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Sahaja Yoga Karnataka present music and dance "Vande Mataram at International Yoga Day 2025 in Bengaluru.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Mataram
Vande Mataram (Sanskrit: वन्दे मातरम् Vande Mātaram, Bengali: বন্দে মাতরম Bônde Matorom; English Translation: Bow to thee Mother ) is the national song of India[1], distinct from the national anthem of India "Jana Gana Mana". The song was composed by Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay in a mixture of Bengali and Sanskrit.[2] and the first political occasion where it was sung was the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress[1].
In 2003, BBC World Service conducted an international poll to choose ten most famous songs of all time. Around 7000 songs were selected from all over the world. According to BBC, people from 155 countries/island voted. Vande Mataram was second in top 10 song
It is generally believed that the concept of Vande Mataram came to Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay when he was still a government official under the British Raj. Around 1870, the British rulers of India had declared that singing of God Save the Queen would be mandatory.[2] He wrote it in a spontaneous session using words from two languages he was expert in, Sanskrit and Bengali. However, the song was initially highly criticized for the difficulty in pronunciation of some of the words.[2] The song first appeared in Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay's book Anandamatha (pronounced Anondomôţh in Bengali), published in 1882 amid fears of a ban by British Raj. However, the song itself was actually written in 1876.[2] Jadunath Bhattacharya set the tune for this song just after it was written.[2]
The flag raised by Bhikaiji Cama in 1907
"Vande Mataram" was the national cry for freedom from British oppression during the freedom movement. Large rallies, fermenting initially in Bengal, in the major metropolis of Calcutta, would work themselves up into a patriotic fervour by shouting the slogan "Vande Mataram", or "Hail to the Mother(land)!". The British, fearful of the potential danger of an incited Indian populace, at one point banned the utterance of the motto in public forums, and imprisoned many freedom fighters for disobeying the proscription. Rabindranath Tagore sang Vande Mataram in 1896 at the Calcutta Congress Session held at Beadon Square. Dakhina Charan Sen sang it five years later in 1901 at another session of the Congress at Calcutta. Poet Sarala Devi Chaudurani sang the song in the Benares Congress Session in 1905. Lala Lajpat Rai started a journal called Vande Mataram from Lahore.[2] Hiralal Sen made India's first political film in 1905 which ended with the chant. Matangini Hazra's last words as she was shot to death by the Crown police were Vande Mataram[4]
In 1907, Bhikaiji Cama (1861-1936) created the first version of India's national flag (the Tiranga) in Stuttgart, Germany in 1907. It had Vande Mataram written on it in the middle band.[5]
A number of lyrical and musical experiments have been done and many versions of the song have been created and released throughout the 20th century. Many of these versions have employed traditional South Asian classical ragas. Versions of the song have been visualized on celluloid in a number of films, including Leader, Amar asha and Anandamath. It is widely believed that the tune set for All India Radio station version was composed by Ravi Shankar.[2]
[edit] Controversy
Jana Gana Mana was chosen as the National Anthem of independent India. Vande Mataram was rejected on the grounds that Muslims felt offended by its depiction of the nation as "Mother Durga"—a Hindu goddess— thus equating the nation with the Hindu conception of shakti, divine feminine dynamic force; and by its origin as part of Anandamatha, a novel they felt had an anti-Muslim message (see External links below).
In 1937 the Indian National Congress discussed at length the status of the song. It was pointed out then that though the first two stanzas began with an unexceptionable evocation of the beauty of the motherland, in later stanzas there are references where the motherland is likened to the Hindu goddess Durga. Therefore, the Congress decided to adopt only the first two stanzas as the national song.
[edit] Rabindranath Tagore on Vande Mataram
"Vande Mataram! These are the magic words which will open the door of his iron safe, break through the walls of his strong room, and confound the hearts of those who are disloyal to its call to say Vande Mataram." (Rabindranath Tagore in Glorious Thoughts of Tagore, p.165)
The controversy becomes more complex in the light of Rabindranath Tagore's rejection of the song as one that would unite all communities in India. In his letter to Subhash Chandra Bose (1937) Rabindranath wrote,
"The core of Vande Mataram is a hymn to goddess Durga: this is so plain that there can be no debate about it. Of course Bankimchandra does show Durga to be inseparably united with Bengal in the end, but no Mussulman [Muslim] can be expected patriotically to worship the ten-handed deity as 'Swadesh' [the nation]. This year many of the special [Durga] Puja numbers of our magazines have quoted verses from Vande Mataram - proof that the editors take the song to be a hymn to Durga. The novel Anandamath is a work of literature, and so the song is appropriate in it. But Parliament is a place of union for all religious groups, and there the song cannot be appropriate. When Bengali Mussalmans show signs of stubborn fanaticism, we regard these as intolerable. When we too copy them and make unreasonable demands, it will be self-defeating."
In a postscript to this same letter Rabindranath says,
"Bengali Hindus have become agitated over this matter, but it does not concern only Hindus. Since there are strong feelings on both sides, a balanced judgment is essential. In pursuit of our political aims we want peace, unity and good will - we do not want the endless tug of war that comes from supporting the demands of one faction over the other." [6]
In the last decade Vande Mataram has been used as a rallying cry by Hindu nationalists in India, who have challenged the status of the current national anthem by Rabindranath.
[edit] Dr. Rajendra Prasad on Vande Mataram
Dr. Rajendra Prasad, who was presiding the Constituent Assembly on January 24, 1950, made the following statement which was also adopted as the final decision on the issue:
The composition consisting of words and music known as Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations as the Government may authorise as occasion arises, and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honored equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it. (Applause) I hope this will satisfy members. (Constituent Assembly of India, Vol. XII, 24-1-1950)
[edit] Controversy in 2006
On August 22, 2006, there was a row in the Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament over whether singing of Vande Mataram in schools should be made mandatory. The ruling coalition (UPA) and Opposition members debated over the Government's stance that singing the National Song Vande Mataram on September 7, 2006 to mark the 125th year celebration of its creation should be voluntary. This led to the House to be adjourned twice. Human Resources Development Minister Arjun Singh noted that it was not binding on citizens to sing the song. Arjun Singh had earlier asked all state governments to ensure that the first two stanzas of the song were sung in all schools on that day. BJP Deputy Leader V K Malhotra wanted the Government to clarify whether singing the national song on September 7 in schools was mandatory or not. On August 28, targeting the BJP, Congress spokesman Abhishek Singhvi said that in 1998 when Mr. Atal Behari Vajpayee of the BJP was the Prime Minister, the BJP supported a similar circular issued by the Uttar Pradesh government to make the recitation compulsory. But Mr Vajpayee had then clarified that it was not necessary to make it compulsory.[7]
On September 7, 2006, the nation celebrated the National Song. Television channels showed school children singing the song at the notified time.[8] Some Muslim groups had discouraged parents from sending their wards to school on the grounds, after the BJP had repeatedly insisted that the National Song must be sung. However, many Muslims did participate in the celebrations[8].
[edit] Support for Vande Mataram
[edit] Muslim institutions and Vande Mataram
Though a number of Muslim organizations and individuals have opposed Vande Mataram being used as a "national song" of India, citing many religious reasons, some Muslim personalities have admired and even praised Vande Mataram as the "National Song of India" . Arif Mohammed Khan, a former member of parliament for the Bharatiya Janata Party wrote an Urdu translation of Vande Mataram which starts as Tasleemat, maan tasleemat.[9] In 2006, amidst the controversy of whether singing of the song in schools should be mandatory or optional, some Indian Muslims did show support for singing the song.[8]
All India Sunni Ulema Board on Sept 6, 2006 issued a fatwa that the Muslims can sing the first two verses of the song. The Board president Moulana Mufti Syed Shah Badruddin Qadri Aljeelani said that "If you bow at the feet of your mother with respect, it is not shirk but only respect."[10] Shia scholar and All India Muslim Personal Law Board vice-president Maulana Kalbe Sadiq stated on Sept 5, 2006 that scholars need to examine the term "vande". He asked, "Does it mean salutation or worship?"[11]
[edit] Sikh Institutions and Vande Mataram
Shiromani Gurudwara Parbandhak Committee or SGPC, the paramount representative body in the Sikh Panth, stated through its media department that all its 100 schools and colleges had been ordered to say `Yes' to the song. In a subsequent interview their chief Jathedar Avtar Singh Makkar stated that "The Sikh children would sing Vande Mataram and Deh Shiva Var Mohe, the song scripted by tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh in the morning prayers". He also said "What is wrong with the Vande Mataram? It is a national song and speaks of patriotism. We are part of the Indian nation and Sikhs have greatly contributed for its independence."[12] However Dal Khalsa, Delhi Sikh Gurudwara Prabhandak Committee and other International Sikh organisations supporting Khalistan have criticized the SGPC chief.[13]
[edit] Christian institutions and Vande Mataram
Fr Cyprian Kullu, from Jharkhand in an interview with AsiaNews: "The song is a part of our history and national festivity and religion should not be dragged into such mundane things. The Vande Mataram is simply a national song without any connotation that could violate the tenets of any religion."[14] However some Christian institutions such as Our Lady of Fatima Convent School in Patiala did not sing the song on its 100th anniversary as mandated by the state. Some Christians themselves might be misinformed about the intention and content of the song. After all Christians make a distinction between "veneration" and "worship" and the song falls in neither categories and they should not be worried. If the song generates a feeling of "Indian-ness" among all Indians it should be sung. But the state need not make it mandatory.[15]
[edit] Vande Mataram in Movies
The Vande Mataram theme has been used on a few Bollywood movie songs. In 1954, poet Pradeep used the expression in a song in Jagriti:
aao bachchon tumhen dikhaayen jhaanki hindustaan ki
is mitti se tilak karo ye dharati hai balidaan ki
vande maataram ... [16]
The singers, Usha Uthup's and Kavita Krishnamurthy's rendition of Vande Mataram was part of the 2001 movie Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham.[17]
The most recent song inspired by Vande Mataram is in Lage Raho Munnabhai:
Ainak pehne, lathi pakde chalte the woh shaan se
Zaalim kaape thar thar, thar thar, sun kar unka naam re.
Kadd tha unka chota sa aur sarpat unki chal re
Duble se patle se the woh, chalte seena taan ke
Bande mein tha dum, Vande Mataram[18]
[edit] Text of Vande Mataram
[edit] Version adopted by Congress, 1905
In Devanagari script
वन्दे मातरम्
सुजलां सुफलां मलयजशीतलाम्
शस्यश्यामलां मातरम् |
शुभ्र ज्योत्स्ना पुलकित यामिनीम्
फुल्ल कुसुमित द्रुमदलशोभिनीम्,
सुहासिनीं सुमधुर भाषिणीम्
सुखदां वरदां मातरम् ||
In Bengali script
বন্দে মাতরম্
সুজলাং সুফলাং মলযজশীতলাম্
শস্য শ্যামলাং মাতরম্ |
শুভ্র জ্যোত্স্ন পুলকিত যামিনীম্
ফুল্ল কুসুমিত দ্রুমদলশোভিনীম্,
সুহাসিনীং সুমধুর ভাষিণীম্
সুখদাং বরদাং মাতরম্ ||
Devanagari transliteration
vande mātaram
sujalāṃ suphalāṃ malayajaśītalām
śasya śyāmalāṃ mātaram
śubhra jyotsnā pulakita yāminīm
phulla kusumita drumadalaśobhinīm
suhāsinīṃ sumadhura bhāṣiṇīm
sukhadāṃ varadāṃ mātaram
Bengali Romanization
bônde matorom
shujolang shufolang môloeôjoshitolam
shoshsho shêmolang matorom
shubhro jotsna pulokito jaminim
fullo kushumito drumodôloshobhinim
shuhashining shumodhuro bhashinim
shukhodang bôrodang matorom
[edit] Translation
This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (April 2008)
Vande Mataram
sujalaam
suphalaam
malayaja sheethalam
shashya shyamalaam
Maataram, vande maataram
Shubhra jothsana pulakitha yaminim
Phulla kusumitat drumah dala shobhinim
Suhasinim, Sumadhura bhAshinim
sukhadaam varadhaam, maataram
Vande mataraam
VANDE MATARAM
SUJALAM SUPHALAM
MALAYAJA SEETALAM
SASYA SHAMALAAM MATARAM
VANDE MATARAM
SHUBRA JYOTSNAA
PULAKITA YAMINIM
PULLAKUSUMITA
DRUMADALA SHOBHINIM
SUBHASHINIM
SUMADHURA BHASHINIM
SUKHADAAM VARADAAM
MATARAM
VANDE MATARAM
KO TI KO TI KAN THA
KALAKALANINAADA
KARALE KO TI KO TI BHUJAI
RDHR^ITAKHARA KARAVAALE
ABALAA KENO MAA ETO BALE
BAHUBHALADHARINIM
NAMAAMI TAARINIM
RIPUDALA VARINIM
MATARAM
VANDE MATARAM
TUMI VIDYAA, TUMI DHARMAA
TUMI HRIDI, TUMI MARMA
TUM HI PRANAAH SHARIIRE
BAHUTE TUMI MAA SHAKTI
HRIDAYA TUMI MAA BHAKTI
TOMARAA I PRATIMAA GADI
MANDIRE MANDIRE
TVAM HI DURGAA
DASHA PRAHARA NADHAARINI
KAMALA KAMALADALA VIHARINI
VANI VIDHYADAYINI NAMAAMI TVAM
NAMAAMI KAMALAAM,
AMALAAM, ATULAAM
SUJALAAM SUPHALAAM MATARAM
VANDE MATARAM
SHYAMALAAM SARALAAM
SUSMITAAM BHUUSHITAAM
DHARANIM BHARANIM
MATARAM
VANDE MATARAM
My obeisance to Mother India!
With flowing beneficial waters
Filled with choicest fruits
With Sandal scented winds
Green with the harvest
O mother! My obeisance to you!
Ecstatic moonlit nights
The plants blooming with flowers
Sweet speaker of sweet languages
Fount of blessings,
Mother, I salute you!
Mother, I bow to thee!
Rich with thy hurrying streams,
bright with orchard gleams,
Cool with thy winds of delight,
Dark fields waving Mother of might,
Mother free.
Glory of moonlight dreams,
Over thy branches and lordly streams,
Clad in thy blossoming trees,
Mother, giver of ease
Laughing low and sweet!
Mother I kiss thy feet,
Speaker sweet and low!
Mother, to thee I bow.
Who hath said thou art weak in thy lands
When the sword flesh out in the seventy million hands
And seventy million voices roar
Thy dreadful name from shore to shore?
With many strengths who art mighty and stored,
To thee I call Mother and Lord!
Though who savest, arise and save!
To her I cry who ever her foeman drove
Back from plain and Sea
And shook herself free.
Thou art wisdom, thou art law,
Thou art heart, our soul, our breath
Though art love divine, the awe
In our hearts that conquers death.
Thine the strength that nervs the arm,
Thine the beauty, thine the charm.
Every image made divine
In our temples is but thine.
Thou art Durga, Lady and Queen,
With her hands that strike and her
swords of sheen,
Thou art Lakshmi lotus-throned,
And the Muse a hundred-toned,
Pure and perfect without peer,
Mother lend thine ear,
Rich with thy hurrying streams,
Bright with thy orchard gleems,
Dark of hue O candid-fair
In thy soul, with jewelled hair
And thy glorious smile divine,
Lovilest of all earthly lands,
Showering wealth from well-stored hands!
Mother, mother mine!
Mother sweet, I bow to thee,
Mother great and free!
[edit] Media
198,410 items / 1,629,859 views
Gokul Ashtami is an Indian feast a feast that celebrates the ethos of Lord Krishna and his love for Humanity and the boys who celebrate this feast are Pucca Mumbaikars 101 % you cant replace them at all,these are Mumbai Che Pore Hoshyar and Ala Re Ale and Shammi Kappor is not dead , he can never die as long as the boys keep on breaking the Dahi Handi..
So with due respect to the Spaniards tasting our India feast hospitality , they will always remain Spaniards and we welcome them with the spirit of Love India.. Proud India.. but mind you all the roads in Thane led to one place and that is Vartak Nagar the home of Govinda Ala Re Ala..
I was invited by Purrvesh and Vihang my Facebook friends and two pillars of Pratap Sarnaik..they invite me every year as I had shot the World Record Handi here a few years back 2008 .
I had come along with the famous Talwadi Mazgaon Mandal of Yeshwant Jadhav and patron Bala Nandgaonkar..I shot it by accident , as the Talwadi boys had taken me along with them to all the places they break the Dahi Handi and Vartak Nagar was the last stop.. Sanskruti Yuva Pratishtan Vartak Nagar Thane .
This year due to work commitment I was at Lokhandwala with my wife so missed out on the Ranade Road Dadar Dahi Handi that I shoot every year , and after I completed my work I dropped my wife home took the Slow Local For Thane..my tryst with destiny..
I walk barefeet and I was fasting too , Pratap Naik is not just a Shiv Sena leader he is man of the masses and for 3 years I am trying to understand his magic with the crowds , they love him as much as he loves them , they are like his children , and this man iconic ever loving never tires, his energy levels are not human at all..
Since morning actors drop by ,. first it was Bollywood Hunk John Abraham than Neha Dupia Udita Goswami and the lover boy dude Rohit Roy and ace fashion designer Vikram Phadnis the list is long.. they all love Pratap Sarnaik.. I love him too..
He is the Showman of Thane no doubt about it and let me remind you he is down to earth , humble but that is all fine you try not to rub him the wrong way he is street savvy and difficult man to have as an opponent this is my observation , I read his body language and he is always smiling , his wife Bhabiji I found has the remote control.. though she pretends she lost it somewhere in the Bazar..
The team Sarnaik has some great personalities all working as family , Papu Bhai made sure there was victuals for breaking my Ramzan fast and I cant get over his words ..Apka Swab Hame Bhi Milta Hai Aisa lagta hai ke hamne bhi roza rakha hai and I am crying as I write this this is Love India .. beyond Hindu Muslim Sikh Isai.,. This is the true spirit of Vande Matram everybody under one Flag Ek Jan Ek Tiranga ..
And in keeping with the mission of peace Pratap Sarnaik saw that all his guests wore the Gandhi cap keeping the Soul of Anna Hazare alive yes whatever party whatever our caste creed we have get rid of Corruption at all cost .. Lau Ya Jau..
My picture are nothing special I shoot poems and I hope you read them without words of course and one last thing we come here because we love the Sarnaiks but we love the Thane crowds the most disciplined , rocking , and loving every minute of this greatest day on Earth..
Vande Matram Ma Tujhe Salam
Jai Maharashtra ..
Mumbai is seething with anger .
God save the politicians from the wrath of the angry Mumbaikar..
Not one not two ,but hordes of them who were out on the streets a protest never seen before the most vociferously vocal..
I am happy that I shot this for posterity..
Mumbaikars will never be taken for a ride ever again, was the final verdict..the youngsters screaming their lungs out, Vande Mataram and Fuck Pakistan - were the two most famous ones..
I as a pedestrian poet and as a photo blogger will show you through pictures the pain of the Mumbaikar and his restless angst..
This is a fight to the finish between we the people and the inept politicians..
I went to Leopold but the angry boss did not want media within its premises, I dont blame him..He is a very courageous man I knew his family when I studied at Holy Name High School Convent Street..
The Leopold is a fight back of we the people..
From Leopold I came to Nariman House here the cops were polite , and told me to go through a back lane , I have spent my entire childhood here , so I know this place inside out, I was allowed to see Nariman House from far fiercely guarded I took a single shot the candles lit in the memory of the dead and the living two year old Moshe Holtzberg..
This was a sad moment I prayed for the soul of his parents and those that did not make it..
I cursed the mother fucking adherents of Lashkare Toiba and other such radical elements that have hit Islam , verily a religion of Peace and Brotherhood..
Because of them the entire Muslim race suffers in silence, and honestly it is our silence that saw Ali killed in a mosque, our eunuch silence that saw Hussain the grandson of the Holy Prophet a victim to the most barbaric cruelty at the hands of Muslims .. Yazid was nothing but a Muslim , and its his progeny of hate that is what modern Jehad is all about..
I will not be crossblogging pictures of this event to my other websites , so please see it all at my Flickr photostream, save this one photo...
Yes the politicians have let us down very badly this time, changing heads makes no sense the body is corrupt completely..
I am not an expert but I think the Israeli commandos should have been called in to fight this global terror jointly.. without any ego ..
The Nariman House siege and its aftermath shall haunt us much after we ae dead and gone.
I was too tired , my diabetic condition not making me go to the Trident..
The one person who is worthy of love of us all Mumbaikars is the GM of the Taj who has borne his tragic irreparable loss in silence without any media attention ..
We salute the courage of this Man along with the rest of the brave martyrs of Mumbai..
They died so we could live...as Indians and proud Maharashtrians .. migrants Marathi Manoos and all.
Including our foreign guests.
Last but not the least the Firemen of Mumbai who controlled the fires of Hate not letting it envelop the fabric of our fragile society.
113,964 items / 739,942 views
This was shot close to the Indraji Nagar slums , this is the path I take to reach my work place so Marziya knows at a glance life on the other side of the fence, the path she takes is dark, unlit narrow with pipes running across the soul of the slum..that pays tribute to late Indira Gandhiji..Indias own Iron lady with an indomitable strength of steel in time of exigency and adversity..she lives and so does her heritage ..
While we take this path there is a tiny room where a young Muslim girl teaches the slum kids, tutors them and Marziya needs no invitation she goes and sits on the teachers lap imbibing the values of street survival..
And while we reached the spot where Marziya is sitting with a kid , the music blared reminding us of the sacrifice of the father of the nation.. and other freedom fighters of our mother land..and here as a nationalist Indian I think more important than making people recite and parrot Vande Matram , I have no issue with its recital, is to make them to carry the act of loving the mother land in deeds and actions too, a person whatever his religiosity should be willing to die for his country .. and this is what the child must be taught a child that did not witness the freedom struggle..and this is my personal opinion.,.nationalism is greater than anything and requires surrender of mans life in the time of the country's need..
I copy and paste the lyrics on your soul of the song from Jagriti Awakening that was playing in the background..
Hum Laye Hain Tufaan Se Kishti Nikal Ke
Iss Desh Ko Rakhna Mere Bachon Samhal Ke
Tum Hi Bhavishhya Ho Mere Bharat Vishal Ke
Iss Desh Ko Rakhna Mere Bachon Samhal Ke
Dekho Kaheen Barbaad Na Hove Ye Bagichaa
Isko Hriday Ke Khuun Se ‘Baapu Ne Hain Sincha
Rakha Hain Ye Chiraag Shaheedo Ne Bal Ke
Iss Desh Ko Rakhna Mere Bachon Samhal Ke
Duneeya Ke Daw Pench Se Rakhna Na Wastaa
Manzeel Tumharee Duur Hain Lamba Hain Rasta
Bhatka Na De Koyee Tumhe Dhoke Mein Dal Ke
Iss Desh Ko Rakhna Mere Bachon Samhal Ke
Atom Bamon Ke Zor Pe Aithhi Hai Ye Duneeya
Baarud Ke Ek Dher Pe Baithhi Hai Ye Duneeya
Tum Harr Qadam Uthaana Zara Dekh Bhal Ke
Iss Desh Ko Rakhna Mere Bachon Samhal Ke
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vande Mataram (Bengali script: বন্দে মাতরম্, Devanagari: वन्दे मातरम्) - Vande Mātaram - literally - "I praise thee, Mother" - is a poem from Bankim Chandra Chatterji's 1882 novel Anandamath.[1] It was written in Bengali and Sanskrit.
It is a hymn to the Mother Land. It played a vital role in the Indian independence movement, first sung in a political context by Rabindranath Tagore at the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress.[2]
In 1950 (after India's independence), the song's first two verses were given the official status of the "national song" of the Republic of India, distinct from the national anthem of India, Jana Gana Mana.
Bengali scriptDevanagari script
বন্দে মাতরম্৷
সুজলাং সুফলাং
মলয়জশীতলাম্
শস্যশ্যামলাং
মাতরম্!
শুভ্র-জ্যোত্স্না-পুলকিত-যামিনীম্
ফুল্লকুসুমিত-দ্রুমদলশোভিনীম্,
সুহাসিনীং সুমধুরভাষিণীম্
সুখদাং বরদাং মাতরম্৷৷
সপ্তকোটীকন্ঠ-কল-কল-নিনাদকরালে,
দ্বিসপ্তকোটীভুজৈধৃতখরকরবালে,
অবলা কেন মা এত বলে!
বহুবলধারিণীং
নমামি তরিণীং
রিপুদলবারিণীং
মাতরম্৷
তুমি বিদ্যা তুমি ধর্ম্ম
তুমি হৃদি তুমি মর্ম্ম
ত্বং হি প্রাণাঃ শরীরে৷
বাহুতে তুমি মা শক্তি,
হৃদয়ে তুমি মা ভক্তি,
তোমারই প্রতিমা গড়ি মন্দিরে মন্দিরে৷
ত্বং হি দুর্গা দশপ্রহরণধারিণী
কমলা কমল-দলবিহারিণী
বাণী বিদ্যাদায়িণী
নমামি ত্বাং
নমামি কমলাম্
অমলাং অতুলাম্,
সুজলাং সুফলাং
মাতরম্
বন্দে মাতরম্
শ্যামলাং সরলাং
সুস্মিতাং ভূষিতাম্
ধরণীং ভরণীম্
মাতরম্৷
वन्दे मातरम्
सुजलां सुफलाम्
मलयजशीतलाम्
शस्यशामलाम्
मातरम्।
शुभ्रज्योत्स्नापुलकितयामिनीम्
फुल्लकुसुमितद्रुमदलशोभिनीम्
सुहासिनीं सुमधुर भाषिणीम्
सुखदां वरदां मातरम्।। १।। वन्दे मातरम्।
सप्त[5]-कोटि-कण्ठ-कल-कल-निनाद-कराले
कोटि-कोटि-भुजैर्धृत-खरकरवाले,
अबला केन मा एत बले।
बहुबलधारिणीं नमामि तारिणीं
रिपुदलवारिणीं मातरम्।। २।।
वन्दे मातरम्।
तुमि विद्या, तुमि धर्म
तुमि हृदि, तुमि मर्म
त्वम् हि प्राणा: शरीरे
बाहुते तुमि मा शक्ति,
हृदये तुमि मा भक्ति,
तोमारई प्रतिमा गडि
मन्दिरे-मन्दिरे
त्वम् हि दुर्गा दशप्रहरणधारिणी
कमला कमलदलविहारिणी
वाणी विद्यादायिनी,
नमामि त्वाम्
नमामि कमलाम्
अमलां अतुलाम्
सुजलां सुफलाम् मातरम्।। ४।।
वन्दे मातरम्।
श्यामलाम् सरलाम्
सुस्मिताम् भूषिताम्
धरणीं भरणीं मातरम्।। ५।।
वन्दे मातरम्।।
Here is the translation in prose of the above two stanzas rendered by Aurobindo Ghose. This has also been adopted by the Government of India's national portal[2] The original Vande Mataram consists of six stanzas and the translation in prose for the complete poem by Shri Aurobindo appeared in Karmayogin, 20 November 1909.[6]
Mother, I salute thee!
Rich with thy hurrying streams,
bright with orchard gleams,
Cool with thy winds of delight,
Dark fields waving Mother of might,
Mother free.
Glory of moonlight dreams,
Over thy branches and lordly streams,
Clad in thy blossoming trees,
Mother, giver of ease
Laughing low and sweet!
Mother I kiss thy feet,
Speaker sweet and low!
Mother, to thee I salute.
Who hath said thou art weak in thy lands
When the swords flash out in seventy million hands
And seventy million voices roar
Thy dreadful name from shore to shore?
With many strengths who art mighty and stored,
To thee I call Mother and Lord!
Though who savest, arise and save!
To her I cry who ever her foeman drove
Back from plain and Sea
And shook herself free.
Thou art wisdom, thou art law,
Thou art heart, our soul, our breath
Though art love divine, the awe
In our hearts that conquers death.
Thine the strength that nerves the arm,
Thine the beauty, thine the charm.
Every image made divine
In our temples is but thine.
Thou art Durga, Lady and Queen,
With her hands that strike and her
swords of sheen,
Thou art Lakshmi lotus-throned,
And the Muse a hundred-toned,
Pure and perfect without peer,
Mother lend thine ear,
Rich with thy hurrying streams,
Bright with thy orchard gleems,
Dark of hue O candid-fair
In thy soul, with bejeweled hair
And thy glorious smile divine,
Loveliest of all earthly lands,
Showering wealth from well-stored hands!
Mother, mother mine!
Mother sweet, I salute thee,
Mother great and free!
Apart from the above prose translation, Sri Aurobindo also translated Vande Mataram into a verse form known as Mother, I Salute to Thee.[7]
Sri Aurobindo commented thus on his English translation of the poem:[8]
“It is difficult to translate the National Song of India into verse in another language owing to its unique union of sweetness, simple directness and high poetic force.”
History and significance[edit]
Composition[edit]
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was one of the earliest graduates of the newly established Calcutta University. After his BA, he joined the British Indian government as a civil servant, becoming a District Magistrate and later a District Collector. Chatterjee was very interested in recent events in Indian and Bengali history, particularly the Revolt of 1857 and the previous century's Sannyasi Rebellion.[9] Around the same time, the administration was trying to promote God Save the Queen as the anthem for Indian subjects, which Indian nationalists disliked. It is generally believed that the concept of Vande Mataram came to Bankim Chandra Chatterjee when he was still a government official, around 1876.[10]
Chatterjee wrote the poem in a spontaneous session using words from Sanskrit and Bengali. The poem was published in Chatterjee's book Anandamatha (pronounced Anondomôţh in Bengali) in 1882, which is set in the events of the Sannyasi Rebellion.[9][10] Jadunath Bhattacharya was asked to set a tune for this poem just after it was written.[10]
Indian independence movement[edit]
The flag raised by Bhikaiji Cama in 1907
"Vande Mataram" was the national cry for freedom [from British rule] during the Indian independence movement. Large rallies, fermenting initially in Bengal, in the major metropolis of Calcutta, would work themselves up into a patriotic fervour by shouting the slogan "Vande Mataram", or "Hail to the Mother(land)!" The British, fearful of the potential danger of an incited Indian populace, at one point banned the utterance of the motto in public forums, and imprisoned many freedom fighters for disobeying the proscription. Rabindranath Tagore sang Vande Mataram in 1896 at the Calcutta Congress Session held at Beadon Square. Dakhina Charan Sen sang it five years later in 1901 at another session of the Congress at Calcutta. Poet Sarala Devi Chaudurani sang the song in the Benares Congress Session in 1905. Lala Lajpat Rai started a journal called Vande Mataram from Lahore.[10] Hiralal Sen made India's first political film in 1905 which ended with the chant. Matangini Hazra's last words as she was shot to death by the Crown police were Vande Mataram[11]
In 1907, Bhikaiji Cama (1861–1936) created the first version of India's national flag (the Tiranga) in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1907. It had Vande Mataram written on it in the middle band.[12]
A book titled Kranti Geetanjali published by Arya Printing Press Lahore and Bharatiya Press Dehradun in 1929 contains first two stanzas of this lyric on page 11[13] as Matra Vandana and a ghazal (Vande Mataram) composed by Bismil was also given on its back i.e. page 12.[14] The book written by the famous martyr of Kakori Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil was proscribed by the then British government of India.
Adoption as "national song"[edit]
Tagore's Jana Gana Mana was chosen as the National Anthem of the 1947 Republic of India. Vande Mataram was rejected[citation needed] on the grounds that Muslims, Christians, Parsis, Sikhs and others who opposed idol worship felt offended by its depiction of the nation as "Mother Durga", a Hindu goddess. Muslims also felt that its origin was part of Anandamatha, a novel they felt had an anti-Muslim message.
The designation as "national song" predates independence, dating to 1937. At this date, the Indian National Congress discussed at length the status of the song. It was pointed out then that though the first two stanzas began with an unexceptionable evocation of the beauty of the motherland, in later stanzas there are references where the motherland is likened to the Hindu goddess Durga. Therefore, INC decided to adopt only the first two stanzas as the national song.
The controversy becomes more complex in the light of Rabindranath Tagore's rejection of the song as one that would unite all communities in India. In his letter to Subhas Chandra Bose (1937), Tagore wrote:
"The core of Vande Mataram is a hymn to goddess Durga: this is so plain that there can be no debate about it. Of course Bankimchandra does show Durga to be inseparably united with Bengal in the end, but no Mussulman [Muslim] can be expected patriotically to worship the ten-handed deity as 'Swadesh' [the nation]. This year many of the special [Durga] Puja numbers of our magazines have quoted verses from Vande Mataram—proof that the editors take the song to be a hymn to Durga. The novel Anandamath is a work of literature, and so the song is appropriate in it. But Parliament is a place of union for all religious groups, and there the song cannot be appropriate. When Bengali Mussulmans show signs of stubborn fanaticism, we regard these as intolerable. When we too copy them and make unreasonable demands, it will be self-defeating."
In a postscript to this same letter, Tagore says:
"Bengali Hindus have become agitated over this matter, but it does not concern only Hindus. Since there are strong feelings on both sides, a balanced judgment is essential. In pursuit of our political aims we want peace, unity and good will—we do not want the endless tug of war that comes from supporting the demands of one faction over the other." [15]
Rajendra Prasad, who was presiding the Constituent Assembly on 24 January 1950, made the following statement which was also adopted as the final decision on the issue:
“...The composition consisting of words and music known as Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations as the Government may authorise as occasion arises, and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honored equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it. (Applause) I hope this will satisfy members. (Constituent Assembly of India, Vol. XII, 24-1-1950)”
Public response[edit]
Muslim view[edit]
Many Muslim organisations in India have declared fatwas against singing Vande Mataram, due to the song giving a notion of worshipping Mother India, which they consider to be shirk (polytheism).[16] Muslim institutions in general, see Vande Mataram in bad light. Though a number of Muslim organisations and individuals have opposed Vande Mataram being used as a "national song" of India, citing many religious reasons, some Muslim personalities have admired and even praised it as the "National Song of India". Arif Mohammed Khan, a former Union Minister in the Rajiv Gandhi government, wrote an Urdu translation of the song which starts as Tasleemat, maan tasleemat.[17]
All India Sunni Ulema Board on 6 Sep 2006, issued a fatwa that the Muslims can sing the first two verses of the song. The Board president Moulana Mufti Syed Shah Badruddin Qadri Aljeelani said that "If you bow at the feet of your mother with respect, it is not shirk but only respect."[18] Shia scholar and All India Muslim Personal Law Board vice-president Maulana Kalbe Sadiq stated on 5 Sep 2006 that scholars need to examine the term vande. He asked, "Does it mean salutation or worship?"[19]
In 2013, a Muslim MP, Shafiqur Rahman Burq walked out of the Lok Sabha while the song was being played stating that as a Muslim he cannot show respect towards it.[20]
Sikh view[edit]
Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC), the paramount representative body in the Sikh Panth, requested that the Sikhs not sing "Vande Mataram" in the schools and institutions on its centenary on 7 Sep 2006.[21] SGPC head, Avtar Singh Makkar, expressed concern that "imposing a song that reflected just one religion was bound to hurt the sentiments of religious minorities. The Delhi Sikh Gurudwara Management Committee (DSGMC) has called singing of "Vande Mataram" against Sikh tenets[22] as the Sikhs sought "sarbat da bhala" (universal welfare) and did not believe in "devi and devta".[22] DSGMC head H. S. Sarna also added that the song had been rejected long before by well known freedom fighter Sikhs like Baba Kharak Singh and Master Tara Singh.[22]
Christian view[edit]
Fr. Cyprian Kullu from Jharkhand stated in an interview with AsiaNews: "The song is a part of our history and national festivity and religion should not be dragged into such mundane things. The Vande Mataram is simply a national song without any connotation that could violate the tenets of any religion."[23][dead link] However, some Christian institutions such as Our Lady of Fatima Convent School in Patiala did not sing the song on its 100th anniversary as mandated by the state.[24][dead link] Christians make a distinction between "veneration" and "worship," and even though the song falls into neither of these categories, some Christians may have declined to sing the national song because of their understanding of its intention and content.[citation needed]
2006 controversy[edit]
On 22 August 2006, there was a row in the Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament over whether singing of Vande Mataram in schools should be made mandatory. The ruling United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coalition and Opposition members debated the Government's stance that singing the national song Vande Mataram on 7 September 2006, to mark the 125th year celebration of its creation should be voluntary. This led to the House's being adjourned twice. Human Resources Development Minister Arjun Singh noted that it was not binding on citizens to sing the song. Arjun Singh had earlier asked all state governments to ensure that the first two stanzas of the song were sung in all schools on that day. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Deputy Leader V. K. Malhotra wanted the Government to clarify whether singing the national song on 7 September in schools was mandatory or not. On 28 August, targeting the BJP, Congress spokesman Abhishek Singhvi said that in 1998 when Atal Bihari Vajpayee of the BJP was the Prime Minister, the BJP supported a similar circular issued by the Uttar Pradesh government to make the recitation compulsory. But Vajpayee had then clarified that it was not necessary to make it compulsory.[25]
On 7 September 2006, the nation celebrated the national song. Television channels showed school children singing the song at the notified time.[26] Some Muslim groups had discouraged parents from sending their wards to school because of the issue, after the BJP had repeatedly insisted that the national song must be sung. However, many Muslims did participate in the celebrations.[26] Kerala school forced to drop India's National song Vande Mataram on 15 Aug 2014 as it would hurt religious sentiments [27]
Performances and interpretations[edit]
The poem has been set to a large number of tunes. The oldest surviving audio recordings date to 1907, and there have been more than a hundred different versions recorded throughout the 20th century. Many of these versions have employed traditional South Asian classical ragas. Versions of the song have been visualised on celluloid in a number of films, including Leader, Amar Asha, and Anand Math. It is widely believed that the tune set for All India Radio station version was composed by Ravi Shankar.[10] In 1997, as part of the 50th anniversary celebrations of the Independence of India, a musical album composed by A. R. Rahman, titled Vande Mataram, was released. The version of the song played in it has become its popular interpretation in recent years. In 2002, BBC World Service conducted an international poll to choose ten most famous songs of all time. Around 7000 songs were selected from all over the world. Vande Mataram, from the movie Anand Math, was ranked second.[28] All India Radio's version, as well as A.R. Rahman's version, are in Desh raga.[29]
“If yet your blood does not rage, then it is water that flows in your veins. For what is the flush of youth, if it is not of service to the motherland.” - Chandra Shekhar Azad
Basking in the glory of 75✨, let's vow to keep the freedom alive.
Let us celebrate the glory of Free India🎉 and uphold the Pride and Honor of being an Indian.
Happy Independence Day!
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