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On the Serbian bank of the Danube by the Iron Gate 1 dam is this memorial to former Yugoslavian dictator Josip Broz Tito.
Below is two versions of Tito and his impact on the Balkans. The first gleaned from various sources and the second by a Yugoslav resident Martin Vucic.
Josip Broz Tito was born May 7, 1892 in Croatia & died May 4, 1980 in Belgrade. Tito was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman.
Tito was the chief architect of the “second Yugoslavia,” a socialist federation that lasted from World War II until 1991. He was the first Communist leader in power to defy Soviet hegemony, a backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as “national communism”), and a promoter of the policy of nonalignment between the two hostile blocs in the Cold War.
The irony of Tito’s life is he created the conditions for the eventual destruction of his lifelong effort. Instead of allowing the process of democratization to establish its own limits, he constantly upset the work of reformers while failing to satisfy their adversaries.
He created a federal state, yet he constantly fretted over the pitfalls of decentralization. He knew that the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and others could not be integrated within some new supranation, nor would they willingly accept the hegemony of any of their number; yet his supranational Yugoslavism frequently smacked of unitarism.
He promoted self-management but never gave up on the party’s monopoly of power. He permitted broad freedoms in science, art, and culture that were unheard of in the Soviet bloc, but he kept excoriatingthe West.
He preached peaceful coexistence but built an army that, in 1991, delivered the coup de grâce to the dying Yugoslav state. At his death, the state treasury was empty and political opportunists unchecked. He died too late for constructive change, too early to prevent chaos.
From 1945 to 1953 Tito acted as prime minister and minister of defense in the government, whose most dramatic political action was the capture, trial, and execution of General Mihajlovic in 1946. Between 1945 and 1948 Tito led his country through an extreme form of dictatorship (rule by one all-powerful person) in order to mold Yugoslavia into a state modeled after the Soviet Union. In January 1953, he was named first president of Yugoslavia and president of the Federal Executive Council. In 1963 he was named president for life.
By 1953 Tito had changed Yugoslavia's relationship with the Soviet Union. He refused to approve Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's plans for integrating Yugoslavia into the East European Communist bloc and started on his own policies, relaxing of central control over many areas of national life, and putting it back into the control of the citizens. Although relations between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia improved when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev (1894–1971) visited Belgrade after Stalin's death in 1955, they never returned to what they were before 1948.
Tito attempted to build a bloc of "nonaligned" countries after Stalin's death. Under his leadership, Yugoslavia maintained friendly ties with the Arab states and criticized Israeli aggression in the Arab-Israeli War of 1967. He protested the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968, and maintained friendly relations with Romania after Nicolae Ceausescu (1918–1989) became its leader in 1965. Under Tito's leadership Yugoslavia was a very active member of the United Nations.
Tito was married twice and had two sons. His first wife was Russian. After World War II he married Jovanka, a Serbian woman from Croatia many years younger than him. His wife often accompanied him on his travels. President for life, Tito ruled until his death in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, on May 4, 1980.
From various sources.
And a second opinion of Titos’ reign by Martin Vucic:
I feel compelled to address some of the the misinformation and misconceptions concerning Tito and Yugoslavia, propagated by Tito’s apologists and Yugoslav communists nostalgic for the now defunct Yugoslav state.
Unfortunately many people uncritically accept the airbrushed version of Tito and Yugoslavia without examining historical fact and reality.
Contrary to popular belief Tito was a ruthless and bloodthirsty communist dictator and Yugoslavia was a poor and backward totalitarian state ruled by Tito and his corrupt communist party cronies.
Yugoslavia was never a cohesive unitary state being composed of multiple nations with competing interests and historic grievances. Albanians, Bosnian Muslims, Croats, Macedonians, Serbs, Slovenes combined to form a single state under the aegis of Serbia and her allies, Britain and France soon after world war one ended.
This was the first Yugoslavia which collapsed at the being of world war two. Tito’s Yugoslavia was not the benign communist utopia often presented to gullible western media.
Political opposition to Tito and his Yugoslav communist party was not tolerated and immediately suppressed. Tito and the Yugoslav communist party ruled using state terror, imprisonment and murder much like his contemporary Stalin.
At the close of the second world war Tito and his communist partisans executed, imprisoned and tortured hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians, these were primarily Croatians, who had fought against Tito’s forces or were opposed to communism.
Finding themselves on the losing side of the war, these unfortunate people surrendered to the British Army in Austria seeking protection from Tito’s communist partisan forces. The British callously handed them over to Tito’s partisans who immediately began mass executions, tortures and forced marches (known as the Bleiburg Massacres).
The exact number of victims is not known, sadly mass graves from the period litter Slovenia and Croatia and are still being discovered to this day. It is a terrible irony that Tito, a Croat himself, was responsible for more deaths of his own compatriots than the opposing Axis forces were.
Moving on from massacres, Tito’s Yugoslavia was the archetypal totalitarian communist state complete with its own gulags for political prisoners such as “Goli Otok”, a barren rocky island in the Adriatic, and a Tito personality cult not dissimilar to that of Mao or Stalin.
The Tito personality cult is still alive today albeit with diminished intensity, annual gatherings of Yugoslav Communist nostalgics and cultists to honour Tito are still held at his birthplace in Croatia.
Tito’s Yugoslav state had all the trappings of Stalin’s Soviet Union, the Yugoslav secret police (known as the UDBA) scoured the globe spying on, hunting down and murdering hundreds of political opponents, emigres and intellectuals in a ruthless and violent campaign which lasted right up until 1989 (e.g. murders of Stjepan Durekovic in Germany and the Sevo Family in Italy, Yugolsav embassy shooting in Sydney Australia).
Besides political murders, Tito (the president for life) also enjoyed the good life. He had a string of palaces and retreats built for himself across Yugoslavia and lived a life of luxury hosting international celebrities and foreign dignitaries while his people lived in poverty.
Poor economic prospects and the lack of political freedoms forced many Croats and others to migrate or seek work in Germany and other Western countries.
Economically, Tito’s Yugoslavia was essentially insolvent with entrenched hyperinflation. Massive levels of official corruption and incompetent management by the communist party served to ensure continued economic stagnation.
Tito was however a canny operator, he was able to exploit the cold war to his advantage by playing the West and East off against each other. In order to keep Yugoslavia afloat economically and maintain his power base borrowed large sums from both the East and West while championing the “non aligned” movement.
Tito died in 1980, and the cold war ended in 1989. Yugoslavia being an artificial state based on repression, corruption and injustice collapsed like a house of cards. The various nations which comprised Yugoslavia; Albanians, Bosnian Muslims, Croats, Macedonians, Serbs, Slovenes having competing interests and grievances, guaranteed its dissolution.
Vindu Dara Singh , Dina Umarova and Jaey Gajera together at After Party of Miss Diva 2017.
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19 Inch S6 Competition Series Wheels
Satin Bronze Center
Polished Titanium Lip
Polished Titanium Hardware
Satin Bronze Inners
19x9.5
19x11
19 Inch S6 Competition Series Wheels
Satin Bronze Center
Polished Titanium Lip
Polished Titanium Hardware
Satin Bronze Inners
19x9.5
19x11
19 Inch S6 Competition Series Wheels
Satin Bronze Center
Polished Titanium Lip
Polished Titanium Hardware
Satin Bronze Inners
19x9.5
19x11
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