to affect survival.
It feeds by scraping microalgae and associated organisms from the rock surface using its radula of chitin hardened with magnetite. It detects suitable food by protruding between each stroke of the radula a subradular ‘tasting’ organ (Yonge & Thompson, 1976). The large antero-lateral rim round the mouth 10Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyeP and the anterior of the foot probably help retain loosened food particles.
Respiratory water current enters the groove of the mantle-cavity wherever the sides of the girdle are raised and passes rearwards through the gills, carrying excreta from lateral nephridopores, to the posterior, where faecal pellets from the anus on the anal papilla join the flow to be expelled from under the raised girdle.
Reproduction is gonochoric. The water current in the mantle-cavity carries sperm or ova from lateral gonopores to exit at the posterior. As fertilization is external, synchronised emission of sperm and ova is needed to ensure success. The ova hatch into planktonic trochophore larvae and later metamorphose into small adult-form young without an intervening veliger stage.
Distribution and status
S. albusis a circumpolar species occurring sublittorally in the arctic 12Sa flic.kr/p/2qyr72s , boreal and temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. Rarely, it occurs at LWST on some northern shores 05Sa flic.kr/p/2qymyo1 , but it is confined to increasing depths southwards to its limit in cold deep water off Galicia and southern California (Kaas & Van Belle, 1990). GBIF map www.gbif.org/species/4305121 . In Britain it is found mainly off western Scotland, Orkney and Shetland. NBN map species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0021056564
Acknowledgements
I gratefully thank David Kipling, Claude Nozères and Ian Paterson for information and use of images, and Simon Taylor for a live specimen to study and photograph.
Links and references
Delongueville, C., Ólafsdóttir, S.H. & Scaillet, R. 2024. Report of ten years Mollusca collection in Icelandic waters by the Marine and Freshwater Research Institute. Hafnarfjörður, Iceland. www.hafogvatn.is/static/research/files/hv2024_06.pdf
Forbes, E. & Hanley S. 1849-53. A history of the British mollusca and their shells. vol. 2 (1853) London, van Voorst. (As Chiton albus Linnaeus, 1767.) archive.org/details/historyofbritish02forbe/page/405/mode...
Fox, R. 2007. Invertebrate Anatomy On Line. Katharina tunicata lanwebs.lander.edu/faculty/rsfox/invertebrates/katharina....
Jeffreys, J.G. 1865. British conchology. vol. 3. London, van Voorst. (As Chiton albus Linnaeus, 1767.) archive.org/details/britishconcholog03jeffr/page/220/mode...
Jones, A.M. & Baxter, J.M. 1987. Molluscs: Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora and Scaphopoda London, Linnean Society, and Estuarine and Brackish-water Sciences Association. (As Ischnochiton albus Linnaeus, 1767.)
Kaas, P. and Van Belle, R.A. 1990. Monograph of living chitons.
vol 4 Leiden – Boston, Brill. (As Ischnochiton albus pp. 60–62.)
Matthews, G. 1967. The identification of British chitons. Papers for Students No.9. London, Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. (As Ischnochiton albus.) conchsoc.org/papers_for_students
Schwabe, E. 2010. Illustrated summary of chiton terminology. Spixiana 33(2):171-194. www.researchgate.net/publication/258843995_Illustrated_su...
Sigwart, J. (2009). Parasitic foraminifers on a deep-sea chiton (Mollusca, Polyplacophora, Leptochitonidae) from Iceland. Marine Biology Research, 5(2): 193-199. doi.org/10.1080/17451000802266641
Glossary
μm = 0.001 mm
aesthetes = complex of canals permeating shell; filled with sensory tissue.
aragonite = crystalline mineral-form of calcium carbonate; less common on land than calcite, but, currently, the more frequent mineral-form in oceans and living mollusc shells.
chitin = semitransparent flexible horny protein.
chitinous = (adj.) made of chitin.
cilia (pl.) = motile linear extensions of membrane used in locomotion, or to create water currents in feeding. (“cilium” singular).
DFO = Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada.
ELWS = extreme low water spring tide, two periods near equinoxes when tide falls lowest.
epibiota = organisms living on surface of another organism.
epibiotic = (adj.) of organisms living on surface of another organism.
girdle = peripheral band of thickened, reflexed mantle which encloses ends of valves.
gonochoric = (syn. dioecious) having separate male and female individuals, not hermaphrodite.
holobranch = gills in mantle-cavity extend full length, or almost, of foot.
IML = Institut Maurice Lamontagne, Canada.
intermediate valve = valves ii to vii.
lateral triangle = (on valves ii - vii) triangular area with its base along lateral edge of valve and its apex near the centre of the posterior edge. a.k.a. lateral area.
mantle = sheet of tissue that secretes the shell, surrounds the viscera and forms a cavity for the gill in most marine molluscs.
mantle-cavity = (in chitons; a.k.a. pallial groove) narrow groove around whole foot and head, roofed by mantle and containing gills, nephridiopores and gonopores.
magnetite = mineral of iron oxide, hardest material made by any living organism.
merobranch = gills in pallial cavity only in posterior two-thirds of animal.
motile = (adj.) able to move spontaneously; applicable to whole animals or to parts of them such as cells, gametes or cilia.
mucro = protuberance on tail valve (viii) of chiton demarking posterior from rest of valve; varies in prominence and position.
nephridium = tubular excretory/osmoregulatory organ. (a.k.a. kidney).
nephridiopore = opening of nephridium for excretion. (a.k.a. nephropore, or renal pore).
plankton = animals and plants that drift in pelagic zone (main body of water).
radula = ribbon of chitin bearing chitinous teeth impregnated with magnetite.
side slope = shape in profile view (from posterior or anterior) of lateral triangles of intermediate valves; may be straight, convex, concave or a combination of these.
tegmentum = outer shell-layer of chiton valves, usually porous and relatively soft.
trochophore = spherical or pear-shaped larvae that move with aid of girdle of cilia. Subsequent veliger stage of most marine molluscs is not found in chitons.
veliger = shelled larva of marine gastropod or bivalve mollusc which swims by beating cilia of a velum (bilobed flap).
WoRMS = World Register of Marine Species