Brickwork
View allAll Photos Tagged vitrified
Between 1917 and 1924, the former main post office, designed by J. Crouwel jr. was realised in the style of the Amsterdam school, inspired by the work of the Finnish architect Saarinen. The magnificent hall with parabolic arches of yellow vitrified bricks is very impressive indeed. Global accessibility trough postal services is symbolised by the cast statues of the five continents, constructud by H.A. van den Eynde. The sixth image depicts trade and prosperity. Transport via land, sea and air is shown at the entrance. The cloack and the national copast of arms in the glazed tiles on the crosscut walls were created by the Porceleyne Fles.
Kolíbky ist eine Kalksteinverglasungsformation in der Nähe von Jedovnice, CZ
Das Kolíbek-Gebiet wurde bereits in der Altsteinzeit vor etwa 12.000 Jahren genutzt, als es von Rentier- und Pferdejägern bewohnt wurde. Dies ergibt sich aus zahlreichen archäologischen Funden von Steinwerkzeugen und Knochen von gejagten Tieren, wie Rentier, Pferd, Polarfuchs, Hase, Dachs, Marder, Braunbär, Mammut.
Heute wird der Ort hauptsächlich von Kletterern besucht, die 15 Meter hohen Felsen bieten viele Kletterrouten. Aber sie können auch ohne Ausrüstung bestiegen werden, es gibt Pfade und Trampelpfade zwischen den Felsen.
Kolíbky is a limestone vitrification formation near Jedovnice, CZ.
The Kolíbek area was used as early as the Paleolithic period, about 12,000 years ago, when it was inhabited by reindeer and horse hunters. This results from numerous archaeological findings of stone tools and bones of hunted animals, such as reindeer, horse, arctic fox, hare, badger, marten, brown bear, mammoth.
Today the place is mainly visited by climbers, the 15 meters high rocks offer many climbing routes. But they can be climbed without equipment, there are paths and trails between the rocks.
Ca commence à être récurrent, ces titres qui se trouvent être déjà pris...
Mais les photos se suivent et ne se ressemblent pas... pas tant que ça du moins.
Alors un peu d'huile de coude, je vous prie ! Une photo, ça en nécessite.
(Et petite dédicace à une amie de Flickr, fan des photos des travailleurs que j'ai pu faire et qui se reconnaîtra ! :-)) )
Mediaş has one of the best preserved historical centers in Romania and also some well preserved medieval fortifications. One symbol of the town is the Tower of the Buglers, which is about 70 meters tall. Its construction started in the 13th century. In the 15th century it was raised to 5 tiers. The St. Margaret Church was finished at about the same time. Later, 3 more tiers were added in only two months. The roof consists of colored vitrified tiles, and four turrets were built. The tower had a guard, who would sound his bugle whenever an enemy approached. The tower has in its South-Western corner (between the clocks) a small wooden man who rings a bell, thus announcing in advance when the clock will ring on the hour. The heavy pressure of the tower on the sandy soil is the reason why the tower is slightly tilted to the North. Between 1927 and 1930, and later in 1972, the tower was consolidated. The tilt of the tip compared with the base is 2.32 m.
The city lies in the middle of the area which was inhabited by Transylvanian Saxons and in an area of 20 km around it there are dozens of fortified churches, two of them UNESCO World heritage sites.
Burning off the old vegetation for the coming Summer.Knockfarrel is a picturesque Iron Age hillfort outside of Dingwall. It occupies a substantial area, with spectacular views in all directions. The remains of walls are clearly visible, and are thought to have held a timber rampart when the fort was occupied. Knockfarrel is noted for its extensive vitrification – rocks which have melted a some point due to intense heat, probably more than 1,000 degrees Celsius
Relaxing at the temple after a long day !
I liked the reflection on the shiny temple floor and the bright sunshine in the background .
The temple walls and pillars are hundred years old but the floor has recently been changed to vitrified tiles.
Inside an ancient temple.
Between 1917 and 1924, the former main post office, designed by J. Crouwel jr. was realised in the style of the Amsterdam school, inspired by the work of the Finnish architect Saarinen. The magnificent hall with parabolic arches of yellow vitrified bricks is very impressive indeed. Global accessibility trough postal services is symbolised by the cast statues of the five continents, constructud by H.A. van den Eynde. The sixth image depicts trade and prosperity. Transport via land, sea and air is shown at the entrance. The cloack and the national copast of arms in the glazed tiles on the crosscut walls were created by the Porceleyne Fles.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kq-r4ZUpels
The hill left with its vitrified Hill Fort is known as Tap O Noth, northern Aberdeenshire. Autumn in the trees and a rainbow to boot!
5 shot Joiner, not sure about the blue shed but I have left as is for the time being, it may become green in subsequent edits.
Compositionally Challenged Week 36 - From On High
CC Rainbow Game - Red
CC Most Versatile - Vintage
This brick company, Vitrified Brick & Tile was in business from 1894-1930 in Coffeyville, Kansas. The bricks were often used at railway stations and depots. This paved patio is in front of the Depot Art Gallery in Littleton, Colorado. The art gallery is housed in the restored Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad train station. Originally built in 1888, the station was retired in 1965 and relocated to its current location. It was designated as an historic landmark in 1969.
Tap O Noth 563m is a vitrified Hill Fort in the North of Aberdeenshire, surrounded by outstanding scenery with views over the Buck of Cabrach to the snow clad Cairngorm mountains in this photo taken in April 2018.
Copyright Terry Eve Photography 2018
Please feel free to bowse my Explored photos and pictures:
www.flickr.com/photos/terryeve-draughting-ltd/albums/7215...
The vitrified hillfort of Dun Deardail (Derdriu’s fort) sits high above Glen Nevis, overshadowed by Ben Nevis looming opposite. It was built in the middle of the first millennium BC, around 2500 years ago, and was eventually destroyed by a raging fire.
View north with Mount Baldy (left) and Mount Belknap (right), two rhyolite domes in a caldera. The dark rock outcroppings in the foreground are highly compressed (vitrified) ash flow tuff deposits.
Mediaş has one of the best preserved historical centers in Romania and also some well preserved medieval fortifications. One symbol of the town is the Tower of the Buglers, which is about 70 meters tall. Its construction started in the 13th century. In the 15th century it was raised to 5 tiers. The St. Margaret Church was finished at about the same time. Later, 3 more tiers were added in only two months. The roof consists of colored vitrified tiles, and four turrets were built. The tower had a guard, who would sound his bugle whenever an enemy approached. The tower has in its South-Western corner (between the clocks) a small wooden man who rings a bell, thus announcing in advance when the clock will ring on the hour. The heavy pressure of the tower on the sandy soil is the reason why the tower is slightly tilted to the North. Between 1927 and 1930, and later in 1972, the tower was consolidated. The tilt of the tip compared with the base is 2.32 m.
The city lies in the middle of the area which was inhabited by Transylvanian Saxons and in an area of 20 km around it there are dozens of fortified churches, two of them UNESCO World heritage sites.
The Tap o' Noth is a hill and the name of a Pictish hill fort on its summit, 8 miles south of Huntly in Aberdeenshire, Scotland at grid reference NJ485293. It is the second highest fort in Scotland and its main feature is its well-preserved vitrified wall which encloses an area of approximately 100 m by 30 m, 0.3 hectares. Archaeological finds from the site include a stone axe head dated to between c. 2000 BC– c.800 BC, and a decorated bronze rein-ring dated to the 1st–3rd century AD. The site has been designated a scheduled ancient monument.
The vitrified fort is the centre of a settlement within another rampart which encloses a much larger area of some 7 hectares. This outer rampart was constructed in the fifth to sixth centuries AD; large scale settlement within the area may date back as far as the third century AD, contemporary with the Pictish culture.
Drone photographs and lidar surveys suggest that there may have been as many as 800 huts, many in groups with a larger hut at the centre of the group. It has been described as the largest known settlement in early-Medieval (post-Roman) Britain.
In the nearby valley, the Pictish image of Rhynie Man on a standing stone has been found on Barflat farm. A post-Roman settlement has been discovered in the valley, with evidence for the consumption of wine from the Mediterranean, the use of glass vessels from western France, and intensive metalwork production. This is interpreted as signs of high social status, possibly with royal connections. [Wikipedia]
They are small individually coloured vitrified ceramic tiles of various sizes and geometric shapes that are arranged in repeating patterns, used to decorate a floor space.
These Victorian tile designs, or pavements, are found throughout the UK as well as the territories of the once British Empire, in particular America and Australia.
This is on the front patio of a lovely double storied terrace house in Brunswick Vic.
From above the Inversion on Sui hill twixt Clatt & Alford in Aberdeenshire Scotland. The hill across the fog is Tap O Noth with an ancient vitrified hill fort on its summit.
Dunnideer Castle, now ruined, was a tower house located near Insch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It was built c.1260 partially from the remains of an existing vitrified hill fort in the same location. It consisted of a single rectangular tower of 15m by 12.5m with walls 1.9m thick. Evidence suggests that a first-floor hall existed. Evidence shows it had several floors.
The tower house is built within an older prehistoric vitrified hillfort dating to c250 BC, excavated by Dr Murray Cook of Rampart Scotland.
The prehistoric fort and tower house is a scheduled monument.
With the second man's guidance DRS 88010 is seen slowly approaching the NTS Docks at Barrow with 3 HAW (highly active waste) KXA flasks carriers.
68008 at the other end having bought the service to Barrow from Sellafield on 7X63.
The flasks are destined for export to their origin country og Germany haven been processed/recycled at Sellafield. The used uranium waste turned into a Vitrified glass like form suitable for long term storage. A rather rare working only occurring couple times anually.
Heading west along the Cat's Back ridge. I think that there is a vestige of the Great Wood of Caledon here. In the far distance are the Rosshire mountains poking their heads above the mist. Hidden in the mist on the right is the spa town of Strathpeffer.
Exposure of volcanic tuff below the top of Brian head. View is west, cliffs of Cedar Breaks National Monument in the middle ground (red).
Top three layers represent the Leach Canyon formation, deposits from a supervolcano eruption 24 million years ago, originating from a caldera at the Nevada/Utah border approximately 60 miles to the west at the horizon. This eruption ejected approximately 3,600 cubic kilometers of ash deposits .From top thees deposits are:
- moderately welded ash (pyroclastic)flow
-a thick glassy vitrophyre (looks like weathered basalt, but is not)
-a non welded air fall ash deposit (reddish)
The talus slope (ash flow breccia) below and the black outcroppings represent the Isom formation, a pyroclastic ash flow from a 26 million year eruption. This ash flow was by about 200 degree C hotter than usual ash flows, and is typically vitrified it the bottom layers (black outcroppings). The ash deposit volume of this eruption was about 4,200 cubic kilometers.
Eilean Donan (Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Donnain) is a small tidal island situated at the confluence of three sea lochs (Loch Duich, Loch Long and Loch Alsh) in the western Highlands of Scotland, about 1 kilometre (5⁄8 mi) from the village of Dornie. It is connected to the mainland by a footbridge that was installed early in the 20th century and is dominated by a picturesque castle that frequently appears in photographs, film and television. The island's original castle was built in the thirteenth century; it became a stronghold of the Clan Mackenzie and their allies, the Clan MacRae. In response to the Mackenzies' involvement in the Jacobite rebellions early in the 18th century, government ships destroyed the castle in 1719. The present-day castle is Lieutenant-Colonel John Macrae-Gilstrap's 20th-century reconstruction of the old castle.[2]
Eilean Donan is part of the Kintail National Scenic Area, one of 40 in Scotland.[3] In 2001, the island had a recorded population of just one person,[4] but there were no "usual residents" at the time of the 2011 census.[1]
Eilean Donan, which means simply "island of Donnán", is named after Donnán of Eigg, a Celtic saint who was martyred in 617. Donnán is said to have established a church on the island, though no trace of this remains.[2]
History
It is possible that an early Christian monastic cell was founded on the island in the 6th or 7th century, and that it was dedicated to Donnán of Eigg, an Irish saint who was martyred on Eigg in April 617. No remains of any Christian buildings survive, though fragments of vitrified stone (stone that has been subjected to very high temperatures) have been discovered, indicating that there was an Iron Age or early medieval fortification on the island.[5][6]
Origins of the castle
In the earlier thirteenth century, during the reign of Alexander II (ruled 1214–1249), a large curtain-wall castle (wall of enceinte) was constructed; it enclosed much of the island.[2] At this time, the area around the island was at the boundary of the Norse-Celtic Lordship of the Isles and the Earldom of Ross: Eilean Donan provided a strong defensive position against Norse expeditions.[7] A founding legend has it that the son of a chief of the Mathesons acquired the power to communicate with birds; as a result of this power, and after many adventures overseas, he gained wealth, power, and the respect of Alexander II, who asked him to build the castle to defend his realm.[8]
At a later date, the island became a stronghold of the Mackenzies of Kintail, originally vassals of William I, Earl of Ross.[2] At this early stage, the castle is said to have been garrisoned by Macraes and Maclennans, both clans that were later closely associated with the Mackenzies.[9] Traditional Mackenzie clan histories relate that Earl William sought advantage from the Treaty of Perth of 1266, by which King Magnus VI of Norway ceded the Hebrides to Scotland, and demanded that his kinsman Kenneth Mackenzie return the castle to allow his expansion into the islands. Mackenzie refused, and Earl William led an assault against Eilean Donan that the Mackenzies and their allies repulsed.[10]
The Mackenzie clan histories also claim (with little, if any, supporting contemporary evidence), that Robert the Bruce sheltered at Eilean Donan during the winter of 1306 to 1307; the castle escaped any other involvement in the Wars of Scottish Independence.[11] In 1331 Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, sent an officer to Eilean Donan to warn the occupants of his forthcoming visit. In preparation 50 wrongdoers were rounded up and executed, their heads being displayed on the castle walls to Moray's approval.[10] By the middle of the 14th century the Mackenzies are said to have been on the losing side in the ongoing feuding with the Earls of Ross. William III, Earl of Ross granted Kintail to Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí in 1342. With the assistance of Leod Macgilleandrais, the Earl allegedly apprehended Kenneth Mackenzie, 3rd of Kintail, and had him executed in 1346 at Inverness. Through this period Eilean Donan is said to have been held by Duncan Macaulay for the Mackenzies, against the Earl and his allies.[12] Kenneth's young son Murdo Mackenzie supposedly evaded the Earl's attempts to eliminate him, and on the return of David II from exile Murdo Mackenzie was allegedly confirmed in the lands of Kintail and Eilean Donan by a charter of 1362 (of which, however, no trace survives to the present day).[13][14] At some point in the earlier 14th century it is thought that the Clan Macrae began to settle in Kintail as a body, having migrated from the Beauly Firth, and there gained the trust of the Mackenzie lairds through possible kinship and an advantageous marriage. The Macraes began to act as Mackenzie's bodyguards, acquiring the soubriquet "Mackenzie's shirt of mail".[15]
New Years Day 2023, we walked to the viewpoint at Craigmony... to discover a lack of view!
Still it is nice walking up through all that history that seeps into the rocks of the old promantory fort that overlooks the village, an ancient place with scant modern investigation and just some old stories and myths attached to the place. There does seem to be evidence of vitrified walls and rock cut ditches though which lends some solidity to the idea of it being a defensive location at the end of Glen Urquhart and Glen Coiltie as they meet the Great Glen and Loch Ness.
Between 1917 and 1924, the former main post office, designed by J. Crouwel jr. was realised in the style of the Amsterdam school, inspired by the work of the Finnish architect Saarinen. The magnificent hall with parabolic arches of yellow vitrified bricks is very impressive indeed. Global accessibility trough postal services is symbolised by the cast statues of the five continents, constructud by H.A. van den Eynde. The sixth image depicts trade and prosperity. Transport via land, sea and air is shown at the entrance. The cloack and the national copast of arms in the glazed tiles on the crosscut walls were created by the Porceleyne Fles.
The River Ness running through the city of Inverness, with St Mary’s Church on the left bank, Craig Street Bridge in the centre and the steeples of Free North Church, Old High Church and St Columba’s High Church on the right bank, Inverness, Highland council area, Scotland
Some background information:
Inverness is the capital of the Scottish Highland council area and, since December 2000, the only town in the district to hold the status of a city. The town lies at the mouth of the River Ness on the Moray Firth. It is the northernmost city in the United Kingdom. As there is no universally accepted definition of the city boundaries, population figures vary between just over 40,000 and more than 65,000 inhabitants. In the 2011 census, a population of 48,201 was recorded. A few kilometres to the east of Inverness lies the battlefield of Culloden, where in 1746 the last battle of the Jacobites against the British government troops ended in a devastating defeat for the Jacobites.
Inverness was one of the chief strongholds of the Picts. In AD 569, it was visited by St Columba with the intention of converting the Pictish king Brude, who is supposed to have resided in the vitrified fort on Craig Phadrig, on the western edge of the city. A church or a monk's cell is thought to have been established by early Celtic monks on St Michael's Mount, a mound close to the river, which is now the site of the Old High Church and its adjacent graveyard.
The first royal charter was granted by King David I in the 12th century. The Gaelic King MacBeth, whose 11th-century killing of King Duncan was immortalised in Shakespeare's largely fictionalised play Macbeth, held a castle within the city where he ruled as Mormaer of Moray and Ross. Inverness Castle is said to have been built by King Malcolm III, after he had razed to the ground the castle in which MacBeth had murdered Malcom‘s father Duncan I.
At the end of the 12th century, William the Lion granted Inverness four charters, by one of which it was created a royal burgh. Medieval Inverness suffered regular raids from the Hebrides, particularly by the MacDonald Lords of the Isles. Local tradition says that the citizens fought off the Clan Donald in 1340 at the Battle of Blairnacoi on Drumderfit Hill to the north of Inverness. On his way to the Battle of Harlaw in 1411, Donald of Islay took the town and burned the bridge over the River Ness. And in 1491, during the Raid on Ross, Clan MacDonald and its allies stormed the castle.
In 1562, during the progress undertaken to suppress Huntly's insurrection, Mary, Queen of Scots, was denied admittance into Inverness Castle by the English governor, whom she afterwards caused to be hanged. Clan Munro and Clan Fraser of Lovat took the castle for her. In the 17th century, Oliver Cromwell had a citadel built, which was capable of accommodating 1,000 men. But with the exception of a portion of the ramparts it was demolished during the Stuart Restoration.
Inverness played a role in the Jacobite rising of 1689. In early May, it was besieged by a contingent of Jacobites led by Clan MacDonell of Keppoch. The town was rescued by Viscount Dundee, the overall Jacobite commander, when he arrived with the main Jacobite army, although he required Inverness to profess loyalty to King James VII.
In 1855, the railways first came to Inverness. In 1921, the first UK Cabinet meeting to be held outside London took place in the Inverness Town House, when Prime Minister David Lloyd George, on holiday in Gairloch, called an emergency meeting to discuss the situation in Ireland. Prior to World War Two, air travel came to Inverness too, in the form of the Longman Aerodrome in 1933, providing connections to Orkney and Wick. But after the declaration of war on Germany, the Aerodrome was requisitioned by the Royal Air Force.
In 1943, the German Luftwaffe charted the area, but incorrectly identified the Air Force Base as a seaplane base, saving Inverness from any Luftwaffe air raids, which is why the city is one of only a few towns in Scotland to survive the war undamaged. After the war, Inverness’s industry went into decline. However, the city has experienced rapid economic growth again in recent years. Between 1998 and 2008, Inverness and the rest of the central Highlands showed the largest growth of average economic productivity per person in Scotland and the second-greatest growth in the United Kingdom as a whole, with an increase of 86%.
Today, the city is home to several high-tech businesses, such as LifeScan, a manfacturer of diagnostic systems focusing on the diabetes market. Furthermore, Inverness is home to NatureScot, the public body responsible for Scotland’s natural heritage. Last but not least, tourism also plays an important role for the town’s economy.
Between 1917 and 1924, the former main post office, designed by J. Crouwel jr. was realised in the style of the Amsterdam school, inspired by the work of the Finnish architect Saarinen. The magnificent hall with parabolic arches of yellow vitrified bricks is very impressive indeed. Global accessibility trough postal services is symbolised by the cast statues of the five continents, constructud by H.A. van den Eynde. The sixth image depicts trade and prosperity. Transport via land, sea and air is shown at the entrance. The cloack and the national copast of arms in the glazed tiles on the crosscut walls were created by the Porceleyne Fles.
Urquhart Castle on Loch Ness, one of the most famous ruins in Scotland, and quite probably the world!
The castle itself has a long history, the ruins visited today date from between the 13th and 16th Century and represent the medieval phase of occupation and was partially destroyed in the first Jacobite uprising to prevent it's use by the forces loyal to the Old Pretender.
Prior to this there was a much older vitrified fort on the site which was either the royal residence of the Pictish King Bridei son of Maelchon or, more likely, Emcath, a nobleman converted to Christianity by Saint Columba at his home - which would make this the first location that the Loch Ness Monster was also spotted as the first reference comes from Columba whilst at Emcath's residence.
The skirts are in silk, and the roses are origami I made myself then vitrified !
Soon on my Etsy, pre order accepted, colors can be chosen
Between 1917 and 1924, the former main post office, designed by J. Crouwel jr. was realised in the style of the Amsterdam school, inspired by the work of the Finnish architect Saarinen. The magnificent hall with parabolic arches of yellow vitrified bricks is very impressive indeed. Global accessibility trough postal services is symbolised by the cast statues of the five continents, constructud by H.A. van den Eynde. The sixth image depicts trade and prosperity. Transport via land, sea and air is shown at the entrance. The cloack and the national copast of arms in the glazed tiles on the crosscut walls were created by the Porceleyne Fles.
Tap O Noth a Vitrified Hill fort, taken from the top of Dunnideer hill near Insch Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
I was tempted to crop the right of this picture as it is complicated and sort of muddled, but it shows the Railway line to the distillery of Ardmore then Huntly, then onto Inverness, with the road to the more local village of Kennethmont just out of sight in the dip, so from a point of detail I left in the right side. I may re-do this one soon to remove it and bring the focus back to the Hill Fort.
"The sequence of prehistoric defences here where an oblong fort with a vitrified wall probably succeeded a larger defended enclosure, is found throughout eastern Scotland. Dunnideer also became an important medieval centre and the castle on its summit is built with stones robbed from the earlier vitrified wall" - from in the shadow of Bennachie
Mediaş has one of the best preserved historical centers in Romania and also some well preserved medieval fortifications. One symbol of the town is the Tower of the Buglers, which is about 70 meters tall. Its construction started in the 13th century. In the 15th century it was raised to 5 tiers. The St. Margaret Church was finished at about the same time. Later, 3 more tiers were added in only two months. The roof consists of colored vitrified tiles, and four turrets were built. The tower had a guard, who would sound his bugle whenever an enemy approached. The tower has in its South-Western corner (between the clocks) a small wooden man who rings a bell, thus announcing in advance when the clock will ring on the hour. The heavy pressure of the tower on the sandy soil is the reason why the tower is slightly tilted to the North. Between 1927 and 1930, and later in 1972, the tower was consolidated. The tilt of the tip compared with the base is 2.32 m.
The city lies in the middle of the area which was inhabited by Transylvanian Saxons and in an area of 20 km around it there are dozens of fortified churches, two of them UNESCO World heritage sites.
Vitrified Lizella clay, slab construction. Drying was the most difficult part of this experiment. Luckily even in kiln pieces did not warp. Acrylic paints and mounted in pine frame with lacquered black stain.
Pumice (whitish) embedded in vitrophyre. Looks like the embedded pumice has been subjected to pressure from the overlying ash and also shearing from the flowing solidifying vitrophyre resulting in cylindrical inclusions with tapered ends, all oriented in the same direction (perpendicular to the direction of shearing). It is just like a ball of cookie dough being rolled out with the pressure of a hand. Sample is from a float in the Lauder Pond area of Brian Head Utah. Sample is either from the Isom formation (26Ma) or the Leach Creek formation (24.05Ma). Size of specimen is 15cm top to bottom.
Left panel: Oblique view with cross section turned about 45° to the left, depicting the flat side (left) and the cross section of the specimen. The left side shows round wholes, some empty, some filled with pumice (whitish), the cross section shows the cylindrical deformation (most cavities have the pumice eroded out).
Center panel: Cross section of the specimen showing the cylindrical pumice cavities in the same parallel orientation, with pumice is filling or partially filling some of the cavities.
Right panel: Back side of the specimen, only small round cavities are visible, mostly are filled with pumice.This side has been misused to label the specimen (it really is indelible).
Small crystals appear throughout the specimen and are visible by their light reflection.
Tantalizing is the question on how the pumice got into this ash flow, either taking a ride with the pyroclastic flow, or being eject into the stratosphere and dropping down into the moving ash flow?? Likely the former.
These ash deposits are about 50-60 miles away from the site of eruption at the Utah-Nevada border(Caliente-Indian Peak ignimbrites), taking into account the Basin and Range expansion and the dislocation as part of the Markagunt landslide that transported the ash layers at least 20 miles to the south.
This specimen is from about 3 miles north from the Pine Park caldera, The glassy rhyolite ash vesicules have been collapsed, indicating a welding process. Includes porphyritic clast at right. Detail picture of this specimen:
www.flickr.com/photos/136031402@N06/50565071637/in/photos...
Eilean Donan is a small tidal island situated at the confluence of three sea lochs in the western Highlands of Scotland, about 1 kilometre from the village of Dornie. It is connected to the mainland by a footbridge that was installed early in the 20th century and is dominated by a picturesque castle that frequently appears in photographs, film and television. The island's original castle was built in the thirteenth century; it became a stronghold of the Clan Mackenzie and their allies, the Clan MacRae. However, in response to the Mackenzies' involvement in the Jacobite rebellions early in the 18th century, government ships destroyed the castle in 1719. The present-day castle is Lieutenant-Colonel John Macrae-Gilstrap's 20th-century reconstruction of the old castle.
Eilean Donan is part of the Kintail National Scenic Area, one of 40 in Scotland. In 2001, the island had a recorded population of just one person, but there were no "usual residents" at the time of the 2011 census.
Eilean Donan, which means simply "island of Donnán", is named after Donnán of Eigg, a Celtic saint who was martyred in 617. Donnán is said to have established a church on the island, though no trace of this remains.
It is possible that an early Christian monastic cell was founded on the island in the 6th or 7th century, and that it was dedicated to Donnán of Eigg, an Irish saint who was martyred on Eigg in April 617. No remains of any Christian buildings survive, though fragments of vitrified stone (stone that has been subjected to very high temperatures) have been discovered, indicating that there was an Iron Age or early medieval fortification on the island.
In the earlier thirteenth century, during the reign of Alexander II (ruled 1214–1249), a large curtain-wall castle (wall of enceinte) was constructed; it enclosed much of the island. At this time, the area around the island was at the boundary of the Norse-Celtic Lordship of the Isles and the Earldom of Ross: Eilean Donan provided a strong defensive position against Norse expeditions. A founding legend has it that the son of a chief of the Mathesons acquired the power to communicate with birds; as a result of this power, and after many adventures overseas, he gained wealth, power, and the respect of Alexander II, who asked him to build the castle to defend his realm.
At a later date, the island became a stronghold of the Mackenzies of Kintail, originally vassals of William I, Earl of Ross. At this early stage, the castle is said to have been garrisoned by Macraes and Maclennans, both clans that were later closely associated with the Mackenzies. Traditional Mackenzie clan histories relate that Earl William sought advantage from the Treaty of Perth of 1266, by which King Magnus VI of Norway ceded the Hebrides to Scotland, and demanded that his kinsman Kenneth Mackenzie return the castle to allow his expansion into the islands. Mackenzie refused, and Earl William led an assault against Eilean Donan that the Mackenzies and their allies repulsed.
The Mackenzie clan histories also claim (with little, if any, supporting contemporary evidence), that Robert the Bruce sheltered at Eilean Donan during the winter of 1306 to 1307; the castle escaped any other involvement in the Wars of Scottish Independence. In 1331 Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, sent an officer to Eilean Donan to warn the occupants of his forthcoming visit. In preparation 50 wrongdoers were rounded up and executed, their heads being displayed on the castle walls to Moray's approval. By the middle of the 14th century the Mackenzies are said to have been on the losing side in the ongoing feuding with the Earls of Ross. William III, Earl of Ross granted Kintail to Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí in 1342. With the assistance of Leod Macgilleandrais, the Earl allegedly apprehended Kenneth Mackenzie, 3rd of Kintail, and had him executed in 1346 at Inverness. Through this period Eilean Donan is said to have been held by Duncan Macaulay for the Mackenzies, against the Earl and his allies. Kenneth's young son Murdo Mackenzie supposedly evaded the Earl's attempts to eliminate him, and on the return of David II from exile Murdo Mackenzie was allegedly confirmed in the lands of Kintail and Eilean Donan by a charter of 1362 (of which, however, no trace survives to the present day). At some point in the earlier 14th century it is thought that the Clan Macrae began to settle in Kintail as a body, having migrated from the Beauly Firth, and there gained the trust of the Mackenzie lairds through possible kinship and an advantageous marriage. The Macraes began to act as Mackenzie's bodyguards, acquiring the soubriquet "Mackenzie's shirt of mail".
James I, determined to pacify the Highlands, journeyed to Inverness in 1427 and invited the principal chiefs to meet him there. Allegedly among them was the young Alexander Mackenzie, 6th Earl of Kintail. James then arrested him, along with the other chiefs, on their arrival. Mackenzie clan histories relate that, although several chiefs were executed or imprisoned, Alexander, due to his youth, was instead sent to Perth to attend school. Alexander's uncles attempted to seize control of Kintail, but the constable Duncan Macaulay continued to hold Eilean Donan on his behalf. Fionnla Dubh mac Gillechriosd, considered by clan historians to be the founder of the Clan Macrae in Kintail, was dispatched to fetch the young laird back. During his lairdship Alexander appears to have supported the monarchy against the MacDonald Lords of the Isles and was allegedly rewarded by another charter of Kintail in 1463. Alexander died in about 1488 at a great age, and was succeeded by Kenneth Mackenzie, 7th of Kintail who won the Battle of Blar Na Pairce against the MacDonalds. Kenneth died a few years later and was succeeded first by his eldest son, then on his death in 1497 by his second son, John of Killin, who was still a minor. His uncle, Hector Roy Mackenzie, attempted to usurp the Mackenzie lands and installed his own constable in Eilean Donan, Malcolm Mac Ian Charrich Macrae. Hector's lawless activities caused the Mackenzies to be branded rebels, and in 1503 the Earl of Huntly offered to deliver Eilean Donan to the king, and to hold it on his behalf. James IV supplied a ship to support the enterprise. Eventually, John compelled his uncle to relinquish his claim, and Hector agreed to hand over Eilean Donan. The constable refused however, and John's supporters laid siege. Malcolm Mac Ian Charrich was eventually persuaded by Hector to relinquish the castle, after which he was dismissed as constable and Christopher Macrae (Gillechriosd Mac Fionnlagh Mhic Rath) was appointed in his place in around 1511. John of Killin obtained a further charter of Kintail and Eilean Donan in 1509.
In 1539, Donald Gorm Macdonald of Sleat ravaged the lands of MacLeod of Dunvegan on Skye and then attacked the Mackenzie lands of Kinlochewe, where Miles (Maolmure), brother of Christopher Macrae, was killed. After a series of retaliatory raids, Donald Gorm learned that Eilean Donan was weakly garrisoned and launched a surprise attack. In fact, only two people were in the castle: the recently appointed constable Iain Dubh Matheson and the warden. Duncan MacGillechriosd of the Clan Macrae, son of the former constable, arrived at the start of the attack and killed several MacDonalds at the postern gate. Arrows launched by the attackers killed Matheson and the warden, but MacGillechriosd managed to hit Donald Gorm with his last arrow, fatally wounding Gorm, and the Macdonalds retreated. Duncan MacGillechriosd expected to be appointed as the new constable but was considered too headstrong: the local clergyman John MacMhurchaidh Dhuibh (John Murchison) was appointed as a compromise between rival Macrae and Maclennan interests. Furious at this treatment, MacGillechriosd left Kintail and joined the service of Lord Lovat, though he eventually returned to settle at Inverinate. Meanwhile, an aggrieved Maclennan apparently shot MacMhurchaidh in the buttocks with an arrow.
MacGillechriosd's son Christopher Macrae became constable of Eilean Donan in turn, and held the castle during yet another clan feud, this time between the Mackenzies and the MacDonalds of Glengarry. Feuding broke out in 1580 and continued for almost 25 years. In around 1602 Eilean Donan was the base for a sea skirmish at the narrows of Kyle Rhea led by Christopher's son Duncan. During the action the MacDonalds were driven on to the Cailleach Rock at the eastern tip of Skye and Angus, son of MacDonald of Glengarry, was killed. Christopher was succeeded as constable by the Rev. Murdoch Murchison, minister of Kintail.
Kenneth Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of Seaforth, was brought up at Eilean Donan by Rev. Farquhar Macrae
The Rev. Farquhar Macrae, son of Christopher Macrae, was born at the castle in 1580. After attending Edinburgh University and taking holy orders, in 1618 he was appointed constable of the castle and minister of Kintail on the death of Murdoch Murchison. Colin Mackenzie of Kintail was created Earl of Seaforth in 1623. He lived mainly at Chanonry of Ross in Fortrose, but made regular visits to Eilean Donan where the constable was required to entertain him and his retinue of between 300 and 500 retainers, as well as the neighbouring lairds. In 1635 George Mackenzie, 2nd Earl of Seaforth, appointed Farquhar as tutor to his six-year-old son Kenneth, who was subsequently raised at Eilean Donan.
In the civil wars of the mid 17th century, the Earl of Seaforth sided with Charles I. In 1650, after the king's execution, the Parliament of Scotland ordered a garrison to Eilean Donan. The local people did not welcome the garrison. When a party of 30 soldiers came out from the castle to request provisions from the local people, a band of 10 men who opposed their demands met the occupiers. An argument broke out, which led to the garrison men being driven off with several casualties. Shortly thereafter the garrison departed. The following year the Earl's brother, Simon Mackenzie of Lochslin, gathered troops for the royalist cause around Eilean Donan. For reasons unrecorded, he fell out with Farquhar Macrae and demanded his removal from the castle. Farquhar initially resisted, and despite interventions by the young Kenneth, had to be marched out by Lochslin and George Mackenzie (later Earl of Cromartie). He was finally persuaded to leave without violence, stating that he was too old to dwell in the cold castle. Farquhar was thus the last constable to dwell in Eilean Donan until its reconstruction, although he retained the ministry of Kintail until his death in 1662, at the age of 82.
After this time, the castle was briefly occupied by the Earl of Balcarres and his wife, who were in the Highlands in support of the Earl of Glencairn's royalist uprising, although Balcarres later disagreed with Glencairn and departed. In June 1654 General Monck, Oliver Cromwell's military governor in Scotland, marched through Kintail while suppressing the uprising. His troops destroyed much property, and stole 360 of Farquhar Macrae's cattle, though only one man was killed.
In 1689, King James VII of the House of Stuart was declared to have to forfeit the throne, and the crown was offered to William of Orange, in the so-called "Glorious Revolution". The revolution also established Presbyterianism in Scotland, although the Highlands generally remained Roman Catholic and loyal to the Stuarts. A series of Jacobite risings followed, leading to an increased military presence in Scotland as government forces attempted to penetrate and subdue the Highlands. In 1714 while surveying fortifications for the government, the military engineer Lewis Petit made the only surviving drawing of Eilean Donan. The sketch-elevation and carefully drawn plan show a dilapidated castle, largely roofless but for a small building by the entrance.
A major Jacobite uprising took place in 1715. Led by the Earl of Mar, it was an attempt to restore the exiled James Stuart, the "Old Pretender", to the throne. William Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Seaforth, joined the Jacobite army, leading out men of the Clan Mackenzie and Clan Macrae. The Macraes mustered at Eilean Donan, and are said to have danced on the roof of the castle before setting out to the Battle of Sheriffmuir where 58 Macraes were among the Jacobite dead. The battle was indecisive and the rising collapsed soon after.
Following the failure of the rising of 1715, the Jacobites found new support from Spain, now opposing both Britain and France in the War of the Quadruple Alliance. The Duke of Ormonde led the main invasion fleet from Spain, while an advance party of 300 Spanish soldiers under George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal, arrived in Loch Duich in April 1719, and occupied Eilean Donan Castle. The expected uprising of Highlanders did not occur, and the main Spanish invasion force never arrived. At the beginning of May, the Royal Navy sent ships to the area. Early in the morning on Sunday 10 May 1719 HMS Worcester, HMS Flamborough and HMS Enterprise anchored off Eilean Donan and sent a boat ashore under a flag of truce to negotiate. When the Spanish soldiers in the castle fired at the boat, it was recalled and all three frigates opened fire on the castle for an hour or more.[40] The next day the bombardment continued while a landing party was prepared. In the evening under the cover of an intense cannonade, a detachment went ashore in the ships' boats and captured the castle against little resistance. According to Worcester's log, in the castle were "an Irishman, a captain, a Spanish lieutenant, a serjeant, one Scottish rebel and 39 Spanish soldiers, 343 barrels of powder and 52 barrels of musquet shot." The naval force spent the next two days in the castle and landed 27 barrels of gunpowder. The frigates' official logs are curiously worded, perhaps to conceal the reputed fact that the Macraes succeeded jn destroying the castle although in naval hands, in order to prevent the English from garrisoning it: at all events, the castle was demolished by the gunpowder exploding. Flamborough then took the Spanish prisoners to Edinburgh. The remaining Spanish troops were defeated on 10 June at the Battle of Glen Shiel.
Between 1919 and 1932, the castle was rebuilt by Lt. Col. John MacRae-Gilstrap. The restoration included the construction of an arched bridge to give easier access to the island. Macrae-Gilstrap also established a war memorial dedicated to the men of the MacRae clan who died in the First World War. The memorial is adorned with lines from John McCrae's poem "In Flanders Fields", and is flanked by grey field guns from the war. Eilean Donan was opened to the public in 1955, and has since become a popular attraction: over 314,000 people visited in 2009, making it the third-most-visited castle in Scotland. In 1983 ownership of the castle was transferred to the Conchra Charitable Trust, established by the Macrae family to maintain and restore the castle, and a purpose-built visitor centre was opened on the landward side of the bridge in 1998.
The castle is regularly described as one of the most photographed monuments in Scotland, and is a recognised Scottish icon, frequently appearing on packaging and advertising for shortbread, whisky and other products. Eilean Donan has made several appearances in films, beginning with Bonnie Prince Charlie in 1948 and The Master of Ballantrae in 1953. The castle was the setting for the 1980 short film Black Angel, filmed to accompany screenings of The Empire Strikes Back in cinemas. It featured prominently in Highlander (1986) as the home of Clan MacLeod, was backdrop to a dance scene in the Bollywood movie Kuch Kuch Hota Hai in 1998, and served as the Scottish headquarters of MI6 in The World Is Not Enough in 1999. In Elizabeth: The Golden Age Eilean Donan stood in for Fotheringhay Castle in England. In the movie Made of Honor Eilean Donan can be seen as home of the groom's family. The Tamil song "Kandukondain Kandukondain" from the movie of the same name was filmed in this location.
Viele Lehren sind wie eine Fensterscheibe.
Durch sie sehen wir die Wahrheit, aber sie trennt uns von der Wirklichkeit.
(Khalil Gibran)
Model: Antek Pyra
Foto+Bea: www.facebook.com/unplugged.photo
Con esta imagen se ven perfectamente las zonas de acumulación de material en el cráter Copérnico y las zonas adyacentes en oscuro , el material eyectado al impactar el meteorito que en la foto original se ven los minerales de color blanco vitrificado
With this image you can see perfectly the areas of accumulation of material in the Copernicus crater and the adjacent areas in dark, the material ejected when the meteorite impacts that in the original photo you can see the vitrified white minerals.
Processed by Pixinsight and PS
One of my favorite geysers in Yellowstone's Upper Geyser Basin.
Wish I would have caught it spouting away....
"Grotto Geyser is the namesake for the group of geysers that includes Grotto Fountain Geyser, South Grotto Fountain Geyser, Indicator Spring, Spa Geyser, and Rocket Geyser.
On September 18, 1870 members of the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition entered the Upper Geyser Basin where in a day and a half of exploration, they named seven geysers of which Grotto was one. Nathaniel P. Langford described the Grotto in his 1871 Scribner's account:
"The Grotto" was so named from its singular crater of vitrified sinter, full of large, sinuous apertures. Through one of these, on our first visit, one of our company crawled to the discharging orifice; and when, a few hours afterwards, he saw a volume of boiling water, four feet in diameter, shooting through, it to the height of sixty feet, and a scalding stream of two hundred inches flowing from the aperture he had entered a short time before, he concluded he had narrowly escaped being summarily cooked. The discharge of this geyser continued for nearly half an hour."
Wiki
Now that's an intrepid Explorer....!
Happy Friday!
Telescopio SC XLT 9.25"
Cámara QHY 5III 224C
Siete teselas obtenidas cada una de ellas de los mejores fotogramas de siete videos , aproximadamente 2000 fotogramas de cada video se han utilizado para generar el mosaico lunar. La toma de videos se ha realizado con Sharcap , el registrado de imágenes se ha realizado con Astrosurface y el procesado para obtener el color se ha realizado con Pixinsight y se ha finalizado con PS.
La Luna presenta coloraciones que es posible fotografiar con un telescopio o un teleobjetivo por un fotógrafo amateur. Destacan una serie de colores como el naranja en los mares donde predominan los minerales como la fayalita que contienen hierro como en el Mar de la Serenidad (Mare Serenitatis) o el azul donde predominan los minerales como la ilmenita que contienen titanio , también en los mares de la Luna como el Mar de la Tranquilidad (Mare Tranquillitatis).
Otros colores se adivinan como los rosáceos verdosos que se corresponden con feldespatos plagioclasa. y también se observan colores blancos y grises de mineral vitrificado por el impacto de meteoritos en las zonas de cráteres y adyacentes.
SC XLT 9.25" telescope
QHy 5III 224C camera
Seven tiles obtained each of them from the best frames of seven videos, approximately 2000 frames of each video have been used to generate the lunar mosaic. The taking of videos has been done with Sharcap, the image registration has been done with Astrosurface and the processing to obtain the color has been done with Pixinsight and it has been finalized with PS.
The Moon has colorations that can be photographed with a telescope or a telephoto lens by an amateur photographer. A series of colors stand out such as orange in the seas where minerals such as fayalite that contain iron predominate as in the Sea of Serenity (Mare Serenitatis) or blue where minerals such as ilmenite that contain titanium predominate, also in the seas of the Moon as the Sea of Tranquility (Mare Tranquillitatis).
Other colors are guessed as greenish pinks that correspond to plagioclase feldspars. And white and gray colors of vitrified mineral are also observed by the impact of meteorites in the crater and adjacent areas.
Eilean Donan is a small tidal island where three sea lochs meet, Loch Duich, Loch Long and Loch Alsh, in the western Highlands of Scotland. A picturesque castle that frequently appears in photographs, film and television dominates the island, which lies about 1 kilometre from the village of Dornie. Since the castle's restoration in the early 20th century, a footbridge has connected the island to the mainland.
Eilean Donan is part of the Kintail National Scenic Area, one of 40 in Scotland.
Eilean Donan, which means simply "island of Donnán", is named after Donnán of Eigg, a Celtic saint martyred in 617. Donnán is said to have established a church on the island, though no trace of this remains.
The castle was founded in the thirteenth century, and became a stronghold of the Clan Mackenzie and their allies the Clan MacRae. In the early eighteenth century, the Mackenzies' involvement in the Jacobite rebellions led in 1719 to the castle's destruction by government ships. Lieutenant-Colonel John Macrae-Gilstrap's twentieth-century reconstruction of the ruins produced the present buildings.It is possible that an early Christian monastic cell was founded on the island in the 6th or 7th century, dedicated to Donnán of Eigg, an Irish saint who was martyred on Eigg in April 617. No remains of any Christian buildings survive, though fragments of vitrified stone, subjected to very high temperatures, have been discovered indicating the presence of an Iron Age or early medieval fortification.
In the earlier thirteenth century, during the reign of Alexander II (ruled 1214–1249), a large curtain-wall castle (wall of enceinte) was constructed that enclosed much of the island. At this time the area was at the boundary of the Norse-Celtic Lordship of the Isles and the Earldom of Ross: Eilean Donan provided a strong defensive position against Norse expeditions. A founding legend relates that the son of a chief of the Mathesons acquired the power of communicating with the birds. As a result, and after many adventures overseas, he gained wealth, power, and the respect of Alexander II, who asked him to build the castle to defend his realm.
At a later date, the island became a stronghold of the Mackenzies of Kintail, originally vassals of William I, Earl of Ross. At this early stage, the castle is said to have been garrisoned by Macraes and Maclennans, both clans that were later closely associated with the Mackenzies. Traditional Mackenzie clan histories relate that Earl William sought advantage from the Treaty of Perth of 1266, by which King Magnus VI of Norway ceded the Hebrides to Scotland, and demanded that his kinsman Kenneth Mackenzie return the castle to allow his expansion into the islands. Mackenzie refused, and Earl William led an assault against Eilean Donan that the Mackenzies and their allies repulsed.
The Mackenzie clan histories also claim (with little, if any, supporting contemporary evidence), that Robert the Bruce sheltered at Eilean Donan during the winter of 1306 to 1307; the castle escaped any other involvement in the Wars of Scottish Independence. In 1331 Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, sent an officer to Eilean Donan to warn the occupants of his forthcoming visit. In preparation 50 wrongdoers were rounded up and executed, their heads being displayed on the castle walls to Moray's approval. By the middle of the 14th century the Mackenzies are said to have been on the losing side in the ongoing feuding with the Earls of Ross. William III, Earl of Ross granted Kintail to Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí in 1342. With the assistance of Leod Macgilleandrais, the Earl allegedly apprehended Kenneth Mackenzie, 3rd of Kintail, and had him executed in 1346 at Inverness. Through this period Eilean Donan is said to have been held by Duncan Macaulay for the Mackenzies, against the Earl and his allies. Kenneth's young son Murdo Mackenzie supposedly evaded the Earl's attempts to eliminate him, and on the return of David II from exile Murdo Mackenzie was allegedly confirmed in the lands of Kintail and Eilean Donan by a charter of 1362 (of which, however, no trace survives to the present day). At some point in the earlier 14th century it is thought that the Clan Macrae began to settle in Kintail as a body, having migrated from the Beauly Firth, and there gained the trust of the Mackenzie lairds through possible kinship and an advantageous marriage. The Macraes began to act as Mackenzie's bodyguards, acquiring the soubriquet "Mackenzie's shirt of mail".
James I, determined to pacify the Highlands, journeyed to Inverness in 1427 and invited the principal chiefs to meet him there. Allegedly among them was the young Alexander Mackenzie, 6th Earl of Kintail. James then arrested him, along with the other chiefs, on their arrival. Mackenzie clan histories relate that, although several chiefs were executed or imprisoned, Alexander, due to his youth, was instead sent to Perth to attend school. Alexander's uncles attempted to seize control of Kintail, but the constable Duncan Macaulay continued to hold Eilean Donan on his behalf. Fionnla Dubh mac Gillechriosd, considered by clan historians to be the founder of the Clan Macrae in Kintail, was dispatched to fetch the young laird back. During his lairdship Alexander appears to have supported the monarchy against the MacDonald Lords of the Isles and was allegedly rewarded by another charter of Kintail in 1463. Alexander died in about 1488 at a great age, and was succeeded by Kenneth Mackenzie, 7th of Kintail who won the Battle of Blar Na Pairce against the MacDonalds. Kenneth died a few years later and was succeeded first by his eldest son, then on his death in 1497 by his second son, John of Killin, who was still a minor. His uncle, Hector Roy Mackenzie, attempted to usurp the Mackenzie lands and installed his own constable in Eilean Donan, Malcolm Mac Ian Charrich Macrae. Hector's lawless activities caused the Mackenzies to be branded rebels, and in 1503 the Earl of Huntly offered to deliver Eilean Donan to the king, and to hold it on his behalf. James IV supplied a ship to support the enterprise. Eventually, John compelled his uncle to relinquish his claim, and Hector agreed to hand over Eilean Donan. The constable refused however, and John's supporters laid siege. Malcolm Mac Ian Charrich was eventually persuaded by Hector to relinquish the castle, after which he was dismissed as constable and Christopher Macrae (Gillechriosd Mac Fionnlagh Mhic Rath) was appointed in his place in around 1511. John of Killin obtained a further charter of Kintail and Eilean Donan in 1509.
In 1539, Donald Gorm Macdonald of Sleat ravaged the lands of MacLeod of Dunvegan on Skye, and then attacked the Mackenzie lands of Kinlochewe, where Miles (Maolmure), brother of Christopher Macrae, was killed. After a series of retaliatory raids, Donald Gorm learned that Eilean Donan was weakly garrisoned and launched a surprise attack. In fact, only two people were in the castle: the recently appointed constable Iain Dubh Matheson and the warden. Duncan MacGillechriosd of the Clan Macrae, son of the former constable, arrived at the start of the attack and killed several MacDonalds at the postern gate. Arrows launched by the attackers killed Matheson and the warden, but MacGillechriosd managed to hit Donald Gorm with his last arrow, fatally wounding Gorm, and the Macdonalds retreated. Duncan MacGillechriosd expected to be appointed as the new constable but was considered too headstrong: the local clergyman John MacMhurchaidh Dhuibh (John Murchison) was appointed as a compromise between rival Macrae and Maclennan interests. Furious at this treatment, MacGillechriosd left Kintail and joined the service of Lord Lovat, though he eventually returned to settle at Inverinate. Meanwhile, an aggrieved Maclennan apparently shot MacMhurchaidh in the buttocks with an arrow.
MacGillechriosd's son Christopher Macrae became constable of Eilean Donan in turn, and held the castle during yet another clan feud, this time between the Mackenzies and the MacDonalds of Glengarry. Feuding broke out in 1580 and continued for almost 25 years. In around 1602 Eilean Donan was the base for a sea skirmish at the narrows of Kyle Rhea led by Christopher's son Duncan. During the action the MacDonalds were driven on to the Cailleach Rock at the eastern tip of Skye and Angus, son of MacDonald of Glengarry, was killed. Christopher was succeeded as constable by the Rev. Murdoch Murchison, minister of Kintail.
Kenneth Mackenzie, 3rd Earl of Seaforth, was brought up at Eilean Donan by Rev. Farquhar Macrae
The Rev. Farquhar Macrae, son of Christopher Macrae, was born at the castle in 1580. After attending Edinburgh University and taking holy orders, in 1618 he was appointed constable of the castle and minister of Kintail on the death of Murdoch Murchison. Colin Mackenzie of Kintail was created Earl of Seaforth in 1623. He lived mainly at Chanonry of Ross in Fortrose, but made regular visits to Eilean Donan where the constable was required to entertain him and his retinue of between 300 and 500 retainers, as well as the neighbouring lairds. In 1635 George Mackenzie, 2nd Earl of Seaforth, appointed Farquhar as tutor to his six-year-old son Kenneth, who was subsequently raised at Eilean Donan.
In the civil wars of the mid 17th century, the Earl of Seaforth sided with Charles I. In 1650, after the king's execution, the Parliament of Scotland ordered a garrison to Eilean Donan. The local people did not welcome the garrison. When a party of 30 soldiers came out from the castle to request provisions from the local people, a band of 10 men who opposed their demands met the occupiers. An argument broke out, which led to the garrison men being driven off with several casualties. Shortly thereafter the garrison departed. The following year the Earl's brother, Simon Mackenzie of Lochslin, gathered troops for the royalist cause around Eilean Donan. For reasons unrecorded, he fell out with Farquhar Macrae and demanded his removal from the castle. Farquhar initially resisted, and despite interventions by the young Kenneth, had to be marched out by Lochslin and George Mackenzie (later Earl of Cromartie). He was finally persuaded to leave without violence, stating that he was too old to dwell in the cold castle. Farquhar was thus the last constable to dwell in Eilean Donan until its reconstruction, although he retained the ministry of Kintail until his death in 1662, at the age of 82.
After this time, the castle was briefly occupied by the Earl of Balcarres and his wife, who were in the Highlands in support of the Earl of Glencairn's royalist uprising, although Balcarres later disagreed with Glencairn and departed. In June 1654 General Monck, Oliver Cromwell's military governor in Scotland, marched through Kintail while suppressing the uprising. His troops destroyed much property, and stole 360 of Farquhar Macrae's cattle, though only one man was killed.
In 1689, King James VII of the House of Stuart was declared to have to forfeit the throne, and the crown was offered to William of Orange, in the so-called "Glorious Revolution". The revolution also established Presbyterianism in Scotland, although the Highlands generally remained Roman Catholic and loyal to the Stuarts. A series of Jacobite risings followed, leading to an increased military presence in Scotland as government forces attempted to penetrate and subdue the Highlands. In 1714 while surveying fortifications for the government, the military engineer Lewis Petit made the only surviving drawing of Eilean Donan. The sketch-elevation and carefully drawn plan show a dilapidated castle, largely roofless but for a small building by the entrance.
A major Jacobite uprising took place in 1715. Led by the Earl of Mar, it was an attempt to restore the exiled James Stuart, the "Old Pretender", to the throne. William Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Seaforth, joined the Jacobite army, leading out men of the Clan Mackenzie and Clan Macrae. The Macraes mustered at Eilean Donan, and are said to have danced on the roof of the castle before setting out to the Battle of Sheriffmuir where 58 Macraes were among the Jacobite dead. The battle was indecisive and the rising collapsed soon after.
Following the failure of the rising of 1715, the Jacobites found new support from Spain, now opposing both Britain and France in the War of the Quadruple Alliance. The Duke of Ormonde led the main invasion fleet from Spain, while an advance party of 300 Spanish soldiers under George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal, arrived in Loch Duich in April 1719, and occupied Eilean Donan Castle. The expected uprising of Highlanders did not occur, and the main Spanish invasion force never arrived. At the beginning of May, the Royal Navy sent ships to the area. Early in the morning on Sunday 10 May 1719 HMS Worcester, HMS Flamborough and HMS Enterprise anchored off Eilean Donan and sent a boat ashore under a flag of truce to negotiate. When the Spanish soldiers in the castle fired at the boat, it was recalled and all three ships opened fire on the castle for an hour or more. The next day the bombardment continued while a landing party was prepared. In the evening under the cover of an intense cannonade, a detachment went ashore in the ships' boats and captured the castle against little resistance. According to Worcester's log, in the castle were "an Irishman, a captain, a Spanish lieutenant, a serjeant, one Scotch rebel and 39 Spanish soldiers, 343 barrels of powder and 52 barrels of musquet shot." The naval force spent the next two days and 27 barrels of gunpowder demolishing the castle. Flamborough then took the Spanish prisoners to Edinburgh. The remaining Spanish troops were defeated on 10 June at the Battle of Glen Shiel.
Between 1919 and 1932, the castle was rebuilt by Lt. Col. John MacRae-Gilstrap. The restoration included the construction of an arched bridge to give easier access to the island. Macrae-Gilstrap also established a war memorial dedicated to the men of the MacRae clan who died in the First World War. The memorial is adorned with lines from John McCrae's poem "In Flanders Fields", and is flanked by grey field guns from the war. Eilean Donan was opened to the public in 1955, and has since become a popular attraction: over 314,000 people visited in 2009, making it the third-most-visited castle in Scotland. In 1983 ownership of the castle was transferred to the Conchra Charitable Trust, established by the Macrae family to maintain and restore the castle, and a purpose-built visitor centre was opened on the landward side of the bridge in 1998.
Clan MacRae Roll of Honour inside Eilean Donan Castle grounds, added during the restoration.
The castle is regularly described as one of the most photographed monuments in Scotland, and is a recognised Scottish icon, frequently appearing on packaging and advertising for shortbread, whisky and other products. Eilean Donan has made several appearances in films, beginning with Bonnie Prince Charlie in 1948 and The Master of Ballantrae in 1953. The castle was the setting for the 1980 short film Black Angel, filmed to accompany screenings of The Empire Strikes Back in cinemas. It featured prominently in Highlander (1986) as the home of Clan MacLeod, was backdrop to a dance scene in the Bollywood movie Kuch Kuch Hota Hai in 1998, and served as the Scottish headquarters of MI6 in The World Is Not Enough in 1999. In Elizabeth: The Golden Age Eilean Donan stood in for Fotheringhay Castle in England. In the movie Made of Honor Eilean Donan can be seen as home of the groom's family.
This specimen is from about 3 miles north from the Pine Park caldera, The glassy rhyolite ash vesicules have been collapsed, indicating a compression/welding process before the vesicles collapsed, otherwise this rock might be a pumice. Includes some porphyritic clasts and spherical compressed clasts (accretionary lapilli?) The pine park caldera is one of the smaller super volcano calderas of the Nevada-Utah ignimbrite belt. Specimen is 13 cm long.
Ceramics is the most notable craft activity in Úbeda, inherited from the mudéjar era. The crafted pieces are very random, but the most popular are the vitrified in green or brown colors, decorated with fretwork, incisions and filigree performed from white clay.
Circa late 18th century - The Grotto at Flitwick Manor in Flitwick, Bedfordshire on 01 August 2021. Grade II listed.
Some of the older cars visiting the Flitwick Lockdown Car Show were parked next to the Manor.
The following is from the Historic England website.
Name: THE GROTTO, APPROXIMATELY 50 METRES SOUTH WEST OF FLITWICK MANOR
Designation Type: Listing
Grade: II
List UID: 1321732
Garden building, called the Grotto. Later C18. Red brick with some vitrified bricks. Main part of each facade has clinker and blue glass cladding with red brick dressings. Takes form of small bridge, the archway room beneath retaining its pebblework decoration to ceiling and floor and to parts of walls. W elevation: Gothic style. Pointed archway flanked by 2 small quatrefoil windows. E elevation: Classical style facade in 3 bays, articulated by brick pilasters which become piers of central round arch. This has brick keystone and impost bands. Flanking bays have round-arched niches. Parapet has brick band at base, stone coping, and vermiculated stone panel to each bay.
Travelling back home from shopping at Tesco Huntly I diverted off the A96 as there were lorries in front of me and the weather and light were so special, I simply wasn't rushing, this is what I found as the late afternoon sun started to dip.
The hill right is Tap O Noth with its ancient vitrified hill fort.
5 shot joiner 100+mb file available on request.