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1933 Marvels of the Auto Speed World
Great things are stirring in the speed world! Streamlined race cars, modified stock car speed creations, incredibly fast custom-built racers for assaults against time, are all parts of the changing picture of the most heart-gripping, thrilling sport in the world today—auto racing!
by ROBERT M. ROOF and LEW HOLT
WITH a new automobile speed record of 273 miles an hour recently established by Malcolm Campbell, the internationally famous British speed king, and with several new speed creations along novel lines being groomed for entry in the forthcoming Memorial Day racing classic at Indianapolis, 1933 seems destined to be written down large in speedway history.
Just how extensive has been the influence of such ultra-speed cars as Campbell’s Blue Bird, Segrave’s Golden Arrow, and Kaye Don’s Silver Bullet, can be learned from a study of the pictures which accompany this article. On the opposite page is the latest creation of Harry Hartz, American speed pilot, which he calls “The Spirit of ’76.”
This name derives out of the fact that Hartz is going after Malcolm Campbell’s speed record with the intention of restoring the record to American hands. Several well known automotive engineers are behind Hartz in his effort. Trials will be conducted at Muroc Dry Lake in California.
Particular features of “The Spirit of ’76” are the streamlined body, the small radiator opening, the use of a vertical fin to stabilize steering control, and the top enclosure of half the cockpit opposite the driver to offer as slight air resistance as possible.
Much smaller in all dimensions than the Blue Bird, Hartz believes that his creation has an excellent chance to better Campbell’s record because the car is built to do just that one thing. It is much better streamlined than the Blue Bird, and has considerably less weight to push.
Because of its wide departure from A.A.A. specifications for speedway racers, it is unlikely that the Hartz machine will take part in the 500-mile Indianapolis race. But unquestionably it foreshadows the trend of race car development.
Three Types of Racing
Auto racing as it now stands falls into three general classes—races of custom-built superspeed cars against time (such as Campbell’s Blue Bird, which develops such terrific speeds that it would be suicidal to race a companion car simultaneously on the same track); races such as the Memorial Day classic, on speedways whose car specifications are rigidly specified by racing associations; and dirt track racing—likewise
controlled, to a certain degree, by associations, but allowing much more latitude to the individual driver.
In this latter field modified stock car racing is at present enjoying much popularity. Usually the races are run on a percentage basis, 40% of the gate receipts being appropriated as prizes. Stock car racing gives the amateur driver a chance to demonstrate his ability, and it is from these races that owners of high-priced racing cars pick the drivers to pilot their machines on the big-time speedways.
Modified Stock Car Races
Are modified stock cars fast? They most decidedly are. At Funk’s Motor Speedway, Winchester, Indiana, the fastest half-mile dirt track in the country, a Model A 1929 Ford turned one lap just under 26 seconds. Plenty of big time race cars can’t turn in as flashy a performance on the same track.
Certain well known machines are specially suited for modified stock car racing: Fords (Models A, T, and V8), four and six-cylinder Chevrolets, Plymouths, DeSotos, and Studebakers. Pontiacs also are adaptable.
Since this type of race gives the amateur his best chance, requiring nothing very expensive in the way of equipment, a few details will be given. On the morning of the race day stock cars must qualify for their positions in the race. Usually the ten fastest cars are allowed in the main event, the slower ones in a consolation race which gives them a chance to win some money to defray traveling expenses.
Two 10-mile sprints and a 20 or 30-mile feature race usually comprise the program, with a stunt such as a blindfold race occasionally added. In the latter the driver has a black hood completely covering his head, and he steers his race car entirely by sense of feel—that is, he is so familiar with the race track layout, and can sense position so accurately from the banked turns, that vision is unnecessary. When two blindfold drivers start tearing around the track at the same time, the roaring crowd realizes that it’s looking on a real thrill treat.
A white flag is used to start the regular race. The green flag means the driver is starting the last lap, and the checkered flag is the one the boys all hope for, signifying a winner.
Conduct of Dirt Track Races
When starting a race the drivers are lined up in the order they qualified for. The fastest qualifying car is the pole car, which leads the pack around the track until they are lined up for a flying start. The first lap is the most dangerous, as each driver strives to get into the turn first. After this lap they scatter out and the nerve tension of the drivers is somewhat relaxed.
In modifying stock cars for racing, all fenders, headlights, windshields, tops, and other parts that would cause resistance are removed. Beyond this, procedure varies with each model car. Valve ports of the engine are usually bored out, special valves and aluminum racing pistons installed, high compression obtained through use of special heads, and downdraft carburetor and oversize manifold added.
Ignition systems usually require some changes. Every driver knows that the magneto system is faster than the usual battery type. A special racing coil, which has a double winding with 30,000 turns, is usually used in conjunction with the double-breaker Mallory distributor. This combination generates a very hot and fast spark which requires a special metric racing spark plug to withstand it.
Special fuels are, of course, required to get the most out of the cars. High test gasoline would burn up the valves, so a special dope is added to regular gas.
Modified stock car racing has penetrated to all parts of the world. The Grand Prix Race at Stockholm, Sweden, traveling over mountains, frozen lakes, and dangerous passages, is run with stock cars. Even in far away Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, modified stock car races are held.
Editor’s note: Mr. Roof is chief engineer of the R & R Manufacturing Company, Anderson, Indiana, manufacturers of parts for dirt track racers.
Sogn og fjordane
Sognefjord d’Oppedal à Lavik
Sogn og Fjordane er et tidligere fylke på Vestlandet i Norge, fra 2020 en del av Vestland fylke. Fylket Sogn og Fjordane grenset til Hordaland i sør, Møre og Romsdal i nord, Oppland i øst og Buskerud i sørøst. I vest hadde Sogn og Fjordane en kyststripe mot Norskehavet. Sogn og Fjordane besto av de to distriktene Sogn og Fjordane, som også er navnet på gamle fogderier. Sogn blir igjen inndelt i distriktene Indre Sogn og Ytre Sogn, og Fjordane består av Sunnfjord og Nordfjord.
Etter kommunereformen ligger kommunene Kinn, Gulen, Solund, Hyllestad, Høyanger, Vik, Sogndal, Aurland, Lærdal, Årdal, Luster, Askvoll, Fjaler, Sunnfjord, Bremanger, Stad, Gloppen og Stryn under Sogn og Fjordane valgdistrikt. De sogner også til Sogn og Fjordane tingrett i Gulating lagmannsrett.
På gammelnorsk het den nordlige delen av fylket «Firðir» som betyr fjordene. «Sogn» skriver seg fra navnet på fjorden som opprinnelig bare ble kalt «Sogn», men betydningen er uklar.
Personer fra fylket kalles enten nordfjordinger, sogninger eller sunnfjordinger, alt etter hvilken del av fylket de kom fra. Spøkefullt brukes likevel noen ganger ordet fjogning, som er sammensatt av fjording og sogning, men denne betegnelsen er ikke i vanlig bruk.
Sogn og Fjordane besto av de to distriktene Sogn og Fjordane, som samfaller med de to historiske fylkene Firdafylke (nå: Fjordane) og Sygnafylke (Sogn), som begge i middelalderen lå under Gulatingsloven. Sogn og Fjordane som også er navnet på gamle fogderier. Sogn fogderi ble opprettet i 1530, og i 1630 ble det delt i Indre Sogn fogderi og Ytre Sogn fogderi. Tilsvarende ble Sønd- og Nordfjord fogderi senere delt i et fogderi for Sunnfjord og et for Nordfjord.
Fylkene Firdafylke og Sygnafylke ble slått sammen med Hordafylke og Sunnmørafylke til Bergenhus hovedlen i senmiddelalderen, som i 1660 ble til Bergen stiftamt. I 1681 ble Bergenhus amt opprettet som et eget underamt. Sunnmøre ble i 1689 overført til Romsdals amt. I 1763 ble Nordre Bergenhus amt skilt ut som et eget amt. Det resterende Bergenhus amt ble i 1763 delt i Nordre Bergenhus amt (bestående av de tidligere fylkene Sygnafylke og Firdafylke) og Søndre Bergenhus amt (tilsvarende det tidligere Hordafylke). Nordre Bergenhus amt fikk navnet Sogn og Fjordane fylke i 1919, samme år fikk Søndre Bergenhus amt navnet Hordaland fylke.
Førde i Sunnfjord er størst av byene mellom Bergen og Ålesund og ligger omtrent 12 mil fra begge.Hermansverk i Sogn var fylkets administrasjonssenter.
Sogn og Fjordane hadde et areal på 18 622,73 km² og var Norges åttende største fylke. Før kommunereformen på 1960-tallet hadde Sogn og Fjordane 42 kommuner. I 2017 omfattet fylket 26 kommuner. De tre byene er Florø og Førde i Sunnfjord og Måløy i Nordfjord. I tillegg er Sogndalsfjøra et viktig regionsenter i Indre Sogn. Sogn og Fjordane har i overkant av 110 000 innbyggere, og var Norges nest minste fylke i folketall. Hermansverk i Leikanger var Administrasjonssenter for fylkeskommunen og fylkesmannen. Fylket var vennskapsprovins med den kinesiske provinsen Ningxia Hui.
Den 2. februar 2017 vedtok fylkestinget i Sogn og Fjordane en sammenslåing med Hordaland med 19 mot 12 stemmer. Den 3. februar 2017 vedtok fylkestinget i Hordaland det samme med 41 mot 4 stemmer. Den 8. juni 2017 vedtok Stortinget en sammenslåing av de to fylkene fra og med 1. januar 2020. Fra samme dato ble Hornindal og Volda slått sammen til en kommune, og Hornindal ble en del av Møre og Romsdal.
Le comté de Sogn og Fjordane (Sogn og Fjordane fylke en norvégien) était jusqu'en 2020 un comté norvégien situé à l’ouest du pays. Il était voisin des comtés de Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, Buskerud et Hordaland. Son centre administratif se situait à Leikanger. Il a fusionné avec le comté de Hordaland le 1er janvier 2020 pour devenir le comté de Vestland.
Le comté était traditionnellement divisé en trois « pays » : le Sogn, le Sunnfjord et le Nordfjord. Le Sogn entoure le Sognefjord, un fjord d’une longueur de 204 kilomètres.
Sogn og Fjordane était essentiellement rural, et sa population était faible et dispersée. Il abritait le plus grand glacier d'Europe, Jostedalsbreen, long de 80 kilomètres et culminant à environ 1 957 mètres d'altitude, ainsi que le lac le plus profond du pays, Hornindalsvatnet, 514 mètres de profondeur. Dans les monts du Jotunheim, on trouve par ailleurs la quatrième plus haute chute d'eau du pays, Vettisfossen, qui affiche un dénivelé de 275 mètres et le Hornelen, plus haute falaise d'Europe. Profitant de cette manne touristique, des bateaux de croisière voguent tout l’été à travers les fjords du comté, principalement le Sognefjord et le Nordfjord. Dans la soirée du 6 octobre 1929, le Haakon VII faisant route vers le sud, de Bergen à Florø, avec 74 passagers et membres d'équipage, fait naufrage sur la côte de Sogn og Fjordane.
Bien que l'aire de Sogn og Fjordane disposait de quelques industries, notamment dans les secteurs de l’hydroélectricité et de l’aluminium, le comté était avant tout agricole.
Le comté abritait le plus long tunnel routier au monde (en mars 2011), le tunnel de Lærdal, d'une longueur de 24,5 km.
Le comté présentait la particularité d'être le seul dont l'intégralité des communes avaient choisi le nynorsk, une des deux variantes du norvégien, comme langue administrative et d'enseignement.
Le comté de Sogn og Fjordane (Sogn og Fjordane fylke en norvégien) est un comté norvégien situé à l’W du pays. Son centre administratif se situe à Leikanger.
Le comté est traditionnellement divisé en trois « pays » : le Sogn, le Sunnfjord et le Nordfjord. Le Sogn og Fjordane est essentiellement rural, et sa population est faible et dispersée. Il abrite le plus grand glacier d'Europe, le Jostedalsbreen, long de 80 kilomètres et culminant à environ 1 957 mètres d'altitude, ainsi que le lac le plus profond du pays, le Hornindalsvatnet, 514 mètres de profondeur. Dans les monts du Jotunheim, on trouve par ailleurs la quatrième plus haute chute d'eau du pays, la Vettisfossen, qui affiche un dénivelé de 275 mètres.
Le Sognefjord est le fjord le plus long au monde, coupant la Norvège d’ouest en est sur plus de 200 kilomètres. C’est aussi l’un des plus profonds de notre planète (1300 mètres à l’endroit le plus profond) et l’un des plus variés avec ses petits villages suspendus à flanc de montagne, ses cascades vrombissantes et ses rives parfaitement découpées.
Le Sognefjord est une véritable merveille naturelle. Situé au nord de Bergen, il relie la côte aux montagnes du Parc de Jotunheimen en dévoilant des montagnes perchées à 1700 mètres d’altitude et un fjord de 1300 mètres de profondeur. C’est ici que se trouve le Naerøfjord, le bras le plus étroit du fjord, classé au patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco. Mais ce n’est pas le seul bras intéressant du fjord, puisque le Sognefjord abrite aussi le Lusterfjord, le Finnafjord et le Fjærlandsfjord, tous trois dévoilant une eau couleur émeraude en provenance directe des glaciers alentours. Pour une visite authentique du Sognefjord, il ne faut pas manquer de faire le tour de ses petits villages. Au total, ce sont près de 30 000 personnes qui habitent ici, au cœur des vallées ou le long des fjords. Le village de Skjolden, notamment, mérite le détour pour son isolement et pour son atmosphère typique. Quant au village de Laerdal, il est intéressant d’un point de vue architectural avec ses maisons en bois parfaitement préservées, datant pourtant du XVIIIe et du XIXe siècle.
Le Sognefjord se visite aussi bien en été qu’en hiver. Chacune de ces deux saisons permet de partir randonner – en raquettes ou à pied – des heures durant sur des chemins perdus en pleine nature, entre mer et montagnes. Le ski et l’alpinisme, notamment sur le glacier de Jostedalsbreen, se pratiquent aussi énormément dans la région, principalement en hiver, mais aussi à la mi-saison. Même chose pour la motoneige, qui est ici considérée comme un moyen de transport à part entière avec tout un réseau de routes dédiées. Et puis, en plein été, les amateurs de sensations fortes pourront se régaler de descentes en rafting au cœur de rapides sauvages. Sur la côte, il est aussi possible de partir en excursion plongée sous-marine pour aller à la rencontre des limaces de mer, des bancs de harengs et parfois même d’orques.
Ytre Oppedal est une localité du comté de Sogn og Fjordane, en Norvège
Ytre Oppedal fait partie de la kommune de Gulen.
Larvik est une ville et une kommune norvégienne du Comté de Vestfold og Telemark.
La commune abrite la ville de Larvik2, qui en est le centre administratif, et quelques villages dont :
• Stavern
• Hvarnes
• Helgeroa/Nevlunghavn
• Kvelde
• Verningen
• Svarstad
• Ula
• Østre Halsen
• Brunlanes
Elle borde Kongsberg et Holmestrand au nord, Sandefjord et Tønsberg à l'est, et Porsgrunn, Siljan et Bamble à l'ouest.
Larvik est une municipalité côtière, qui comprend également de grandes et bonnes zones agricoles, ainsi que des forêts et des montagnes. Son point culminant est Vindfjell avec ses 622 mètres. Le phare de Svenner est un point de repère bien connu dans l'archipel.
On y trouve aussi le plus grand domaine privé de Norvège, le palais Fritzøehus.
Larvik er ein kommune i Vestfold og Telemark fylke. Han grensar i nord mot Kongsberg, i aust mot Sandefjord, og i vest til kommunane Porsgrunn og Siljan i Telemark fylke. Kommunen har hatt to store utvidingar i 1988 og 2018. Først da Tjølling, Hedrum, Brunlanes og Stavern blei slått saman med bykommunen Larvik, seinare i 2018 da Lardal blei innlemma i same kommune. Larvik var den største kommunen i Vestfold fylke etter areal.
Administrasjonssenteret i kommunen er byen Larvik. Byen er spesielt kjent for Bøkeskogen og som fødeby for eventyraren Thor Heyerdahl og komponisten Arne Nordheim. I Larvik sentrum ligg au Farris-fabrikken med Kong Haakons og Kong Olavs kjelder. Color Line har sitt utspring i Larvik gjennom det tidlegare Larvik–Frederikshavnferja, og i dag trafikkerer «Superspeed 2» Larvik–Hirtshals.
I Larvik kommune ligg au tettstaden Nevlunghavn. «Hamna» har ein befolkning på ca 700 fastbuande, men i sommarmånadene gangast dette talet med 10. Hamna er ein gammal losstad, og i starten var det berre losar med familiane deira som budde her. Men ettersom folk begynte med fiske, veks hamna fram til den perla og tettstaden ho er i dag. Hamna er au nemnt på listene SN har over verneverdige stader, og omtrent 120 av husa er freda.
Larvik kommune ligg innan Oslofeltet, og berggrunnen består av magmatiske bergarter frå perm, vesentleg syenitt, men også nokre mindre område med lavabergarter helt i nordaust. Særleg kjent er den grovkorna syenitten larvikitt, som blir broten i store brot fleire stader i kommunen. Nokre av øyane i Langsundsfjorden lengst vest i kommunen består av sedimentære bergarter frå kambrosilur. Raet går gjennom kommunen frå nordaust til sørvest, ei israndavsetjing frå tilbaketrekkinga av isen etter siste istid. Den kommer inn i kommunen litt sør for Goksjø, går gjennom Larvik by og demmer bl.a. opp Farris, og går ut i Langesundsbukta ved Mølen. På ra-ryggen nord for Larvik sentrum ligger Bøkeskogen, den største bøkeforekomsten i Norge. Marine løsavsetninger dekker det meste av berggrunnen utenfor Raet; innenfor er det særlig langs Lågen en finner større løsavsetninger.
Ellers domineres landskapet av skogkledde, avrunda åsar med sparsamt morenedekke. Dei høgste åsane i kommunen er i nordvest (Vettakollen, 456 m o.h.). Klimaet er gunstig med eit stort tal årlege soldagar og lang vekstsesong. Årleg nedbør er 1050 mm, med hausten som mest nedbørrike årstid. Månadsmiddeltemperaturen varierer frå -3° i januar til 17° i juli. Om sommaren og hausten er sørvest den dominerande vindretninga; på kysten kan sørvesten ofte komme opp i kuling styrke i haustmånadene. Vinter og vår dominerer ein nordleg frålandsvind.
Heile Larvik ligg i den boreonemorale sona med edellauvskog i solvendt terreng med godt jordsmonn, mens barskog og bjørk pregar landskapet elles. Bøkeskogen er eit kjennemerke for Larvik og ligg over byen som eit grønt tak. Her finn ein restaurant, musikkpaviljong og ei rekke tur- og trimstiar. Eit anna populært turområde er Vestmarka, som ligg mellom Larvik by og Farris.
Stavern er eit populært turistmål om sommaren. «Brunlanes-rivieraen» har eit stort tal campingplassar og hytter. I gamle Hedrum renn den nedre delen av Numedalslågen. Lågen er ei lakseelva og i sesongen kjem det i tillegg til nordmenn spesielt mange danskar og tyskarar hit for å fiske laks.
Larvik er kjent for familieverksemda Treschow-Fritzøe, ein tidlegare industrigigant innanfor trelast og tresliperi, jernverk, mølle m.v. I dag utgjer store skogseigedomar og store areal rundt Farriselva firmaet. Fritzøe Brygge, eit kompleks med husvære, kontor og butikkar, stod ferdig i 2003.
Vitjande i Larvik kan sjå Herregården der grev Ulrik Fredrik Gyldenløve hadde residensen sin. I fjellveggen i Herregårdsbakken finn ein ei rekke inskripsjonar med helsingar frå tidlegare kongebesøk. Larvik kirke er au verd eit besøk, her finn ein blant anna eit unikt bilete måla av Lucas Cranach. Avisa i byen heter Østlands-Posten og kjem ut kvar dag i eit opplag på om lag 14 500 eksemplar.
Ytre Oppedal er ei bygd og et fergested i Gulen kommune i Vestland. Den ligger ved Oppedalsvika på sørsida av Sognefjorden, like øst for Risnefjorden. Bebyggelse og gårdsbruk ligger på begge sider av Oppedalselva, som munner ut like ved fergeleiet.
Fra Ytre Oppedal krysser europavei 39 Sognefjorden med fergestrekningen Lavik-Oppedal. Fra fergeleiet går fylkesvei 8 til nabobygda Indre Oppedal og videre østover langs Sognefjorden.
Ytre Oppedal er ei bygd og ein ferjestad i Gulen kommune i Vestland fylke. Ho ligg ved Oppedalsvika på sørsida av Sognefjorden, like aust for Risnefjorden. Busetnad og gardsbruk ligg på begge sider av Oppedalselva, som munnar ut like ved ferjekaia.
Frå Ytre Oppedal kryssar Europaveg 39 over Sognefjorden med ferjestrekninga Lavik-Oppedal. Frå ferjekaia går Fv8 til nabobygda Indre Oppedal 3 km lengre aust, og fortset derfrå vidare austover langs Sognefjorden.
Naustmiljø i Oppedal er kulturminne.
Photo ID: 81295 Superspeed 1
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blog.modernmechanix.com/1933-marvels-of-the-auto-speed-wo...
1933 Marvels of the Auto Speed World
Great things are stirring in the speed world! Streamlined race cars, modified stock car speed creations, incredibly fast custom-built racers for assaults against time, are all parts of the changing picture of the most heart-gripping, thrilling sport in the world today—auto racing!
by ROBERT M. ROOF and LEW HOLT
WITH a new automobile speed record of 273 miles an hour recently established by Malcolm Campbell, the internationally famous British speed king, and with several new speed creations along novel lines being groomed for entry in the forthcoming Memorial Day racing classic at Indianapolis, 1933 seems destined to be written down large in speedway history.
Just how extensive has been the influence of such ultra-speed cars as Campbell’s Blue Bird, Segrave’s Golden Arrow, and Kaye Don’s Silver Bullet, can be learned from a study of the pictures which accompany this article. On the opposite page is the latest creation of Harry Hartz, American speed pilot, which he calls “The Spirit of ’76.”
This name derives out of the fact that Hartz is going after Malcolm Campbell’s speed record with the intention of restoring the record to American hands. Several well known automotive engineers are behind Hartz in his effort. Trials will be conducted at Muroc Dry Lake in California.
Particular features of “The Spirit of ’76” are the streamlined body, the small radiator opening, the use of a vertical fin to stabilize steering control, and the top enclosure of half the cockpit opposite the driver to offer as slight air resistance as possible.
Much smaller in all dimensions than the Blue Bird, Hartz believes that his creation has an excellent chance to better Campbell’s record because the car is built to do just that one thing. It is much better streamlined than the Blue Bird, and has considerably less weight to push.
Because of its wide departure from A.A.A. specifications for speedway racers, it is unlikely that the Hartz machine will take part in the 500-mile Indianapolis race. But unquestionably it foreshadows the trend of race car development.
Three Types of Racing
Auto racing as it now stands falls into three general classes—races of custom-built superspeed cars against time (such as Campbell’s Blue Bird, which develops such terrific speeds that it would be suicidal to race a companion car simultaneously on the same track); races such as the Memorial Day classic, on speedways whose car specifications are rigidly specified by racing associations; and dirt track racing—likewise
controlled, to a certain degree, by associations, but allowing much more latitude to the individual driver.
In this latter field modified stock car racing is at present enjoying much popularity. Usually the races are run on a percentage basis, 40% of the gate receipts being appropriated as prizes. Stock car racing gives the amateur driver a chance to demonstrate his ability, and it is from these races that owners of high-priced racing cars pick the drivers to pilot their machines on the big-time speedways.
Modified Stock Car Races
Are modified stock cars fast? They most decidedly are. At Funk’s Motor Speedway, Winchester, Indiana, the fastest half-mile dirt track in the country, a Model A 1929 Ford turned one lap just under 26 seconds. Plenty of big time race cars can’t turn in as flashy a performance on the same track.
Certain well known machines are specially suited for modified stock car racing: Fords (Models A, T, and V8), four and six-cylinder Chevrolets, Plymouths, DeSotos, and Studebakers. Pontiacs also are adaptable.
Since this type of race gives the amateur his best chance, requiring nothing very expensive in the way of equipment, a few details will be given. On the morning of the race day stock cars must qualify for their positions in the race. Usually the ten fastest cars are allowed in the main event, the slower ones in a consolation race which gives them a chance to win some money to defray traveling expenses.
Two 10-mile sprints and a 20 or 30-mile feature race usually comprise the program, with a stunt such as a blindfold race occasionally added. In the latter the driver has a black hood completely covering his head, and he steers his race car entirely by sense of feel—that is, he is so familiar with the race track layout, and can sense position so accurately from the banked turns, that vision is unnecessary. When two blindfold drivers start tearing around the track at the same time, the roaring crowd realizes that it’s looking on a real thrill treat.
A white flag is used to start the regular race. The green flag means the driver is starting the last lap, and the checkered flag is the one the boys all hope for, signifying a winner.
Conduct of Dirt Track Races
When starting a race the drivers are lined up in the order they qualified for. The fastest qualifying car is the pole car, which leads the pack around the track until they are lined up for a flying start. The first lap is the most dangerous, as each driver strives to get into the turn first. After this lap they scatter out and the nerve tension of the drivers is somewhat relaxed.
In modifying stock cars for racing, all fenders, headlights, windshields, tops, and other parts that would cause resistance are removed. Beyond this, procedure varies with each model car. Valve ports of the engine are usually bored out, special valves and aluminum racing pistons installed, high compression obtained through use of special heads, and downdraft carburetor and oversize manifold added.
Ignition systems usually require some changes. Every driver knows that the magneto system is faster than the usual battery type. A special racing coil, which has a double winding with 30,000 turns, is usually used in conjunction with the double-breaker Mallory distributor. This combination generates a very hot and fast spark which requires a special metric racing spark plug to withstand it.
Special fuels are, of course, required to get the most out of the cars. High test gasoline would burn up the valves, so a special dope is added to regular gas.
Modified stock car racing has penetrated to all parts of the world. The Grand Prix Race at Stockholm, Sweden, traveling over mountains, frozen lakes, and dangerous passages, is run with stock cars. Even in far away Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, modified stock car races are held.
Editor’s note: Mr. Roof is chief engineer of the R & R Manufacturing Company, Anderson, Indiana, manufacturers of parts for dirt track racers.
Part of my wetshaving gear collection. An Omega brush, and a Vergulde hand brush, a Lord razor, a Gillette 40s Superspeed razor, 4 different kinds of shaving cream, a small bottle of shaving oil, after shave and a latherbowl (free plastic thing from Vergulde Hand) and a couple of packets of razors.
Hirtshals is a town and seaport on the coast of Skagerrak on the island of Vendsyssel-Thy at the top of the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark
Microchip announced its third-generation USB3 Controller Hubs (UCH3s)—the four-member USB553XB-5000 family, which is SuperSpeed Logo Certified by the USB Implementers Forum and is the world’s first to integrate OTP Flash configuration memory. This UCH3 family is also the industry’s most flexible, as it includes a seven-port hybrid version with a certified four-port USB3 hub and three additional USB2 lanes. The remaining three family members feature two-, three- and four-port USB3 hubs, respectively, providing a broad migration path for the designers of PCs, peripherals, computing platforms, storage solutions, networking and consumer devices, set-top boxes, docking stations and monitors. For more info, visit: www.smsc.com/Products/USB/USB_Hubs/Standalone_USB_Hubs/US....
blog.modernmechanix.com/1933-marvels-of-the-auto-speed-wo...
1933 Marvels of the Auto Speed World
Great things are stirring in the speed world! Streamlined race cars, modified stock car speed creations, incredibly fast custom-built racers for assaults against time, are all parts of the changing picture of the most heart-gripping, thrilling sport in the world today—auto racing!
by ROBERT M. ROOF and LEW HOLT
WITH a new automobile speed record of 273 miles an hour recently established by Malcolm Campbell, the internationally famous British speed king, and with several new speed creations along novel lines being groomed for entry in the forthcoming Memorial Day racing classic at Indianapolis, 1933 seems destined to be written down large in speedway history.
Just how extensive has been the influence of such ultra-speed cars as Campbell’s Blue Bird, Segrave’s Golden Arrow, and Kaye Don’s Silver Bullet, can be learned from a study of the pictures which accompany this article. On the opposite page is the latest creation of Harry Hartz, American speed pilot, which he calls “The Spirit of ’76.”
This name derives out of the fact that Hartz is going after Malcolm Campbell’s speed record with the intention of restoring the record to American hands. Several well known automotive engineers are behind Hartz in his effort. Trials will be conducted at Muroc Dry Lake in California.
Particular features of “The Spirit of ’76” are the streamlined body, the small radiator opening, the use of a vertical fin to stabilize steering control, and the top enclosure of half the cockpit opposite the driver to offer as slight air resistance as possible.
Much smaller in all dimensions than the Blue Bird, Hartz believes that his creation has an excellent chance to better Campbell’s record because the car is built to do just that one thing. It is much better streamlined than the Blue Bird, and has considerably less weight to push.
Because of its wide departure from A.A.A. specifications for speedway racers, it is unlikely that the Hartz machine will take part in the 500-mile Indianapolis race. But unquestionably it foreshadows the trend of race car development.
Three Types of Racing
Auto racing as it now stands falls into three general classes—races of custom-built superspeed cars against time (such as Campbell’s Blue Bird, which develops such terrific speeds that it would be suicidal to race a companion car simultaneously on the same track); races such as the Memorial Day classic, on speedways whose car specifications are rigidly specified by racing associations; and dirt track racing—likewise
controlled, to a certain degree, by associations, but allowing much more latitude to the individual driver.
In this latter field modified stock car racing is at present enjoying much popularity. Usually the races are run on a percentage basis, 40% of the gate receipts being appropriated as prizes. Stock car racing gives the amateur driver a chance to demonstrate his ability, and it is from these races that owners of high-priced racing cars pick the drivers to pilot their machines on the big-time speedways.
Modified Stock Car Races
Are modified stock cars fast? They most decidedly are. At Funk’s Motor Speedway, Winchester, Indiana, the fastest half-mile dirt track in the country, a Model A 1929 Ford turned one lap just under 26 seconds. Plenty of big time race cars can’t turn in as flashy a performance on the same track.
Certain well known machines are specially suited for modified stock car racing: Fords (Models A, T, and V8), four and six-cylinder Chevrolets, Plymouths, DeSotos, and Studebakers. Pontiacs also are adaptable.
Since this type of race gives the amateur his best chance, requiring nothing very expensive in the way of equipment, a few details will be given. On the morning of the race day stock cars must qualify for their positions in the race. Usually the ten fastest cars are allowed in the main event, the slower ones in a consolation race which gives them a chance to win some money to defray traveling expenses.
Two 10-mile sprints and a 20 or 30-mile feature race usually comprise the program, with a stunt such as a blindfold race occasionally added. In the latter the driver has a black hood completely covering his head, and he steers his race car entirely by sense of feel—that is, he is so familiar with the race track layout, and can sense position so accurately from the banked turns, that vision is unnecessary. When two blindfold drivers start tearing around the track at the same time, the roaring crowd realizes that it’s looking on a real thrill treat.
A white flag is used to start the regular race. The green flag means the driver is starting the last lap, and the checkered flag is the one the boys all hope for, signifying a winner.
Conduct of Dirt Track Races
When starting a race the drivers are lined up in the order they qualified for. The fastest qualifying car is the pole car, which leads the pack around the track until they are lined up for a flying start. The first lap is the most dangerous, as each driver strives to get into the turn first. After this lap they scatter out and the nerve tension of the drivers is somewhat relaxed.
In modifying stock cars for racing, all fenders, headlights, windshields, tops, and other parts that would cause resistance are removed. Beyond this, procedure varies with each model car. Valve ports of the engine are usually bored out, special valves and aluminum racing pistons installed, high compression obtained through use of special heads, and downdraft carburetor and oversize manifold added.
Ignition systems usually require some changes. Every driver knows that the magneto system is faster than the usual battery type. A special racing coil, which has a double winding with 30,000 turns, is usually used in conjunction with the double-breaker Mallory distributor. This combination generates a very hot and fast spark which requires a special metric racing spark plug to withstand it.
Special fuels are, of course, required to get the most out of the cars. High test gasoline would burn up the valves, so a special dope is added to regular gas.
Modified stock car racing has penetrated to all parts of the world. The Grand Prix Race at Stockholm, Sweden, traveling over mountains, frozen lakes, and dangerous passages, is run with stock cars. Even in far away Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, modified stock car races are held.
Editor’s note: Mr. Roof is chief engineer of the R & R Manufacturing Company, Anderson, Indiana, manufacturers of parts for dirt track racers.
blog.modernmechanix.com/1933-marvels-of-the-auto-speed-wo...
1933 Marvels of the Auto Speed World
Great things are stirring in the speed world! Streamlined race cars, modified stock car speed creations, incredibly fast custom-built racers for assaults against time, are all parts of the changing picture of the most heart-gripping, thrilling sport in the world today—auto racing!
by ROBERT M. ROOF and LEW HOLT
WITH a new automobile speed record of 273 miles an hour recently established by Malcolm Campbell, the internationally famous British speed king, and with several new speed creations along novel lines being groomed for entry in the forthcoming Memorial Day racing classic at Indianapolis, 1933 seems destined to be written down large in speedway history.
Just how extensive has been the influence of such ultra-speed cars as Campbell’s Blue Bird, Segrave’s Golden Arrow, and Kaye Don’s Silver Bullet, can be learned from a study of the pictures which accompany this article. On the opposite page is the latest creation of Harry Hartz, American speed pilot, which he calls “The Spirit of ’76.”
This name derives out of the fact that Hartz is going after Malcolm Campbell’s speed record with the intention of restoring the record to American hands. Several well known automotive engineers are behind Hartz in his effort. Trials will be conducted at Muroc Dry Lake in California.
Particular features of “The Spirit of ’76” are the streamlined body, the small radiator opening, the use of a vertical fin to stabilize steering control, and the top enclosure of half the cockpit opposite the driver to offer as slight air resistance as possible.
Much smaller in all dimensions than the Blue Bird, Hartz believes that his creation has an excellent chance to better Campbell’s record because the car is built to do just that one thing. It is much better streamlined than the Blue Bird, and has considerably less weight to push.
Because of its wide departure from A.A.A. specifications for speedway racers, it is unlikely that the Hartz machine will take part in the 500-mile Indianapolis race. But unquestionably it foreshadows the trend of race car development.
Three Types of Racing
Auto racing as it now stands falls into three general classes—races of custom-built superspeed cars against time (such as Campbell’s Blue Bird, which develops such terrific speeds that it would be suicidal to race a companion car simultaneously on the same track); races such as the Memorial Day classic, on speedways whose car specifications are rigidly specified by racing associations; and dirt track racing—likewise
controlled, to a certain degree, by associations, but allowing much more latitude to the individual driver.
In this latter field modified stock car racing is at present enjoying much popularity. Usually the races are run on a percentage basis, 40% of the gate receipts being appropriated as prizes. Stock car racing gives the amateur driver a chance to demonstrate his ability, and it is from these races that owners of high-priced racing cars pick the drivers to pilot their machines on the big-time speedways.
Modified Stock Car Races
Are modified stock cars fast? They most decidedly are. At Funk’s Motor Speedway, Winchester, Indiana, the fastest half-mile dirt track in the country, a Model A 1929 Ford turned one lap just under 26 seconds. Plenty of big time race cars can’t turn in as flashy a performance on the same track.
Certain well known machines are specially suited for modified stock car racing: Fords (Models A, T, and V8), four and six-cylinder Chevrolets, Plymouths, DeSotos, and Studebakers. Pontiacs also are adaptable.
Since this type of race gives the amateur his best chance, requiring nothing very expensive in the way of equipment, a few details will be given. On the morning of the race day stock cars must qualify for their positions in the race. Usually the ten fastest cars are allowed in the main event, the slower ones in a consolation race which gives them a chance to win some money to defray traveling expenses.
Two 10-mile sprints and a 20 or 30-mile feature race usually comprise the program, with a stunt such as a blindfold race occasionally added. In the latter the driver has a black hood completely covering his head, and he steers his race car entirely by sense of feel—that is, he is so familiar with the race track layout, and can sense position so accurately from the banked turns, that vision is unnecessary. When two blindfold drivers start tearing around the track at the same time, the roaring crowd realizes that it’s looking on a real thrill treat.
A white flag is used to start the regular race. The green flag means the driver is starting the last lap, and the checkered flag is the one the boys all hope for, signifying a winner.
Conduct of Dirt Track Races
When starting a race the drivers are lined up in the order they qualified for. The fastest qualifying car is the pole car, which leads the pack around the track until they are lined up for a flying start. The first lap is the most dangerous, as each driver strives to get into the turn first. After this lap they scatter out and the nerve tension of the drivers is somewhat relaxed.
In modifying stock cars for racing, all fenders, headlights, windshields, tops, and other parts that would cause resistance are removed. Beyond this, procedure varies with each model car. Valve ports of the engine are usually bored out, special valves and aluminum racing pistons installed, high compression obtained through use of special heads, and downdraft carburetor and oversize manifold added.
Ignition systems usually require some changes. Every driver knows that the magneto system is faster than the usual battery type. A special racing coil, which has a double winding with 30,000 turns, is usually used in conjunction with the double-breaker Mallory distributor. This combination generates a very hot and fast spark which requires a special metric racing spark plug to withstand it.
Special fuels are, of course, required to get the most out of the cars. High test gasoline would burn up the valves, so a special dope is added to regular gas.
Modified stock car racing has penetrated to all parts of the world. The Grand Prix Race at Stockholm, Sweden, traveling over mountains, frozen lakes, and dangerous passages, is run with stock cars. Even in far away Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, modified stock car races are held.
Editor’s note: Mr. Roof is chief engineer of the R & R Manufacturing Company, Anderson, Indiana, manufacturers of parts for dirt track racers.
M/S SuperSpeed 1 ble bygget om med ekstra påbygg akter for å få plass til 450 ekstra passasjerer vinteren 2011. Her ses skipet i Hirtshals 19.04.2011. Bildet er tatt fra Fjord Lines HSC Fjord Cat.
Formula Rolon Chevrolet on Display at Chevrolet Stand at the 2006 Speed-Autocar Performance Car Show held at Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai. This is one of the14 cars built that was transported to Mumbai for display by Bharat Petroleum's Speed Petrol stand.
This car is one the of 4 cars from Narain Karthikeyan's NK Racing, which was primarily set-up to groom young racing drivers.
This car on display was the 2006 championship winning car driven by Aidthya Patel .
SuperSpeed 2 going through the light barrier on the way past Odderøya into Kristiansand harbour.
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MS "SuperSpeed 2" is a ferry owned by the Norwegian shipping company Color Line. The ship has several duty-free shops and three restaurants / bars.
On 19 June 2008, the ship was christened in Larvik, while Color Line's new terminal was opened. The following day, on June 20th, "SuperSpeed 2" made it's maiden voyage to Hirtshals.
54 of passenger cabins reserved for professional drivers. In addition to the main engines, the ship has four auxiliary engines, each with performance 3000 kW.
Year built: 2007
Built at: Aker Yards, Rauma, Finland
Register: NOR
Home port: Larvik
Tonnage: 33 500 brt
Length: 211,3 m
Width: 26 m
Draught: 6,5 m
Service speed: 27 knots
Power: 51 408 hk
Max capacity: 2 000
Passenger capacity: 1 929
Number of vehicles: 764
Trailer lane length: 2 036
Decks: 11
A Reims (51), place Royale, vous découvrirez ce monument en hommage à Louis XV. Son inauguration a eu lieu en 1765. Les trois statues ont été réalisées par le sculpteur Jean Baptiste Pigalle. Celle au sommet a été détruite en 1792 lors de la Révolution puis remplacée en 1818 par l'actuelle en bronze créée par Pierre Cartellier, représentant le Roi en empereur romain. Les deux autres à la base du piédestal en marbre sont des allégories du Commerce et de la France. Un beau monument.
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Fujifilm X-M5
7artisans 35mm f/0.95
SOOC
© Maxence Guillaume
When we think of DC comic book icons, who come to mind are the likes Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman even Green Lantern, but there’s one character for me that will always be the unsung hero in my mind of the DC universe and that is the Flash, aka Wally West!
We all know there have been others before the quick witty humored Wally West. Like Jay Garrick of JSA Earth-1, with his famous silver winged hat, and the unforgettable Barry Allen of JLA who gave his life to save Earth from Anti-Monitor in DC’s famous “Crisis on Infinite Earths”.
I even hate to admit this, but it was the first time as a teenager I ever cried over the death of a hero. The magnitude of that story hit me on so many levels at that time how this hero sacrificed his life for a greater cause. Lately heroes and villains are dying almost at a drop of a dime nowadays.
Anyway, overtime reading Flash comics I became fascinated with the term Speed Force. When used correctly it determines one’s extra-dimensional energy force from which most, but not all, superspeed-powered heroes in the DC Comics universe draw their enhanced abilities.
You could do some devastating things once you are able to master the Speed Force. Like move at such great speeds that you can deliver a punch with the force of a dwarf star or produce a wave of motion to rob things of their kinetic energy, an example like stopping bullets in mid-air.
There are quite a few things each speedster of the Flash family tree can do differently, which make The Flash my unique hero of the DC universe.