View allAll Photos Tagged vehicle_enhancement
Photo taken at Kungsholmstorg on Gärdesloppet, or Prins Bertil Memorial, Stockholm, Sweden.
Driver: Jonas Palbark.
Ford sold the Fairlane between 1955 and 1970, with its name being derived from Henry Ford's estate, Fair Lane, near Dearborn, Michigan. Initially, it was a full-sized car but later became a mid-sized car from the 1962 model year. The first generation Fairlane was sold in 1955 and 1956.
Styling for 1956 was essentially a mild update of the 1955 design. Safety was emphasized, with these production-vehicle enhancements called their Lifeguard Design.
A total of 665,106 examples of the Fairlane were sold in 1956, accounting for nearly fifty percent of Ford's total US sales.
Pictured is Zafari, from 102 Military Working Dogs Sqn, and his handler ready to take part in a live fire exercise on the Sennelager Ranges in Germany.
Zafari is wearing a body cooler, paw protectors, goggles and ear defenders.
102 Military Working Dogs (MWD) Squadron are part of 1st Military Working Dog Regiment...The LFTT training not only allows the soldiers to undertake their contingency readiness requirement, but also allows the dogs of the squadron to undertake enhanced battle induction, simulating some of the possible stresses of battle that they could encounter on current or future operations. ..Live firing and movement around the battlefield provides a demanding environment to hone the soldier’s skills, not just for combat but as a dog handler also. ..For the Military Dogs, the experience of live firing and explosions reduces their tendency to be scared by the sounds of weapons firing and explosions allowing them to become calm and controlled in stressful situations...The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment’s mission is to deliver Military Working Dog and Veterinary capability in support of Field Army outputs...Delivering a wide range of Military Working Dog capabilities, the Regiment plays a pivotal role in supporting a number of key activities including; counter insurgency operations, the detection of Improvised Explosive Devices, assistance in the searching of routes, buildings and vehicles, enhancing security and patrolling key installations.
The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment consists of three Regular and two Reserve Military Working Dog Squadrons, comprising 299 Regular soldiers and officers with the ability to surge to a maximum capacity of 384 Military Working Dogs.
-------------------------------------------------------
© Crown Copyright 2014
Photographer: Mr Dominic King
Image 45160267.jpg from www.defenceimages.mod.uk
Use of this image is subject to the terms and conditions of the MoD News Licence at www.defenceimagery.mod.uk/fotoweb/20121001_Crown_copyrigh...
For latest news visit www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ministry-of-defence
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Pictured is Bracken, from 102 Military Working Dogs Sqn, and his handler ready to take part in a live fire exercise on the Sennelager Ranges in Germany.
Bracken is wearing a dog carrying harness.
102 Military Working Dogs (MWD) Squadron are part of 1st Military Working Dog Regiment...The LFTT training not only allows the soldiers to undertake their contingency readiness requirement, but also allows the dogs of the squadron to undertake enhanced battle induction, simulating some of the possible stresses of battle that they could encounter on current or future operations. ..Live firing and movement around the battlefield provides a demanding environment to hone the soldier’s skills, not just for combat but as a dog handler also. ..For the Military Dogs, the experience of live firing and explosions reduces their tendency to be scared by the sounds of weapons firing and explosions allowing them to become calm and controlled in stressful situations...The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment’s mission is to deliver Military Working Dog and Veterinary capability in support of Field Army outputs...Delivering a wide range of Military Working Dog capabilities, the Regiment plays a pivotal role in supporting a number of key activities including; counter insurgency operations, the detection of Improvised Explosive Devices, assistance in the searching of routes, buildings and vehicles, enhancing security and patrolling key installations.
The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment consists of three Regular and two Reserve Military Working Dog Squadrons, comprising 299 Regular soldiers and officers with the ability to surge to a maximum capacity of 384 Military Working Dogs.
-------------------------------------------------------
© Crown Copyright 2014
Photographer: Mr Dominic King
Image 45160269.jpg from www.defenceimages.mod.uk
Use of this image is subject to the terms and conditions of the MoD News Licence at www.defenceimagery.mod.uk/fotoweb/20121001_Crown_copyrigh...
For latest news visit www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ministry-of-defence
Follow us:
Pictured is Zafari, from 102 Military Working Dogs Sqn, and his handler ready to take part in a live fire exercise on the Sennelager Ranges in Germany.
Zafari is wearing a body cooler, paw protectors, goggles and ear defenders.
102 Military Working Dogs (MWD) Squadron are part of 1st Military Working Dog Regiment...The LFTT training not only allows the soldiers to undertake their contingency readiness requirement, but also allows the dogs of the squadron to undertake enhanced battle induction, simulating some of the possible stresses of battle that they could encounter on current or future operations. ..Live firing and movement around the battlefield provides a demanding environment to hone the soldier’s skills, not just for combat but as a dog handler also. ..For the Military Dogs, the experience of live firing and explosions reduces their tendency to be scared by the sounds of weapons firing and explosions allowing them to become calm and controlled in stressful situations...The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment’s mission is to deliver Military Working Dog and Veterinary capability in support of Field Army outputs...Delivering a wide range of Military Working Dog capabilities, the Regiment plays a pivotal role in supporting a number of key activities including; counter insurgency operations, the detection of Improvised Explosive Devices, assistance in the searching of routes, buildings and vehicles, enhancing security and patrolling key installations.
The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment consists of three Regular and two Reserve Military Working Dog Squadrons, comprising 299 Regular soldiers and officers with the ability to surge to a maximum capacity of 384 Military Working Dogs.
-------------------------------------------------------
© Crown Copyright 2014
Photographer: Mr Dominic King
Image 45160266.jpg from www.defenceimages.mod.uk
Use of this image is subject to the terms and conditions of the MoD News Licence at www.defenceimagery.mod.uk/fotoweb/20121001_Crown_copyrigh...
For latest news visit www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ministry-of-defence
Follow us:
Pictured is Tracey, from 102 Military Working Dogs Sqn, and her handler ready to take part in a live fire exercise on the Sennelager Ranges in Germany.
Tracey is wearing a dog floatation device.
102 Military Working Dogs (MWD) Squadron are part of 1st Military Working Dog Regiment...The LFTT training not only allows the soldiers to undertake their contingency readiness requirement, but also allows the dogs of the squadron to undertake enhanced battle induction, simulating some of the possible stresses of battle that they could encounter on current or future operations. ..Live firing and movement around the battlefield provides a demanding environment to hone the soldier’s skills, not just for combat but as a dog handler also. ..For the Military Dogs, the experience of live firing and explosions reduces their tendency to be scared by the sounds of weapons firing and explosions allowing them to become calm and controlled in stressful situations...The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment’s mission is to deliver Military Working Dog and Veterinary capability in support of Field Army outputs...Delivering a wide range of Military Working Dog capabilities, the Regiment plays a pivotal role in supporting a number of key activities including; counter insurgency operations, the detection of Improvised Explosive Devices, assistance in the searching of routes, buildings and vehicles, enhancing security and patrolling key installations.
The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment consists of three Regular and two Reserve Military Working Dog Squadrons, comprising 299 Regular soldiers and officers with the ability to surge to a maximum capacity of 384 Military Working Dogs.
-------------------------------------------------------
© Crown Copyright 2014
Photographer: Mr Dominic King
Image 45160268.jpg from www.defenceimages.mod.uk
Use of this image is subject to the terms and conditions of the MoD News Licence at www.defenceimagery.mod.uk/fotoweb/20121001_Crown_copyrigh...
For latest news visit www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ministry-of-defence
Follow us:
Pictured is Dog and its handler from 102 Military Working Dogs Sqn taking part in a live fire exercise on the Sennelager Ranges in Germany.
102 Military Working Dogs (MWD) Squadron are part of 1st Military Working Dog Regiment...The LFTT training not only allows the soldiers to undertake their contingency readiness requirement, but also allows the dogs of the squadron to undertake enhanced battle induction, simulating some of the possible stresses of battle that they could encounter on current or future operations. ..Live firing and movement around the battlefield provides a demanding environment to hone the soldier’s skills, not just for combat but as a dog handler also. ..For the Military Dogs, the experience of live firing and explosions reduces their tendency to be scared by the sounds of weapons firing and explosions allowing them to become calm and controlled in stressful situations...The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment’s mission is to deliver Military Working Dog and Veterinary capability in support of Field Army outputs...Delivering a wide range of Military Working Dog capabilities, the Regiment plays a pivotal role in supporting a number of key activities including; counter insurgency operations, the detection of Improvised Explosive Devices, assistance in the searching of routes, buildings and vehicles, enhancing security and patrolling key installations.
The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment consists of three Regular and two Reserve Military Working Dog Squadrons, comprising 299 Regular soldiers and officers with the ability to surge to a maximum capacity of 384 Military Working Dogs.
-------------------------------------------------------
© Crown Copyright 2014
Photographer: Mr Dominic King
Image 45160270.jpg from www.defenceimages.mod.uk
This image is available for high resolution download at www.defenceimagery.mod.uk subject to the terms and conditions of the Open Government License at www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/. Search for image number 45160270.jpg
For latest news visit www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ministry-of-defence
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Pictured are Dogs and their handlers from 102 Military Working Dogs Sqn taking part in a live fire exercise on the Sennelager Ranges in Germany.
102 Military Working Dogs (MWD) Squadron are part of 1st Military Working Dog Regiment...The LFTT training not only allows the soldiers to undertake their contingency readiness requirement, but also allows the dogs of the squadron to undertake enhanced battle induction, simulating some of the possible stresses of battle that they could encounter on current or future operations. ..Live firing and movement around the battlefield provides a demanding environment to hone the soldier’s skills, not just for combat but as a dog handler also. ..For the Military Dogs, the experience of live firing and explosions reduces their tendency to be scared by the sounds of weapons firing and explosions allowing them to become calm and controlled in stressful situations...The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment’s mission is to deliver Military Working Dog and Veterinary capability in support of Field Army outputs...Delivering a wide range of Military Working Dog capabilities, the Regiment plays a pivotal role in supporting a number of key activities including; counter insurgency operations, the detection of Improvised Explosive Devices, assistance in the searching of routes, buildings and vehicles, enhancing security and patrolling key installations.
The 1st Military Working Dog Regiment consists of three Regular and two Reserve Military Working Dog Squadrons, comprising 299 Regular soldiers and officers with the ability to surge to a maximum capacity of 384 Military Working Dogs.
-------------------------------------------------------
© Crown Copyright 2014
Photographer: Mr Dominic King
Image 45160264.jpg from www.defenceimages.mod.uk
Use of this image is subject to the terms and conditions of the MoD News Licence at www.defenceimagery.mod.uk/fotoweb/20121001_Crown_copyrigh...
For latest news visit www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ministry-of-defence
Follow us:
This set of images shows post-conversion work performed to take my 2005, Texas-based Pontiac GTO back to its Aussie Holden roots. Looks much better. A few small details here and there also go a long way sometimes.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit acquired from JHP Vehicle Enhancements in Melbourne, Australia.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit painted and installed along with rear badged by Colour House of Texas, Bertram, Texas.
Additional mods found here and there and added by yours truly.
You'd think that a supercharged Ford V8 with 335 kW and near 600Nm would be hard top. That you might just give up and go home.
It doesn't work like that in Australia though. Holden had long had horsepower one-upmanship until the Supercharged Ford appeared, so a measured response was always likely to be forthcoming.
HSV (Holden Special Vehicles - Holden's inhouse hotshop) revived the revered GTS moniker, fist used on the Monaro Coupe in the 1960s muscle car era, to name the car. The key ingredient being a 6.2 litre V8, also equipped with a supercharger, to output an astounding 430kW and 740Nm. This bested the fastest Ford by nearly 100kW and 150Nm.
This was not the end of the story however, as third party ran both vehicles (the Ford being the final GT-F 351kW edition), and found, to their surprise, that the Ford laid down a mean 348.6kW at the rear wheels, while the GTS 'only' managed 339.6kW. Close, but no cigar.
Story can be found here:
www.motoring.com.au/news/2014/sports/ford-performance-veh...
Let it be said that I am not surprised - Holden was always big on stretching the truth, and the Ford Miami supercharged V8 has way more going on than is said in any official documents.
Nonetheless, the Eastern Rebels thought they might try their hand at a vehicle enhancement, and kitted out this HSV GTS to the nines, and wrapped it in some giant band-aid tires and their trademark Black-Dark Grey-Yellow paint scheme.
This Lego miniland-scale HSV GTS Sedan has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 87th Build Challenge, - "A Tale of Two Rivals", - a challenge where the models are dressed in the livery of either of two fictional car customising houses: The Western Outlaws: Red Black, Tan. Or Eastern rebels: Yellow, Black and Dark Grey.
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You'd think that a supercharged Ford V8 with 335 kW and near 600Nm would be hard top. That you might just give up and go home.
It doesn't work like that in Australia though. Holden had long had horsepower one-upmanship until the Supercharged Ford appeared, so a measured response was always likely to be forthcoming.
HSV (Holden Special Vehicles - Holden's inhouse hotshop) revived the revered GTS moniker, fist used on the Monaro Coupe in the 1960s muscle car era, to name the car. The key ingredient being a 6.2 litre V8, also equipped with a supercharger, to output an astounding 430kW and 740Nm. This bested the fastest Ford by nearly 100kW and 150Nm.
This was not the end of the story however, as third party ran both vehicles (the Ford being the final GT-F 351kW edition), and found, to their surprise, that the Ford laid down a mean 348.6kW at the rear wheels, while the GTS 'only' managed 339.6kW. Close, but no cigar.
Story can be found here:
www.motoring.com.au/news/2014/sports/ford-performance-veh...
Let it be said that I am not surprised - Holden was always big on stretching the truth, and the Ford Miami supercharged V8 has way more going on than is said in any official documents.
Nonetheless, the Eastern Rebels thought they might try their hand at a vehicle enhancement, and kitted out this HSV GTS to the nines, and wrapped it in some giant band-aid tires and their trademark Black-Dark Grey-Yellow paint scheme.
This Lego miniland-scale HSV GTS Sedan has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 87th Build Challenge, - "A Tale of Two Rivals", - a challenge where the models are dressed in the livery of either of two fictional car customising houses: The Western Outlaws: Red Black, Tan. Or Eastern rebels: Yellow, Black and Dark Grey.
W124
In 1984 Mercedes-Benz introduced a revised range of seven medium-sized 'E-Class' saloons, all sharing the new W124 body style. When introduced, this state-of-the art example of automotive technology possessed one of lowest drag coefficients of any passenger vehicle. Enhanced safety had been another priority, while within the passenger cabin there were numerous clever features contrived to minimise injuries in the event of an accident. Needless to say, build quality and reliability were both excellent. Workmanship that is still today hailed as one of the greatest Mercedes-Benz chassis. Larger-engine versions were added as the range matured, before the W124's ultimate expression - the 500 E - arrived in 1991. First shown at the Paris Salon in 1990, the 500 E sports saloon had been developed with assistance from Porsche (it was hand built at Porsche's Zuffenhausen factory) each and every 500 E being transported back and forth between the Mercedes plant and Porsche's Rossle-Bau plant in Zuffenhausen, Germany during assembly. Each car took a full 18 days to complete. The 500 E & facelift E 500 W124's were only produced in left hand drive for all markets. This example is a Limited, with specially designed black, grey two tone gradation leather seats combined with the signature Limited dark wood veneers. Despite possessing all the luxury accoutrements associated with a range-topping Mercedes-Benz, it was contrived to be lighter than the 500 SL sports car. Powered by the latter's 5,0-litre, 32-valve, 326 bhp V8, the 500 E delivered shattering performance, reaching 100 km/h (62 mph) in 6,1 seconds and topping out at around 260 km/h (162 mph). When the W124 range was face-lifted in 1993, model designations changed from suffix to prefix, the 500 E becoming the E 500.
The E 500 Limited was a special-edition version of the face-lifted model produced in small numbers (under 500) between 1994 and 1995. Usually supplied with every available option as standard, the Limited also came with a special two-tone interior featuring bird's-eye maple wood embellishment; 17" EVO-II alloy wheels; passenger and driver airbags; and 'Mercedes-Benz' stamped stainless steel door sills. It is much sought after by aficionados of Mercedes-Benz's classic high-performance models. As of June 2011, an example of a 1995 E 500 Limited is on display in the new Porsche Museum in Zuffenhausen, Germany.
This superb E 500 Limited had enjoyed only two owners prior to its acquisition by the current vendor. The car was originally ordered in December 1994 (order no. 04 242 02253) and was supplied new to Mercedes-Benz Leipzig in 1995. Subsequently exported, it is finished in Sapphire Black with E 500 Limited leather interior, and is presented in generally excellent condition. The car is offered with its original service booklet, extensive service invoices, owners manual, and a UK V5C registration document alongside road fitness certificate (MOT).
Les Grandes Marques du Monde au Grand Palais
Bonhams
Sold for € 31.050
Estimated : € 20.000 - 25.000
Parijs - Paris
Frankrijk - France
February 2017
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Northrop Grumman (formerly Grumman) EA-6B "Prowler" is a twin-engine, four-seat, mid-wing electronic-warfare aircraft derived from the A-6 "Intruder" airframe. The EA-6A was the initial electronic warfare version of the A-6 used by the United States Marine Corps and United States Navy. Development on the more advanced EA-6B began in 1966. An EA-6B aircrew consists of one pilot and three Electronic Countermeasures Officers, though it is not uncommon for only two ECMOs to be used on missions. It is capable of carrying and firing anti-radiation missiles (ARMs), such as the AGM-88 HARM missile.
The Prowler was in service with the U.S. Armed Forces from 1971 until 2019. It has carried out numerous missions for jamming enemy radar systems, and in gathering radio intelligence on those and other enemy air defense systems. From the 1998 retirement of the United States Air Force EF-111 "Raven" electronic warfare aircraft, the EA-6B was the only dedicated electronic warfare plane available for missions by the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Marine Corps, and the U.S. Air Force until the fielding of the Navy's EA-18G "Growler" in 2009. Following its last deployment in late 2014, the EA-6B was withdrawn from U.S. Navy service in June 2015, followed by the USMC in March 2019.
Origins
The EA-6A "Electric Intruder" was developed for the U.S. Marine Corps during the 1960s to replace its EF-10B "Skyknights". The EA-6A was a direct conversion of the standard A-6 "Intruder" airframe, with two seats, equipped with electronic warfare (EW) equipment. The EA-6A was used by three Marine Corps squadrons during the Vietnam War. A total of 27 EA-6As were produced, with 15 of these being newly manufactured ones. Most of these EA-6As were retired from service in the 1970s with the last few being used by the Navy with two electronic attack "aggressor" squadrons, with all examples finally retired in the 1990s. The EA-6A was essentially an interim warplane until the more-advanced EA-6B could be designed and built.
The substantially redesigned and more advanced EA-6B was developed beginning in 1966 as a replacement for EKA-3B "Skywarriors" for the U.S. Navy. The forward fuselage was lengthened to create a rear area for a larger four-seat cockpit, and an antenna fairing was added to the tip of its vertical stabilizer. Grumman was awarded a $12.7 million contract to develop an EA-6B prototype on 14 November 1966. The "Prowler" first flew on 25 May 1968, and it entered service on aircraft carriers in July 1971. Three prototype EA-6Bs were converted from A-6As, and five EA-6Bs were developmental airplanes. A total of 170 EA-6B production aircraft were manufactured from 1966 through 1991.
The EA-6B "Prowler" is powered by two Pratt & Whitney J52 turbojet engines, and it is capable of high subsonic speeds. Due to its extensive electronic warfare operations, and the aircraft's age (produced until 1991), the EA-6B is a high-maintenance aircraft, and has undergone many frequent equipment upgrades. Although designed as an electronic warfare and command-and-control aircraft for air strike missions, the EA-6B is also capable of attacking some surface targets on its own, in particular enemy radar sites and surface-to-air missile launchers. In addition, the EA-6B is capable of gathering electronic signals intelligence.
The EA-6B "Prowler" has been continually upgraded over the years. The first such upgrade was named "expanded capability" (EXCAP) beginning in 1973. Then came "improved capability" (ICAP) in 1976 and ICAP II in 1980. The ICAP II upgrade provided the EA-6B with the capability of firing Shrike missiles and AGM-88 HARM missiles.
Advanced Capability EA-6B
The Advanced Capability EA-6B "Prowler" (ADVCAP) was a development program initiated to improve the flying qualities of the EA-6B and to upgrade the avionics and electronic warfare systems. The intention was to modify all EA-6Bs into the ADVCAP configuration, however the program was removed from the Fiscal Year 1995 budget due to financial pressure from competing Department of Defense acquisition programs.
The ADVCAP development program was initiated in the late 1980s and was broken into three distinct phases: Full-Scale Development (FSD), Vehicle Enhancement Program (VEP) and the Avionics Improvement Program (AIP).
FSD served primarily to evaluate the new AN/ALQ-149 Electronic Warfare System. The program utilized a slightly modified EA-6B to house the new system.
The VEP added numerous changes to the aircraft to address deficiencies with the original EA-6B flying qualities, particularly lateral-directional problems that hampered recovery from out-of-control flight. Bureau Number 158542 was used. Changes included:
Leading edge strakes (to improve directional stability)
Fin pod extension (to improve directional stability)
Ailerons (to improve slow speed lateral control)
Re-contoured leading edge slats and trailing edge flaps (to compensate for an increase in gross weight)
Two additional wing stations on the outer wing panel (for jamming pods only)
New J52-P-409 engines (increased thrust by 2,000 lbf (8.9 kN) per engine)
New digital Standard Automatic Flight Control System (SAFCS)
The added modifications increased the aircraft gross weight approximately 2,000 lb (910 kg) and shifted the center of gravity 3% MAC aft of the baseline EA-6B. In previous models, when operating at sustained high angles of attack, fuel migration would cause additional shifts in CG with the result that the aircraft had slightly negative longitudinal static stability. Results of flight tests of the new configuration showed greatly improved flying qualities and the rearward shift of the CG had minimal impact.
The AIP prototype (bureau number 158547) represented the final ADVCAP configuration, incorporating all of the FSD and VEP modifications plus a completely new avionics suite which added multi-function displays to all crew positions, a head-up display for the pilot, and dual Global Positioning/Inertial navigation systems. The initial joint test phase between the contractor and the US Navy test pilots completed successfully with few deficiencies.
After the program was canceled, the three experimental "Prowler's", BuNo 156482, 158542 and 158547, were mothballed until 1999. During the next several years, the three aircraft were dismantled and reassembled creating a single aircraft, b/n 158542, which the Navy dubbed "FrankenProwler". It was returned to active service 23 March 2005.
Improved Capability (ICAP)
Northrop Grumman received contracts from the U.S. Navy to deliver new electronic countermeasures gear to "Prowler" squadrons; the heart of each ICAP III set consists of the ALQ-218 receiver and new software that provides more precise selective-reactive radar jamming and deception and threat location. The ICAP III sets also are equipped with the Multifunction Information Distribution System (MIDS), which includes the Link 16 data link system. Northrop has delivered two lots and will be delivering two more beginning in 2010. The majority of EA-6B "Prowler's" in service today are the ICAP II version, carrying the ALQ-99 Tactical Jamming System.
Design
Designed for carrier-based and advanced base operations, the EA-6B is a fully integrated electronic warfare system combining long-range, all-weather capabilities with advanced electronic countermeasures. A forward equipment bay and pod-shaped fairing on the vertical fin house the additional avionics equipment. It has been the primary electronic warfare aircraft for the U.S Navy and U.S. Marine Corps. The EA-6B's primary mission is to support ground-attack strikes by disrupting enemy electromagnetic activity. As a secondary mission it can also gather tactical electronic intelligence within a combat zone, and another secondary mission is attacking enemy radar sites with anti-radiation missiles.
The Prowler has a crew of four, a pilot and three Electronic Countermeasures Officers (known as ECMOs). Powered by two non-afterburning Pratt & Whitney J52-P-408A turbojet engines, it is capable of speeds of up to 590 mph (950 km/h) with a range of 1,140 miles (1,840 km).
Design particulars include the refueling probe being asymmetrical, appearing bent to the right. It contains an antenna near its root. The canopy has a shading of gold to protect the crew against the radio emissions that the electronic warfare equipment produces.
Operational history
The EA-6B entered service with Fleet Replacement Squadron VAQ-129 in September 1970, and Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron 132 (VAQ-132) became the first operational squadron, in July 1971. This squadron began its first combat deployment to Vietnam on America 11 months later, soon followed by VAQ-131 on Enterprise and VAQ-134 on Constellation. Two squadrons of EA-6B "Prowler's" flew 720 sorties during the Vietnam War in support of US Navy attack aircraft and USAF B-52 bombers.
During the 1983 invasion of Grenada, four "Prowler's" supported the operation from USS Independence (CV-62).
Following the Achille Lauro hijacking, on 10 October 1985 Prowlers from USS Saratoga (CV-60) provided ESM support during the interception of the EgyptAir 737 carrying four of the hijackers.
Prowlers jammed Libyan radar during Operation El Dorado Canyon in April 1986. "Prowler's" from USS Enterprise (CVN-65) jammed Iranian Ground Control Intercept radars, surface-to-air missile guidance radars and communication systems during Operation Praying Mantis on 18 April 1988.
A total of 39 EA-6B "Prowler's" were involved in Operation Desert Storm in 1991, 27 from six aircraft carriers and 12 from USMC bases. During 4,600 flight hours, "Prowler's" fired over 150 HARM missiles. Navy "Prowler's" flew 1,132 sorties and USMC flew 516 with no losses.
With the retirement of the EF-111 "Raven" in 1998, the EA-6B was the only dedicated aerial radar jammer aircraft of the U.S. Armed Forces, until the fielding of the Navy's EA-18G "Growler" in 2009. The EA-6B has been flown in almost all American combat operations since 1972, and is frequently flown in support of the U.S. Air Force missions.
In 2001, 124 "Prowler's" remained, divided between twelve Navy, four Marine, and four joint Navy-Air Force "Expeditionary" squadrons. A Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) staff study recommended that the EF-111 "Raven" be retired to reduce the types of aircraft dedicated to the same mission, which led to an Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) program memorandum to establish 4 land based "expeditionary" "Prowler" squadrons to meet the needs of the Air Force.
Though once considered being replaced by Common Support Aircraft, that plan failed to materialize. In 2009, the Navy EA-6B "Prowler" community began transitioning to the EA-18G "Growler", a new electronic warfare derivative of the F/A-18F "Super Hornet". All but one of the active duty Navy EA-6B squadrons were based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island. VAQ-136 was stationed at Naval Air Facility Atsugi, Japan, as part of Carrier Air Wing 5, the forward deployed naval forces (FDNF) air wing that embarks aboard the Japan-based George Washington. VAQ-209, the Navy Reserve's sole EA-6B squadron, was stationed at Naval Air Facility Washington, Maryland. All Marine Corps EA-6B squadrons were located at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.
In 2013, the USN planned to fly the EA-6B until 2015, while the USMC expect to phase out the "Prowler" in 2019. The last Navy deployment was on George H.W. Bush in November 2014, with VAQ-134. The last Navy operational flight took place on 27 May 2015. Electronic Attack Wing, U.S. Pacific Fleet (CVWP), hosted a retirement commemoration for the EA-6B from 25 to 27 June 2015 at NAS Whidbey Island.
You'd think that a supercharged Ford V8 with 335 kW and near 600Nm would be hard top. That you might just give up and go home.
It doesn't work like that in Australia though. Holden had long had horsepower one-upmanship until the Supercharged Ford appeared, so a measured response was always likely to be forthcoming.
HSV (Holden Special Vehicles - Holden's inhouse hotshop) revived the revered GTS moniker, fist used on the Monaro Coupe in the 1960s muscle car era, to name the car. The key ingredient being a 6.2 litre V8, also equipped with a supercharger, to output an astounding 430kW and 740Nm. This bested the fastest Ford by nearly 100kW and 150Nm.
This was not the end of the story however, as third party ran both vehicles (the Ford being the final GT-F 351kW edition), and found, to their surprise, that the Ford laid down a mean 348.6kW at the rear wheels, while the GTS 'only' managed 339.6kW. Close, but no cigar.
Story can be found here:
www.motoring.com.au/news/2014/sports/ford-performance-veh...
Let it be said that I am not surprised - Holden was always big on stretching the truth, and the Ford Miami supercharged V8 has way more going on than is said in any official documents.
Nonetheless, the Eastern Rebels thought they might try their hand at a vehicle enhancement, and kitted out this HSV GTS to the nines, and wrapped it in some giant band-aid tires and their trademark Black-Dark Grey-Yellow paint scheme.
This Lego miniland-scale HSV GTS Sedan has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 87th Build Challenge, - "A Tale of Two Rivals", - a challenge where the models are dressed in the livery of either of two fictional car customising houses: The Western Outlaws: Red Black, Tan. Or Eastern rebels: Yellow, Black and Dark Grey.
You'd think that a supercharged Ford V8 with 335 kW and near 600Nm would be hard top. That you might just give up and go home.
It doesn't work like that in Australia though. Holden had long had horsepower one-upmanship until the Supercharged Ford appeared, so a measured response was always likely to be forthcoming.
HSV (Holden Special Vehicles - Holden's inhouse hotshop) revived the revered GTS moniker, fist used on the Monaro Coupe in the 1960s muscle car era, to name the car. The key ingredient being a 6.2 litre V8, also equipped with a supercharger, to output an astounding 430kW and 740Nm. This bested the fastest Ford by nearly 100kW and 150Nm.
This was not the end of the story however, as third party ran both vehicles (the Ford being the final GT-F 351kW edition), and found, to their surprise, that the Ford laid down a mean 348.6kW at the rear wheels, while the GTS 'only' managed 339.6kW. Close, but no cigar.
Story can be found here:
www.motoring.com.au/news/2014/sports/ford-performance-veh...
Let it be said that I am not surprised - Holden was always big on stretching the truth, and the Ford Miami supercharged V8 has way more going on than is said in any official documents.
Nonetheless, the Eastern Rebels thought they might try their hand at a vehicle enhancement, and kitted out this HSV GTS to the nines, and wrapped it in some giant band-aid tires and their trademark Black-Dark Grey-Yellow paint scheme.
This Lego miniland-scale HSV GTS Sedan has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 87th Build Challenge, - "A Tale of Two Rivals", - a challenge where the models are dressed in the livery of either of two fictional car customising houses: The Western Outlaws: Red Black, Tan. Or Eastern rebels: Yellow, Black and Dark Grey.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Northrop Grumman (formerly Grumman) EA-6B "Prowler" is a twin-engine, four-seat, mid-wing electronic-warfare aircraft derived from the A-6 "Intruder" airframe. The EA-6A was the initial electronic warfare version of the A-6 used by the United States Marine Corps and United States Navy. Development on the more advanced EA-6B began in 1966. An EA-6B aircrew consists of one pilot and three Electronic Countermeasures Officers, though it is not uncommon for only two ECMOs to be used on missions. It is capable of carrying and firing anti-radiation missiles (ARMs), such as the AGM-88 HARM missile.
The Prowler was in service with the U.S. Armed Forces from 1971 until 2019. It has carried out numerous missions for jamming enemy radar systems, and in gathering radio intelligence on those and other enemy air defense systems. From the 1998 retirement of the United States Air Force EF-111 "Raven" electronic warfare aircraft, the EA-6B was the only dedicated electronic warfare plane available for missions by the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Marine Corps, and the U.S. Air Force until the fielding of the Navy's EA-18G "Growler" in 2009. Following its last deployment in late 2014, the EA-6B was withdrawn from U.S. Navy service in June 2015, followed by the USMC in March 2019.
Origins
The EA-6A "Electric Intruder" was developed for the U.S. Marine Corps during the 1960s to replace its EF-10B "Skyknights". The EA-6A was a direct conversion of the standard A-6 "Intruder" airframe, with two seats, equipped with electronic warfare (EW) equipment. The EA-6A was used by three Marine Corps squadrons during the Vietnam War. A total of 27 EA-6As were produced, with 15 of these being newly manufactured ones. Most of these EA-6As were retired from service in the 1970s with the last few being used by the Navy with two electronic attack "aggressor" squadrons, with all examples finally retired in the 1990s. The EA-6A was essentially an interim warplane until the more-advanced EA-6B could be designed and built.
The substantially redesigned and more advanced EA-6B was developed beginning in 1966 as a replacement for EKA-3B "Skywarriors" for the U.S. Navy. The forward fuselage was lengthened to create a rear area for a larger four-seat cockpit, and an antenna fairing was added to the tip of its vertical stabilizer. Grumman was awarded a $12.7 million contract to develop an EA-6B prototype on 14 November 1966. The "Prowler" first flew on 25 May 1968, and it entered service on aircraft carriers in July 1971. Three prototype EA-6Bs were converted from A-6As, and five EA-6Bs were developmental airplanes. A total of 170 EA-6B production aircraft were manufactured from 1966 through 1991.
The EA-6B "Prowler" is powered by two Pratt & Whitney J52 turbojet engines, and it is capable of high subsonic speeds. Due to its extensive electronic warfare operations, and the aircraft's age (produced until 1991), the EA-6B is a high-maintenance aircraft, and has undergone many frequent equipment upgrades. Although designed as an electronic warfare and command-and-control aircraft for air strike missions, the EA-6B is also capable of attacking some surface targets on its own, in particular enemy radar sites and surface-to-air missile launchers. In addition, the EA-6B is capable of gathering electronic signals intelligence.
The EA-6B "Prowler" has been continually upgraded over the years. The first such upgrade was named "expanded capability" (EXCAP) beginning in 1973. Then came "improved capability" (ICAP) in 1976 and ICAP II in 1980. The ICAP II upgrade provided the EA-6B with the capability of firing Shrike missiles and AGM-88 HARM missiles.
Advanced Capability EA-6B
The Advanced Capability EA-6B "Prowler" (ADVCAP) was a development program initiated to improve the flying qualities of the EA-6B and to upgrade the avionics and electronic warfare systems. The intention was to modify all EA-6Bs into the ADVCAP configuration, however the program was removed from the Fiscal Year 1995 budget due to financial pressure from competing Department of Defense acquisition programs.
The ADVCAP development program was initiated in the late 1980s and was broken into three distinct phases: Full-Scale Development (FSD), Vehicle Enhancement Program (VEP) and the Avionics Improvement Program (AIP).
FSD served primarily to evaluate the new AN/ALQ-149 Electronic Warfare System. The program utilized a slightly modified EA-6B to house the new system.
The VEP added numerous changes to the aircraft to address deficiencies with the original EA-6B flying qualities, particularly lateral-directional problems that hampered recovery from out-of-control flight. Bureau Number 158542 was used. Changes included:
Leading edge strakes (to improve directional stability)
Fin pod extension (to improve directional stability)
Ailerons (to improve slow speed lateral control)
Re-contoured leading edge slats and trailing edge flaps (to compensate for an increase in gross weight)
Two additional wing stations on the outer wing panel (for jamming pods only)
New J52-P-409 engines (increased thrust by 2,000 lbf (8.9 kN) per engine)
New digital Standard Automatic Flight Control System (SAFCS)
The added modifications increased the aircraft gross weight approximately 2,000 lb (910 kg) and shifted the center of gravity 3% MAC aft of the baseline EA-6B. In previous models, when operating at sustained high angles of attack, fuel migration would cause additional shifts in CG with the result that the aircraft had slightly negative longitudinal static stability. Results of flight tests of the new configuration showed greatly improved flying qualities and the rearward shift of the CG had minimal impact.
The AIP prototype (bureau number 158547) represented the final ADVCAP configuration, incorporating all of the FSD and VEP modifications plus a completely new avionics suite which added multi-function displays to all crew positions, a head-up display for the pilot, and dual Global Positioning/Inertial navigation systems. The initial joint test phase between the contractor and the US Navy test pilots completed successfully with few deficiencies.
After the program was canceled, the three experimental "Prowler's", BuNo 156482, 158542 and 158547, were mothballed until 1999. During the next several years, the three aircraft were dismantled and reassembled creating a single aircraft, b/n 158542, which the Navy dubbed "FrankenProwler". It was returned to active service 23 March 2005.
Improved Capability (ICAP)
Northrop Grumman received contracts from the U.S. Navy to deliver new electronic countermeasures gear to "Prowler" squadrons; the heart of each ICAP III set consists of the ALQ-218 receiver and new software that provides more precise selective-reactive radar jamming and deception and threat location. The ICAP III sets also are equipped with the Multifunction Information Distribution System (MIDS), which includes the Link 16 data link system. Northrop has delivered two lots and will be delivering two more beginning in 2010. The majority of EA-6B "Prowler's" in service today are the ICAP II version, carrying the ALQ-99 Tactical Jamming System.
Design
Designed for carrier-based and advanced base operations, the EA-6B is a fully integrated electronic warfare system combining long-range, all-weather capabilities with advanced electronic countermeasures. A forward equipment bay and pod-shaped fairing on the vertical fin house the additional avionics equipment. It has been the primary electronic warfare aircraft for the U.S Navy and U.S. Marine Corps. The EA-6B's primary mission is to support ground-attack strikes by disrupting enemy electromagnetic activity. As a secondary mission it can also gather tactical electronic intelligence within a combat zone, and another secondary mission is attacking enemy radar sites with anti-radiation missiles.
The Prowler has a crew of four, a pilot and three Electronic Countermeasures Officers (known as ECMOs). Powered by two non-afterburning Pratt & Whitney J52-P-408A turbojet engines, it is capable of speeds of up to 590 mph (950 km/h) with a range of 1,140 miles (1,840 km).
Design particulars include the refueling probe being asymmetrical, appearing bent to the right. It contains an antenna near its root. The canopy has a shading of gold to protect the crew against the radio emissions that the electronic warfare equipment produces.
Operational history
The EA-6B entered service with Fleet Replacement Squadron VAQ-129 in September 1970, and Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron 132 (VAQ-132) became the first operational squadron, in July 1971. This squadron began its first combat deployment to Vietnam on America 11 months later, soon followed by VAQ-131 on Enterprise and VAQ-134 on Constellation. Two squadrons of EA-6B "Prowler's" flew 720 sorties during the Vietnam War in support of US Navy attack aircraft and USAF B-52 bombers.
During the 1983 invasion of Grenada, four "Prowler's" supported the operation from USS Independence (CV-62).
Following the Achille Lauro hijacking, on 10 October 1985 Prowlers from USS Saratoga (CV-60) provided ESM support during the interception of the EgyptAir 737 carrying four of the hijackers.
Prowlers jammed Libyan radar during Operation El Dorado Canyon in April 1986. "Prowler's" from USS Enterprise (CVN-65) jammed Iranian Ground Control Intercept radars, surface-to-air missile guidance radars and communication systems during Operation Praying Mantis on 18 April 1988.
A total of 39 EA-6B "Prowler's" were involved in Operation Desert Storm in 1991, 27 from six aircraft carriers and 12 from USMC bases. During 4,600 flight hours, "Prowler's" fired over 150 HARM missiles. Navy "Prowler's" flew 1,132 sorties and USMC flew 516 with no losses.
With the retirement of the EF-111 "Raven" in 1998, the EA-6B was the only dedicated aerial radar jammer aircraft of the U.S. Armed Forces, until the fielding of the Navy's EA-18G "Growler" in 2009. The EA-6B has been flown in almost all American combat operations since 1972, and is frequently flown in support of the U.S. Air Force missions.
In 2001, 124 "Prowler's" remained, divided between twelve Navy, four Marine, and four joint Navy-Air Force "Expeditionary" squadrons. A Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) staff study recommended that the EF-111 "Raven" be retired to reduce the types of aircraft dedicated to the same mission, which led to an Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) program memorandum to establish 4 land based "expeditionary" "Prowler" squadrons to meet the needs of the Air Force.
Though once considered being replaced by Common Support Aircraft, that plan failed to materialize. In 2009, the Navy EA-6B "Prowler" community began transitioning to the EA-18G "Growler", a new electronic warfare derivative of the F/A-18F "Super Hornet". All but one of the active duty Navy EA-6B squadrons were based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island. VAQ-136 was stationed at Naval Air Facility Atsugi, Japan, as part of Carrier Air Wing 5, the forward deployed naval forces (FDNF) air wing that embarks aboard the Japan-based George Washington. VAQ-209, the Navy Reserve's sole EA-6B squadron, was stationed at Naval Air Facility Washington, Maryland. All Marine Corps EA-6B squadrons were located at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.
In 2013, the USN planned to fly the EA-6B until 2015, while the USMC expect to phase out the "Prowler" in 2019. The last Navy deployment was on George H.W. Bush in November 2014, with VAQ-134. The last Navy operational flight took place on 27 May 2015. Electronic Attack Wing, U.S. Pacific Fleet (CVWP), hosted a retirement commemoration for the EA-6B from 25 to 27 June 2015 at NAS Whidbey Island.
You'd think that a supercharged Ford V8 with 335 kW and near 600Nm would be hard top. That you might just give up and go home.
It doesn't work like that in Australia though. Holden had long had horsepower one-upmanship until the Supercharged Ford appeared, so a measured response was always likely to be forthcoming.
HSV (Holden Special Vehicles - Holden's inhouse hotshop) revived the revered GTS moniker, fist used on the Monaro Coupe in the 1960s muscle car era, to name the car. The key ingredient being a 6.2 litre V8, also equipped with a supercharger, to output an astounding 430kW and 740Nm. This bested the fastest Ford by nearly 100kW and 150Nm.
This was not the end of the story however, as third party ran both vehicles (the Ford being the final GT-F 351kW edition), and found, to their surprise, that the Ford laid down a mean 348.6kW at the rear wheels, while the GTS 'only' managed 339.6kW. Close, but no cigar.
Story can be found here:
www.motoring.com.au/news/2014/sports/ford-performance-veh...
Let it be said that I am not surprised - Holden was always big on stretching the truth, and the Ford Miami supercharged V8 has way more going on than is said in any official documents.
Nonetheless, the Eastern Rebels thought they might try their hand at a vehicle enhancement, and kitted out this HSV GTS to the nines, and wrapped it in some giant band-aid tires and their trademark Black-Dark Grey-Yellow paint scheme.
This Lego miniland-scale HSV GTS Sedan has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 87th Build Challenge, - "A Tale of Two Rivals", - a challenge where the models are dressed in the livery of either of two fictional car customising houses: The Western Outlaws: Red Black, Tan. Or Eastern rebels: Yellow, Black and Dark Grey.
You'd think that a supercharged Ford V8 with 335 kW and near 600Nm would be hard top. That you might just give up and go home.
It doesn't work like that in Australia though. Holden had long had horsepower one-upmanship until the Supercharged Ford appeared, so a measured response was always likely to be forthcoming.
HSV (Holden Special Vehicles - Holden's inhouse hotshop) revived the revered GTS moniker, fist used on the Monaro Coupe in the 1960s muscle car era, to name the car. The key ingredient being a 6.2 litre V8, also equipped with a supercharger, to output an astounding 430kW and 740Nm. This bested the fastest Ford by nearly 100kW and 150Nm.
This was not the end of the story however, as third party ran both vehicles (the Ford being the final GT-F 351kW edition), and found, to their surprise, that the Ford laid down a mean 348.6kW at the rear wheels, while the GTS 'only' managed 339.6kW. Close, but no cigar.
Story can be found here:
www.motoring.com.au/news/2014/sports/ford-performance-veh...
Let it be said that I am not surprised - Holden was always big on stretching the truth, and the Ford Miami supercharged V8 has way more going on than is said in any official documents.
Nonetheless, the Eastern Rebels thought they might try their hand at a vehicle enhancement, and kitted out this HSV GTS to the nines, and wrapped it in some giant band-aid tires and their trademark Black-Dark Grey-Yellow paint scheme.
This Lego miniland-scale HSV GTS Sedan has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 87th Build Challenge, - "A Tale of Two Rivals", - a challenge where the models are dressed in the livery of either of two fictional car customising houses: The Western Outlaws: Red Black, Tan. Or Eastern rebels: Yellow, Black and Dark Grey.
You'd think that a supercharged Ford V8 with 335 kW and near 600Nm would be hard top. That you might just give up and go home.
It doesn't work like that in Australia though. Holden had long had horsepower one-upmanship until the Supercharged Ford appeared, so a measured response was always likely to be forthcoming.
HSV (Holden Special Vehicles - Holden's inhouse hotshop) revived the revered GTS moniker, fist used on the Monaro Coupe in the 1960s muscle car era, to name the car. The key ingredient being a 6.2 litre V8, also equipped with a supercharger, to output an astounding 430kW and 740Nm. This bested the fastest Ford by nearly 100kW and 150Nm.
This was not the end of the story however, as third party ran both vehicles (the Ford being the final GT-F 351kW edition), and found, to their surprise, that the Ford laid down a mean 348.6kW at the rear wheels, while the GTS 'only' managed 339.6kW. Close, but no cigar.
Story can be found here:
www.motoring.com.au/news/2014/sports/ford-performance-veh...
Let it be said that I am not surprised - Holden was always big on stretching the truth, and the Ford Miami supercharged V8 has way more going on than is said in any official documents.
Nonetheless, the Eastern Rebels thought they might try their hand at a vehicle enhancement, and kitted out this HSV GTS to the nines, and wrapped it in some giant band-aid tires and their trademark Black-Dark Grey-Yellow paint scheme.
This Lego miniland-scale HSV GTS Sedan has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 87th Build Challenge, - "A Tale of Two Rivals", - a challenge where the models are dressed in the livery of either of two fictional car customising houses: The Western Outlaws: Red Black, Tan. Or Eastern rebels: Yellow, Black and Dark Grey.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Northrop Grumman (formerly Grumman) EA-6B "Prowler" is a twin-engine, four-seat, mid-wing electronic-warfare aircraft derived from the A-6 "Intruder" airframe. The EA-6A was the initial electronic warfare version of the A-6 used by the United States Marine Corps and United States Navy. Development on the more advanced EA-6B began in 1966. An EA-6B aircrew consists of one pilot and three Electronic Countermeasures Officers, though it is not uncommon for only two ECMOs to be used on missions. It is capable of carrying and firing anti-radiation missiles (ARMs), such as the AGM-88 HARM missile.
The Prowler was in service with the U.S. Armed Forces from 1971 until 2019. It has carried out numerous missions for jamming enemy radar systems, and in gathering radio intelligence on those and other enemy air defense systems. From the 1998 retirement of the United States Air Force EF-111 "Raven" electronic warfare aircraft, the EA-6B was the only dedicated electronic warfare plane available for missions by the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Marine Corps, and the U.S. Air Force until the fielding of the Navy's EA-18G "Growler" in 2009. Following its last deployment in late 2014, the EA-6B was withdrawn from U.S. Navy service in June 2015, followed by the USMC in March 2019.
Origins
The EA-6A "Electric Intruder" was developed for the U.S. Marine Corps during the 1960s to replace its EF-10B "Skyknights". The EA-6A was a direct conversion of the standard A-6 "Intruder" airframe, with two seats, equipped with electronic warfare (EW) equipment. The EA-6A was used by three Marine Corps squadrons during the Vietnam War. A total of 27 EA-6As were produced, with 15 of these being newly manufactured ones. Most of these EA-6As were retired from service in the 1970s with the last few being used by the Navy with two electronic attack "aggressor" squadrons, with all examples finally retired in the 1990s. The EA-6A was essentially an interim warplane until the more-advanced EA-6B could be designed and built.
The substantially redesigned and more advanced EA-6B was developed beginning in 1966 as a replacement for EKA-3B "Skywarriors" for the U.S. Navy. The forward fuselage was lengthened to create a rear area for a larger four-seat cockpit, and an antenna fairing was added to the tip of its vertical stabilizer. Grumman was awarded a $12.7 million contract to develop an EA-6B prototype on 14 November 1966. The "Prowler" first flew on 25 May 1968, and it entered service on aircraft carriers in July 1971. Three prototype EA-6Bs were converted from A-6As, and five EA-6Bs were developmental airplanes. A total of 170 EA-6B production aircraft were manufactured from 1966 through 1991.
The EA-6B "Prowler" is powered by two Pratt & Whitney J52 turbojet engines, and it is capable of high subsonic speeds. Due to its extensive electronic warfare operations, and the aircraft's age (produced until 1991), the EA-6B is a high-maintenance aircraft, and has undergone many frequent equipment upgrades. Although designed as an electronic warfare and command-and-control aircraft for air strike missions, the EA-6B is also capable of attacking some surface targets on its own, in particular enemy radar sites and surface-to-air missile launchers. In addition, the EA-6B is capable of gathering electronic signals intelligence.
The EA-6B "Prowler" has been continually upgraded over the years. The first such upgrade was named "expanded capability" (EXCAP) beginning in 1973. Then came "improved capability" (ICAP) in 1976 and ICAP II in 1980. The ICAP II upgrade provided the EA-6B with the capability of firing Shrike missiles and AGM-88 HARM missiles.
Advanced Capability EA-6B
The Advanced Capability EA-6B "Prowler" (ADVCAP) was a development program initiated to improve the flying qualities of the EA-6B and to upgrade the avionics and electronic warfare systems. The intention was to modify all EA-6Bs into the ADVCAP configuration, however the program was removed from the Fiscal Year 1995 budget due to financial pressure from competing Department of Defense acquisition programs.
The ADVCAP development program was initiated in the late 1980s and was broken into three distinct phases: Full-Scale Development (FSD), Vehicle Enhancement Program (VEP) and the Avionics Improvement Program (AIP).
FSD served primarily to evaluate the new AN/ALQ-149 Electronic Warfare System. The program utilized a slightly modified EA-6B to house the new system.
The VEP added numerous changes to the aircraft to address deficiencies with the original EA-6B flying qualities, particularly lateral-directional problems that hampered recovery from out-of-control flight. Bureau Number 158542 was used. Changes included:
Leading edge strakes (to improve directional stability)
Fin pod extension (to improve directional stability)
Ailerons (to improve slow speed lateral control)
Re-contoured leading edge slats and trailing edge flaps (to compensate for an increase in gross weight)
Two additional wing stations on the outer wing panel (for jamming pods only)
New J52-P-409 engines (increased thrust by 2,000 lbf (8.9 kN) per engine)
New digital Standard Automatic Flight Control System (SAFCS)
The added modifications increased the aircraft gross weight approximately 2,000 lb (910 kg) and shifted the center of gravity 3% MAC aft of the baseline EA-6B. In previous models, when operating at sustained high angles of attack, fuel migration would cause additional shifts in CG with the result that the aircraft had slightly negative longitudinal static stability. Results of flight tests of the new configuration showed greatly improved flying qualities and the rearward shift of the CG had minimal impact.
The AIP prototype (bureau number 158547) represented the final ADVCAP configuration, incorporating all of the FSD and VEP modifications plus a completely new avionics suite which added multi-function displays to all crew positions, a head-up display for the pilot, and dual Global Positioning/Inertial navigation systems. The initial joint test phase between the contractor and the US Navy test pilots completed successfully with few deficiencies.
After the program was canceled, the three experimental "Prowler's", BuNo 156482, 158542 and 158547, were mothballed until 1999. During the next several years, the three aircraft were dismantled and reassembled creating a single aircraft, b/n 158542, which the Navy dubbed "FrankenProwler". It was returned to active service 23 March 2005.
Improved Capability (ICAP)
Northrop Grumman received contracts from the U.S. Navy to deliver new electronic countermeasures gear to "Prowler" squadrons; the heart of each ICAP III set consists of the ALQ-218 receiver and new software that provides more precise selective-reactive radar jamming and deception and threat location. The ICAP III sets also are equipped with the Multifunction Information Distribution System (MIDS), which includes the Link 16 data link system. Northrop has delivered two lots and will be delivering two more beginning in 2010. The majority of EA-6B "Prowler's" in service today are the ICAP II version, carrying the ALQ-99 Tactical Jamming System.
Design
Designed for carrier-based and advanced base operations, the EA-6B is a fully integrated electronic warfare system combining long-range, all-weather capabilities with advanced electronic countermeasures. A forward equipment bay and pod-shaped fairing on the vertical fin house the additional avionics equipment. It has been the primary electronic warfare aircraft for the U.S Navy and U.S. Marine Corps. The EA-6B's primary mission is to support ground-attack strikes by disrupting enemy electromagnetic activity. As a secondary mission it can also gather tactical electronic intelligence within a combat zone, and another secondary mission is attacking enemy radar sites with anti-radiation missiles.
The Prowler has a crew of four, a pilot and three Electronic Countermeasures Officers (known as ECMOs). Powered by two non-afterburning Pratt & Whitney J52-P-408A turbojet engines, it is capable of speeds of up to 590 mph (950 km/h) with a range of 1,140 miles (1,840 km).
Design particulars include the refueling probe being asymmetrical, appearing bent to the right. It contains an antenna near its root. The canopy has a shading of gold to protect the crew against the radio emissions that the electronic warfare equipment produces.
Operational history
The EA-6B entered service with Fleet Replacement Squadron VAQ-129 in September 1970, and Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron 132 (VAQ-132) became the first operational squadron, in July 1971. This squadron began its first combat deployment to Vietnam on America 11 months later, soon followed by VAQ-131 on Enterprise and VAQ-134 on Constellation. Two squadrons of EA-6B "Prowler's" flew 720 sorties during the Vietnam War in support of US Navy attack aircraft and USAF B-52 bombers.
During the 1983 invasion of Grenada, four "Prowler's" supported the operation from USS Independence (CV-62).
Following the Achille Lauro hijacking, on 10 October 1985 Prowlers from USS Saratoga (CV-60) provided ESM support during the interception of the EgyptAir 737 carrying four of the hijackers.
Prowlers jammed Libyan radar during Operation El Dorado Canyon in April 1986. "Prowler's" from USS Enterprise (CVN-65) jammed Iranian Ground Control Intercept radars, surface-to-air missile guidance radars and communication systems during Operation Praying Mantis on 18 April 1988.
A total of 39 EA-6B "Prowler's" were involved in Operation Desert Storm in 1991, 27 from six aircraft carriers and 12 from USMC bases. During 4,600 flight hours, "Prowler's" fired over 150 HARM missiles. Navy "Prowler's" flew 1,132 sorties and USMC flew 516 with no losses.
With the retirement of the EF-111 "Raven" in 1998, the EA-6B was the only dedicated aerial radar jammer aircraft of the U.S. Armed Forces, until the fielding of the Navy's EA-18G "Growler" in 2009. The EA-6B has been flown in almost all American combat operations since 1972, and is frequently flown in support of the U.S. Air Force missions.
In 2001, 124 "Prowler's" remained, divided between twelve Navy, four Marine, and four joint Navy-Air Force "Expeditionary" squadrons. A Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) staff study recommended that the EF-111 "Raven" be retired to reduce the types of aircraft dedicated to the same mission, which led to an Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) program memorandum to establish 4 land based "expeditionary" "Prowler" squadrons to meet the needs of the Air Force.
Though once considered being replaced by Common Support Aircraft, that plan failed to materialize. In 2009, the Navy EA-6B "Prowler" community began transitioning to the EA-18G "Growler", a new electronic warfare derivative of the F/A-18F "Super Hornet". All but one of the active duty Navy EA-6B squadrons were based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island. VAQ-136 was stationed at Naval Air Facility Atsugi, Japan, as part of Carrier Air Wing 5, the forward deployed naval forces (FDNF) air wing that embarks aboard the Japan-based George Washington. VAQ-209, the Navy Reserve's sole EA-6B squadron, was stationed at Naval Air Facility Washington, Maryland. All Marine Corps EA-6B squadrons were located at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.
In 2013, the USN planned to fly the EA-6B until 2015, while the USMC expect to phase out the "Prowler" in 2019. The last Navy deployment was on George H.W. Bush in November 2014, with VAQ-134. The last Navy operational flight took place on 27 May 2015. Electronic Attack Wing, U.S. Pacific Fleet (CVWP), hosted a retirement commemoration for the EA-6B from 25 to 27 June 2015 at NAS Whidbey Island.
This set of images shows post-conversion work performed to take my 2005, Texas-based Pontiac GTO back to its Aussie Holden roots. Looks much better. A few small details here and there also go a long way sometimes.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit acquired from JHP Vehicle Enhancements in Melbourne, Australia.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit painted and installed along with rear badged by Colour House of Texas, Bertram, Texas.
Additional mods found here and there and added by yours truly.
You'd think that a supercharged Ford V8 with 335 kW and near 600Nm would be hard top. That you might just give up and go home.
It doesn't work like that in Australia though. Holden had long had horsepower one-upmanship until the Supercharged Ford appeared, so a measured response was always likely to be forthcoming.
HSV (Holden Special Vehicles - Holden's inhouse hotshop) revived the revered GTS moniker, fist used on the Monaro Coupe in the 1960s muscle car era, to name the car. The key ingredient being a 6.2 litre V8, also equipped with a supercharger, to output an astounding 430kW and 740Nm. This bested the fastest Ford by nearly 100kW and 150Nm.
This was not the end of the story however, as third party ran both vehicles (the Ford being the final GT-F 351kW edition), and found, to their surprise, that the Ford laid down a mean 348.6kW at the rear wheels, while the GTS 'only' managed 339.6kW. Close, but no cigar.
Story can be found here:
www.motoring.com.au/news/2014/sports/ford-performance-veh...
Let it be said that I am not surprised - Holden was always big on stretching the truth, and the Ford Miami supercharged V8 has way more going on than is said in any official documents.
Nonetheless, the Eastern Rebels thought they might try their hand at a vehicle enhancement, and kitted out this HSV GTS to the nines, and wrapped it in some giant band-aid tires and their trademark Black-Dark Grey-Yellow paint scheme.
This Lego miniland-scale HSV GTS Sedan has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 87th Build Challenge, - "A Tale of Two Rivals", - a challenge where the models are dressed in the livery of either of two fictional car customising houses: The Western Outlaws: Red Black, Tan. Or Eastern rebels: Yellow, Black and Dark Grey.
You'd think that a supercharged Ford V8 with 335 kW and near 600Nm would be hard top. That you might just give up and go home.
It doesn't work like that in Australia though. Holden had long had horsepower one-upmanship until the Supercharged Ford appeared, so a measured response was always likely to be forthcoming.
HSV (Holden Special Vehicles - Holden's inhouse hotshop) revived the revered GTS moniker, fist used on the Monaro Coupe in the 1960s muscle car era, to name the car. The key ingredient being a 6.2 litre V8, also equipped with a supercharger, to output an astounding 430kW and 740Nm. This bested the fastest Ford by nearly 100kW and 150Nm.
This was not the end of the story however, as third party ran both vehicles (the Ford being the final GT-F 351kW edition), and found, to their surprise, that the Ford laid down a mean 348.6kW at the rear wheels, while the GTS 'only' managed 339.6kW. Close, but no cigar.
Story can be found here:
www.motoring.com.au/news/2014/sports/ford-performance-veh...
Let it be said that I am not surprised - Holden was always big on stretching the truth, and the Ford Miami supercharged V8 has way more going on than is said in any official documents.
Nonetheless, the Eastern Rebels thought they might try their hand at a vehicle enhancement, and kitted out this HSV GTS to the nines, and wrapped it in some giant band-aid tires and their trademark Black-Dark Grey-Yellow paint scheme.
This Lego miniland-scale HSV GTS Sedan has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 87th Build Challenge, - "A Tale of Two Rivals", - a challenge where the models are dressed in the livery of either of two fictional car customising houses: The Western Outlaws: Red Black, Tan. Or Eastern rebels: Yellow, Black and Dark Grey.
MBTA Assistant General Manager for Systemwide Accessibility, in the yellow shirt above, visits the White House July 26 to mark the 20th anniversary of the Americans With Disabilities Act to improve public access for people with disabilities and protect them from discrimination.
Before heading to Washington, D.C., Talbot joined people on Boston Common today for the local celebration. T ambassadors answered questions about accessibility, and were also available at Park Street, Chinatown, Boylston, Arlington, South Station, North Station and Back Bay Stations.
Talbot later joined the ADA celebration at the White House, seen in the yellow shirt near the President.
Gary Talbot, White House, ADA Celebration, July 26, 2010
Talbot says significant improvements to accessibility have been made at the MBTA in the past three years, including:
* 300 new low-floor buses now in service
* elevator uptime consistently exceeding 99%
* dual-mode signs placed in stations and on some vehicles
* enhanced training for all staff
* purchase of emergency evacuation equipment designed for customers with disabilities.
Special car and very rare. Only one in Belgium.
In 2004, Lamborghini celebrated its 40th anniversary by releasing an Anniversary Edition of the Murciélago. In prior decades, the company had released commemorative editions of the Countach and Diablo. The 40th anniversary cars were produced in a limited run of 50 vehicles; enhancements included a limited-edition Blue body color that was labelled "Jade-Green", carbon-fiber exterior detailing, upgraded wheels, a revamped exhaust system, and a numbered plaque displayed inside the rear window. The interior featured a new leather trim and additional electronic features
The best Lambo-combo you can get. Two very rare Lambo's on one picture.
In 2004, Lamborghini celebrated its 40th anniversary by releasing an Anniversary Edition of the Murciélago. In prior decades, the company had released commemorative editions of the Countach and Diablo. The 40th anniversary cars were produced in a limited run of 50 vehicles; enhancements included a limited-edition Blue body color that was labelled "Jade-Green", carbon-fiber exterior detailing, upgraded wheels, a revamped exhaust system, and a numbered plaque displayed inside the rear window. The interior featured a new leather trim and additional electronic features
This set of images shows post-conversion work performed to take my 2005, Texas-based Pontiac GTO back to its Aussie Holden roots. Looks much better. A few small details here and there also go a long way sometimes.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit acquired from JHP Vehicle Enhancements in Melbourne, Australia.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit painted and installed along with rear badged by Colour House of Texas, Bertram, Texas.
Additional mods found here and there and added by yours truly.
Version: 1.877.1
by The Real_Gabe
Game: Grand Theft Auto V
Mod's page: www.gta5-mods.com/misc/real-rage-vehicles-enhancer
This set of images shows post-conversion work performed to take my 2005, Texas-based Pontiac GTO back to its Aussie Holden roots. Looks much better. A few small details here and there also go a long way sometimes.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit acquired from JHP Vehicle Enhancements in Melbourne, Australia.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit painted and installed along with rear badged by Colour House of Texas, Bertram, Texas.
Additional mods found here and there and added by yours truly.
Chandlers VanHool TX16 Alicron on day trip duty at Ilfracombe on 16th July 2016.
Powered by a DAF Euro 6 10. litre engine with Voith gearbox, this vehicle provided comfy, thrash-free transit from Wiltshire. From the TX16 brochure...some classic sales guff;
Wheel Covers TX
Synthetic wheel covers with a modern and dynamic look. Mounting is done with a bracket which is secured by the wheel nuts in order to ensure a solid application.
Smooth sideline
The stainless steel window profile accentuates the sportive and dynamic character of the TX model, as well as the typical “Van Hool look”.
The smooth sides of the vehicle enhance the aerodynamic characteristics, and thus help to reduce fuel consumption.
Front TX
The front of the TX range is characterized by a sportive yet ageless design, that seamlessly fits onto the coach’s sides, and sets the standard for a new generation of luxurious coaches.
Headlight Clusters TX
The custom-made headlight clusters are literally the eyecatchers of the TX and reflect the dynamic, sportive and solid character of the TX-range.
The headlight cluster has been developed bearing in mind maximum functionality and safety. The bixenon and halogen high-beam headlamps in combination with integrated daylights and repeat turn signal are in a complete sealed cluster for optimal maintenance and durability.
Porsche's luxury sports saloon, the Panamera, is one of three vehicles that greatly expanded the portfolio (and sales/profits) of the sports car maker. Together with the Macan and Cayenne, the Panamera saloon marked a historic business shift that has proven to be very successful.
The second generation of the car, codenamed '971', entered production in 2016 in Leipzig, Deutschland. The range begins at $85,000 for the 'base' model and extends all the way to the Panamera Turbo Sport Turismo seen here at $154,000.
For that price its buyer has access to a 4.0-litre V8 producing 550 PS thanks to twin turbochargers. The display vehicle enhances the look of speed with a Volcano Grey Metallic finish paired with 21" 911 Turbo Design Wheels for $3,640.
Ehe emergency escape system, not unlike the one used in the Soviet Vostoks in concept, except that it depended on a large net to catch the ejecting pilot in a pad abort.
Porsche's luxury sports saloon, the Panamera, is one of three vehicles that greatly expanded the portfolio (and sales/profits) of the sports car maker. Together with the Macan and Cayenne, the Panamera saloon marked a historic business shift that has proven to be very successful.
The second generation of the car, codenamed '971', entered production in 2016 in Leipzig, Deutschland. The range begins at $85,000 for the 'base' model and extends all the way to the Panamera Turbo Sport Turismo seen here at $154,000.
For that price its buyer has access to a 4.0-litre V8 producing 550 PS thanks to twin turbochargers. The display vehicle enhances the look of speed with a Volcano Grey Metallic finish paired with 21" 911 Turbo Design Wheels for $3,640.
Porsche's luxury sports saloon, the Panamera, is one of three vehicles that greatly expanded the portfolio (and sales/profits) of the sports car maker. Together with the Macan and Cayenne, the Panamera saloon marked a historic business shift that has proven to be very successful.
The second generation of the car, codenamed '971', entered production in 2016 in Leipzig, Deutschland. The range begins at $85,000 for the 'base' model and extends all the way to the Panamera Turbo Sport Turismo seen here at $154,000.
For that price its buyer has access to a 4.0-litre V8 producing 550 PS thanks to twin turbochargers. The display vehicle enhances the look of speed with a Volcano Grey Metallic finish paired with 21" 911 Turbo Design Wheels for $3,640.
Porsche's luxury sports saloon, the Panamera, is one of three vehicles that greatly expanded the portfolio (and sales/profits) of the sports car maker. Together with the Macan and Cayenne, the Panamera saloon marked a historic business shift that has proven to be very successful.
The second generation of the car, codenamed '971', entered production in 2016 in Leipzig, Deutschland. The range begins at $85,000 for the 'base' model and extends all the way to the Panamera Turbo Executive seen here at $160,000.
For that price its buyer has access to a 4.0-litre V8 producing 550 PS thanks to twin turbochargers. The display vehicle enhances the look of speed with a special ($3,310) colour named Carmine Red, paired with 21" SportDesign Wheels Painted in Jet Black Metallic ($3,920). A Marsala/Cream interior ($530) and exterior mirrors painted in black ($550) complete the extremely seductive package.
This set of images shows post-conversion work performed to take my 2005, Texas-based Pontiac GTO back to its Aussie Holden roots. Looks much better. A few small details here and there also go a long way sometimes.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit acquired from JHP Vehicle Enhancements in Melbourne, Australia.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit painted and installed along with rear badged by Colour House of Texas, Bertram, Texas.
Additional mods found here and there and added by yours truly.
Porsche's luxury sports saloon, the Panamera, is one of three vehicles that greatly expanded the portfolio (and sales/profits) of the sports car maker. Together with the Macan and Cayenne, the Panamera saloon marked a historic business shift that has proven to be very successful.
The second generation of the car, codenamed '971', entered production in 2016 in Leipzig, Deutschland. The range begins at $85,000 for the 'base' model and extends all the way to the Panamera Turbo Executive seen here at $160,000.
For that price its buyer has access to a 4.0-litre V8 producing 550 PS thanks to twin turbochargers. The display vehicle enhances the look of speed with a special ($3,310) colour named Carmine Red, paired with 21" SportDesign Wheels Painted in Jet Black Metallic ($3,920). A Marsala/Cream interior ($530) and exterior mirrors painted in black ($550) complete the extremely seductive package.
This set of images shows post-conversion work performed to take my 2005, Texas-based Pontiac GTO back to its Aussie Holden roots. Looks much better. A few small details here and there also go a long way sometimes.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit acquired from JHP Vehicle Enhancements in Melbourne, Australia.
Holden Monaro front conversion kit painted and installed along with rear badged by Colour House of Texas, Bertram, Texas.
Additional mods found here and there and added by yours truly.
Porsche's luxury sports saloon, the Panamera, is one of three vehicles that greatly expanded the portfolio (and sales/profits) of the sports car maker. Together with the Macan and Cayenne, the Panamera saloon marked a historic business shift that has proven to be very successful.
The second generation of the car, codenamed '971', entered production in 2016 in Leipzig, Deutschland. The range begins at $85,000 for the 'base' model and extends all the way to the Panamera Turbo Executive seen here at $160,000.
For that price its buyer has access to a 4.0-litre V8 producing 550 PS thanks to twin turbochargers. The display vehicle enhances the look of speed with a special ($3,310) colour named Carmine Red, paired with 21" SportDesign Wheels Painted in Jet Black Metallic ($3,920). A Marsala/Cream interior ($530) and exterior mirrors painted in black ($550) complete the extremely seductive package.
Version: 1.877.1
by The Real_Gabe
Game: Grand Theft Auto V
Mod's page: www.gta5-mods.com/misc/real-rage-vehicles-enhancer
Version: 1.877.1
by The Real_Gabe
Game: Grand Theft Auto V
Mod's page: www.gta5-mods.com/misc/real-rage-vehicles-enhancer
Porsche's luxury sports saloon, the Panamera, is one of three vehicles that greatly expanded the portfolio (and sales/profits) of the sports car maker. Together with the Macan and Cayenne, the Panamera saloon marked a historic business shift that has proven to be very successful.
The second generation of the car, codenamed '971', entered production in 2016 in Leipzig, Deutschland. The range begins at $85,000 for the 'base' model and extends all the way to the Panamera Turbo Executive seen here at $160,000.
For that price its buyer has access to a 4.0-litre V8 producing 550 PS thanks to twin turbochargers. The display vehicle enhances the look of speed with a special ($3,310) colour named Carmine Red, paired with 21" SportDesign Wheels Painted in Jet Black Metallic ($3,920). A Marsala/Cream interior ($530) and exterior mirrors painted in black ($550) complete the extremely seductive package.
Version: 1.877.1
by The Real_Gabe
Game: Grand Theft Auto V
Mod's page: www.gta5-mods.com/misc/real-rage-vehicles-enhancer
Version: 1.877.1
by The Real_Gabe
Game: Grand Theft Auto V
Mod's page: www.gta5-mods.com/misc/real-rage-vehicles-enhancer
Version: 1.877.1
by The Real_Gabe
Game: Grand Theft Auto V
Mod's page: www.gta5-mods.com/misc/real-rage-vehicles-enhancer
Version: 1.877.1
by The Real_Gabe
Game: Grand Theft Auto V
Mod's page: www.gta5-mods.com/misc/real-rage-vehicles-enhancer