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Becoming a judge at a UK county show involves gaining expertise in a specific area (e.g., livestock, horticulture, showjumping, or dog showing)
The specific steps will depend heavily on what you intend to judge:
General Requirements
Specialised Knowledge: You must have significant, proven experience and expertise in the specific class or breed you wish to judge (e.g., owning and exhibiting pedigree dogs for a number of years, or experience in a specific form of agriculture).
Membership & Support: Often, you need to be a member of the relevant breed or discipline-specific association (e.g., the Shetland Pony Stud Book Society or a breed club for dogs) and gain their support for your application.
Stewarding/Experience: Accumulating experience by stewarding at a number of shows is a common prerequisite.
Formal Training/Assessment: You will typically need to attend seminars, workshops, and pass examinations or practical assessments to prove your competence. This often involves both theoretical knowledge (rules and regulations) and practical skills (judging different animals/exhibits).
Mid Devon Show, Knightshayes Court, Tiverton, Devon, UK.
Courtyard 1 (Endellscher Hof)
Hackesche Höfe (1906), Mitte district, Berlin
"[...] The Berlin architect and designer August Endell was commissioned to design the courtyard facades and the Neumann's ballrooms in the first courtyard [...]. His previous work was assigned to Art Nouveau (although he had intended otherwise).
Presumably, therefore, he wasn't also to design the outer facade - the Art Nouveau did not correspond to the prevailing taste in Berlin, which was influenced by the aesthetic preferences of the imperial family. The result was a street facade with all the characteristics of Wilhelmine eclecticism, an overloaded mixture of different styles, with a neo-baroque roof landscape, Egyptian obelisks and antique sculptures.
The building areas designed by Endell presented themselves completely differently. August Endell had studied philosophy and psychology, he dealt with problems of perception and was anxious to apply his theoretical knowledge in architecture and handicrafts. In his writings he spoke out against historicism and eclecticism. His main aesthetic concept was the implementation of movement in architecture and decor. In the first courtyard of the Hackesche Höfe he created two different facades through the shape, size and arrangement of the windows and with the help of colored glaze stones, which give the courtyard the grace of a small public square lined with various houses. To the east the colors are blue and white, the shapes refer to Moorish models. The west side, predominantly in shades of brown, is reminiscent of the then ultra-modern buildings by Alfred Messel for the department stores of the Wertheim Group.[...]" (Translated from German Wikipedia entry)
From Courtyard 1 you can also reach the Chamäleon Theatre and the Hackesche Höfe Cinema.
Right under the dome of Sheikh Lotfallah mosque.
"The Greeks asked the assistance of Plato. He told them, 'You hated wisdom and ran away from geometry, therefore God has afflicted you a punishment, for wisdom or philosophical knowledge has a high rank with God.' ... The plague was lifted and they ceased to defame geometry and other branches of theoretical knowledge."
Mulla Sadra, 17th century
[Explored on Flickr on July 28 2012 #493]
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Zen is a school of Mahayana Buddhism which originated in China during the 6th century CE as Chán. From China, Zen spread south to Vietnam, and east to Korea and Japan.
The word Zen is from the Japanese pronunciation of the Middle Chinese word 禪 Dzyen (Modern Mandarin: Chán), which in turn is derived from the Sanskrit word dhyāna, which can be approximately translated as "absorption" or "meditative state".
Zen emphasizes experiential wisdom in the attainment of enlightenment. As such, it de-emphasizes theoretical knowledge in favor of direct self-realization through meditation and dharma practice. The teachings of Zen include various sources of Mahāyāna thought, including the Prajñāpāramitā literature, Madhyamaka, Yogācāra and the Tathāgatagarbha Sutras.
[Source: Wikipedia]
Canon EOS 60D
Canon EF 24-105mm f/4L IS USM
Aperture: f/13
Exposure time: 30s
Focal length: 105mm
ISO Speed: 100
Processed with PS CS5
not the usual style of photography that i enjoy, but i want to try everything. i want to learn this art form, and take all that it has to offer. and i do kind of like the way this turned out, even though i typically like for my subjects to be more involved with an environment, rather than something so empty. but i think it kind of brings a nice contrast to this idea, as well adds some variety to my port. plus, this was my first time actually putting my theoretical knowledge on studio lighting into practice.. didnt do too bad, did i? also was really rushed, which i was a little sad about.
the model here is my beautiful boyfriend, who rarely likes to be photographed but he was psyched on this outfit, haha.
maybe its cause im changing or something, but i feel like no one on flickr likes me anymore, haha. boo. :( oh well, ill get over it.
tutorial for this can be found on my blog, along with a few other new things.
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tomorrow ive got a commission, followed by something conceptual so hopefully ill be able to post again soon. :D
#AbFav_Nautical
A training ship or school-ship is used to train cadets or future seafarers. The pupils have to convert their theoretical knowledge into practice.
A training ship has been an essential part of maritime training for many years. This is still the case, but nowadays simulators are also often used.
Instead of a private training ship, shipping companies can also be contacted to take a number of students on board for training.
In the military world, school ships are still frequently used all over the world.
Thank you for your time and comments, greatly appreciated, M, (*_*)
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The School of Mines was established in 1899 by the local Mining Institute, through public subscription, on one of the most important mineral fields in Australia. A timber structure on a government reserve, it was taken over and expanded by the Queensland Government in 1900 into a highly regarded technical institution.
Charters Towers was established as a gold field in 1872. The gold was not alluvial, but in the form of downward sloping reefs of gold bearing ore. As time went on it became necessary to dig deeper and deeper shafts to extract the gold which required the formation of companies to provide sufficient capital. The mid-1880s saw a major boom in speculation on mining shares following the display of Charters Towers gold at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London and the finding of the Brilliant Reef in 1889. By drawing people and capital into north Queensland and by developing into an important centre, Charters Towers was to play an important role in the opening up of north Queensland as a whole. It was, at its peak, the second largest town in Queensland.
Possibly because of the richness of the ore at Charters Towers, some of the mines were run without much regard for the most efficient and modern methods. As geologist J.M. McLaren noted in his Queensland Mining and Milling Practice in 1901, many had been established before metallurgy became an exact science. Towards the end of the century, there was considerable interest in improving methods in what had become a very important industry in Queensland.
Agitation for technical education in mining methods in Charters Towers began in the 1880s. A Government Mineralogical Officer, Mr A.W. Clarke, was appointed in 1887, and in the following year a School of Mines Committee was set up to meet the government's offer of a pound for pound subsidy to establish a school. They were unable to collect sufficient funds and the scheme was temporarily abandoned with Clarke being recalled in 1892.
In 1896 a Mine and Mill Manager's Association was formed. Meetings were held monthly at the old Town Hall where papers on subjects connected with mining were presented and discussed. It soon became apparent that few members of the association, most of whom had practical rather than theoretical knowledge, could understand the more technical papers. This gave impetus to a renewed interest in establishing a technical school to teach subjects related to mining along the lines of the noted School of Mines in Ballarat and Otago.
It was decided to erect a building to be used as a Mining Institute, and a public subscription was taken up to finance the project, raising 1,500 pounds for the building and equipment. A memorial stone was laid E.D. Miles in March 1899 and was used as one of the stumps supporting the timber building. The school opened in the same year, teaching mathematics, surveying, assaying, chemistry, and mineralogy and was governed by the Council of the Institute. Although there was an enrolment of between sixty and seventy students, attendance fell away as the year progressed and by the end of the year only two students remained. Although the experiment had failed, the need for technical instruction remained and the Institute approached the government who agreed to take over the school. The 1,500 pounds expended was refunded and used to refurbish the Institute's headquarters in Bow Street.
A director for the School of Mines was appointed in October 1900 and immediately travelled to Charters Towers to inspect the Mining Institute buildings and to assess what alterations were needed. He made sketch plans used by the Government Architect to design additions and alterations which cost 700 pounds and were carried out by local builder, B. Toll. The Director also appointed staff and purchased the necessary equipment to create an up to date technical school.
Classes began in 1901, although work on the building was not quite complete. The school had lecture rooms for geology and chemistry, assaying and chemistry laboratories, a balance room, mechanical drawing and survey department, an office, two private rooms for lecturers, a storeroom and outbuildings. The first director was W.A. McLeod, a graduate of the New Zealand University and the Otago School of Mines. He was responsible only to the Minister and was given considerable freedom to formulate policy. A firm believer in giving working men an opportunity to advance in their industry, he had lectures repeated in the evening which allowed working miners to attend the School. At the time, this was considered a 'novel' scheme and is believed to have been unique in Australia.
Response to the new school was good and in 1903 the building was extended eastwards to include a reading room and office. The new section incorporated rectilinear sash windows instead of the round-headed sash windows of the original building and a new hip roof form.
In 1904, McLeod, having set the curriculum, left to become manager of the Brilliant Extended Mine. W. Poole was the second director and made the school into a highly regarded educational institution. His success is demonstrated in the substantial new additions made to the western section of the school in January 1907. These included a drawing office, lecture preparation room, and new laboratory. The existing assay laboratory was also extended with balance rooms.
Although the School of Mines was flourishing, the Charters Towers field was in decline, having reached its peak in 1899. By 1912 many people were leaving the town and in 1916 the field closed. The school continued to produce a small, but highly regarded, stream of graduates who were to distinguish themselves in many branches of the mining industry, both in Queensland and further afield.
The School of Mines eventually closed in 1925 after it was taken over by the Department of Education. By this time the building had more than doubled its original size and formed a complex around a courtyard. In 1964, the connection between the front half of the building and the rear were severed.
In 1977 the State Works Department planned to remove the main portion of the building retaining only the rear portion as a manual training section for the High School. After strong reaction by the residents of Charters Towers, the department leased the building to the National Trust of Queensland which undertook works to permit occupancy. It is currently sub-leased to the Department of Environment and Skillshare.
Source: Queensland Heritage Register.
On the eastern edge of the city, near the two southerns doric temples, is the Asclepieion, the city hospital. Medicine is an ancient science, perfected by the greek physician Hippocrates, the inventor of the clinical method based on the measurement and recognition of symptoms based on theoretical knowledge. As well as Hippocrates, medicine was entrusted to the followers and priests of Asclepius, the god of medicine and son of Apollo, who practised in places dedicated to the deity and called Asclepieia. Unlike medicine that used the clinical method, this type of medicine was based on the principle that the disease was the consequence of divine intervention.
In the Asclepieia patients followed a precise ritual: once they entered the cella (inner room), they fell into a deep sleep during which the god healed them. Here at Paestum the cellae are small square rooms,
Situated to the north and south of a large central courtyard, surrounded by a portico with columns and fountains. at the centre of this space, there is a lead cramp which has been interpreted as the anchor point for the statue of the god. the building dates to the Lucanian period of Paestum towards 300 BC, and stands above another building which is a hundred years older.
Source: Archeological area notice
300 BC
Paestum, Archaeological site
Asclepieia, Asclepieion, Asclepius, Asclepio, Sito archeologico, Archaeological site, Poseidonia, Paestum
Zen is a school of Mahāyāna Buddhism. The word Zen is from the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese word Chán (禪), which in turn is derived from the Sanskrit word dhyāna, which can be approximately translated as "meditation" or "meditative state".
Zen emphasizes experiential Wisdom in the attainment of enlightenment. As such, it de-emphasizes theoretical knowledge in favor of direct self-realization through meditation and dharma practice.
Wikipedia
On the eastern edge of the city, near the two southerns doric temples, is the Asclepieion, the city hospital. Medicine is an ancient science, perfected by the greek physician Hippocrates, the inventor of the clinical method based on the measurement and recognition of symptoms based on theoretical knowledge. As well as Hippocrates, medicine was entrusted to the followers and priests of Asclepius, the god of medicine and son of Apollo, who practised in places dedicated to the deity and called Asclepieia. Unlike medicine that used the clinical method, this type of medicine was based on the principle that the disease was the consequence of divine intervention.
In the Asclepieia patients followed a precise ritual: once they entered the cella (inner room), they fell into a deep sleep during which the god healed them. Here at Paestum the cellae are small square rooms,
Situated to the north and south of a large central courtyard, surrounded by a portico with columns and fountains. at the centre of this space, there is a lead cramp which has been interpreted as the anchor point for the statue of the god. the building dates to the Lucanian period of Paestum towards 300 BC, and stands above another building which is a hundred years older.
Source: Archeological area notice
300 BC
Paestum, Archaeological site
Asclepieia, Asclepieion, Asclepius, Asclepio, Sito archeologico, Archaeological site, Poseidonia, Paestum
Between 1926 and 1929, Both Gray and Badovici designed E.1027, a small villa in Roquebrune also known as Maison en bord de mer, for Badovici’s own use. The name of the house is an alphanumeric code for their intertwined initials: E for Eileen, 10 for J (Jean), 2 for B (Badovici), and 7 for G (Gray), indicating the collaborative and sentimental nature of the mission. Gray was responsible for much of the design and for the supervision of the site. Badovici provide theoretical knowledge and technical matters.
It is located on the French Mediterranean coast between St. Tropez and Menton, on parcels 249 and 250 of the AN noS section of the cadastral sector in Roquebrune Cap Martin. The property occupies an area of 790 square meters, and the two story house has merely 150 square meters of construction.
Heritage
E-1027 is a modernist villa L-shaped and flat-roofed with floor-to-ceiling windows and a spiral stairway to the guest room, E-1027 was both open and compact. This is considered to be Gray's first major work, making indistinct the border between architecture and decoration, and highly personalized to be in accord with the lifestyle of its intended occupants.
It is impossible to identify the exact individual contributions of Gray or Badovici to E-1027.[2] Gray also designed furniture for the house, including a tubular steel table which would enable her sister to eat breakfast in bed without leaving crumbs on sheets, due to an adjustable top that caught the crumbs.
Gray and Badovici separated shortly after the completion of the house.
The Swiss born-French Modernist architect Le Corbusier was a friend of Badovici and visited the house several times after Badovici and Gray had parted. While staying as a guest in the house in 1938 and 1939, Le Corbusier painted bright murals on its plain white walls, and sometimes painted in the nude. This intrusion onto her design infuriated Gray, who considered the murals outright vandalism. Whether he painted these murals out of admiration for her work or jealousy of her accomplishment, Le Corbusier became intricately tied with the future of the house. Failing to purchase it himself, he eventually bought a piece of property just east of E-1027, where he built a small, rustic cabin, his Cabanon de vacances. The architecture critic Rowan Moore said of the painting of the murals that "As an act of naked phallocracy, Corbusier's actions are hard to top...", adding that Le Corbusier was "seemingly affronted that a woman could create such a fine work of modernism" so he "asserted his dominion, like a urinating dog, over the territory". Here he would go for work and quiet contemplation, taking daily swims on the beach outside the house. After he died in those very waters, the whole area was declared a "Site Moderne," or "Modern Site," and deemed an area of cultural and historical importance and international interest. Today, E-1027 is recognized as the founding element of this site. Furthermore, Eileen Gray was so slow at putting her name forward as being the architect of the house that for many years it was assumed by many historians and journalists that Le Corbusier was in fact its designer.
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Abstract
Alchemy was the synthesis or transmutation of all elements in perfect balance to obtain the philosopher’s stone, the key to health. Just as alchemists sought this, so health practitioners always seek the best possible practice for optimal health outcomes for our patients. Best practice requires full knowledge—a little information can be dangerous. We need to serve our apprenticeship before we master our profession. Our profession is about improving health care. While the journey may start at medical school, the learning never ceases. It is not only about practising medicine, it is about the development of the practitioner. Professional practice requires systematic thinking combined with capacity to deal morally and creatively in areas of complexity and uncertainty appropriate to a specific context. It requires exemplary communication skills to interact with patients to facilitate collaborative decision making resulting in best practice. The synthesis of scientific and contextual evidence is a concept which applies to all disciplines where theoretical knowledge needs to be transferred to action to inform best practice. Decisions need to be made which take into account a complex array of factors, such as social and legal issues and resource constraints. Therefore, journey towards best practice involves transmutation of these three elements: scientific knowledge, the context in which it is applied and phronesis, the practical wisdom of the practitioner. All science has its limitations and we can never know all possible contextual information. Hence, like the philosopher’s stone, best practice is a goal to which we aspire but never quite attain.
Evidence-based practice, lifelong learning, postgraduate education
Issue Section: Editorial
Introduction
Alchemy was the synthesis or transmutation of all elements in perfect balance to obtain the philosopher’s stone. It was about the creation of a ‘panacea’, the elixir of life, a remedy to cure all diseases, the key to health. Just as alchemists sought this, so health practitioners always seek the best possible practice for optimal health outcomes for our patients.
Best practice requires full knowledge—a little information can be dangerous. We need to serve our apprenticeship before we master our profession. Our profession is about improving health care. While the journey may start at medical school, the learning never ceases. It is not only about practising medicinebut also about the development of the practitioner.
Professional practice requires systematic thinking combined with capacity to deal morally and creatively in areas of complexity and uncertainty appropriate to a specific context. It requires exemplary communication skills to interact with patients to facilitate collaborative decision making resulting in best practice. The synthesis of scientific and contextual evidence is a concept applies to all disciplines where theoretical knowledge needs to be transferred to action to inform best practice. Decisions need to be made which take into account complex array of factors, such as social and legal issues and resource constraints. Therefore, journey towards best practice involves transmutation of these three elements: scientific knowledge, the context in which it is applied and phronesis, the practical wisdom of the practitioner.
Clinical practice can be considered to be the sum of scholarship and professionalism. Scholarship is about empirical knowledge, research evidence, science and logic. We need to know how to assess the quality of evidence, judge the relevance and value of new knowledge to our own practice and determine whether this new knowledge is practice confirming or practice changing. Thus, the basis of our practice is scientific scholarship but we also need to learn the art. Professionalism is about the understanding and application of contextual knowledge and professional expertise, it is about artistry and judgement. We need both clinical reasoning and ethical decision making.
Alchemy was about integration across domains. The basic elements of water, fire, air and earth and core processes of decomposition, sublimation, distillation, amalgamation, fermentation and purification needed to be precisely combined and balanced to attain the philosopher’s stone. Similarly, clinical practice involves the domains of both scholarship and professionalism. For best practice, we must consider the prevalence of a condition, its diagnosis and treatment and its likely prognosis. However, in our management of patients, we must also consider the interplay of many other factors—the law, human rights and dignity, issues of equity for all patients, the potential benefits and harms of intervening or not intervening, the role of the professional and the emotional responses of all involved (Fig. 1).
FIGURE 1
Domains of alchemy and domains of clinical practice
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Domains of alchemy and domains of clinical practice
Alchemy involves finding perfect combination of planetary metals (such as silver, copper and mercury) and mundane elements (such as potassium and sulphur) to transmute matter into the elixir of life. The alchemist studied and practised for many years striving to reach this goal. In the same way, to determine best practice, we need to know the scientific evidence. Randomized controlled trials can demonstrate whether intervention is effective. This knowledge may be strengthened if we combine trials in systematic reviews and meta-analyse. We need to know how well a test will pick or miss a diagnosis. Case-controlled studies help us identify factors, which contribute to a particular disease. Qualitative research brings narrative to our numbers, adds the why and how to our results (Fig. 2).
FIGURE 2
Types of matter and types of evidence
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Types of matter and types of evidence
However, in practice, evidence needs to be assessed from perspective of a particular patient. Many things contribute to what decisions are actually made. These include both the patient and the practitioner’s values, numerous attributes of the patient (such as their age and their co-morbidities), their family and the community in which they live, their culture and local policy. Limited resources may mean that the ideal test or treatment is not affordable. For example, evidence indicates that heart failure should be diagnosed on basis of an echocardiogram, but if patient does not have access to this test, then the clinician may rely on symptoms and signs. Best management might include use of beta blockers, but if the patient has asthma, which this drug exacerbates, alternative treatments must be chosen. A child with bacterial pneumonia requires antibiotics, but relatives of elderly demented and chronically ill person with this condition may decline such treatment for their family member.
Best practice is the transmutation or synthesis of knowledge. However, all science has its limitations. What has been found to be true for particular population may not be generalizable to another. Furthermore, we can never know all possible contextual information. For example, we may not be able to predict that a person will have allergic reaction to drug we give them. Hence, like the philosopher’s stone, best practice is a goal to which we aspire but never quite attain.
Scientific knowledge is incomplete. It is always undergoing change and being added to. We need skills to access and critically appraise new knowledge as research progresses. Likewise, the context changes with every patient, and patient’s needs and values change over time. Professional expertise also requires self-reflection and evaluation of the outcomes of our decisions. All this evidence goes back into the mix and contributes to future decision making (Fig. 3). This is the process of lifelong learning—how the apprentice achieves mastery.
FIGURE 3
Synthesis of knowledge into best practice
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Synthesis of knowledge into best practice
The principle of the synthesis of scientific and contextual knowledge, funnelled through the wisdom of the practitioner, applies to health care in the realms of clinical and forensic practice, research, education and dissemination of information.
Clinical practice
Cecil Lewis, the founding Dean of my Medical School, emphasized that most health care takes place in the community not in the hospital and that doctors should treat patients holistically—body, mind and spirit. He believed it important for doctors to be well-rounded people and their education should include both science and humanity. He introduced a 3-month elective in the final year for students to spend 3 months doing whatever they passionate about, something to feed their soul, be it music, art, science or medicine. Combining theoretical knowledge with real life situations begins with clinical practice.
Alchemists were early doctors, in search of potions to promote healing. This is an intent that doctors still seek, applying scientific knowledge within a particular context to assist our patients to heal. My first general practice experience job was as a locum in Blaengwynfi, a mining village in South Wales. I shared the on-call roster with Dr Julian Tudor-Hart, a GP from the neighbouring village Glyncorrwg. I found him to be a truly inspirational GP. Julian was working with his patients to make their lives healthier through systematically checking their blood pressures and helping them to change their lifestyles—getting them to look at their diet, their smoking and exercise or lack of it. These Welsh villages very impoverished and the GPs who worked there did twice as much work for half pay of those working in more affluent areas. Julian taught me that the people most likely to need health care were the least likely to receive it. It was only many years later that I learned that Julian is an icon of general practice in the UK and that his ‘inverse care law’ is famous.1
I worked as a doctor in Jamaica for 2 years, where the health need was great. There I experienced first-hand how best practice has to be tempered by the circumstances and what is available. I ran a health centre just out of Kingston where there had been no doctor for a number of years and ∼20 000 people in the catchment area. However, there was a great team of auxiliary staff whom I trained to deliver health talks to the large group of people who would sit in shade of the mango trees waiting to see the doctor. The staff would also write labels, count pills and put into bottles the drugs I used to wheedle from the Ministry depot in downtown Kingston. After every 20 patients, I would stop consulting and dispense my own prescriptions. Patients were instructed to bring back pill bottles for recycling. I used to estimate patients’ haemoglobin levels by the strength of copper sulphate solution in which a drop of their blood would float. While a public laboratory was available at the downtown hospital, generally this was not an accessible option due to resource constraints (most patients could not afford the bus fare) and the potential associated harms (gun wars in ghettos made travelling there dangerous).
Forensic practice
Transmutation of scientific and contextual knowledge also applies to forensic practice. This involves examining all available evidence about the circumstances, applying what we know from scientific literature and then assessing whether the evidence may confirm or refute that alleged events occurred or were committed by person accused. Both the presence and the absence of evidence need to be considered. Sometimes evidence points to guilt. The accused may then plead guilty or be found guilty at trial. Sometimes evidence points to innocence. The charges may then be dropped or the accused found not guilty. Other times, it provides an estimate of probability or improbability. Crimes do not have to be proved; only that person is guilty beyond reasonable doubt.
The roles of the clinical and forensic practitioner are different, and you cannot serve Hippocrates and Hammurabi at the same time. The clinician serves Hippocrates, the Healer. This role is to relieve suffering, provide treatment and prevent further illness or injury and the duty of care is to the patient. The forensic physician serves Hammurabi, the lawgiver. Here, the role is one of evidence gathering with the basic tenet of impartiality. The role is to provide expert opinion and the duty of care is to the Court. While both roles require the synthesis of scientific and contextual evidence, clinicians called upon as expert witnesses need to make this distinction between their therapeutic and forensic responsibilities. Before a hearing, there is a complainant not a victim and a defendant not an offender. Both clinical and forensic practitioners should treat complainants with compassion and respect, and this treatment should also be afforded to the accused.
Research
The alchemist was researcher, constantly experimenting to find philosopher’s stone. He was looking for the perfect balance not only of ingredients but also of processes. Primary care research needs to study not only the prevalence, diagnosis, management and prognosis of disease but also issues such as how to communicate our knowledge to our patients. Clinical decisions may require the complex weighing up of the potential benefits and harms of each course of action. There are numerous ways to communicate this—as relative or as absolute risk, odds, numbers needed to treat or natural frequencies, positively or negatively framed, as numbers or in pictures.2 Our methods of communication will influence how well our patients understand the possible consequences of a management decision and may also actively encourage or discourage them from making particular choices. Using only relative risk may be manipulative. For example, if we tell a patient that one drug has double the chance of a particular side-effect compared to another, the impact of this information is likely to be very different if the risk changes from 1 in 20 to 1 in 10, than if the risk increases from 1 in 20 000 to 1 in 10 000. There is no single optimal method of communicating information on potential benefits and harms, but research can assist us to find the best way to impart knowledge to ensure truly collaborative decision making.
Education
Because knowledge is always changing, clinicians need to embark on a journey of lifelong learning and those with knowledge need to pass it on to others. A network of schools of alchemy existed for over millennia, starting in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, spreading to India, Persia and the Far East, on through classical Greek and Roman civilizations to the medieval Islamic world and then medieval Europe. The science and art of alchemy were passed down to students by master alchemists.
Postgraduate education needs to follow the same model of combining scholarship and professionalism. In all clinical disciplines, practitioners need the tools to access and critically appraise new knowledge as research progresses to assess the quality of evidence and its relevance to their own practice. This knowledge can then applied in context of individual patients. Professional expertise also requires self-reflection and the assessment of outcomes of decisions. Postgraduate students need to be able to look at research knowledge from populations and ask:
Should this confirm or change my practice?
Are these findings realistic—is this test or intervention available, will it be used and will it be worthwhile?
Is it relevant to this particular patient?
How does it apply to patients with other conditions and preferences?
What are relative gains and risks for my patient?
They can explore their own and other colleagues’ clinical reasoning and decision making in specific scenarios. This enables them to reflect on the weight they give different components, such as exploring and explaining relative benefits and harms of intervening or not intervening and issues relating to the law, equity and human rights and dignity.
Publication
Finally, our ever-growing body of knowledge needs to circulated. The philosophy of alchemy persisted for >2000 years. The findings of alchemists were recorded in texts and scrolls and disseminated in their schools and libraries. The best way to disseminate primary health care knowledge is via our peer-reviewed indexed medical journals. Primarily, this is the publication of original research. However, while scientific evidence can help inform best practice, sometimes there is no evidence available or applicable for a specific patient with his or her own set of conditions, beliefs, expectations and social circumstances. Evidence needs to be placed in context. General practice is art as well as a science. Quality of care lies also with nature of clinical relationship, with communication and truly informed decision-making. We also need to publish editorials, viewpoints, commentaries and reflections that explore areas of uncertainty, ethics, aspects of care for which there is no one right answer.
Conclusions
In the journey from apprentice to master, we gain knowledge and practical wisdom along way. As clinicians, researchers and teachers, we are all on a journey of lifelong learning, constantly adding and re-evaluating knowledge to practice the best that we can.
The Château de Châteauneuf-sur-Loire is a French castle, built in the 17th and 18th centuries, located in Châteauneuf-sur-Loire in the department of Loiret in the Centre-Val de Loire region.
The Loire Navy Museum (French: Musée de la Marine de Loire) is located in the old stables of the castle.
Geography
Originally, the castle was built in the former province of Orléanais of the Kingdom of France.
The building is located in the natural region of the Loire Valley, at the corner of the Douves and Aristide-Briand squares, in the town center of the commune, near the north bank of the Loire.
History
The construction of the castle began in the 17th century. Certain parts and structures of the seigneurial residence are made using a yellow calcareous stone from the quarries of the town of Apremont-sur-Allier. The blocks of stone were then transported by waterway via the course of the Allier, then that of the Loire using flat-bottomed boats.
It was bought between 1792 and 1794 by the Orléans architect Benoît Lebrun who had a large part of the building destroyed. It retained only the rotunda, a gallery, the orangery, the outbuildings and the entrance pavilions. He died there on September 29, 1819.
The commune of Châteauneuf-sur-Loire bought the castle in 1926 and set up schools and the town hall there.
Park
The organization of the park, dating from the 17th century, first followed the influence of André Le Nôtre, gardener to the King of France in the 17th century. In 1821, the space was remodeled into an English-style park under the impetus of René Charles Huillard d'Hérou.
The park extends over twenty hectares and includes a river that connects the castle moat to the banks of the Loire.
In 1934, the General Council of Loiret became the owner of the park and managed its development.
Notable flora include the alley of arborescent rhododendrons and azaleas, giant magnolias and tulip trees. The park is home to around 30 remarkable trees, including a Japanese pagoda tree and a Virginia tulip tree registered since June 2009 in the directory of remarkable trees in France.
The reconstruction of the Temple of Love originally built in the park in the 18th century was carried out by students from the Lycée Gaudier-Brzeska in Saint-Jean-de-Braye and inaugurated on February 14, 2009.
In 2010-2011, the General Council of Loiret developed 7 hectares of the park in order to clean up the park's wetlands and connect the promenade to the Loire.
Châteauneuf-sur-Loire is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
Population
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19684,850—
19755,528+1.89%
19825,998+1.17%
19906,558+1.12%
19997,032+0.78%
20077,801+1.31%
20127,926+0.32%
20178,126+0.50%
Twin towns
Portugal Amarante, Portugal
Germany Bad Laasphe, Germany
André Le Nôtre (French pronunciation; 12 March 1613 – 15 September 1700), originally rendered as André Le Nostre, was a French landscape architect and the principal gardener of King Louis XIV of France. He was the landscape architect who designed the gardens of the Palace of Versailles; his work represents the height of the French formal garden style, or jardin à la française.
Prior to working on Versailles, Le Nôtre collaborated with Louis Le Vau and Charles Le Brun on the park at Vaux-le-Vicomte. His other works include the design of gardens and parks at Bicton Park Botanical Gardens, Chantilly, Fontainebleau, Saint-Cloud and Saint-Germain. His contribution to planning was also significant: at the Tuileries he extended the westward vista, which later became the avenue of the Champs-Élysées and comprise the Axe historique.
Biography
Early life
André Le Nôtre was born in Paris, into a family of gardeners. Pierre Le Nôtre, who was in charge of the Tuileries Garden in 1572, may have been his grandfather. André's father Jean Le Nôtre was also responsible for sections of the Tuileries gardens, initially under Claude Mollet, and later as head gardener, during the reign of Louis XIII. André was born on 12 March 1613, and was baptised at the Église Saint-Roch. His godfather at the ceremony was an administrator of the royal gardens, and his godmother was the wife of Claude Mollet.
The family lived in a house within the Tuilieries, and André thus grew up surrounded by gardening, and quickly acquired both practical and theoretical knowledge. The location also allowed him to study in the nearby Palais du Louvre, part of which was then used as an academy of the arts. He learned mathematics, painting and architecture, and entered the atelier of Simon Vouet, painter to Louis XIII, where he met and befriended the painter Charles Le Brun. He learned classical art and perspective, and studied for several years under the architect François Mansart, a friend of Le Brun.
Career
In 1635, Le Nôtre was named the principal gardener of the king's brother Gaston, Duke of Orléans. On 26 June 1637, Le Nôtre was appointed head gardener at the Tuileries, taking over his father's position. He had primary responsibility for the areas of the garden closest to the palace, including the orangery built by Simon Bouchard. In 1643 he was appointed "draughtsman of plants and terraces" for Anne of Austria, the queen mother, and from 1645 to 1646 he worked on the modernisation of the gardens of the Palace of Fontainebleau.
He was later put in charge of all the royal gardens of France, and in 1657 he was further appointed Controller-General of the Royal Buildings. There are few direct references to Le Nôtre in the royal accounts, and Le Nôtre himself seldom wrote down his ideas or approach to gardening. He expressed himself purely through his gardens. He became a trusted advisor to Louis XIV, and in 1675 he was ennobled by the King. He and Le Brun even accompanied the court at the Siege of Cambrai (1677).
In 1640, he married Françoise Langlois. They had three children, although none survived to adulthood.
Vaux-le-Vicomte
André Le Nôtre's first major garden design was undertaken for Nicolas Fouquet, Louis XIV's Superintendent of Finances. Fouquet began work on the Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte in 1657, employing the architect Louis Le Vau, the painter Charles Le Brun, and Le Nôtre. The three designers worked in partnership, with Le Nôtre laying out a grand, symmetrical arrangement of parterres, pools and gravel walks. Le Vau and Le Nôtre exploited the changing levels across the site, so that the canal is invisible from the house, and employed forced perspective to make the grotto appear closer than it really is. The gardens were complete by 1661, when Fouquet held a grand entertainment for the king. But only three weeks later, on 10 September 1661, Fouquet was arrested for embezzling state funds, and his artists and craftsmen were taken into the king's service.
Versailles
From 1661, Le Nôtre worked for Louis XIV to build and enhance the garden and parks of the Palace of Versailles. Louis extended the existing hunting lodge, eventually making it his primary residence and seat of power. Le Nôtre also laid out the radiating city plan of Versailles, which included the largest avenue yet seen in Europe, the Avenue de Paris.
In the following century, the Versailles design influenced Pierre Charles L'Enfant's master plan for Washington, D.C. See, L'Enfant Plan.
Other gardens
France
In 1661, Le Nôtre was also working on the gardens at the Palace of Fontainebleau. In 1663 he was engaged at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and the Château de Saint-Cloud, residence of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, where he would oversee works for many years. Also from 1663, Le Nôtre was engaged at the Château de Chantilly, the property of the Prince de Condé, where he worked with his brother-in-law Pierre Desgots until the 1680s. From 1664 he was rebuilding the gardens of the Tuileries, at the behest of Colbert, Louis's chief minister, who still hoped the king would remain in Paris. In 1667 Le Nôtre extended the main axis of the gardens westward, creating the avenue which would become the Champs-Élysées. Colbert commissioned Le Nôtre in 1670, to alter the gardens of his own Château de Sceaux, which was ongoing until 1683.
Abroad
Le Nôtre's most impressive design other than Versailles is the gardens of Bicton Park Botanical Gardens in Devon, England which can still be visited today. In 1662, he provided designs for Greenwich Park in London, for Charles II of England. In 1670 Le Nôtre conceived a project for the Castle of Racconigi in Italy, and between 1674 and 1698 he remodelled the gardens of the Palace of Venaria, and the Royal Palace of Turin. In 1679, he visited Italy.
Final works
Between 1679 and 1682, he was involved in the planning of the gardens of Château de Meudon for François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, and in 1691 redid the garden of the Hôtel de Saint-Aignan in Paris.
His work has often been favorably compared and contrasted ("the antithesis") to the œuvre of Capability Brown, the English landscape architect.
List of principal gardens by Le Nôtre
17th-century engraving of the gardens of the Château de Chantilly
Plan of the Château de Braine and its gardens
Gardens of Versailles, city plan of Versailles
Gardens of Bicton Park Botanical Gardens
Gardens of Vaux-le-Vicomte
Gardens of the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Gardens of the Château de Saint-Cloud (the château no longer stands but the gardens still exist)
Gardens of the Palais des Tuileries
Gardens of the Château de Sceaux
Gardens of the Château de Fontainebleau
Gardens of the Château de Chantilly
Gardens of the Château de Bercy (demolished), Charenton-le-Pont
Gardens of the Château de Braine (demolished, Braine, Aisne)
Gardens of the Château de Chambonas
Gardens of the Château d'Issy (demolished)
Gardens of the Château de Chenailles
In popular culture
André Le Nôtre was played by Matthias Schoenaerts in the 2014 film A Little Chaos.
The Château de Châteauneuf-sur-Loire is a French castle, built in the 17th and 18th centuries, located in Châteauneuf-sur-Loire in the department of Loiret in the Centre-Val de Loire region.
The Loire Navy Museum (French: Musée de la Marine de Loire) is located in the old stables of the castle.
Geography
Originally, the castle was built in the former province of Orléanais of the Kingdom of France.
The building is located in the natural region of the Loire Valley, at the corner of the Douves and Aristide-Briand squares, in the town center of the commune, near the north bank of the Loire.
History
The construction of the castle began in the 17th century. Certain parts and structures of the seigneurial residence are made using a yellow calcareous stone from the quarries of the town of Apremont-sur-Allier. The blocks of stone were then transported by waterway via the course of the Allier, then that of the Loire using flat-bottomed boats.
It was bought between 1792 and 1794 by the Orléans architect Benoît Lebrun who had a large part of the building destroyed. It retained only the rotunda, a gallery, the orangery, the outbuildings and the entrance pavilions. He died there on September 29, 1819.
The commune of Châteauneuf-sur-Loire bought the castle in 1926 and set up schools and the town hall there.
Park
The organization of the park, dating from the 17th century, first followed the influence of André Le Nôtre, gardener to the King of France in the 17th century. In 1821, the space was remodeled into an English-style park under the impetus of René Charles Huillard d'Hérou.
The park extends over twenty hectares and includes a river that connects the castle moat to the banks of the Loire.
In 1934, the General Council of Loiret became the owner of the park and managed its development.
Notable flora include the alley of arborescent rhododendrons and azaleas, giant magnolias and tulip trees. The park is home to around 30 remarkable trees, including a Japanese pagoda tree and a Virginia tulip tree registered since June 2009 in the directory of remarkable trees in France.
The reconstruction of the Temple of Love originally built in the park in the 18th century was carried out by students from the Lycée Gaudier-Brzeska in Saint-Jean-de-Braye and inaugurated on February 14, 2009.
In 2010-2011, the General Council of Loiret developed 7 hectares of the park in order to clean up the park's wetlands and connect the promenade to the Loire.
Châteauneuf-sur-Loire is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
Population
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19684,850—
19755,528+1.89%
19825,998+1.17%
19906,558+1.12%
19997,032+0.78%
20077,801+1.31%
20127,926+0.32%
20178,126+0.50%
Twin towns
Portugal Amarante, Portugal
Germany Bad Laasphe, Germany
André Le Nôtre (French pronunciation; 12 March 1613 – 15 September 1700), originally rendered as André Le Nostre, was a French landscape architect and the principal gardener of King Louis XIV of France. He was the landscape architect who designed the gardens of the Palace of Versailles; his work represents the height of the French formal garden style, or jardin à la française.
Prior to working on Versailles, Le Nôtre collaborated with Louis Le Vau and Charles Le Brun on the park at Vaux-le-Vicomte. His other works include the design of gardens and parks at Bicton Park Botanical Gardens, Chantilly, Fontainebleau, Saint-Cloud and Saint-Germain. His contribution to planning was also significant: at the Tuileries he extended the westward vista, which later became the avenue of the Champs-Élysées and comprise the Axe historique.
Biography
Early life
André Le Nôtre was born in Paris, into a family of gardeners. Pierre Le Nôtre, who was in charge of the Tuileries Garden in 1572, may have been his grandfather. André's father Jean Le Nôtre was also responsible for sections of the Tuileries gardens, initially under Claude Mollet, and later as head gardener, during the reign of Louis XIII. André was born on 12 March 1613, and was baptised at the Église Saint-Roch. His godfather at the ceremony was an administrator of the royal gardens, and his godmother was the wife of Claude Mollet.
The family lived in a house within the Tuilieries, and André thus grew up surrounded by gardening, and quickly acquired both practical and theoretical knowledge. The location also allowed him to study in the nearby Palais du Louvre, part of which was then used as an academy of the arts. He learned mathematics, painting and architecture, and entered the atelier of Simon Vouet, painter to Louis XIII, where he met and befriended the painter Charles Le Brun. He learned classical art and perspective, and studied for several years under the architect François Mansart, a friend of Le Brun.
Career
In 1635, Le Nôtre was named the principal gardener of the king's brother Gaston, Duke of Orléans. On 26 June 1637, Le Nôtre was appointed head gardener at the Tuileries, taking over his father's position. He had primary responsibility for the areas of the garden closest to the palace, including the orangery built by Simon Bouchard. In 1643 he was appointed "draughtsman of plants and terraces" for Anne of Austria, the queen mother, and from 1645 to 1646 he worked on the modernisation of the gardens of the Palace of Fontainebleau.
He was later put in charge of all the royal gardens of France, and in 1657 he was further appointed Controller-General of the Royal Buildings. There are few direct references to Le Nôtre in the royal accounts, and Le Nôtre himself seldom wrote down his ideas or approach to gardening. He expressed himself purely through his gardens. He became a trusted advisor to Louis XIV, and in 1675 he was ennobled by the King. He and Le Brun even accompanied the court at the Siege of Cambrai (1677).
In 1640, he married Françoise Langlois. They had three children, although none survived to adulthood.
Vaux-le-Vicomte
André Le Nôtre's first major garden design was undertaken for Nicolas Fouquet, Louis XIV's Superintendent of Finances. Fouquet began work on the Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte in 1657, employing the architect Louis Le Vau, the painter Charles Le Brun, and Le Nôtre. The three designers worked in partnership, with Le Nôtre laying out a grand, symmetrical arrangement of parterres, pools and gravel walks. Le Vau and Le Nôtre exploited the changing levels across the site, so that the canal is invisible from the house, and employed forced perspective to make the grotto appear closer than it really is. The gardens were complete by 1661, when Fouquet held a grand entertainment for the king. But only three weeks later, on 10 September 1661, Fouquet was arrested for embezzling state funds, and his artists and craftsmen were taken into the king's service.
Versailles
From 1661, Le Nôtre worked for Louis XIV to build and enhance the garden and parks of the Palace of Versailles. Louis extended the existing hunting lodge, eventually making it his primary residence and seat of power. Le Nôtre also laid out the radiating city plan of Versailles, which included the largest avenue yet seen in Europe, the Avenue de Paris.
In the following century, the Versailles design influenced Pierre Charles L'Enfant's master plan for Washington, D.C. See, L'Enfant Plan.
Other gardens
France
In 1661, Le Nôtre was also working on the gardens at the Palace of Fontainebleau. In 1663 he was engaged at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and the Château de Saint-Cloud, residence of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, where he would oversee works for many years. Also from 1663, Le Nôtre was engaged at the Château de Chantilly, the property of the Prince de Condé, where he worked with his brother-in-law Pierre Desgots until the 1680s. From 1664 he was rebuilding the gardens of the Tuileries, at the behest of Colbert, Louis's chief minister, who still hoped the king would remain in Paris. In 1667 Le Nôtre extended the main axis of the gardens westward, creating the avenue which would become the Champs-Élysées. Colbert commissioned Le Nôtre in 1670, to alter the gardens of his own Château de Sceaux, which was ongoing until 1683.
Abroad
Le Nôtre's most impressive design other than Versailles is the gardens of Bicton Park Botanical Gardens in Devon, England which can still be visited today. In 1662, he provided designs for Greenwich Park in London, for Charles II of England. In 1670 Le Nôtre conceived a project for the Castle of Racconigi in Italy, and between 1674 and 1698 he remodelled the gardens of the Palace of Venaria, and the Royal Palace of Turin. In 1679, he visited Italy.
Final works
Between 1679 and 1682, he was involved in the planning of the gardens of Château de Meudon for François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, and in 1691 redid the garden of the Hôtel de Saint-Aignan in Paris.
His work has often been favorably compared and contrasted ("the antithesis") to the œuvre of Capability Brown, the English landscape architect.
List of principal gardens by Le Nôtre
17th-century engraving of the gardens of the Château de Chantilly
Plan of the Château de Braine and its gardens
Gardens of Versailles, city plan of Versailles
Gardens of Bicton Park Botanical Gardens
Gardens of Vaux-le-Vicomte
Gardens of the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Gardens of the Château de Saint-Cloud (the château no longer stands but the gardens still exist)
Gardens of the Palais des Tuileries
Gardens of the Château de Sceaux
Gardens of the Château de Fontainebleau
Gardens of the Château de Chantilly
Gardens of the Château de Bercy (demolished), Charenton-le-Pont
Gardens of the Château de Braine (demolished, Braine, Aisne)
Gardens of the Château de Chambonas
Gardens of the Château d'Issy (demolished)
Gardens of the Château de Chenailles
In popular culture
André Le Nôtre was played by Matthias Schoenaerts in the 2014 film A Little Chaos.
As a driver needs a license, gained through accredited theoretical knowledge of the road rules and practical demonstration of that theory, human intelligence also requires qualifications to get us, the nonmaterial particle, safely and surely to our ultimate destination.
In yoga wisdom the body is compared to a vehicle. The mind is likened to the steering wheel, and the atma, or essential self, to the passenger. Intelligence, the final component in the picture, corresponds to the driver. What is the purpose of the vehicle? To get us, the passenger, to enlightenment, the uniquely human destination.
But if our driver has no knowledge of that destination and simply wants to joy ride, we waste valuable time and energy chasing the same things other species get without such hard work. This is a tragedy according to yoga wisdom, because only in the human vehicle can our driver learn the road rules, the subtle laws of nature, and guide us properly. Rather than living in mountains and jungles, Bhakti Yogis are dedicated to sharing that knowledge, the greatest human necessity.
CLARK, Kenneth (1970). Civilisatie. Een persoonlijke visie. Dutch version by Unieboek N.V., Fibula - van Dishoeck. Bussum.
---
Albrecht Dürer was one of the leading figures of the Northern Renaissance, who created masterpieces in the mediums of drawing, paintings and printmaking. He also made significant contributions to the exchange of knowledge between the Italian and the Northern Renaissance, and established important relations with representatives of Italian Renaissance. Throughout his life, Dürer made two trips to Italy, where he acquired vital knowledge of proportions, anatomy and perspective. He then dedicated extensive portions of his life to spreading this theoretical knowledge, making it available to younger artists in Four Books of Human Proportion (publ. c. 1528) and Instruction in Measurement (1525).
Dürer was born in 1471 in Nuremberg. His father was a successful goldsmith, Albrecht Dürer the Elder, for whom he began to apprentice at the age of thirteen. Early on, Dürer began to show an inclination toward painting, and in 1486 he was sent to apprentice at the workshop of a local painter, Michael Wolgemut. In 1494, following his father’s arrangement, he married Agnes Frey, and shortly after left for his first trip to Italy. The trip was integral to his artistic development, and upon his return to Nuremberg in 1495, he opened his own workshop, where he principally focused on printmaking - engravings and woodcuts. In this period, Dürer concentrated on building his name and reputation. His aspirations and ambitions come across in his self-portraits from the period, namely in Self Portrait (1498) and Self Portrait at the Age of Twenty Eight (1500).
In 1505 Dürer took his second trip to Venice, where he created important artworks such as Feast of the Rosary (1506), an altarpiece commissioned by a colony of German merchants in Venice. Although the panel was influenced by Venetian color and design, the subject is undeniably German. The iconography centers on Rosary devotion, that originated in Cologne in the 1470s and spread throughout Germany and Holland. In addition, the artist features a German alpine landscape in the background. After his return to Nuremberg in the spring of 1507, Dürer created some of his most celebrated paintings: Adam and Eve (1507) and The Martyrdom of Ten Thousand (1508).
In the following years, Dürer once again turned his attention to printmaking, namely woodcuts and engravings. He understood printmaking as an art in its own right and created some of his best known works in this medium. In the years 1513 and 1514, he completed the most significant engraving of his career, also known as his ‘master engravings’: Knight, Death and the Devil (1513), St. Jerome in his Study (1514) and Melencolia I (1514). The three prints are often linked together even though they do not strictly share a common theme or meaning. However, these certainly represent the pinnacle of Dürer’s technical skill in his handling of light and shade and mastery of the engraved line.
Dürer died prematurely in 1528 at the age of fifty seven. At the time of his death, he was considered one of the famous artists of his time, only surpassed by Michelangelo and Raphael.
The Château de Châteauneuf-sur-Loire is a French castle, built in the 17th and 18th centuries, located in Châteauneuf-sur-Loire in the department of Loiret in the Centre-Val de Loire region.
The Loire Navy Museum (French: Musée de la Marine de Loire) is located in the old stables of the castle.
Geography
Originally, the castle was built in the former province of Orléanais of the Kingdom of France.
The building is located in the natural region of the Loire Valley, at the corner of the Douves and Aristide-Briand squares, in the town center of the commune, near the north bank of the Loire.
History
The construction of the castle began in the 17th century. Certain parts and structures of the seigneurial residence are made using a yellow calcareous stone from the quarries of the town of Apremont-sur-Allier. The blocks of stone were then transported by waterway via the course of the Allier, then that of the Loire using flat-bottomed boats.
It was bought between 1792 and 1794 by the Orléans architect Benoît Lebrun who had a large part of the building destroyed. It retained only the rotunda, a gallery, the orangery, the outbuildings and the entrance pavilions. He died there on September 29, 1819.
The commune of Châteauneuf-sur-Loire bought the castle in 1926 and set up schools and the town hall there.
Park
The organization of the park, dating from the 17th century, first followed the influence of André Le Nôtre, gardener to the King of France in the 17th century. In 1821, the space was remodeled into an English-style park under the impetus of René Charles Huillard d'Hérou.
The park extends over twenty hectares and includes a river that connects the castle moat to the banks of the Loire.
In 1934, the General Council of Loiret became the owner of the park and managed its development.
Notable flora include the alley of arborescent rhododendrons and azaleas, giant magnolias and tulip trees. The park is home to around 30 remarkable trees, including a Japanese pagoda tree and a Virginia tulip tree registered since June 2009 in the directory of remarkable trees in France.
The reconstruction of the Temple of Love originally built in the park in the 18th century was carried out by students from the Lycée Gaudier-Brzeska in Saint-Jean-de-Braye and inaugurated on February 14, 2009.
In 2010-2011, the General Council of Loiret developed 7 hectares of the park in order to clean up the park's wetlands and connect the promenade to the Loire.
Châteauneuf-sur-Loire is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
Population
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19684,850—
19755,528+1.89%
19825,998+1.17%
19906,558+1.12%
19997,032+0.78%
20077,801+1.31%
20127,926+0.32%
20178,126+0.50%
Twin towns
Portugal Amarante, Portugal
Germany Bad Laasphe, Germany
André Le Nôtre (French pronunciation; 12 March 1613 – 15 September 1700), originally rendered as André Le Nostre, was a French landscape architect and the principal gardener of King Louis XIV of France. He was the landscape architect who designed the gardens of the Palace of Versailles; his work represents the height of the French formal garden style, or jardin à la française.
Prior to working on Versailles, Le Nôtre collaborated with Louis Le Vau and Charles Le Brun on the park at Vaux-le-Vicomte. His other works include the design of gardens and parks at Bicton Park Botanical Gardens, Chantilly, Fontainebleau, Saint-Cloud and Saint-Germain. His contribution to planning was also significant: at the Tuileries he extended the westward vista, which later became the avenue of the Champs-Élysées and comprise the Axe historique.
Biography
Early life
André Le Nôtre was born in Paris, into a family of gardeners. Pierre Le Nôtre, who was in charge of the Tuileries Garden in 1572, may have been his grandfather. André's father Jean Le Nôtre was also responsible for sections of the Tuileries gardens, initially under Claude Mollet, and later as head gardener, during the reign of Louis XIII. André was born on 12 March 1613, and was baptised at the Église Saint-Roch. His godfather at the ceremony was an administrator of the royal gardens, and his godmother was the wife of Claude Mollet.
The family lived in a house within the Tuilieries, and André thus grew up surrounded by gardening, and quickly acquired both practical and theoretical knowledge. The location also allowed him to study in the nearby Palais du Louvre, part of which was then used as an academy of the arts. He learned mathematics, painting and architecture, and entered the atelier of Simon Vouet, painter to Louis XIII, where he met and befriended the painter Charles Le Brun. He learned classical art and perspective, and studied for several years under the architect François Mansart, a friend of Le Brun.
Career
In 1635, Le Nôtre was named the principal gardener of the king's brother Gaston, Duke of Orléans. On 26 June 1637, Le Nôtre was appointed head gardener at the Tuileries, taking over his father's position. He had primary responsibility for the areas of the garden closest to the palace, including the orangery built by Simon Bouchard. In 1643 he was appointed "draughtsman of plants and terraces" for Anne of Austria, the queen mother, and from 1645 to 1646 he worked on the modernisation of the gardens of the Palace of Fontainebleau.
He was later put in charge of all the royal gardens of France, and in 1657 he was further appointed Controller-General of the Royal Buildings. There are few direct references to Le Nôtre in the royal accounts, and Le Nôtre himself seldom wrote down his ideas or approach to gardening. He expressed himself purely through his gardens. He became a trusted advisor to Louis XIV, and in 1675 he was ennobled by the King. He and Le Brun even accompanied the court at the Siege of Cambrai (1677).
In 1640, he married Françoise Langlois. They had three children, although none survived to adulthood.
Vaux-le-Vicomte
André Le Nôtre's first major garden design was undertaken for Nicolas Fouquet, Louis XIV's Superintendent of Finances. Fouquet began work on the Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte in 1657, employing the architect Louis Le Vau, the painter Charles Le Brun, and Le Nôtre. The three designers worked in partnership, with Le Nôtre laying out a grand, symmetrical arrangement of parterres, pools and gravel walks. Le Vau and Le Nôtre exploited the changing levels across the site, so that the canal is invisible from the house, and employed forced perspective to make the grotto appear closer than it really is. The gardens were complete by 1661, when Fouquet held a grand entertainment for the king. But only three weeks later, on 10 September 1661, Fouquet was arrested for embezzling state funds, and his artists and craftsmen were taken into the king's service.
Versailles
From 1661, Le Nôtre worked for Louis XIV to build and enhance the garden and parks of the Palace of Versailles. Louis extended the existing hunting lodge, eventually making it his primary residence and seat of power. Le Nôtre also laid out the radiating city plan of Versailles, which included the largest avenue yet seen in Europe, the Avenue de Paris.
In the following century, the Versailles design influenced Pierre Charles L'Enfant's master plan for Washington, D.C. See, L'Enfant Plan.
Other gardens
France
In 1661, Le Nôtre was also working on the gardens at the Palace of Fontainebleau. In 1663 he was engaged at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and the Château de Saint-Cloud, residence of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, where he would oversee works for many years. Also from 1663, Le Nôtre was engaged at the Château de Chantilly, the property of the Prince de Condé, where he worked with his brother-in-law Pierre Desgots until the 1680s. From 1664 he was rebuilding the gardens of the Tuileries, at the behest of Colbert, Louis's chief minister, who still hoped the king would remain in Paris. In 1667 Le Nôtre extended the main axis of the gardens westward, creating the avenue which would become the Champs-Élysées. Colbert commissioned Le Nôtre in 1670, to alter the gardens of his own Château de Sceaux, which was ongoing until 1683.
Abroad
Le Nôtre's most impressive design other than Versailles is the gardens of Bicton Park Botanical Gardens in Devon, England which can still be visited today. In 1662, he provided designs for Greenwich Park in London, for Charles II of England. In 1670 Le Nôtre conceived a project for the Castle of Racconigi in Italy, and between 1674 and 1698 he remodelled the gardens of the Palace of Venaria, and the Royal Palace of Turin. In 1679, he visited Italy.
Final works
Between 1679 and 1682, he was involved in the planning of the gardens of Château de Meudon for François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, and in 1691 redid the garden of the Hôtel de Saint-Aignan in Paris.
His work has often been favorably compared and contrasted ("the antithesis") to the œuvre of Capability Brown, the English landscape architect.
List of principal gardens by Le Nôtre
17th-century engraving of the gardens of the Château de Chantilly
Plan of the Château de Braine and its gardens
Gardens of Versailles, city plan of Versailles
Gardens of Bicton Park Botanical Gardens
Gardens of Vaux-le-Vicomte
Gardens of the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Gardens of the Château de Saint-Cloud (the château no longer stands but the gardens still exist)
Gardens of the Palais des Tuileries
Gardens of the Château de Sceaux
Gardens of the Château de Fontainebleau
Gardens of the Château de Chantilly
Gardens of the Château de Bercy (demolished), Charenton-le-Pont
Gardens of the Château de Braine (demolished, Braine, Aisne)
Gardens of the Château de Chambonas
Gardens of the Château d'Issy (demolished)
Gardens of the Château de Chenailles
In popular culture
André Le Nôtre was played by Matthias Schoenaerts in the 2014 film A Little Chaos.
- PRESS L for view that in the light box
- PRESS F to add this as your favorite
- Photographer / Fotograf: Thomas "Wollbinho" Wollbeck
- Camera / Kamera: Canon EOS 1000D
- Lens / Objektiv: Tamron 18-270 F/3.5-6.3 Di II VC
- Creation Software / Erstellungssoftware: Adobe Photoshop 7.0
- Date (Original) / Datum (Original): 17.10.2012
- Place / Ort: Hamburg (Germany)
- Beschreibung: Von einem Künstler gestaltetes Poster im Gängeviertel. "Freiheit ist nur ein Wort für eine neue Art verarscht zu werden"
- Description: Posters designed by an artist in the Gängeviertel. "Freedom is just a word for a new way to be fooled"
This work of Thomas Wollbeck is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Germany License.
INSPIRING TALENT FOR TEN YEARS
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At Mindscreen Film Institute graduates become lifelong members and participate in a very unique tradition. These talented graduates from thousands of cinematographers, screenplay writers, directors and actors become the film industry's most coveted individuals.
The success of the finest vocational training given is measured by the achievements of the institution's graduates, many of whom maintain a life's time career in the industry either behind the screen or on stage, on screen. Mindscreen boasts the ability of its graduates to remain at the cutting edge and to influence rapid changes in the industry setting benchmark for the rest.
Upon graduation, every member will embark on their journey to make a transition into the industry with real world knowledge to pursue their career and be part of our remarkable Alumni community.
Mindscreen Film Institute honors alumni's who have exemplified the Mindscreen tradition of excellence by their personal accomplishment, professional achievement by making significant contributions to the industry.
Mindscreen Film Institute founded by Rajiv Menon, started as a school for Cinematography and branched out to Screenplay Writing, Film-Making, and Direction. Rajiv Menon, known for his passion for teaching, has mentored award winning cinematographers and directors during their formative years.
Run by a team of senior professionals, Mindscreen Film Institute takes pride in having been the training ground for some of the best talent in the film industry today.
The certificate course on Cinematography started in the year 2006 is highly reputed for its comprehensive program on film-making with specialization in cinematography. Students get hands-on learning experience and theoretical knowledge on the latest equipment's and facilities available on the campus.
Mission
Mindscreen Film Institute to offer high-quality professional study programs in the theory & practice of film-making.
Mindscreen Film Institute to focus on specialized areas of film-making that develop very proficient technicians who are creative artists as well.
Mindscreen Film Institute and its alumni to make a professional impact and significant contribution to the media and entertainment industry.
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From the choices a cinematographer confronts, understanding the director & his script, how sound and music transform a scene to the assembling of images in the editing room. And the best way to learn them is to have a real 'touch-feel-do' experience.
Mindscreen Film Institute is all about hands-on learning. Our learning environment is designed to move one beyond their current level, expand the vision, enhance technical skills and unleash the potential to IMAGINE, THINK & CREATE a new way.
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he stayed away from the need to acquire a profession, and he devoted himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian Islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he travels to Rumeli with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection he created (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
As a productive writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, which includes his sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for the era. For the first time in his work, we can recognize the true discovery of a "place": walking; It becomes a form of discovery and recognition (reading) of the view, which includes monuments, history, contemporary people and proven information.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and has rich data in archeology and topography material, creates an infinite wealth of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks in the period before the rebellion (before 1821). In late April 1801, Dodwell took a smart and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he met in Italy, as an interpreter and set off from Venice. In one month, he crossed the Adriatic sea and arrived in Corfu under Russian-ottoman occupation with his companions. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Santa Mavra. Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to the regions of Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrives in Zante from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago. After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's visit to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, the city's architectural arrangement is easily understandable (noting that "the houses of Greeks are lime and the houses of Turks are painted in red"), writes about its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies.
Dodwell chooses to go to Athens in another way due to an epidemic in Peloponnese and passes through Inebahti, Galaksidi (watches carnival shows here) and passes through Amfisa (here is a guest at a Kefalonian doctor's house and visits the voivodeship), makes his way up to Parnasos mountain, stops in Hriso village and stay in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and very few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through Arahova and Distomo and takes it to the ancient site of Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there it continues to other Boeotia villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Crossing the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, Lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the Acropolis was removing the relief marbles. Dodwell stayed here until September and almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and Aegina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he also writes about the dances, music and games of the Greeks, as well as about baths and even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come to the superior level of life here, highly influenced by cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Boeotia and stopping at Chalkida and Marathon. He stays here all summer. In December of 1805, we find him visiting the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, the acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mycenae and Atreus, Tiryns and Nauplion, The ruins of the Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (stop by Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
In the appendix of the publication: place names and different spelling forms, catalog of Kefalonia and Zante islands, Livadia, Amfisa, Lamia, Thebai cities and their major settlements, Corfu, Delfi, Fokis, Thespiae There are inscriptions from the islands of Piraeus, Tinos and Lezbos, musical instruments used in Attica, and the price catalog of products in Athens, as well as a catalog of fruits and vegetables on sale as long as they stay there.
After documenting and archiving the archaeological remains that he visited, using the camera obscura technique, Dodwell aimed to combine art with the scientific view. In his published three volumes of his work, which is a basic resource for all travelers who traveled to Greece after him, and which is still a very useful work in archaeological research, there are nearly 400 pictures of landscape and historical monuments drawn by Dodwell. Recently, dozens more patterns have appeared that have not been known to date.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he avoids the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian Islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he travels to Rumeli with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He falls ill while doing expeditions in the mountains of Italy. His large collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras), which he created from archaeological artifacts, was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and also a visual artist, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent consisting of an archaeologist, a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artist sensitivity in his works that are unique to the period. For the first time in his work, we have the opportunity to recognize the true discovery of a "space": The march combines information based on the monument, history, contemporary people and bibliographies as a means of discovery and recognition.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and has rich data in archeology and topography material, creates an infinite wealth of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (1821).
In late April 1801, Dodwell took a smart and read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy, as an interpreter and set off from Venice. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Leukada (Santa Mavra). In his book, Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here, he goes to Preveza and visits the archaeological site in Nikopolis, continues to the island of Ithaka, writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally Kefalonia '
In 1805 Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrives in Zante from the port of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. He writes about the persecution of Tepedelenli Ali Pasha to the local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago. After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's visit to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, the city's architectural layout is easily understandable (noting that "the houses of Greeks are lime and the houses of Turks are painted in red"), writes about its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (holy water source). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso stops in his village and stays in Kastri, touring the fountain of Kastalya and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi at that time. The road passes through Arahova and Distomo and takes it to the ancient site of Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there it continues to other Boeotia villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Crossing the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, Lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the Acropolis was removing the relief marbles. Dodwell will stay here until September Attica Almost all of them (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and Aegina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he also writes about the dances, music and games of the Greeks, baths and even insects and birds.
After Athens, he passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come to the superior level of life here, highly influenced by cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Boeotia and stopping at Chalkida and Marathon. He stays here all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mykene and Atreus, Tiryns and Nauplion, The ruins of the Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806, depicting all villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. After passing, he stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806, depicting all the villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. After passing, he stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all the villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (stop by Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
After documenting and archiving the archaeological remains that he visited, using the camera obscura technique, Dodwell aimed to combine art with the scientific view. In his published three volumes of his work, which is a basic resource for all travelers who traveled to Greece after him and which is still a very useful work in archaeological research, there are nearly 400 pictures of landscape and historical monuments drawn by Dodwell. Recently, dozens more patterns have appeared that have not been known to date.
The book in question contains colored stone print (aquatinta / painted water) paintings based on Dodwell's own drawings. Each picture is followed by Dodwell's explanatory notes in English and French. In the introduction, it is mentioned that 60 of them were chosen to be published from nearly 1000 sketches, and these were drawn and colored and printed with a special drawing style, but the number of copies printed for financial reasons was low. These drawings are supplements to the Dodwell "Seyahatname" and require the text to be read along with the picture to identify the people and events in the picture. The desire to convey what the artist depicted by staying true to the truth, as well as the effort to record pleasant details from everyday life, is evident in the displayed images.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
The Château de Châteauneuf-sur-Loire is a French castle, built in the 17th and 18th centuries, located in Châteauneuf-sur-Loire in the department of Loiret in the Centre-Val de Loire region.
The Loire Navy Museum (French: Musée de la Marine de Loire) is located in the old stables of the castle.
Geography
Originally, the castle was built in the former province of Orléanais of the Kingdom of France.
The building is located in the natural region of the Loire Valley, at the corner of the Douves and Aristide-Briand squares, in the town center of the commune, near the north bank of the Loire.
History
The construction of the castle began in the 17th century. Certain parts and structures of the seigneurial residence are made using a yellow calcareous stone from the quarries of the town of Apremont-sur-Allier. The blocks of stone were then transported by waterway via the course of the Allier, then that of the Loire using flat-bottomed boats.
It was bought between 1792 and 1794 by the Orléans architect Benoît Lebrun who had a large part of the building destroyed. It retained only the rotunda, a gallery, the orangery, the outbuildings and the entrance pavilions. He died there on September 29, 1819.
The commune of Châteauneuf-sur-Loire bought the castle in 1926 and set up schools and the town hall there.
Park
The organization of the park, dating from the 17th century, first followed the influence of André Le Nôtre, gardener to the King of France in the 17th century. In 1821, the space was remodeled into an English-style park under the impetus of René Charles Huillard d'Hérou.
The park extends over twenty hectares and includes a river that connects the castle moat to the banks of the Loire.
In 1934, the General Council of Loiret became the owner of the park and managed its development.
Notable flora include the alley of arborescent rhododendrons and azaleas, giant magnolias and tulip trees. The park is home to around 30 remarkable trees, including a Japanese pagoda tree and a Virginia tulip tree registered since June 2009 in the directory of remarkable trees in France.
The reconstruction of the Temple of Love originally built in the park in the 18th century was carried out by students from the Lycée Gaudier-Brzeska in Saint-Jean-de-Braye and inaugurated on February 14, 2009.
In 2010-2011, the General Council of Loiret developed 7 hectares of the park in order to clean up the park's wetlands and connect the promenade to the Loire.
Châteauneuf-sur-Loire is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
Population
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19684,850—
19755,528+1.89%
19825,998+1.17%
19906,558+1.12%
19997,032+0.78%
20077,801+1.31%
20127,926+0.32%
20178,126+0.50%
Twin towns
Portugal Amarante, Portugal
Germany Bad Laasphe, Germany
André Le Nôtre (French pronunciation; 12 March 1613 – 15 September 1700), originally rendered as André Le Nostre, was a French landscape architect and the principal gardener of King Louis XIV of France. He was the landscape architect who designed the gardens of the Palace of Versailles; his work represents the height of the French formal garden style, or jardin à la française.
Prior to working on Versailles, Le Nôtre collaborated with Louis Le Vau and Charles Le Brun on the park at Vaux-le-Vicomte. His other works include the design of gardens and parks at Bicton Park Botanical Gardens, Chantilly, Fontainebleau, Saint-Cloud and Saint-Germain. His contribution to planning was also significant: at the Tuileries he extended the westward vista, which later became the avenue of the Champs-Élysées and comprise the Axe historique.
Biography
Early life
André Le Nôtre was born in Paris, into a family of gardeners. Pierre Le Nôtre, who was in charge of the Tuileries Garden in 1572, may have been his grandfather. André's father Jean Le Nôtre was also responsible for sections of the Tuileries gardens, initially under Claude Mollet, and later as head gardener, during the reign of Louis XIII. André was born on 12 March 1613, and was baptised at the Église Saint-Roch. His godfather at the ceremony was an administrator of the royal gardens, and his godmother was the wife of Claude Mollet.
The family lived in a house within the Tuilieries, and André thus grew up surrounded by gardening, and quickly acquired both practical and theoretical knowledge. The location also allowed him to study in the nearby Palais du Louvre, part of which was then used as an academy of the arts. He learned mathematics, painting and architecture, and entered the atelier of Simon Vouet, painter to Louis XIII, where he met and befriended the painter Charles Le Brun. He learned classical art and perspective, and studied for several years under the architect François Mansart, a friend of Le Brun.
Career
In 1635, Le Nôtre was named the principal gardener of the king's brother Gaston, Duke of Orléans. On 26 June 1637, Le Nôtre was appointed head gardener at the Tuileries, taking over his father's position. He had primary responsibility for the areas of the garden closest to the palace, including the orangery built by Simon Bouchard. In 1643 he was appointed "draughtsman of plants and terraces" for Anne of Austria, the queen mother, and from 1645 to 1646 he worked on the modernisation of the gardens of the Palace of Fontainebleau.
He was later put in charge of all the royal gardens of France, and in 1657 he was further appointed Controller-General of the Royal Buildings. There are few direct references to Le Nôtre in the royal accounts, and Le Nôtre himself seldom wrote down his ideas or approach to gardening. He expressed himself purely through his gardens. He became a trusted advisor to Louis XIV, and in 1675 he was ennobled by the King. He and Le Brun even accompanied the court at the Siege of Cambrai (1677).
In 1640, he married Françoise Langlois. They had three children, although none survived to adulthood.
Vaux-le-Vicomte
André Le Nôtre's first major garden design was undertaken for Nicolas Fouquet, Louis XIV's Superintendent of Finances. Fouquet began work on the Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte in 1657, employing the architect Louis Le Vau, the painter Charles Le Brun, and Le Nôtre. The three designers worked in partnership, with Le Nôtre laying out a grand, symmetrical arrangement of parterres, pools and gravel walks. Le Vau and Le Nôtre exploited the changing levels across the site, so that the canal is invisible from the house, and employed forced perspective to make the grotto appear closer than it really is. The gardens were complete by 1661, when Fouquet held a grand entertainment for the king. But only three weeks later, on 10 September 1661, Fouquet was arrested for embezzling state funds, and his artists and craftsmen were taken into the king's service.
Versailles
From 1661, Le Nôtre worked for Louis XIV to build and enhance the garden and parks of the Palace of Versailles. Louis extended the existing hunting lodge, eventually making it his primary residence and seat of power. Le Nôtre also laid out the radiating city plan of Versailles, which included the largest avenue yet seen in Europe, the Avenue de Paris.
In the following century, the Versailles design influenced Pierre Charles L'Enfant's master plan for Washington, D.C. See, L'Enfant Plan.
Other gardens
France
In 1661, Le Nôtre was also working on the gardens at the Palace of Fontainebleau. In 1663 he was engaged at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and the Château de Saint-Cloud, residence of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, where he would oversee works for many years. Also from 1663, Le Nôtre was engaged at the Château de Chantilly, the property of the Prince de Condé, where he worked with his brother-in-law Pierre Desgots until the 1680s. From 1664 he was rebuilding the gardens of the Tuileries, at the behest of Colbert, Louis's chief minister, who still hoped the king would remain in Paris. In 1667 Le Nôtre extended the main axis of the gardens westward, creating the avenue which would become the Champs-Élysées. Colbert commissioned Le Nôtre in 1670, to alter the gardens of his own Château de Sceaux, which was ongoing until 1683.
Abroad
Le Nôtre's most impressive design other than Versailles is the gardens of Bicton Park Botanical Gardens in Devon, England which can still be visited today. In 1662, he provided designs for Greenwich Park in London, for Charles II of England. In 1670 Le Nôtre conceived a project for the Castle of Racconigi in Italy, and between 1674 and 1698 he remodelled the gardens of the Palace of Venaria, and the Royal Palace of Turin. In 1679, he visited Italy.
Final works
Between 1679 and 1682, he was involved in the planning of the gardens of Château de Meudon for François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, and in 1691 redid the garden of the Hôtel de Saint-Aignan in Paris.
His work has often been favorably compared and contrasted ("the antithesis") to the œuvre of Capability Brown, the English landscape architect.
List of principal gardens by Le Nôtre
17th-century engraving of the gardens of the Château de Chantilly
Plan of the Château de Braine and its gardens
Gardens of Versailles, city plan of Versailles
Gardens of Bicton Park Botanical Gardens
Gardens of Vaux-le-Vicomte
Gardens of the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Gardens of the Château de Saint-Cloud (the château no longer stands but the gardens still exist)
Gardens of the Palais des Tuileries
Gardens of the Château de Sceaux
Gardens of the Château de Fontainebleau
Gardens of the Château de Chantilly
Gardens of the Château de Bercy (demolished), Charenton-le-Pont
Gardens of the Château de Braine (demolished, Braine, Aisne)
Gardens of the Château de Chambonas
Gardens of the Château d'Issy (demolished)
Gardens of the Château de Chenailles
In popular culture
André Le Nôtre was played by Matthias Schoenaerts in the 2014 film A Little Chaos.
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin (recitation: Eduard Doduel) and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he is completely away from the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he traveled to Central Greece with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) he created was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, consisting of a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for his age. For the first time in his work, we witness the real discovery of a "place": While the phenomenon of walking becomes a form of discovering and recognizing (reading) the view, on the other hand, information based on monuments, history, contemporary people and documents all join together in this phenomenon.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and offers rich data in archeology and topography, constitutes a valuable treasure of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (before 1821). Dodwell sets off from Venice by taking an intelligent and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy in late April 1801, as an interpreter. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Lefkada (Santa Mavra). Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrived in Zakinthos (Zante) from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago.
After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's trip to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, he writes in an easy-to-understand manner both about the architectural order of the city ("The houses of the Greeks are lime and the houses of the Turks are painted in red") and its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (blessed water source / fountain). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Patra ' Noting that many black slaves were found in Dodwell, Dodwell also made efforts to obtain some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. On the Dodwell route, it documents scientifically its own knowledge as well as the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso and stops in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through the villages of Arahova and Distomo and takes him to the ancient site of the Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there he continues to other Viotia (Boeotia) villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Passing through the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the relief of the Acropolis relief (relief) marbles.
Dodwell will stay here until September and visit almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and the Egina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he writes about the folk dances, music and games of the Greeks, even about baths, even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come and are highly affected by the high level of living, cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Viotia (Boeotia) and stops by Chalkida and Marathon.
He stays in Athens all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mikene and Atreus, The ruins of Tiryns and Nauplion, Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are the places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia.
In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavrita, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
Dodwell (who has drafted about 400 places and monuments) has been aiming to combine the scientific look with art by adding the engravings to them after using the camera obscura technique and documenting the archaeological ruins he has visited recently. The four volumes of his work, published after Dodwell, are a basic handbook for all travelers traveling around Greece and are still considered a very useful resource for archaeological research today.
The work was published 2 years after Dodwell's death in 1834. Publishers received the material to create the book and detailed instructions about the publication from Dodwell himself. Paintings with stone prints and based on Dodwell's own drawings show magnificent relic images from Greece and Italy. These include, in particular, wall forms, acropolis (city hills or endpoints), fortifications, and domed tombs. Engravings showing monuments in Greece are accompanied by descriptive and explanatory texts; the same is not true for monuments in Italy, however, because Dodwell was unable to write his explanations about them. Publishers have not been able to fill this gap. The embroidery of the paintings on stone was made by the well-known engraver C. Hullmandel.
Despite the misrepresentation of naming and identification in some of the architectural remains, Dodwell's work remains a pioneer in terms of both its subject and less-known archaeological sites. The aim of the author was to add this book to his two volume volume "Classical and Topographical Tour in Greece", published in 1819.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he stayed away from the need to acquire a profession, and he devoted himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian Islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he travels to Rumeli with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection he created (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
As a productive writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, which includes his sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for the era. For the first time in his work, we can recognize the true discovery of a "place": walking; It becomes a form of discovery and recognition (reading) of the view, which includes monuments, history, contemporary people and proven information.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and has rich data in archeology and topography material, creates an infinite wealth of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks in the period before the rebellion (before 1821). In late April 1801, Dodwell took a smart and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he met in Italy, as an interpreter and set off from Venice. In one month, he crossed the Adriatic sea and arrived in Corfu under Russian-ottoman occupation with his companions. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Santa Mavra. Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to the regions of Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrives in Zante from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago. After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's visit to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, the city's architectural arrangement is easily understandable (noting that "the houses of Greeks are lime and the houses of Turks are painted in red"), writes about its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies.
Dodwell chooses to go to Athens in another way due to an epidemic in Peloponnese and passes through Inebahti, Galaksidi (watches carnival shows here) and passes through Amfisa (here is a guest at a Kefalonian doctor's house and visits the voivodeship), makes his way up to Parnasos mountain, stops in Hriso village and stay in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and very few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through Arahova and Distomo and takes it to the ancient site of Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there it continues to other Boeotia villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Crossing the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, Lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the Acropolis was removing the relief marbles. Dodwell stayed here until September and almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and Aegina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he also writes about the dances, music and games of the Greeks, as well as about baths and even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come to the superior level of life here, highly influenced by cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Boeotia and stopping at Chalkida and Marathon. He stays here all summer. In December of 1805, we find him visiting the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, the acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mycenae and Atreus, Tiryns and Nauplion, The ruins of the Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (stop by Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
In the appendix of the publication: place names and different spelling forms, catalog of Kefalonia and Zante islands, Livadia, Amfisa, Lamia, Thebai cities and their major settlements, Corfu, Delfi, Fokis, Thespiae There are inscriptions from the islands of Piraeus, Tinos and Lezbos, musical instruments used in Attica, and the price catalog of products in Athens, as well as a catalog of fruits and vegetables on sale as long as they stay there.
After documenting and archiving the archaeological remains that he visited, using the camera obscura technique, Dodwell aimed to combine art with the scientific view. In his published three volumes of his work, which is a basic resource for all travelers who traveled to Greece after him, and which is still a very useful work in archaeological research, there are nearly 400 pictures of landscape and historical monuments drawn by Dodwell. Recently, dozens more patterns have appeared that have not been known to date.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he stayed away from the need to acquire a profession, and he devoted himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian Islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he travels to Rumeli with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection he created (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
As a productive writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, which includes his sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for the era. For the first time in his work, we can recognize the true discovery of a "place": walking; It becomes a form of discovery and recognition (reading) of the view, which includes monuments, history, contemporary people and proven information.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and has rich data in archeology and topography material, creates an infinite wealth of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks in the period before the rebellion (before 1821). In late April 1801, Dodwell took a smart and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he met in Italy, as an interpreter and set off from Venice. In one month, he crossed the Adriatic sea and arrived in Corfu under Russian-ottoman occupation with his companions. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Santa Mavra. Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to the regions of Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrives in Zante from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago. After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's visit to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, the city's architectural arrangement is easily understandable (noting that "the houses of Greeks are lime and the houses of Turks are painted in red"), writes about its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies.
Dodwell chooses to go to Athens in another way due to an epidemic in Peloponnese and passes through Inebahti, Galaksidi (watches carnival shows here) and passes through Amfisa (here is a guest at a Kefalonian doctor's house and visits the voivodeship), makes his way up to Parnasos mountain, stops in Hriso village and stay in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and very few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through Arahova and Distomo and takes it to the ancient site of Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there it continues to other Boeotia villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Crossing the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, Lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the Acropolis was removing the relief marbles. Dodwell stayed here until September and almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and Aegina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he also writes about the dances, music and games of the Greeks, as well as about baths and even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come to the superior level of life here, highly influenced by cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Boeotia and stopping at Chalkida and Marathon. He stays here all summer. In December of 1805, we find him visiting the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, the acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mycenae and Atreus, Tiryns and Nauplion, The ruins of the Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (stop by Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
In the appendix of the publication: place names and different spelling forms, catalog of Kefalonia and Zante islands, Livadia, Amfisa, Lamia, Thebai cities and their major settlements, Corfu, Delfi, Fokis, Thespiae There are inscriptions from the islands of Piraeus, Tinos and Lezbos, musical instruments used in Attica, and the price catalog of products in Athens, as well as a catalog of fruits and vegetables on sale as long as they stay there.
After documenting and archiving the archaeological remains that he visited, using the camera obscura technique, Dodwell aimed to combine art with the scientific view. In his published three volumes of his work, which is a basic resource for all travelers who traveled to Greece after him, and which is still a very useful work in archaeological research, there are nearly 400 pictures of landscape and historical monuments drawn by Dodwell. Recently, dozens more patterns have appeared that have not been known to date.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Along with theoretical knowledge, villagers also try out various cooking methods that avoid loss of nutrients.
The nutrition situation was so dire last year that ECHO, through its partner WFP, had to provide pregnant and lactating mothers, as well as children less than five years of age with six kilogram of nutrient-enhanced flour every month.
Photo credit: FAO
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he stayed away from the need to acquire a profession, and he devoted himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian Islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he travels to Rumeli with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection he created (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
As a productive writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, which includes his sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for the era. For the first time in his work, we can recognize the true discovery of a "place": walking; It becomes a form of discovery and recognition (reading) of the view, which includes monuments, history, contemporary people and proven information.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and has rich data in archeology and topography material, creates an infinite wealth of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks in the period before the rebellion (before 1821). In late April 1801, Dodwell took a smart and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he met in Italy, as an interpreter and set off from Venice. In one month, he crossed the Adriatic sea and arrived in Corfu under Russian-ottoman occupation with his companions. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Santa Mavra. Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to the regions of Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrives in Zante from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago. After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's visit to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, the city's architectural arrangement is easily understandable (noting that "the houses of Greeks are lime and the houses of Turks are painted in red"), writes about its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies.
Dodwell chooses to go to Athens in another way due to an epidemic in Peloponnese and passes through Inebahti, Galaksidi (watches carnival shows here) and passes through Amfisa (here is a guest at a Kefalonian doctor's house and visits the voivodeship), makes his way up to Parnasos mountain, stops in Hriso village and stay in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and very few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through Arahova and Distomo and takes it to the ancient site of Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there it continues to other Boeotia villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Crossing the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, Lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the Acropolis was removing the relief marbles. Dodwell stayed here until September and almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and Aegina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he also writes about the dances, music and games of the Greeks, as well as about baths and even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come to the superior level of life here, highly influenced by cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Boeotia and stopping at Chalkida and Marathon. He stays here all summer. In December of 1805, we find him visiting the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, the acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mycenae and Atreus, Tiryns and Nauplion, The ruins of the Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (stop by Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
In the appendix of the publication: place names and different spelling forms, catalog of Kefalonia and Zante islands, Livadia, Amfisa, Lamia, Thebai cities and their major settlements, Corfu, Delfi, Fokis, Thespiae There are inscriptions from the islands of Piraeus, Tinos and Lezbos, musical instruments used in Attica, and the price catalog of products in Athens, as well as a catalog of fruits and vegetables on sale as long as they stay there.
After documenting and archiving the archaeological remains that he visited, using the camera obscura technique, Dodwell aimed to combine art with the scientific view. In his published three volumes of his work, which is a basic resource for all travelers who traveled to Greece after him, and which is still a very useful work in archaeological research, there are nearly 400 pictures of landscape and historical monuments drawn by Dodwell. Recently, dozens more patterns have appeared that have not been known to date.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he stayed away from the need to acquire a profession, and he devoted himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian Islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he travels to Rumeli with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection he created (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
As a productive writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, which includes his sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for the era. For the first time in his work, we can recognize the true discovery of a "place": walking; It becomes a form of discovery and recognition (reading) of the view, which includes monuments, history, contemporary people and proven information.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and has rich data in archeology and topography material, creates an infinite wealth of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks in the period before the rebellion (before 1821). In late April 1801, Dodwell took a smart and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he met in Italy, as an interpreter and set off from Venice. In one month, he crossed the Adriatic sea and arrived in Corfu under Russian-ottoman occupation with his companions. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Santa Mavra. Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to the regions of Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrives in Zante from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago. After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's visit to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, the city's architectural arrangement is easily understandable (noting that "the houses of Greeks are lime and the houses of Turks are painted in red"), writes about its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies.
Dodwell chooses to go to Athens in another way due to an epidemic in Peloponnese and passes through Inebahti, Galaksidi (watches carnival shows here) and passes through Amfisa (here is a guest at a Kefalonian doctor's house and visits the voivodeship), makes his way up to Parnasos mountain, stops in Hriso village and stay in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and very few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through Arahova and Distomo and takes it to the ancient site of Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there it continues to other Boeotia villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Crossing the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, Lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the Acropolis was removing the relief marbles. Dodwell stayed here until September and almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and Aegina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he also writes about the dances, music and games of the Greeks, as well as about baths and even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come to the superior level of life here, highly influenced by cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Boeotia and stopping at Chalkida and Marathon. He stays here all summer. In December of 1805, we find him visiting the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, the acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mycenae and Atreus, Tiryns and Nauplion, The ruins of the Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (stop by Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
In the appendix of the publication: place names and different spelling forms, catalog of Kefalonia and Zante islands, Livadia, Amfisa, Lamia, Thebai cities and their major settlements, Corfu, Delfi, Fokis, Thespiae There are inscriptions from the islands of Piraeus, Tinos and Lezbos, musical instruments used in Attica, and the price catalog of products in Athens, as well as a catalog of fruits and vegetables on sale as long as they stay there.
After documenting and archiving the archaeological remains that he visited, using the camera obscura technique, Dodwell aimed to combine art with the scientific view. In his published three volumes of his work, which is a basic resource for all travelers who traveled to Greece after him, and which is still a very useful work in archaeological research, there are nearly 400 pictures of landscape and historical monuments drawn by Dodwell. Recently, dozens more patterns have appeared that have not been known to date.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he avoids the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian Islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he travels to Rumeli with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He falls ill while doing expeditions in the mountains of Italy. His large collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras), which he created from archaeological artifacts, was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and also a visual artist, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent consisting of an archaeologist, a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artist sensitivity in his works that are unique to the period. For the first time in his work, we have the opportunity to recognize the true discovery of a "space": The march combines information based on the monument, history, contemporary people and bibliographies as a means of discovery and recognition.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and has rich data in archeology and topography material, creates an infinite wealth of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (1821).
In late April 1801, Dodwell took a smart and read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy, as an interpreter and set off from Venice. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Leukada (Santa Mavra). In his book, Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here, he goes to Preveza and visits the archaeological site in Nikopolis, continues to the island of Ithaka, writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally Kefalonia '
In 1805 Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrives in Zante from the port of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. He writes about the persecution of Tepedelenli Ali Pasha to the local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago. After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's visit to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, the city's architectural layout is easily understandable (noting that "the houses of Greeks are lime and the houses of Turks are painted in red"), writes about its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (holy water source). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso stops in his village and stays in Kastri, touring the fountain of Kastalya and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi at that time. The road passes through Arahova and Distomo and takes it to the ancient site of Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there it continues to other Boeotia villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Crossing the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, Lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the Acropolis was removing the relief marbles. Dodwell will stay here until September Attica Almost all of them (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and Aegina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he also writes about the dances, music and games of the Greeks, baths and even insects and birds.
After Athens, he passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come to the superior level of life here, highly influenced by cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Boeotia and stopping at Chalkida and Marathon. He stays here all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mykene and Atreus, Tiryns and Nauplion, The ruins of the Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806, depicting all villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. After passing, he stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806, depicting all the villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. After passing, he stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all the villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (stop by Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
After documenting and archiving the archaeological remains that he visited, using the camera obscura technique, Dodwell aimed to combine art with the scientific view. In his published three volumes of his work, which is a basic resource for all travelers who traveled to Greece after him and which is still a very useful work in archaeological research, there are nearly 400 pictures of landscape and historical monuments drawn by Dodwell. Recently, dozens more patterns have appeared that have not been known to date.
The book in question contains colored stone print (aquatinta / painted water) paintings based on Dodwell's own drawings. Each picture is followed by Dodwell's explanatory notes in English and French. In the introduction, it is mentioned that 60 of them were chosen to be published from nearly 1000 sketches, and these were drawn and colored and printed with a special drawing style, but the number of copies printed for financial reasons was low. These drawings are supplements to the Dodwell "Seyahatname" and require the text to be read along with the picture to identify the people and events in the picture. The desire to convey what the artist depicted by staying true to the truth, as well as the effort to record pleasant details from everyday life, is evident in the displayed images.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
"Before the 1700s the practice of obstetrics had been in the hands of midwives, but in the 18th century there was a big effort to set the scientific grounds for the practice and turn it into a medical specialization.
In the course of the century, the art of childbirth became a subject worthy of being taught to surgeons and midwives. Giovanni Antonio Galli (1708-1782), a Professor in the School of Surgery of the University of Bologna, set up a School of Obstetrics at the Palazzo Poggi. There, the science of birthing was taught both to physician and to midwives according to a method devised by Galli himself. It included the use of three-dimensional wax tablets and clay models of the uterus as well as instruments such as the so-called "birthing machines" which simulated the real situations of gestation and childbirth.
With his teaching Giovanni Antonio Galli set forth an original educational methodology by which scientific knowledge and professionalism were achieved by the acquisition of both theoretical knowledge and practice. Together with the valuable equipment specifically developed for the teaching, it became a rare example for those years of a School of Obstetrics within a medical and surgical school."
Quoted from: www.museopalazzopoggi.unibo.it/65/dettaglio_collezione/th...
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he avoids the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian Islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he travels to Rumeli with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He falls ill while doing expeditions in the mountains of Italy. His large collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras), which he created from archaeological artifacts, was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and also a visual artist, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent consisting of an archaeologist, a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artist sensitivity in his works that are unique to the period. For the first time in his work, we have the opportunity to recognize the true discovery of a "space": The march combines information based on the monument, history, contemporary people and bibliographies as a means of discovery and recognition.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and has rich data in archeology and topography material, creates an infinite wealth of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (1821).
In late April 1801, Dodwell took a smart and read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy, as an interpreter and set off from Venice. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Leukada (Santa Mavra). In his book, Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here, he goes to Preveza and visits the archaeological site in Nikopolis, continues to the island of Ithaka, writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally Kefalonia '
In 1805 Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrives in Zante from the port of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. He writes about the persecution of Tepedelenli Ali Pasha to the local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago. After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's visit to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, the city's architectural layout is easily understandable (noting that "the houses of Greeks are lime and the houses of Turks are painted in red"), writes about its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (holy water source). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso stops in his village and stays in Kastri, touring the fountain of Kastalya and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi at that time. The road passes through Arahova and Distomo and takes it to the ancient site of Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there it continues to other Boeotia villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Crossing the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, Lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the Acropolis was removing the relief marbles. Dodwell will stay here until September Attica Almost all of them (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and Aegina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he also writes about the dances, music and games of the Greeks, baths and even insects and birds.
After Athens, he passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come to the superior level of life here, highly influenced by cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Boeotia and stopping at Chalkida and Marathon. He stays here all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mykene and Atreus, Tiryns and Nauplion, The ruins of the Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806, depicting all villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. After passing, he stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806, depicting all the villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. After passing, he stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all the villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (stop by Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
After documenting and archiving the archaeological remains that he visited, using the camera obscura technique, Dodwell aimed to combine art with the scientific view. In his published three volumes of his work, which is a basic resource for all travelers who traveled to Greece after him and which is still a very useful work in archaeological research, there are nearly 400 pictures of landscape and historical monuments drawn by Dodwell. Recently, dozens more patterns have appeared that have not been known to date.
The book in question contains colored stone print (aquatinta / painted water) paintings based on Dodwell's own drawings. Each picture is followed by Dodwell's explanatory notes in English and French. In the introduction, it is mentioned that 60 of them were chosen to be published from nearly 1000 sketches, and these were drawn and colored and printed with a special drawing style, but the number of copies printed for financial reasons was low. These drawings are supplements to the Dodwell "Seyahatname" and require the text to be read along with the picture to identify the people and events in the picture. The desire to convey what the artist depicted by staying true to the truth, as well as the effort to record pleasant details from everyday life, is evident in the displayed images.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin (recitation: Eduard Doduel) and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he is completely away from the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he traveled to Central Greece with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) he created was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, consisting of a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for his age. For the first time in his work, we witness the real discovery of a "place": While the phenomenon of walking becomes a form of discovering and recognizing (reading) the view, on the other hand, information based on monuments, history, contemporary people and documents all join together in this phenomenon.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and offers rich data in archeology and topography, constitutes a valuable treasure of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (before 1821). Dodwell sets off from Venice by taking an intelligent and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy in late April 1801, as an interpreter. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Lefkada (Santa Mavra). Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrived in Zakinthos (Zante) from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago.
After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's trip to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, he writes in an easy-to-understand manner both about the architectural order of the city ("The houses of the Greeks are lime and the houses of the Turks are painted in red") and its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (blessed water source / fountain). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Patra ' Noting that many black slaves were found in Dodwell, Dodwell also made efforts to obtain some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. On the Dodwell route, it documents scientifically its own knowledge as well as the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso and stops in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through the villages of Arahova and Distomo and takes him to the ancient site of the Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there he continues to other Viotia (Boeotia) villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Passing through the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the relief of the Acropolis relief (relief) marbles.
Dodwell will stay here until September and visit almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and the Egina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he writes about the folk dances, music and games of the Greeks, even about baths, even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come and are highly affected by the high level of living, cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Viotia (Boeotia) and stops by Chalkida and Marathon.
He stays in Athens all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mikene and Atreus, The ruins of Tiryns and Nauplion, Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are the places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia.
In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavrita, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
Dodwell (who has drafted about 400 places and monuments) has been aiming to combine the scientific look with art by adding the engravings to them after using the camera obscura technique and documenting the archaeological ruins he has visited recently. The four volumes of his work, published after Dodwell, are a basic handbook for all travelers traveling around Greece and are still considered a very useful resource for archaeological research today.
The work was published 2 years after Dodwell's death in 1834. Publishers received the material to create the book and detailed instructions about the publication from Dodwell himself. Paintings with stone prints and based on Dodwell's own drawings show magnificent relic images from Greece and Italy. These include, in particular, wall forms, acropolis (city hills or endpoints), fortifications, and domed tombs. Engravings showing monuments in Greece are accompanied by descriptive and explanatory texts; the same is not true for monuments in Italy, however, because Dodwell was unable to write his explanations about them. Publishers have not been able to fill this gap. The embroidery of the paintings on stone was made by the well-known engraver C. Hullmandel.
Despite the misrepresentation of naming and identification in some of the architectural remains, Dodwell's work remains a pioneer in terms of both its subject and less-known archaeological sites. The aim of the author was to add this book to his two volume volume "Classical and Topographical Tour in Greece", published in 1819.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin (recitation: Eduard Doduel) and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he is completely away from the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he traveled to Central Greece with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) he created was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, consisting of a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for his age. For the first time in his work, we witness the real discovery of a "place": While the phenomenon of walking becomes a form of discovering and recognizing (reading) the view, on the other hand, information based on monuments, history, contemporary people and documents all join together in this phenomenon.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and offers rich data in archeology and topography, constitutes a valuable treasure of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (before 1821). Dodwell sets off from Venice by taking an intelligent and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy in late April 1801, as an interpreter. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Lefkada (Santa Mavra). Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrived in Zakinthos (Zante) from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago.
After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's trip to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, he writes in an easy-to-understand manner both about the architectural order of the city ("The houses of the Greeks are lime and the houses of the Turks are painted in red") and its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (blessed water source / fountain). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Patra ' Noting that many black slaves were found in Dodwell, Dodwell also made efforts to obtain some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. On the Dodwell route, it documents scientifically its own knowledge as well as the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso and stops in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through the villages of Arahova and Distomo and takes him to the ancient site of the Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there he continues to other Viotia (Boeotia) villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Passing through the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the relief of the Acropolis relief (relief) marbles.
Dodwell will stay here until September and visit almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and the Egina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he writes about the folk dances, music and games of the Greeks, even about baths, even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come and are highly affected by the high level of living, cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Viotia (Boeotia) and stops by Chalkida and Marathon.
He stays in Athens all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mikene and Atreus, The ruins of Tiryns and Nauplion, Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are the places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia.
In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavrita, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
Dodwell (who has drafted about 400 places and monuments) has been aiming to combine the scientific look with art by adding the engravings to them after using the camera obscura technique and documenting the archaeological ruins he has visited recently. The four volumes of his work, published after Dodwell, are a basic handbook for all travelers traveling around Greece and are still considered a very useful resource for archaeological research today.
The work was published 2 years after Dodwell's death in 1834. Publishers received the material to create the book and detailed instructions about the publication from Dodwell himself. Paintings with stone prints and based on Dodwell's own drawings show magnificent relic images from Greece and Italy. These include, in particular, wall forms, acropolis (city hills or endpoints), fortifications, and domed tombs. Engravings showing monuments in Greece are accompanied by descriptive and explanatory texts; the same is not true for monuments in Italy, however, because Dodwell was unable to write his explanations about them. Publishers have not been able to fill this gap. The embroidery of the paintings on stone was made by the well-known engraver C. Hullmandel.
Despite the misrepresentation of naming and identification in some of the architectural remains, Dodwell's work remains a pioneer in terms of both its subject and less-known archaeological sites. The aim of the author was to add this book to his two volume volume "Classical and Topographical Tour in Greece", published in 1819.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin (recitation: Eduard Doduel) and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he is completely away from the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he traveled to Central Greece with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) he created was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, consisting of a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for his age. For the first time in his work, we witness the real discovery of a "place": While the phenomenon of walking becomes a form of discovering and recognizing (reading) the view, on the other hand, information based on monuments, history, contemporary people and documents all join together in this phenomenon.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and offers rich data in archeology and topography, constitutes a valuable treasure of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (before 1821). Dodwell sets off from Venice by taking an intelligent and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy in late April 1801, as an interpreter. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Lefkada (Santa Mavra). Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrived in Zakinthos (Zante) from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago.
After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's trip to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, he writes in an easy-to-understand manner both about the architectural order of the city ("The houses of the Greeks are lime and the houses of the Turks are painted in red") and its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (blessed water source / fountain). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Patra ' Noting that many black slaves were found in Dodwell, Dodwell also made efforts to obtain some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. On the Dodwell route, it documents scientifically its own knowledge as well as the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso and stops in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through the villages of Arahova and Distomo and takes him to the ancient site of the Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there he continues to other Viotia (Boeotia) villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Passing through the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the relief of the Acropolis relief (relief) marbles.
Dodwell will stay here until September and visit almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and the Egina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he writes about the folk dances, music and games of the Greeks, even about baths, even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come and are highly affected by the high level of living, cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Viotia (Boeotia) and stops by Chalkida and Marathon.
He stays in Athens all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mikene and Atreus, The ruins of Tiryns and Nauplion, Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are the places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia.
In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavrita, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
Dodwell (who has drafted about 400 places and monuments) has been aiming to combine the scientific look with art by adding the engravings to them after using the camera obscura technique and documenting the archaeological ruins he has visited recently. The four volumes of his work, published after Dodwell, are a basic handbook for all travelers traveling around Greece and are still considered a very useful resource for archaeological research today.
The work was published 2 years after Dodwell's death in 1834. Publishers received the material to create the book and detailed instructions about the publication from Dodwell himself. Paintings with stone prints and based on Dodwell's own drawings show magnificent relic images from Greece and Italy. These include, in particular, wall forms, acropolis (city hills or endpoints), fortifications, and domed tombs. Engravings showing monuments in Greece are accompanied by descriptive and explanatory texts; the same is not true for monuments in Italy, however, because Dodwell was unable to write his explanations about them. Publishers have not been able to fill this gap. The embroidery of the paintings on stone was made by the well-known engraver C. Hullmandel.
Despite the misrepresentation of naming and identification in some of the architectural remains, Dodwell's work remains a pioneer in terms of both its subject and less-known archaeological sites. The aim of the author was to add this book to his two volume volume "Classical and Topographical Tour in Greece", published in 1819.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he avoids the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian Islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he travels to Rumeli with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He falls ill while doing expeditions in the mountains of Italy. His large collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras), which he created from archaeological artifacts, was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and also a visual artist, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent consisting of an archaeologist, a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artist sensitivity in his works that are unique to the period. For the first time in his work, we have the opportunity to recognize the true discovery of a "space": The march combines information based on the monument, history, contemporary people and bibliographies as a means of discovery and recognition.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and has rich data in archeology and topography material, creates an infinite wealth of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (1821).
In late April 1801, Dodwell took a smart and read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy, as an interpreter and set off from Venice. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Leukada (Santa Mavra). In his book, Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here, he goes to Preveza and visits the archaeological site in Nikopolis, continues to the island of Ithaka, writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally Kefalonia '
In 1805 Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrives in Zante from the port of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. He writes about the persecution of Tepedelenli Ali Pasha to the local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago. After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's visit to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, the city's architectural layout is easily understandable (noting that "the houses of Greeks are lime and the houses of Turks are painted in red"), writes about its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (holy water source). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso stops in his village and stays in Kastri, touring the fountain of Kastalya and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi at that time. The road passes through Arahova and Distomo and takes it to the ancient site of Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there it continues to other Boeotia villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Crossing the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, Lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the Acropolis was removing the relief marbles. Dodwell will stay here until September Attica Almost all of them (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and Aegina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he also writes about the dances, music and games of the Greeks, baths and even insects and birds.
After Athens, he passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come to the superior level of life here, highly influenced by cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Boeotia and stopping at Chalkida and Marathon. He stays here all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mykene and Atreus, Tiryns and Nauplion, The ruins of the Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806, depicting all villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. After passing, he stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806, depicting all the villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. After passing, he stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all the villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (stop by Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
After documenting and archiving the archaeological remains that he visited, using the camera obscura technique, Dodwell aimed to combine art with the scientific view. In his published three volumes of his work, which is a basic resource for all travelers who traveled to Greece after him and which is still a very useful work in archaeological research, there are nearly 400 pictures of landscape and historical monuments drawn by Dodwell. Recently, dozens more patterns have appeared that have not been known to date.
The book in question contains colored stone print (aquatinta / painted water) paintings based on Dodwell's own drawings. Each picture is followed by Dodwell's explanatory notes in English and French. In the introduction, it is mentioned that 60 of them were chosen to be published from nearly 1000 sketches, and these were drawn and colored and printed with a special drawing style, but the number of copies printed for financial reasons was low. These drawings are supplements to the Dodwell "Seyahatname" and require the text to be read along with the picture to identify the people and events in the picture. The desire to convey what the artist depicted by staying true to the truth, as well as the effort to record pleasant details from everyday life, is evident in the displayed images.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he avoids the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian Islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he travels to Rumeli with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He falls ill while doing expeditions in the mountains of Italy. His large collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras), which he created from archaeological artifacts, was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and also a visual artist, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent consisting of an archaeologist, a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artist sensitivity in his works that are unique to the period. For the first time in his work, we have the opportunity to recognize the true discovery of a "space": The march combines information based on the monument, history, contemporary people and bibliographies as a means of discovery and recognition.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and has rich data in archeology and topography material, creates an infinite wealth of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (1821).
In late April 1801, Dodwell took a smart and read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy, as an interpreter and set off from Venice. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Leukada (Santa Mavra). In his book, Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here, he goes to Preveza and visits the archaeological site in Nikopolis, continues to the island of Ithaka, writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally Kefalonia '
In 1805 Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrives in Zante from the port of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. He writes about the persecution of Tepedelenli Ali Pasha to the local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago. After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's visit to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, the city's architectural layout is easily understandable (noting that "the houses of Greeks are lime and the houses of Turks are painted in red"), writes about its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (holy water source). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. He especially revives the city's historical memory while writing about Patra. In his travel statement, he documents his own knowledge scientifically with the ancient sources he used while displaying the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso stops in his village and stays in Kastri, touring the fountain of Kastalya and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi at that time. The road passes through Arahova and Distomo and takes it to the ancient site of Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there it continues to other Boeotia villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Crossing the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, Lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the Acropolis was removing the relief marbles. Dodwell will stay here until September Attica Almost all of them (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and Aegina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he also writes about the dances, music and games of the Greeks, baths and even insects and birds.
After Athens, he passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come to the superior level of life here, highly influenced by cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Boeotia and stopping at Chalkida and Marathon. He stays here all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mykene and Atreus, Tiryns and Nauplion, The ruins of the Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806, depicting all villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. After passing, he stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806, depicting all the villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. After passing, he stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all the villages of Achaia and Ileia (Elis). In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (stop by Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
After documenting and archiving the archaeological remains that he visited, using the camera obscura technique, Dodwell aimed to combine art with the scientific view. In his published three volumes of his work, which is a basic resource for all travelers who traveled to Greece after him and which is still a very useful work in archaeological research, there are nearly 400 pictures of landscape and historical monuments drawn by Dodwell. Recently, dozens more patterns have appeared that have not been known to date.
The book in question contains colored stone print (aquatinta / painted water) paintings based on Dodwell's own drawings. Each picture is followed by Dodwell's explanatory notes in English and French. In the introduction, it is mentioned that 60 of them were chosen to be published from nearly 1000 sketches, and these were drawn and colored and printed with a special drawing style, but the number of copies printed for financial reasons was low. These drawings are supplements to the Dodwell "Seyahatname" and require the text to be read along with the picture to identify the people and events in the picture. The desire to convey what the artist depicted by staying true to the truth, as well as the effort to record pleasant details from everyday life, is evident in the displayed images.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
The Château de Châteauneuf-sur-Loire is a French castle, built in the 17th and 18th centuries, located in Châteauneuf-sur-Loire in the department of Loiret in the Centre-Val de Loire region.
The Loire Navy Museum (French: Musée de la Marine de Loire) is located in the old stables of the castle.
Geography
Originally, the castle was built in the former province of Orléanais of the Kingdom of France.
The building is located in the natural region of the Loire Valley, at the corner of the Douves and Aristide-Briand squares, in the town center of the commune, near the north bank of the Loire.
History
The construction of the castle began in the 17th century. Certain parts and structures of the seigneurial residence are made using a yellow calcareous stone from the quarries of the town of Apremont-sur-Allier. The blocks of stone were then transported by waterway via the course of the Allier, then that of the Loire using flat-bottomed boats.
It was bought between 1792 and 1794 by the Orléans architect Benoît Lebrun who had a large part of the building destroyed. It retained only the rotunda, a gallery, the orangery, the outbuildings and the entrance pavilions. He died there on September 29, 1819.
The commune of Châteauneuf-sur-Loire bought the castle in 1926 and set up schools and the town hall there.
Park
The organization of the park, dating from the 17th century, first followed the influence of André Le Nôtre, gardener to the King of France in the 17th century. In 1821, the space was remodeled into an English-style park under the impetus of René Charles Huillard d'Hérou.
The park extends over twenty hectares and includes a river that connects the castle moat to the banks of the Loire.
In 1934, the General Council of Loiret became the owner of the park and managed its development.
Notable flora include the alley of arborescent rhododendrons and azaleas, giant magnolias and tulip trees. The park is home to around 30 remarkable trees, including a Japanese pagoda tree and a Virginia tulip tree registered since June 2009 in the directory of remarkable trees in France.
The reconstruction of the Temple of Love originally built in the park in the 18th century was carried out by students from the Lycée Gaudier-Brzeska in Saint-Jean-de-Braye and inaugurated on February 14, 2009.
In 2010-2011, the General Council of Loiret developed 7 hectares of the park in order to clean up the park's wetlands and connect the promenade to the Loire.
Châteauneuf-sur-Loire is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
Population
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
19684,850—
19755,528+1.89%
19825,998+1.17%
19906,558+1.12%
19997,032+0.78%
20077,801+1.31%
20127,926+0.32%
20178,126+0.50%
Twin towns
Portugal Amarante, Portugal
Germany Bad Laasphe, Germany
André Le Nôtre (French pronunciation; 12 March 1613 – 15 September 1700), originally rendered as André Le Nostre, was a French landscape architect and the principal gardener of King Louis XIV of France. He was the landscape architect who designed the gardens of the Palace of Versailles; his work represents the height of the French formal garden style, or jardin à la française.
Prior to working on Versailles, Le Nôtre collaborated with Louis Le Vau and Charles Le Brun on the park at Vaux-le-Vicomte. His other works include the design of gardens and parks at Bicton Park Botanical Gardens, Chantilly, Fontainebleau, Saint-Cloud and Saint-Germain. His contribution to planning was also significant: at the Tuileries he extended the westward vista, which later became the avenue of the Champs-Élysées and comprise the Axe historique.
Biography
Early life
André Le Nôtre was born in Paris, into a family of gardeners. Pierre Le Nôtre, who was in charge of the Tuileries Garden in 1572, may have been his grandfather. André's father Jean Le Nôtre was also responsible for sections of the Tuileries gardens, initially under Claude Mollet, and later as head gardener, during the reign of Louis XIII. André was born on 12 March 1613, and was baptised at the Église Saint-Roch. His godfather at the ceremony was an administrator of the royal gardens, and his godmother was the wife of Claude Mollet.
The family lived in a house within the Tuilieries, and André thus grew up surrounded by gardening, and quickly acquired both practical and theoretical knowledge. The location also allowed him to study in the nearby Palais du Louvre, part of which was then used as an academy of the arts. He learned mathematics, painting and architecture, and entered the atelier of Simon Vouet, painter to Louis XIII, where he met and befriended the painter Charles Le Brun. He learned classical art and perspective, and studied for several years under the architect François Mansart, a friend of Le Brun.
Career
In 1635, Le Nôtre was named the principal gardener of the king's brother Gaston, Duke of Orléans. On 26 June 1637, Le Nôtre was appointed head gardener at the Tuileries, taking over his father's position. He had primary responsibility for the areas of the garden closest to the palace, including the orangery built by Simon Bouchard. In 1643 he was appointed "draughtsman of plants and terraces" for Anne of Austria, the queen mother, and from 1645 to 1646 he worked on the modernisation of the gardens of the Palace of Fontainebleau.
He was later put in charge of all the royal gardens of France, and in 1657 he was further appointed Controller-General of the Royal Buildings. There are few direct references to Le Nôtre in the royal accounts, and Le Nôtre himself seldom wrote down his ideas or approach to gardening. He expressed himself purely through his gardens. He became a trusted advisor to Louis XIV, and in 1675 he was ennobled by the King. He and Le Brun even accompanied the court at the Siege of Cambrai (1677).
In 1640, he married Françoise Langlois. They had three children, although none survived to adulthood.
Vaux-le-Vicomte
André Le Nôtre's first major garden design was undertaken for Nicolas Fouquet, Louis XIV's Superintendent of Finances. Fouquet began work on the Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte in 1657, employing the architect Louis Le Vau, the painter Charles Le Brun, and Le Nôtre. The three designers worked in partnership, with Le Nôtre laying out a grand, symmetrical arrangement of parterres, pools and gravel walks. Le Vau and Le Nôtre exploited the changing levels across the site, so that the canal is invisible from the house, and employed forced perspective to make the grotto appear closer than it really is. The gardens were complete by 1661, when Fouquet held a grand entertainment for the king. But only three weeks later, on 10 September 1661, Fouquet was arrested for embezzling state funds, and his artists and craftsmen were taken into the king's service.
Versailles
From 1661, Le Nôtre worked for Louis XIV to build and enhance the garden and parks of the Palace of Versailles. Louis extended the existing hunting lodge, eventually making it his primary residence and seat of power. Le Nôtre also laid out the radiating city plan of Versailles, which included the largest avenue yet seen in Europe, the Avenue de Paris.
In the following century, the Versailles design influenced Pierre Charles L'Enfant's master plan for Washington, D.C. See, L'Enfant Plan.
Other gardens
France
In 1661, Le Nôtre was also working on the gardens at the Palace of Fontainebleau. In 1663 he was engaged at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and the Château de Saint-Cloud, residence of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, where he would oversee works for many years. Also from 1663, Le Nôtre was engaged at the Château de Chantilly, the property of the Prince de Condé, where he worked with his brother-in-law Pierre Desgots until the 1680s. From 1664 he was rebuilding the gardens of the Tuileries, at the behest of Colbert, Louis's chief minister, who still hoped the king would remain in Paris. In 1667 Le Nôtre extended the main axis of the gardens westward, creating the avenue which would become the Champs-Élysées. Colbert commissioned Le Nôtre in 1670, to alter the gardens of his own Château de Sceaux, which was ongoing until 1683.
Abroad
Le Nôtre's most impressive design other than Versailles is the gardens of Bicton Park Botanical Gardens in Devon, England which can still be visited today. In 1662, he provided designs for Greenwich Park in London, for Charles II of England. In 1670 Le Nôtre conceived a project for the Castle of Racconigi in Italy, and between 1674 and 1698 he remodelled the gardens of the Palace of Venaria, and the Royal Palace of Turin. In 1679, he visited Italy.
Final works
Between 1679 and 1682, he was involved in the planning of the gardens of Château de Meudon for François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, and in 1691 redid the garden of the Hôtel de Saint-Aignan in Paris.
His work has often been favorably compared and contrasted ("the antithesis") to the œuvre of Capability Brown, the English landscape architect.
List of principal gardens by Le Nôtre
17th-century engraving of the gardens of the Château de Chantilly
Plan of the Château de Braine and its gardens
Gardens of Versailles, city plan of Versailles
Gardens of Bicton Park Botanical Gardens
Gardens of Vaux-le-Vicomte
Gardens of the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Gardens of the Château de Saint-Cloud (the château no longer stands but the gardens still exist)
Gardens of the Palais des Tuileries
Gardens of the Château de Sceaux
Gardens of the Château de Fontainebleau
Gardens of the Château de Chantilly
Gardens of the Château de Bercy (demolished), Charenton-le-Pont
Gardens of the Château de Braine (demolished, Braine, Aisne)
Gardens of the Château de Chambonas
Gardens of the Château d'Issy (demolished)
Gardens of the Château de Chenailles
In popular culture
André Le Nôtre was played by Matthias Schoenaerts in the 2014 film A Little Chaos.
Fangruida -- Modern Science and Technology Engineering and Comprehensive High-end Technology R&D, Design and Manufacturing (Introduction to Modern Science and Engineering Technology Research)
2013v2.3 2021v.2.5 Online global version, mobile version (Bick compiled in November 2021. Colombia)
♣♣♣♣Moon Comprehensive Deep Development♥♥♣Ocean City, Marine Architecture, ♣♣Desert City, ♥♥♥ Mountain City, ♦♦♦Life Genetic Engineering, ♦♦♦♦Green Plant Nutrition Engineering●●●●●●● Smart Engineering; ♦♦♦♦♦♦ Nuclear Engineering - Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy
●●●●●●Advanced Manufacturing●●●●●●●
--New World Intelligence Revolution, New Industrial Revolution, New Planetary Revolution, New Moon Revolution, New Cosmic Revolution
**************************************************** ****************************************
Architecture Bridge design, large-scale circuit design (chip development, etc.), mechanical and electrical product design and manufacturing, pharmaceutical product development and design, genetic engineering, aerospace technology design and manufacturing, atomic energy development and utilization, agricultural engineering, computer-aided design and manufacturing,
New material research and development design, military
Engineering design and manufacturing, industrial robots, aircraft and ships, missiles, spacecraft, spaceships, rockets, submarines, super-speed missiles, etc. are very important, and the foresight is highly integrated. the key. These science and technology are the powerful driving force of historical development, and also the key to whether each country can reach the peak of the world.
The rapid development of modern science, all kinds of soft design emerge in an endless stream. Mathematical software, civil software, mechanical software, electrical and electronic software, chemical software, aircraft software, ship software, missile software, spacecraft software, rocket software, material software, bionic simulation software, medical software, chemical software, etc. Their appearance and wide application are of great significance to industrial modernization and intelligence, which greatly improves artificial intelligence and greatly promotes the rapid development of human society. Marine engineering, overall lunar development engineering, intelligent highly integrated engineering, high-speed heavy-duty fire
Arrow transportation engineering, submarine tunnel engineering, reservoir dam engineering, agricultural engineering, biomedical engineering and so on. Lunar overall engineering development planning, Mars engineering development and design, desert engineering (desert city), alpine city, marine engineering (ocean city) life genetic engineering, green plant nutrition engineering, VLSI design and manufacturing, Daxing civil engineering hydraulic engineering, road and bridge , tunnels, super tall buildings, all of them.
The modern scientific revolution is guided by the revolution in physics, with the emergence of modern cosmology, molecular biology, systems science, and soft science as its important content, and is characterized by the interpenetration of natural science, social science and thinking science to form interdisciplinary subjects. scientific revolution.
In the past 30 years, emerging technologies such as computers, energy, new materials, space, and biology have emerged successively, causing the third scientific and technological revolution. The third technological revolution far exceeds the previous two in terms of scale, depth and impact.
Basic Features:
1. Greatly promoted the development of social productive forces—changes in the means to improve labor productivity;
2. Promoting changes in the social and economic structure and social life structure - the proportion of the tertiary industry has increased. Changes in people's daily life such as food, clothing, housing and transportation;
3. It has promoted the adjustment of the international economic structure - localities are more closely connected.
4. Planetary revolution, lunar revolution. Lunar engineering Lunar industrial intelligent city Lunar-Earth round-trip communication system
We should develop the moon fast, it's a real cornering overtake. The physical presence of the moon will be of great strategic importance for thousands of years to come. There are many resources on a first-come, first-served basis, orbits, best lunar locations, electromagnetic wave bands, etc.
Make full use of the local resources and environment of the moon to quickly build a city. Minimize the amount of supplies and equipment that needs to be launched to the Moon.
5. Ocean City, Ocean Building, ♣♣ Desert City, ♥♥♥ Mountain City
6. Life genetic engineering, drug research and development
7 Green Plant Nutrition Engineering
8 Smart Engineering
9 Nuclear Engineering
10 Advanced Manufacturing Engineering
The rapid development of modern science and technology, with each passing day, all kinds of inventions and creations, all kinds of technological innovations are numerous. However, the most important and most relevant technical fields mainly include lunar engineering, lunar industrial intelligent city, lunar-earth round-trip communication system,
Radius: 1737 km; Ocean City, Ocean Building, ♣♣ Desert City, ♥♥♥ Mountain City
6. Life genetic engineering, drug research and development
7 Green Plant Nutrition Engineering
8 Smart Engineering
9 Nuclear Engineering
10 Advanced Manufacturing Engineering and others. It is in these fields and categories that the development competition among countries is nothing more than. Of course, military, aerospace, etc. are also among them.
Scientific discoveries can last for thousands of years, and technological inventions can be kept fresh for only a few decades, and they will be obsolete in a few hundred years. Such as electronic product updates, quite quickly. Life cycles are short, as are smart cars, smartphones, etc. Of course, the technological limit may also reach hundreds of years. Even scientific discoveries are not permanent. Tens of thousands of years later, people will have a new leap in understanding the universe and natural laws of natural phenomena. For example, people are on the moon and on Mars, and the human wisdom finds that the invention of wisdom is unbelievable. For us people on earth, we have become uncivilized ancient human beings. The intelligence quotient of lunar humans is dozens and hundreds of times that of our current Earth humans. The scientific discovery of that time was unimaginable. Mathematical, physical and chemical, natural, agricultural, medical, industrial, legal and commercial, literature, history, philosophy, classics, education, etc., everything will be renovated and mutated.
math
The science of studying quantitative relationships and spatial forms in the real world. It is produced and developed in the long-term practical activities of human beings. Originated from counting and measurement, with the development of productive forces, more and more quantitative research on natural phenomena is required; at the same time, due to the development of mathematics itself, it has a high degree of abstraction, rigorous logic and wide applicability. It is roughly divided into two categories: basic mathematics (also known as pure mathematics) and applied mathematics. The former includes branches such as mathematical logic, number theory, algebra, geometry, topology, function theory, functional analysis and differential equations; the latter includes branches such as probability theory, mathematical statistics, computational mathematics, operations research and combinatorial mathematics
■■■Basic technical sciences, mainly including civil engineering, electromechanical engineering, chemical engineering, information engineering, aerospace engineering, ocean engineering, mining engineering, medical engineering, materials engineering, computational engineering, agricultural engineering, energy engineering, lunar engineering, Mars engineering , life engineering and so on.
. Computational mathematics and its application software This major trains students to master the basic theories, basic knowledge and basic methods of mathematical science, to have the ability to apply mathematical knowledge and use computers to solve practical problems, and to be able to engage in research, teaching or production in the departments of science and technology, education and economics Senior talents engaged in practical application and management in operation and management departments. This major in computer software is to cultivate all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty, labor, etc., master certain professional theoretical knowledge, basic knowledge and basic skills of computer programming and application, and be proficient in using the latest international popular software development environment and tools. , Familiar with international software development norms, have strong software development practice ability and good software engineering literacy.
Modern mathematics is a edifice built from a series of abstract structures. It is based on the innate belief of human beings in the inevitability and accuracy of mathematical reasoning, and it is the concentrated expression of confidence in the capacity, origin and power of human reason. Deductive reasoning based on self-evident axioms is absolutely reliable, that is, if an axiom is true, then the conclusions deduced from it must also be true. By applying these seemingly clear, correct, and perfect logics, mathematicians The conclusions reached are clearly unquestionable and irrefutable. Naturally, mathematics is constantly developing and alienating, and eternal mathematics is also unrealistic, mainly due to the changes in the logical thinking structure of the human brain, and mathematics will continue to mutate or alienate. Mathematical logic, natural logic, image logic, hybrid compound logic.
In fact, the above-mentioned understanding of the essential characteristics of mathematics is carried out from the aspects of the source, the way of existence, and the level of abstraction of mathematics, and the essential characteristics of mathematics are mainly seen from the results of mathematical research. Common general-purpose mathematical software packages include: Matlab, Mathematica and Maple, where Matlab is good at numerical calculation, while Mathematica and Maple are good at symbolic operation and formula derivation
(2) Dedicated math packages include:
Drawing software: MathCAD, Tecplot, IDL, Surfer, Origin, SmartDraw, DSP2000
Numerical computing class: Matcom, DataFit, S-Spline, Lindo, Lingo, O-Matrix, Scilab, Octave
Numerical calculation library: linpack/lapack/BLAS/GERMS/IMSL/CXML
Finite element calculation classes: ANSYS, MARC, PARSTRAN, FLUENT, FEMLAB, FlexPDE, Algor, COSMOS, ABAQUS, ADINA
Mathematical statistics: GAUSS, SPSS, SAS, Splus
Obviously, the result (as a deductive system of the theory) does not reflect the whole picture of mathematics, another very important aspect that constitutes the whole of mathematics is the process of mathematical research, and in general, mathematics is a dynamic process, a " The experimental process of thinking" is the abstract generalization process of mathematical truth. The logical deductive system is a natural result of this process. In the process of mathematical research, the richness of mathematical objects, the invention of mathematics by human beings, "Mathematics is a language", mathematical activities are social, it is in the historical process of the development of human civilization, human beings understand nature, adapt to It is the crystallization of a high degree of wisdom that transforms nature and improves self and society. Mathematics has a key influence on the way of thinking of human beings. It is of great significance. Mathematics, physics and chemistry, mathematics is the first priority, and it is not an exaggeration.
Based on the above understanding of the essential characteristics of mathematics, people also discussed the specific characteristics of mathematics from different aspects. The more general view is that mathematics has the characteristics of abstraction, precision and extensive application, among which the most essential characteristic is abstraction. In addition, from the perspective of the process of mathematical research and the relationship between mathematics and other disciplines, mathematics also has imagery, plausibility, and quasi-experience. The "falsifiability" feature of Matlab is suitable for the engineering world, especially toolboxes, fast code, and many integrations with third-party software, such as optimization toolboxes
The most obvious third party is comsol
Mathematica syntax is excellent, so good that it comes with almost all programming paradigms
. The understanding of the characteristics of mathematics is also characteristic of the times. For example, regarding the rigor of mathematics, there are different standards in each period of mathematics historical development, from Euclidean geometry to Lobachevsky geometry to the Hilbert axiom system. , the evaluation criteria for rigor vary widely, especially when Gödel proposed and proved the "incompleteness theorem... Later, it was found that even axiomatic, a rigorous scientific method that was once highly regarded, was flawed. Therefore, the rigor of mathematics is shown in the history of mathematics development and has a relativity. Regarding the plausibility of mathematics,
◆◆◆ Mathematics is the tool and means of physical research. Some research methods of physics have strong mathematical ideas, so the process of learning physics can also improve mathematical cognition. Mathematical logic is the study of symbolic and mathematical logic in formal logic.
bit.ly/yXYlZ8Zoologists, also called animal scientists or animal biologists, specialize in observing animals both in their natural habitats and in the laboratory. The goal of graduates with a zoology degree is to learn as much as possible about animal life, including determining how animals originated and developed, documenting the ways traits are passed from generation to generation, discovering how to identify and treat animal diseases, observing patterns of animal habits and behavior, and studying the various ways animals interact with their environment. Zoology is an extremely broad field of study, and graduates with a zoology degree work in all areas of animal life, studying processes from the most simple to the highly complex. Zoologists may study the life functions of a single animal like a bee, or focus on the complex inter-reactive behavior of an entire hive. Zoologists can choose among many different sub-specialties including physiology, cell biology, developmental biology, neurology, endocrinology, behavior, anatomy, evolution, ornithology, entomology, mammalogy, and herpetology. As part of their training, zoology majors learn how to understand genetic, cellular, physiological, ecological and evolutionary principles; develop a solid foundation in related fields of study like chemistry, physics and mathematics; become familiar with current biological science issues; use critical thinking to evaluate scientific evidence; develop quantitative problem solving and conceptual skills to engage in scientific inquiry; plan and execute experiments; study biological complexity and develop an appreciation of the diversity of life; examine the interrelationship of humans and natural systems; access information from various electronic and print sources; apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations; observe and document details accurately and completely; and clearly communicate the results of their observations and studies both orally and in writing. Graduates with a bachelor's zoology degree can get some jobs as technicians and research assistants, though realistically they will find only limited opportunities for advancement. However, a bachelor's degree in zoology is a solid foundation that prepares students for graduate school in zoology, cell biology, ecology, wildlife and fisheries science, marine science, and biomedical research, as well as for medical school, dental school, optometry school, and veterinary school. Students who have earned a master's degree in zoology or a related field are qualified for some jobs as teachers or research assistants, but generally a career as a zoologist does require a doctoral degree. While some zoologists are employed by museums and zoos where they take part in scientific studies of animal diseases and animal behavior, many teach and do research at colleges where they engage in research into animal illnesses and behavioral patterns. Some zoologists also work for the federal government as wildlife managers, conservationists, and agricultural specialists. And a few work for pharmaceutical companies, biological supply houses or other private businesses. Here is a brief list of the kind of jobs that graduates with a zoology degree might work in: Animal Breeder, Acrologist, Agricultural Commodity Inspector, Animal Care Salesperson, Animal Care Technician, Animal Physiologist, Animal Trainer, Aquarist, Biochemist, Biostatistician, Cell Culture Operator, Conservation Biologist, Conservation Officer, Dentist, Endocrinologist, Entomologist, Environmental Educator, Environmental Impact Specialist, Environmental Planner, Environmental Research Technician, Fishery Research Biologist, Fish Culturist, Fish & Wildlife Technician, Forester, Game Warden, Genetic Researcher, Hatchery Technician, Health Information Specialist, Herpetologist, Histologist, Laboratory Technician, Marine Biologist, Marine Mammal Scientist, Medical Doctor, Museum Zoologist, Naturalist Illustrator, Naturalist, Park Ranger, Pharmaceutical Research Assistant, Pharmaceutical Sales Representative, Range Conservationist, Researcher, Science Teacher, Scientific Writer, Technical Sales Representative, Veterinarian, Wildlife Biologist, Wildlife Refuge Manager, Wildlife Rehabilitation Officer. Wildlife Researcher, Zookeeper Assistant, Zoological Researcher.
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin (recitation: Eduard Doduel) and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he is completely away from the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he traveled to Central Greece with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) he created was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, consisting of a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for his age. For the first time in his work, we witness the real discovery of a "place": While the phenomenon of walking becomes a form of discovering and recognizing (reading) the view, on the other hand, information based on monuments, history, contemporary people and documents all join together in this phenomenon.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and offers rich data in archeology and topography, constitutes a valuable treasure of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (before 1821). Dodwell sets off from Venice by taking an intelligent and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy in late April 1801, as an interpreter. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Lefkada (Santa Mavra). Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrived in Zakinthos (Zante) from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago.
After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's trip to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, he writes in an easy-to-understand manner both about the architectural order of the city ("The houses of the Greeks are lime and the houses of the Turks are painted in red") and its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (blessed water source / fountain). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Patra ' Noting that many black slaves were found in Dodwell, Dodwell also made efforts to obtain some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. On the Dodwell route, it documents scientifically its own knowledge as well as the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso and stops in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through the villages of Arahova and Distomo and takes him to the ancient site of the Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there he continues to other Viotia (Boeotia) villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Passing through the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the relief of the Acropolis relief (relief) marbles.
Dodwell will stay here until September and visit almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and the Egina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he writes about the folk dances, music and games of the Greeks, even about baths, even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come and are highly affected by the high level of living, cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Viotia (Boeotia) and stops by Chalkida and Marathon.
He stays in Athens all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mikene and Atreus, The ruins of Tiryns and Nauplion, Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are the places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia.
In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavrita, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
Dodwell (who has drafted about 400 places and monuments) has been aiming to combine the scientific look with art by adding the engravings to them after using the camera obscura technique and documenting the archaeological ruins he has visited recently. The four volumes of his work, published after Dodwell, are a basic handbook for all travelers traveling around Greece and are still considered a very useful resource for archaeological research today.
The work was published 2 years after Dodwell's death in 1834. Publishers received the material to create the book and detailed instructions about the publication from Dodwell himself. Paintings with stone prints and based on Dodwell's own drawings show magnificent relic images from Greece and Italy. These include, in particular, wall forms, acropolis (city hills or endpoints), fortifications, and domed tombs. Engravings showing monuments in Greece are accompanied by descriptive and explanatory texts; the same is not true for monuments in Italy, however, because Dodwell was unable to write his explanations about them. Publishers have not been able to fill this gap. The embroidery of the paintings on stone was made by the well-known engraver C. Hullmandel.
Despite the misrepresentation of naming and identification in some of the architectural remains, Dodwell's work remains a pioneer in terms of both its subject and less-known archaeological sites. The aim of the author was to add this book to his two volume volume "Classical and Topographical Tour in Greece", published in 1819.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Martin Lavallée , batteur professionnel, possède une connaissance théorique de la musique qui l’ont amené à devenir multi-instrumentiste. Compositeur et réalisateur, il s’amuse à mélanger les textures sonores et les genres tout en ayant un style qui lui est propre.
Sa carrière musicale l’a conduit à jouer, entre autres avec Mobile, Steve Hill, Pagliaro, Catherine Major, Jean Leloup, Dumas, Jonathan Painchaud, Daniel Lavoie, Rock Voisine, Coeur de Pirate, Marie Mai, Anik Jean, David Usher et Jonas & The Massive Attraction.
Martin Lavallée is an award winning professional drummer that has a theoretical knowledge of music which led him to become a multi-instrumentalist. Also a composer and a producer, he likes to mix textures and genres while having a style of his own.
His musical career has led him to play with such artist as Mobile, Steve Hill, Pagliaro, Catherine Major, Jean Leloup, Dumas, Jonathan Painchaud, Daniel Lavoie, Rock Voisine, Coeur de Pirate, Marie Mai, Anik Jean, David Usher, Jonas & The Massive Attraction.
FENCE EDUCATION CONSULTANCY INC MD MBBS Philippines
In this video Dr.Charlene Robelle Locaylocay and Dr.Karla Motol – Mallari explains UPHSD regulations and course details.
DOCTORS:
Dr.Charlene Robelle Locaylocay
Executive assistant Dean
University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
Dr.Karla Motol – Mallari
Vice Chairman – Obstetrics
University of Perpetual Help System DALTA
The Philippines is a tropical country located in South East Asia region, the medium of communication is english the cos of living almost like india.
The Philippines medical education follows American standard of health education, so the University of Perpetual Help System Dalta in manila, philippines follows a same standard of education which is accredited by
commission of Higher Education in Philippines, which is also ISO certified, and that has been existed past 45 years.
The university has Autonomous status, it is only given to the long, tradition of integrity, reputation, commitment of excellence and sustainability of operations. The University of Perpetual Help System Dalta School of Medicine is the center of excellence in medical education, training research and community service. Our goal is to produce competent and quality facilities.
Once you entered our medical program you have to first clear the Pre-Medicine program, which is a Bachelor Degree. After that you enter MD medicine, which is a 4 year curriculum base. Our curriculum is out come based education standard which is an American education standard.
In first year, you need to pass basic sciences, which is composed of Gross anatomy, Histology, Neuroanatomy, Physiology, Bio-Chemistry and Preventive medicine Communal health services. Those subjects were first introduced to you as first year medical student.
As a fresh student we offer an unique course called Pedagoji, which is offered free to fresh men, just to give them an idea about how to learn medicine. Which gives an idea about teaching and learning strategy.
Once you comes to second year, The second year subjects are Basic Science and as well as Clinical Sciences. In second year students will be given subjects like case studies they will be introduced to how to diagnose
deceases, physical examination as well as management. During this time we assist a student by objective structural clinical examination, multiple choice questions also be given as well as laboratory works.
After cleared all your second year subjects, You have a comprehension exam. The comprehensive exam will test how you learned for the past two years in medical school. You need to appear in NMAT exam, which only contain 200 MCQs. After clearing this exam you will then enter into your MD program.
In third year all subjects are purely clinical sciences, which will focus in different branches of medicine, after completing third year you have another comprehensive exam just to reflect on mat how you ensure your course, after you moved on to fourth year automatic clinical clerkship program.
It is a 52 week clinical rotations on a different departments, which will then given to you for medical and clinical exposure on different patients.
Our medical school has a base hospital a LEVEL 3 treasury hospital, we provide credited residency training program in different special case like internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology so this departments will helps you to test your theoretical knowledge and improve your practical skills.
Once you go to the hospital you will routine in different specialty departments, so you will be enhanced, developed in your theoretical knowledge and clinical skills. We have four major departments such as internal medicine, Pediatrics, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. You have rotated in those major departments for 8 weeks or 2 months and 2 weeks in minor departments like Otolaryngology, ophthalmology, psychology, radiology and anesthesia. In preventive medicine and community health you will be rotated for 4 weeks.
During your clerkship rotation you will be part of the health care team and also supervised by intern and attending physician. During that period you have the opportunity of doing minor procedures such as intravenous injection etc. You can also assist in major procedures like Dora synthesis
and Para synthesis. So during this rotations you have to go on duty for 24 hours and in some days it will be assigned in the out-patient department, Emergency room, Intensive care unit and also during this rotations you will be a part of case conferences case discussions with all attending physicians. These all discussions could helps to improve and enhance your theoretical and practical knowledge.
The one other major department is obstetrics and gynaecology which is an project of residency medical training of UPHSD. When you rotate for that department we teach you how to handle normal spontaneous delivery and ask you to assist in major operations like cesarean section.
This Video:
For any quires : 88077 44400
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Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he stayed away from the need to acquire a profession, and he devoted himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian Islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he travels to Rumeli with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection he created (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
As a productive writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, which includes his sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for the era. For the first time in his work, we can recognize the true discovery of a "place": walking; It becomes a form of discovery and recognition (reading) of the view, which includes monuments, history, contemporary people and proven information.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and has rich data in archeology and topography material, creates an infinite wealth of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks in the period before the rebellion (before 1821). In late April 1801, Dodwell took a smart and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he met in Italy, as an interpreter and set off from Venice. In one month, he crossed the Adriatic sea and arrived in Corfu under Russian-ottoman occupation with his companions. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Santa Mavra. Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to the regions of Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrives in Zante from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago. After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's visit to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, the city's architectural arrangement is easily understandable (noting that "the houses of Greeks are lime and the houses of Turks are painted in red"), writes about its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring. He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies. adds the pattern drawn by and displaying the sacred source. Noting that many black slaves were found in Patra, Dodwell also made efforts to acquire some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. It documents its own knowledge in a scientific way with the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece on its route and previous travel testimonies.
Dodwell chooses to go to Athens in another way due to an epidemic in Peloponnese and passes through Inebahti, Galaksidi (watches carnival shows here) and passes through Amfisa (here is a guest at a Kefalonian doctor's house and visits the voivodeship), makes his way up to Parnasos mountain, stops in Hriso village and stay in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and very few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through Arahova and Distomo and takes it to the ancient site of Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there it continues to other Boeotia villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Crossing the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, Lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the Acropolis was removing the relief marbles. Dodwell stayed here until September and almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and Aegina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he also writes about the dances, music and games of the Greeks, as well as about baths and even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come to the superior level of life here, highly influenced by cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Boeotia and stopping at Chalkida and Marathon. He stays here all summer. In December of 1805, we find him visiting the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, the acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mycenae and Atreus, Tiryns and Nauplion, The ruins of the Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoli, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806. passing through, stops at the inns of the region and after Patra, he describes all the villages of Achaia and Ileia and arrives at Olympia on January 24, 1806. In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (stop by Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavryta, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
In the appendix of the publication: place names and different spelling forms, catalog of Kefalonia and Zante islands, Livadia, Amfisa, Lamia, Thebai cities and their major settlements, Corfu, Delfi, Fokis, Thespiae There are inscriptions from the islands of Piraeus, Tinos and Lezbos, musical instruments used in Attica, and the price catalog of products in Athens, as well as a catalog of fruits and vegetables on sale as long as they stay there.
After documenting and archiving the archaeological remains that he visited, using the camera obscura technique, Dodwell aimed to combine art with the scientific view. In his published three volumes of his work, which is a basic resource for all travelers who traveled to Greece after him, and which is still a very useful work in archaeological research, there are nearly 400 pictures of landscape and historical monuments drawn by Dodwell. Recently, dozens more patterns have appeared that have not been known to date.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin (recitation: Eduard Doduel) and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he is completely away from the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he traveled to Central Greece with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) he created was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, consisting of a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for his age. For the first time in his work, we witness the real discovery of a "place": While the phenomenon of walking becomes a form of discovering and recognizing (reading) the view, on the other hand, information based on monuments, history, contemporary people and documents all join together in this phenomenon.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and offers rich data in archeology and topography, constitutes a valuable treasure of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (before 1821). Dodwell sets off from Venice by taking an intelligent and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy in late April 1801, as an interpreter. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Lefkada (Santa Mavra). Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrived in Zakinthos (Zante) from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago.
After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's trip to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, he writes in an easy-to-understand manner both about the architectural order of the city ("The houses of the Greeks are lime and the houses of the Turks are painted in red") and its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (blessed water source / fountain). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Patra ' Noting that many black slaves were found in Dodwell, Dodwell also made efforts to obtain some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. On the Dodwell route, it documents scientifically its own knowledge as well as the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso and stops in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through the villages of Arahova and Distomo and takes him to the ancient site of the Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there he continues to other Viotia (Boeotia) villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Passing through the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the relief of the Acropolis relief (relief) marbles.
Dodwell will stay here until September and visit almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and the Egina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he writes about the folk dances, music and games of the Greeks, even about baths, even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come and are highly affected by the high level of living, cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Viotia (Boeotia) and stops by Chalkida and Marathon.
He stays in Athens all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mikene and Atreus, The ruins of Tiryns and Nauplion, Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are the places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia.
In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavrita, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
Dodwell (who has drafted about 400 places and monuments) has been aiming to combine the scientific look with art by adding the engravings to them after using the camera obscura technique and documenting the archaeological ruins he has visited recently. The four volumes of his work, published after Dodwell, are a basic handbook for all travelers traveling around Greece and are still considered a very useful resource for archaeological research today.
The work was published 2 years after Dodwell's death in 1834. Publishers received the material to create the book and detailed instructions about the publication from Dodwell himself. Paintings with stone prints and based on Dodwell's own drawings show magnificent relic images from Greece and Italy. These include, in particular, wall forms, acropolis (city hills or endpoints), fortifications, and domed tombs. Engravings showing monuments in Greece are accompanied by descriptive and explanatory texts; the same is not true for monuments in Italy, however, because Dodwell was unable to write his explanations about them. Publishers have not been able to fill this gap. The embroidery of the paintings on stone was made by the well-known engraver C. Hullmandel.
Despite the misrepresentation of naming and identification in some of the architectural remains, Dodwell's work remains a pioneer in terms of both its subject and less-known archaeological sites. The aim of the author was to add this book to his two volume volume "Classical and Topographical Tour in Greece", published in 1819.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
DEATH OF THE HON. W. SWANSON.
It is with deep regret that we record the death of the Hon. W. Swanson, member of the legislative Council, which occurred last night at his residence, City Road. Mr. Swanson had long passed his three score years and ten, but his death was altogether unexpected, he having enjoyed excellent health and been taking his usual walks about the city, where his figure was familiar to everybody. He was out yesterday and retired to bed in the evening, feeling in his usual health, but he became ill soon after retiring, and Dr. Lewis, who was sent for, arrived just in time to be present at the death. The cause of death was heart failure.
The Hon. W. Swanson was one of Auckland's best-known and most trusted politicians. Born in Leith, near Edinburgh, on May 30, 1819, he early suffered the loss of both his parents, and was brought up under the care first of his paternal grandfather, then subsequently of an uncle. Shortly after attaining his majority, Mr. Swanson completed his apprenticeship as a shipwright, and lost little time in trying his fortunes in the colonies. Arriving in Auckland in 1844, he found employment in various lines, but wages at that time were low in the Northern capital, and Mr. Swanson visited California in the hope of striking something better. His voyage thither was eventful enough, as may be imagined from the fact that it was undertaken a vessel of 14 tons. The shipwright, however, had confidence in his own work, and when the Customs officer at Auckland declined to clear the vessel outwards on account of her being too small for a foreign voyage, Mr. Swanson, the builder and owner, quietly took his departure for the Bay of Islands, where he found an officer either more ignorant, or less strict as to the tonnage of his little craft. His mates, though possessing a theoretical knowledge of seamanship, were divided in opinion on some of the more abstruse points of navigation, and had it not been for the timely aid of a '"passenger"—the late Mr. Bell, brother of Mrs. Allan O'Neill—there is no doubt that the desired haven could never have been reached. With Mr. Bell's assistance, however, Mr. Swanson and his little company found their way to Tahiti, and on to Honolulu, where the vessel was sold, Mr. Swanson, by the transaction, becoming a landed proprietor on a small scale. After working some time in Honolulu at four dollars a day, Mr. Swanson continued his journey, and arrived in California at a time when the wages of skilled artisans ranged from sixteen to twenty-five dollars per day ; he was fortunate in obtaining employment for some length of time at the maximum wage. Returning to this colony in 1852, Mr. Swanson took up land at the place now bearing his name, and engaged heartily in the timber industry. Here he not only met with personal prosperity, but put many others in the way of making a competence. Being popular with all classes, and thoroughly trusted, Mr. Swanson was early marked out for a public career. The first position of importance to which he was elected was that of representative of the West Ward on the City Board, immediately on the formation of that body. The next step was to the Provincial Council, in which he represented first the Northern District of Auckland and then the City West; in 1871 he was elected without contest to a seat for Newton in the General Assembly. Mr. Swanson continued a member of the Provincial Council until the abolition of those bodies in 1876. In the House of Representatives he sat continuously until 1884, when, for the first and only time, he was beaten. This is a splendid record for a politician who has, throughout his career, conscientiously abstained from soliciting votes on his own behalf. Though lost to the Lower House, Mr. Swanson was not long out of harness, for in May, 1885, he was offered a seat in the Upper House, as a fitting acknowledgment of past services as a legislator. This offer was made by the Stout-Vogel Government, and was accepted by Mr. Swanson on condition of its being understood that he was free to act as independently as had always been "his" principle. Ever since his appointment Mr. Swanson has been an active member—not greatly giving to talking, but exercising a salutary influence on the deliberations of the Council. As a citizen, Mr. Swanson was held in high esteem. No charitable object has ever been denied his aid, and his private acts of kindness and generosity have all been done with an absence of ostentation well worthy of imitation. The giving of treats to the children of the public schools has been a favourite means with Mr. Swanson of affording pleasure to others, and these have generally been given on the reassembling of school after the summer vacation.
Mr. Swanson leaves a family of five sons and two daughters to mourn their loss. Two of his sons are in Auckland, one in the Waikato, one at Gisborne and one at the Islands, while both his daughters are married, one being Mrs. Bloomfield, of Gisborne, and the other Mrs. Colwill, of Auckland.
The funeral will take place on Monday, leaving City Road for Waikumete at two p.m.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19030424.2.25
RETURNED SOLDIER'S DEATH.
SUICIDE BY POISONING.
An inquest was held before Mr. F. K. Hunt, S.M., concerning the death of a returned soldier, Norman Read Bloomfield, who died at Nihotupu on Monday last. Deceased was a married man, 37 years of age, carrying on the occupation of a omnibus proprietor. Evidence was given by deceased's solicitor, which showed that deceased had been very depressed of late and had also had financial trouble.
Elizabeth Read Bloomfield, wife of the deceased, stated that during the past three years her husband had suffered severely from consumption and had been unable to work regularly for some time. Early on Monday, 3rd inst., she heard a fall in her husband's room and found that he had fallen out of bed, and was unconscious. She thought that deceased had had another of his customary bad turns and sent to a neighbour for some brandy, and summoned a doctor. A glass which had contained poison, was on a table in the room. Deceased regained consciousness about 11 a.m. On Monday and said he wished he had made a good job of it (taking poison). Death occurred at 10.20 p.m. the same day. Deceased had lately been very depressed but had never threatened suicide His consumption was so far advanced that he was not expected to live many months.
Medical evidence showed that death was due to heart failure caused by drinking poison. Deceased's general condition was very weak and he was in the last stages of consumption.
A verdict that deceased committed suicide by taking poison in a state of depression was returned.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19240305.2.107
MR. CHARLES SWANSON. A very old resident of Auckland, Mr. Charles Swanson, died at the Auckland Hospital on July 2, after a brief illness, aged 81 years. Last week he was in Queen Street, apparently in good health. Mr. Swanson was the eldest son of the late Hon. William Swanson, M.L.C., who arrived in Auckland in 1544, and married a Maori chieftainess. Mr. Charles Swanson was an excellent Maori linguist. He is survived by Mrs. Swanson.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19300705.2.142
DISTRICT PIONEER
DEATH IN AUCKLAND
MRS. M. R. BLOOMFIELD
One of the pioneer women of the Gisborne district, who for many years was known for her hospitality and the open house she kept, Mrs. Mary Read Bloomfield, died in Auckland this week. Born in Auckland in 1863, she was the daughter of the late Mr. William Swanson, M.L.C., one of the first members of Parliament in New Zealand and later a member of the Upper House.
Mrs. Bloomfield spent her early life in Auckland and at the age of 20 married the late Mr. Thomas Edward Read Bloomfield in that city. Mr. Bloomfield brought his bride to Gisborne, where he had a sheep-station in the Te Arai district. The Opou homestead at Manutuke was built by Mr. Bloomfield, who died in 1890.
Mrs. Bloomfield continued to live at Te Arai for some time, taking a keen interest in the welfare of the people of the district and establishing many friendships, which she maintained for most of the years of her residence in Gisborne.
Mrs. Bloomfield is remembered by many present Gisbornians, who as young newcomers to the district were entertained by her at a home she established in Childers road, which was an open house to her many friends. She was also interested in hockey in Gisborne at the turn of the century, when women’s hockey was a comparatively new game. Mrs. Bloomfield is survived by two sons, Mr. William Read Bloomfield, Auckland, and Mr. Ernest Read Bloomfield, Gisborne, and one daughter, Mrs. H. E. Bright, Gisborne. Two sons predeceased their mother.
The funeral took place in Auckland this week.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/GISH19471011.2.80
Plot 45: Ani Rangitunoa Swanson 1897 – Heart Disease
William Swanson (84) 1903 – Pioneer Logger – Heart Failure
Norman Read Bloomfield (37) 1924 – Motor Proprietor – Heart Failure
Elizabeth Read Bloomfield (48) 30/6/1934– at Auckland Hospital (ashes)
Charles Swanson – Miner – at Auckland Hospital
Mary Read Bloomfield (83) 1947 – Widow
Plot 47: Hui Rangitunoa Swanson (70) 1897
Harriet Colwill (82) 1951 – Widow(ashes)
In Loving Memory
Of
ANI RANGITUNOA,
wife of
William Swanson
died 4th January
1897
also
WILLIAM SWANSON M.L.C.
Husband of the above
died 23rd April 1903
aged 84 years.
“At Rest”
also NORMAN
beloved husband of
Elizabeth Read BLOOMFIELD
died 3rd March 1924
aged 32 years.
also
CHARLES SWANSON
beloved husband of
Fanney Swanson
and eldest son of the above
died 2nd July 1930
aged 81 years.
In Loving Memory Of
MARY.
Loved wife of
Thomas Edward Read BLOOMFIELD
Died 5th October 1947
HARRIET COLWILL
daughter of
Ani and William Swanson
and beloved mother of
Ruby, Frank, Joyce & Bettie.
Died 3rd Sept. 1951, aged 83 years.
DEATHS
SWANSON.—On January 4, at her late residence, City Road, Ani Rangitunoa, beloved wife of William Swanson, in her 70th year. The funeral will leave her late residence, for Waikomiti Cemetery to-morrow (Wednesday), at 2 p.m. Friends please accept this intimation.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18970105.2.2.2
SWANSON.—On April 23, 1903, at his residence, City Road, William Swanson, M.L.C., in his 85th year.
Funeral will leave the above for Waikumete on Monday, April 27, at 2 p.m. Friends please accept this intimation.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19030424.2.2.3
READ-BLOOMFIELD.—On March 3, at his residence, Nihotupu, Norman, dearly-beloved husband of Leila Bloomfield, and son of Mary Read-Bloomfield, Gisborne, in his 37th year. Funeral will leave his late residence, Nihotupu, for Waikumete Cemetery at 2.30 to-day.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19240305.2.2.3
SWANSON.—On July 2, 1930, at the Auckland Hospital, Charles, beloved husband of Fanney Swanson, of 502, Dominion Road, and eldest son of the late Honourable William Swanson, M.L.C.; aged 81 years. The funeral will leave the mortuary of C. Little and Sons, Ltd., 209, Son Street, at. 2 p.m. to-morrow (Thursday), for Waikumete Cemetery. Private interment.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19300702.2.4
BLOOMFIELD.—On Saturday, June 30, at the Auckland Hospital, after a Iong illness, Elizabeth Read, widow of the late Norman Read Bloomfield, Nihotupu and Gisborne; aged 48.
Funeral leaves Arthur Holmes' chapel, Abbotsford Street, Newmarket, for Crematorium to-day (Monday), at 2 p.m.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19340702.2.2.3
Bloomfield.—Mary Read, loved mother of Flora Bright, at Auckland on 7th October. Interment at Auckland.
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/GISH19471008.2.3
View Norman's military personnel file on line:
ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServle...
View and/or contribute to Norman's profile on the Auckland War Memorial Museum Cenotaph data base:
www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/recor...
If you are worried about your or someone else's mental health, the best place to get help is your GP or local mental health provider. However, if you or someone else is in danger or endangering others, call police immediately on 111.
Or if you need to talk to someone else:
1737, Need to talk? Free call or text 1737 any time for support from a trained counsellor
Lifeline – 0800 543 354 or (09) 5222 999 within Auckland
Samaritans – 0800 726 666
Suicide Crisis Helpline – 0508 828 865 (0508 TAUTOKO)
thelowdown.co.nz – or email team@thelowdown.co.nz or free text 5626
Anxiety New Zealand – 0800 ANXIETY (0800 269 4389)
Supporting Families in Mental Illness – 0800 732 825
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin (recitation: Eduard Doduel) and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he is completely away from the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he traveled to Central Greece with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) he created was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, consisting of a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for his age. For the first time in his work, we witness the real discovery of a "place": While the phenomenon of walking becomes a form of discovering and recognizing (reading) the view, on the other hand, information based on monuments, history, contemporary people and documents all join together in this phenomenon.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and offers rich data in archeology and topography, constitutes a valuable treasure of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (before 1821). Dodwell sets off from Venice by taking an intelligent and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy in late April 1801, as an interpreter. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Lefkada (Santa Mavra). Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrived in Zakinthos (Zante) from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago.
After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's trip to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, he writes in an easy-to-understand manner both about the architectural order of the city ("The houses of the Greeks are lime and the houses of the Turks are painted in red") and its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (blessed water source / fountain). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Patra ' Noting that many black slaves were found in Dodwell, Dodwell also made efforts to obtain some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. On the Dodwell route, it documents scientifically its own knowledge as well as the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso and stops in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through the villages of Arahova and Distomo and takes him to the ancient site of the Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there he continues to other Viotia (Boeotia) villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Passing through the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the relief of the Acropolis relief (relief) marbles.
Dodwell will stay here until September and visit almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and the Egina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he writes about the folk dances, music and games of the Greeks, even about baths, even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come and are highly affected by the high level of living, cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Viotia (Boeotia) and stops by Chalkida and Marathon.
He stays in Athens all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mikene and Atreus, The ruins of Tiryns and Nauplion, Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are the places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia.
In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavrita, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
Dodwell (who has drafted about 400 places and monuments) has been aiming to combine the scientific look with art by adding the engravings to them after using the camera obscura technique and documenting the archaeological ruins he has visited recently. The four volumes of his work, published after Dodwell, are a basic handbook for all travelers traveling around Greece and are still considered a very useful resource for archaeological research today.
The work was published 2 years after Dodwell's death in 1834. Publishers received the material to create the book and detailed instructions about the publication from Dodwell himself. Paintings with stone prints and based on Dodwell's own drawings show magnificent relic images from Greece and Italy. These include, in particular, wall forms, acropolis (city hills or endpoints), fortifications, and domed tombs. Engravings showing monuments in Greece are accompanied by descriptive and explanatory texts; the same is not true for monuments in Italy, however, because Dodwell was unable to write his explanations about them. Publishers have not been able to fill this gap. The embroidery of the paintings on stone was made by the well-known engraver C. Hullmandel.
Despite the misrepresentation of naming and identification in some of the architectural remains, Dodwell's work remains a pioneer in terms of both its subject and less-known archaeological sites. The aim of the author was to add this book to his two volume volume "Classical and Topographical Tour in Greece", published in 1819.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou
Archaeologist and painter Edward Dodwell (1767-1832), who came from a noble and rich Irish family, was born in Dublin (recitation: Eduard Doduel) and studied literature and archeology at Trinity College in Cambridge. Thanks to the economic comfort provided by his great fortune, he is completely away from the need to acquire a profession and gives himself to the researches about the Mediterranean civilizations.
In 1801, he traveled with Ionian islands (Corfu, Zante etc.) and the region of Troy together with Atkins and well-known traveler W. Gell. In 1805-06, he traveled to Central Greece with his traveling companion, Simone Pomardi. He then settled in Naples and Rome and marries a woman thirty years younger from him. He was an honorary member of many European cultural foundations. He died of sickness while exploring in the mountains of Italy. The large archaeological collection (coins, 115 copper items, 143 amphoras) he created was sold to the Munich Sculpture Museum after being housed in his home in Rome for a while.
Being a prolific writer and visual artist at the same time, Dodwell reveals his multi-faceted talent, consisting of a sense of curiosity, critical gaze and artistic sensitivity as an archaeologist in his works that are unique for his age. For the first time in his work, we witness the real discovery of a "place": While the phenomenon of walking becomes a form of discovering and recognizing (reading) the view, on the other hand, information based on monuments, history, contemporary people and documents all join together in this phenomenon.
The journey, which is described in these two volumes of publications and offers rich data in archeology and topography, constitutes a valuable treasure of information about the public and private lives of the Greeks before the rebellion (before 1821). Dodwell sets off from Venice by taking an intelligent and well-read Greek from Santorini, whom he had met in Italy in late April 1801, as an interpreter. He crosses the Adriatic sea and arrives in Corfu under Russian-Ottoman occupation with his travel companions within a month. Their journey continues towards Paksos islands, Parga, Lefkada (Santa Mavra). Dodwell writes about the nose of Lefkata, where ancient Greek poet Saffo, according to ancient ruins, products, villages and legend, fell into the sea because of his desperate love for Faon. From here go to Preveza and go to Nikopolis. He travels to the archeological site at the village, continues to Ithaka island and writes about the geography and economic situation there and about the search for ancient ruins. Finally, he came to Kefalonia and completed his first trip to Greece with William Gell.
In 1805, Dodwell, along with the artist Simone Pomardi, arrived in Zakinthos (Zante) from the city of Messina in Sicily, where he writes about the villages, population, products; he then goes to Mesolongi. Tepedelenli Ali Pasha writes about the persecution of local people, local products, the Akheloos river and the Echinades archipelago.
After the journey, he reached Patra and became the guest of the consul Nikolaos Stranis. Stranis's mansion had been the meeting place of many European guests for years. Dodwell's trip to Patra confirms his theoretical knowledge about them. Speaking of Contemporary Patra, he writes in an easy-to-understand manner both about the architectural order of the city ("The houses of the Greeks are lime and the houses of the Turks are painted in red") and its economic condition (including products exported from the region). In Patra, he visits the castle, the famous big-bodied cypress tree, the church of Saint Andrea and the holy spring (blessed water source / fountain). He adds the pattern that his travel companion Pomardi has drawn and displays the sacred source. Patra ' Noting that many black slaves were found in Dodwell, Dodwell also made efforts to obtain some archaeological artifacts. As he writes about Patra, he especially portrays the city's historical memory. On the Dodwell route, it documents scientifically its own knowledge as well as the old sources it used to showcase the contemporary reality of Greece and previous travel testimonies.
Due to an epidemic in Dodwell Peloponnese, he chose to go to Athens in another way, passing through Nafpaktos (Inebahtı), Galaksidi (watching the carnival shows here) and passing through Amfisa (here he is a guest at the house of a Kefalonian doctor and visits the voivodeship), climbs to Parnasos mountain, Hriso and stops in Kastri and tour the Kastalya fountain and few ancient ruins that can be seen in Delfi. The road passes through the villages of Arahova and Distomo and takes him to the ancient site of the Trophonius priests in Livadia, from there he continues to other Viotia (Boeotia) villages (Orchomenos, Aliartos, Thespiae). Passing through the Eleutherae road and the Eleusis plain, on March 26, lord Elgin's work teams arrive in Athens when the relief of the Acropolis relief (relief) marbles.
Dodwell will stay here until September and visit almost all of Attica (Pendeli mountain, Fili, Acharnai, Kifisia, Vrauron, Porto Rafti, Thorikos, Lavrion, Sunion, Piraeus) and the Egina and Salamis islands. In addition to archaeological issues, he writes about the folk dances, music and games of the Greeks, even about baths, even insects and birds.
After Athens, it passes through Thiva (Thebai), Kopais lake, Thermopylae and Lamia, Stylis and Almyros to Volos and Pelion; in his article he mentions all the ancient city ruins he met along the way. After that, Larissa and Ambelakia come and are highly affected by the high level of living, cultured people and the cotton yarn dyeing industry. Thessaly plain returns to Athens after passing through Lilaia, Amfikleia, Fokida, Viotia (Boeotia) and stops by Chalkida and Marathon.
He stays in Athens all summer. In December of 1805, we find him touring the Argos-Corinth region: Dafni monastery, Eleusis and its religious mysteries, Megara, Corinthian isthmus, Corinthian fortress, Kechries, Nemea and its vineyards, Acropolis and ancient theater in Argos, the treasure of Mikene and Atreus, The ruins of Tiryns and Nauplion, Epidaurus and Asclepius temple, Troizina, Methana, Poros are the places he traveled and wrote. Then, on the road of Aegion, Sikyon passes through Xylokastron and stops in the local inns, and after Patra, he reaches Olympia on January 24, 1806 by describing all villages of Achaia and Ileia.
In the continuation of the trip, Messini visits Sparta in late February after visiting the ruins in Megalopolis and Vassai. After crossing Arkadiya and Achaia (by stopping at Tegea, Tripoliçe, Mantineia, Orchomenos, Stymphalia, Feneos, Kalavrita, Mega Spilaion), it reaches Patra in the spring and finally reaches Rome on September 18, 1806.
Dodwell (who has drafted about 400 places and monuments) has been aiming to combine the scientific look with art by adding the engravings to them after using the camera obscura technique and documenting the archaeological ruins he has visited recently. The four volumes of his work, published after Dodwell, are a basic handbook for all travelers traveling around Greece and are still considered a very useful resource for archaeological research today.
The work was published 2 years after Dodwell's death in 1834. Publishers received the material to create the book and detailed instructions about the publication from Dodwell himself. Paintings with stone prints and based on Dodwell's own drawings show magnificent relic images from Greece and Italy. These include, in particular, wall forms, acropolis (city hills or endpoints), fortifications, and domed tombs. Engravings showing monuments in Greece are accompanied by descriptive and explanatory texts; the same is not true for monuments in Italy, however, because Dodwell was unable to write his explanations about them. Publishers have not been able to fill this gap. The embroidery of the paintings on stone was made by the well-known engraver C. Hullmandel.
Despite the misrepresentation of naming and identification in some of the architectural remains, Dodwell's work remains a pioneer in terms of both its subject and less-known archaeological sites. The aim of the author was to add this book to his two volume volume "Classical and Topographical Tour in Greece", published in 1819.
Written By: İoli Vingopoulou