View allAll Photos Tagged superheated
Locomotive 3237 is a two-cylinder, simple, non-condensing, coal-fired, superheated, ‘Ten-wheel’ 4-6-0 express passenger steam locomotive. In its 78 years of revenue service, from 26 February 1892 to 1 November 1971, 3237 ran a total of 2,225,224 miles or 3,580,790 Kilometres.
30-June-2022: a sudden 1 billion volt lightning bolt falls a short distance from where I was setting the camera for something much more modest.
While the camera was posing for 1 minute, the minimum for the necessary (Trieste) artificial light in this isolated area of the Gulf of Trieste, on the side towards Grado and without any lightning previously, suddenly, a blinding light makes me take a little of fear not having seen where the bolt fell.
Then, looking at the image collected by the camera, with great amazement, I saw that the powerful lightning bolt was taken entirely in the random composition and I could see, from the image at maximum wide angle, with a bit of dismay, that the lightning strike fell rather close (about 1km).
It 's a very rare case (for me) of "brazen luck", but on the verge of a certain physical risk although the probability of being hit is almost nil and it is the only thing I fully rely on during these phenomena.
Generally, lightning strikes can, in isolation, fall outside the storm front that (anyway) generates them, even several kilometers, so, following the evolution of a T-storm may not be enough to say that we are outside the range of cloud-ground positive strikes.
But, directly, in this case there was none T-storm to follow!
There was a condition of widespread instability with various vertically developing clouds, generally of the "Cumulus congestus" classification (not sufficient to generate a thunderstorm with all the trippings of the definition), scattered over the Gulf of Trieste, generating at most a few sporadic heavy drops.
Therefore, no TS or at least no phenomenon that can be defined as such (and the radar confirmed to me the absence of T-storm cores BEFORE and AFTER this powerful thunderbolt), but, although rarely, some lightning strikes can occur without precipitation attached and this happens for the strong potential difference ("electric air") that is created between soil and clouds in particular cases, such as those present that evening, namely:
1) superheated sea surface, over 30°C, with ascending currents/thermals
2) very dry air over a large part of the air column
3) strong gusty wind (Bora, a local wind of katabatic nature), hot, dry and frictional load
4) slightly cooler and humid air at high altitudes
These are conditions that may not be sufficient to form a thunderstorm cell, but an electrical exchange channel is certainly facilitated.
middle of the day, darien, georgia. fleet is here, not out shrimping. i'm not sure why. very hot, very muggy, storms on the way, pent-up, superheated atmosphere ready for some relief, and we wait patiently for the same.
littletinperson
On June 6, 1912 a volcano later named Novarupta sent ash into the sky as high as 20 miles. Ash and pumice from the eruption also rushed down the Ukak River valley as pyroclastic flows and surges moving at more than 100 miles per hour, transforming the valley into 40 square miles of barren ash. Heat trapped in the ash took decades to cool. Any water buried by the ash or that percolated into it flashed into steam. The vents where the superheated steam emerged became the fumaroles that inspired the name Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. (National Park Service)
A steam vent, or fumarole, is an opening in a planet's crust, often in areas surrounding volcanoes, which emits steam and gases. The steam forms when superheated water vaporizes as its pressure drops when it emerges from the ground.
3801 is a two-cylinder simple, non-condensing, superheated, ‘Pacific’ 4-6-2 express passenger steam locomotive. Operated by the New South Wales Government Railways between 1943 and 1976, it is arguably Australia's most famous steam locomotive. I took this shot at the 150th anniversary celebration of railways in New South Wales in 2005.
Here is a link to a video of these locos in action at the 150th Anniversary celebrations: www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1CAAsFBP2s
The final shot of our travels takes us to the United States and to Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, that we have been lucky to visit twice . I have enjoyed this trip I think I will do it next December its a useful antidote to Christmas
The Mammoth Hot Spring is a large complex of hot springs on a hill of travertine in Yellowstone Park. Over thousands of years as hot water from the spring cooled and deposited calcium carbonate (over two tons flow into Mammoth each day in a solution). Although these springs lie outside the caldera boundary, their energy has been attributed to the same magmatic system that fuels other Yellowstone geothermal areas. The hot water that feeds Mammoth comes from Norris Geyser Basin after travelling underground via a fault line that runs through limestone. The limestone from the rock formations along the fault is the source of the calcium carbonate. Shallow circulation along this corridor allows Norris' superheated water to slightly cool before surfacing at Mammoth, generally at about 80 °C.
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Locomotive 3642 is two-cylinder, simple, non-condensing, coal-fired superheated, 4-6-0 36 class express passenger steam locomotive built for the New South Wales Government Railways in 1926 by Clyde Engineering.
When I took this shot at the 150th anniversary celebration of railways in New South Wales in 2005, it was a static exhibit at Sydney Central station due to a failed boiler.
Here is a link to a video of these locos in action at the 150th Anniversary celebrations: www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1CAAsFBP2s
Crystal ridges surround a central core of varied colored quartz as a superheated solution of silicon dioxide created concentric bands of crystal over vast periods of time. Varying amounts of trace minerals, mostly iron, colored the crystals their classic amethyst purple. This specimen, in our collection is 2.5 inches in diameter.
Fumarole di Fosso Pisano.
"A fumarole (or fumerole - the word ultimately comes from the Latin fumus, "smoke") is an opening in a planet's crust, often in areas surrounding volcanoes, which emits steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen sulfide. The steam forms when superheated water vaporizes as its pressure drops when it emerges from the ground. The name solfatara, from the Italian solfo, "sulfur" (via the Sicilian language - compare to the volcano Solfatara), is given to fumaroles that emit sulfurous gases."
[wikipedia]
This array of parabolic dishes was set up in 1981 to collect and concentrate solar energy that in turn produced superheated steam to drive a power generator. The power station was shut down in 2005 and is preserved now as part of Australia's industrial heritage.
The Blue Lagoon (Icelandic: Bláa lónið) is a man-made geothermal spa in southwestern Iceland. The spa is located in a lava field near Grindavík and in front of Mount Þorbjörn on Reykjanes Peninsula, in a location favorable for geothermal power, and is supplied by water used in the nearby Svartsengi geothermal power station. The water is a byproduct from the geothermal power plant where superheated water is vented from the ground near a lava flow and used to run turbines that generate electricity. After going through the turbines, the steam and hot water passes through a heat exchanger to provide heat for a municipal water heating system. Then the water is fed into the lagoon.The water's milky blue shade is due to its high silica content and in the bathing and swimming area of the lagoon the water temperature averages 37–39 °C (99–102 °F).
. . . This is a smaller version of the famous Morning Glory Pool near Old Faithful, but it is in Norris Geyser Basin.
Generally the temperature of the water determines what algae can survive, and hence what color the water appears. Generally the pools like this one are around 160 F (71 C) at the hottest, and the geysers which eject superheated water are much hotter, almost up to the boiling point of water (212 F; 100C)!
Notice the colors change dramatically the farther out from the center of the pool, and the lower the water temperature becomes.
Have a great weekend Facebook, Flickr, and 500px friends!
NGC 1566 is a spiral galaxy in the Dorado constellation, around 60 million light years from earth.
The galaxy is a so-called Seyfert galaxy, meaning it has a highly active and luminous core region. The reason for this is the presence of a supermassive black hole (estimated to be 13 million solar masses) that’s actively consuming matter from the surrounding regions. As matter falls into the black hole, it’s superheated and hence producing huge amounts of radiation/light that we’re able to observe.
Setup:
Planewave CDK24
Moravian C3-61000 Pro
Planewave L-600
Image acquisition details:
20x900” HA
36x600” Luminance
24x600” Red
24x600” Green
24x600” Blue
Captured in Tucson AZ with a modified (830 nm cutoff) camera.
There is a lot going on with a flash, the superheated air, ozone production, radiation in non-visible wavelengths not only infrared but also gamma rays (phys.org/news/2017-10-lightning-afterglow-gamma.html) even the production of anti-matter in the form of anti-electrons (phys.org/news/2017-10-lightning-afterglow-gamma.html). See: www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00395-3
My excitement was peaking about now as I was being helicoptered in and realising I would soon be walking around on an active volcano.
Little did I realise that a helicopter similar to my own, would be blasted off its landing site on the island during an eruption of the volcano. Most of its occupants would not survive.
So I walked to within centimetres of the crater's edge and the boiling cauldron below. And I still regard it as one of the most exciting adventures of my lifetime.
Would I have done it, or would I do it again, knowing the horrific disaster on December 9, 2019 when 22 tourists would be killed when the volcano erupted?
No.
Standing at the edge of the crater, I was in awe at nature's power and wondered at the forces that were playing out underneath the boiling cauldron of sulphur. It was in all honesty, very scary to contemplate.
But did I have a rational sense of all the risks? Had I contemplated that this volcano was shaped like an amphitheatre and that in the event of something untoward, it would be instantaneous and I would have zero chance of escape? That my injuries from a superheated blast of sulphuric acid and steam would be too horrific to contemplate?
Nope. Because I relied on those that brought me here were aware of all the risks to my safety. That's why they made me wear a gas mask and a helmet, right? The "safety briefing" said I shouldn't stand closer than one metre to the crater's edge. I understood that. If the steep edges gave way or I fell into the boiling cauldron of sulphuric acid, there's no way anyone present would be able to save me.
There was no mention of the possibility of a catastrophic eruption. In fact, the reassuring advice was that there were devices installed around the island to constantly monitor volcano activity so that a real time warning could be issued if an eruption was predicted. We would not be allowed to visit the island in that circumstance.
[I have witheld these images from public release until now because I had not published them at the time of the disaster and I did not want to possibly aggravate grief of families in the aftermath. As court proceedings over the disaster have now commenced as of today - 5 March 2021 - in New Zealand, I feel compelled to publish these images together with my commentary, for better or for worse, as to my perceptions before the event.]
Yellowstone National Park
Wyoming
USA
Hot springs are the most common hydrothermal features in Yellowstone. Beginning as precipitation, the water of a hot spring seeps through the bedrock underlying Yellowstone and becomes superheated at depth. An open plumbing system allows the hot water to rise back to the surface unimpeded. Convection currents constantly circulate the water, preventing it from getting hot enough to trigger an eruption.
At times, fierce, boiling waters within a hot spring can explode, shooting water into the air, acting much like a geyser.
Many of the bright colors found in Yellowstone's hydrothermal basins come from "thermophiles" —microorganisms that thrive in hot temperatures. So many individual microorganisms are grouped together, trillions of them that they appear as masses of color.
Different types of thermophiles live at different temperatures within a hot spring and cannot tolerate much cooler or warmer conditions. Yellowstone's hot water systems often show distinct gradations of living, vibrant colors where the temperature limit of one group of microbes is reached, only to be replaced by a different set of thermophiles.
Class J27 steam locomotive 65894 was built at Darlington Works in 1923 as NER locomotive 2392, later became LNER 5894, finally continued working under British Railways in 1948 as 65894
Technical detail specifications of locomotive 65894:
Boiler pressure of 65894: 180 lbf/sq.in superheated.,
Weight of 65894: 47 tons, Wheel diameter of 65894: 4' 7¼'',
Valve gear of 65894: Stephenson Piston valves,
Cylinders (diameter x stroke) of 65894: 18½" x 26" (I),
Tractive effort of 65894: 24640 lbf.,
BR Power classification of 65894: Class 4F, Route availability RA 5
The sun sets over a section of the Blue Lagoon which is located in the Svartsengi geothermal field, about 2.5 mile (4 km) north of the village of Grindavík. The location's name, Svartsengi, means "black field" in Icelandic and is appropriate given that the station is located on a 800 year old basaltic lava flow called Illahraun. The geothermal field is one of several located in the Reykjanes Volcanic Field which is a direct continuance of the North Atlantic Ridge on to the Island of Iceland. Illahraun was extruded during the most recent eruptions in the volcanic field which was called by the Vikings the Reykjaneseldar (Reykjanes Fires). These eruptions on the Peninsula occurred between 1210 to 1240. The strong seismic (earthquake) activity and constant eruptions traumatized and terrified the Norse settlers. That fact is obvious in the names they applied to the events. Illahrun means in "Lava of horror" in Icelandic. The movement of magma underground and along faults caused elevation changes on the Peninsula. Illahrun cooled quickly it moved toward the sea. The basaltic lava that dominates the flow is aa. This lava is characterized by a rough or rubbly surface composed of broken lava blocks called clinkers. The clinker-covered surface actually covers a massive dense core, which was the most active part of the flow. As the pasty lava in the core traveled downslope, the clinkers were carried along at the surface. At the leading edge of an aa flow, however, these cooled fragments tumble down and are buried by the advancing flow. This produces a layer of lava fragments both at the bottom and top of an aa flow. This blocky rough surface on the solidified lava flow is obvious in the photo.
The water in the photo discharges from the geothermal plant. The first phase of the electric power station was built in 1976. It was the world'´s first geothermal power plant that produced both electric and hot water for teleheating (district heating). Such systems distribute heat generated in a centralized location for residential and commercial heating requirements such as space heating and water heating. Water discharge from the plant was released into the fracture filled lava field. Unexpectedly, silica quickly sealed the fractures and vesicles and pools of water formed in the low spots with in the black volcanic field. Waste water containing sulfur, silica, salts and algae was building up in the lava flow due to mistakes and miscalculations on the part of the Utility Company. The power company fenced the area off but its own workers would soak in the waters. One of them had psoriasis. After some time of bathing in the muddy pools outside of his work place his condition began to improve at a speed so alarming that it made his doctor curious. The doctor began a research on the water. He found out that it was not only non-toxic, it also had massive health benefits for people suffering of many kinds of skin ailments. In 1981, It became known as Bláa Lónið, The Blue Lagoon. People started bathing in it when its supposed healing powers were popularized. In 1992, the Blue Lagoon company was established, and the bathing facility was opened for the public. Now advertised as a spa, its prices are high even for Iceland.The water shown in this photo is outside the swimming area. A trail that goes around this part of the flooded basalt flow. The white lining is sinter, silica that has precipitated out of the water. The waterâs milky color is due to silica that is in solution. At the source, the temperature of the geothermal fluid in the wells is superheated to 240°C (464°F). However the water that comes out of the power plant in to the Blue Lagoon averages 37-39 °C (99-102°F).
Studies show that over 80% of the tourists that visit Iceland go to the Blue Lagoon. It is considered by many to be one of the top natural wonders in Iceland. In fact in its "Wonders of the World" edition, National Geographic listed the Blue Lagoon in Iceland as one of the most impressive wonders of the world. A wonder, it may be but natural it is not. The hot water may be natural, the silica is natural but the silica rich warm water ponded in the craggy basalt flow is not natural or normal. What is a wonder is why the power utility was allowed to dump its mineral filled water in the natural environment. That would have led to fines in other countries. My family really enjoyed the place. I loved the photos I took but it is not a natural hot spring or fed by natural hot springs. Despite the beauty and praise, it is still a power plant!
The power station,was constructed in six sequent phases (finished in 2008), in each phase they built a new power plant, so the generation capacity increased to 150 MWth for the district heating and the nameplate capacity to 75 MW for electricity power. The Svartsengi Power Station is the only heating system for the local district on the Reykjanes Peninsula, which pipes hot geothermal water to more than 21,000 households
references:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartsengi_Power_Station
www.visitreykjanes.is/en/travel/places/nature/reykjanes
www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC6HQ0X_lava-field-illahraun?...
blogs.transparent.com/icelandic/2013/05/27/the-wonderful-...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Lagoon_(geothermal_spa)
landlopers.com/2012/03/04/blue-lagoon-iceland
Yellowstone National Park
Wyoming
USA
Hot springs are the most common hydrothermal features in Yellowstone. Beginning as precipitation, the water of a hot spring seeps through the bedrock underlying Yellowstone and becomes superheated at depth. An open plumbing system allows the hot water to rise back to the surface unimpeded. Convection currents constantly circulate the water, preventing it from getting hot enough to trigger an eruption.
At times, fierce, boiling waters within a hot spring can explode, shooting water into the air, acting much like a geyser.
Many of the bright colors found in Yellowstone's hydrothermal basins come from "thermophiles" — microorganisms that thrive in hot temperatures. So many individual microorganisms are grouped together—trillions! — that they appear as masses of color.
Different types of thermophiles live at different temperatures within a hot spring and cannot tolerate much cooler or warmer conditions. Yellowstone's hot water systems often show distinct gradations of living, vibrant colors where the temperature limit of one group of microbes is reached, only to be replaced by a different set of thermophiles.
The most popular outdoor spa in Iceland is the Blue Lagoon, which is actually man-made. It uses mineral-rich water from the nearby geothermal power plants where superheated water from far underground is used to run turbines that generate electricity. The milky blue shade colour comes from the water's high silica content and the temperature is just right around 38oC (100oF).
10/10/2020 www.allenfotowild.com
GWR Bulldog Class 3434 Joseph Shaw
Location Didcot MPD 12.9.1935..
Built unnamed August 1906 as number 3724. Superheating fitted March 1911. Named October 1917. May 1922 shed allocation Reading. Last shed allocation Didcot. Withdrawn July 1937..
Copyright R K Blencowe= Negative Archive.
Photo purchased at a photo fair and tidied up in Lightroom.
super d class 0-8-0 49395 near glyndyfrdwy with a demonstration freight banked by a great western large prairie tank
built at crewe in june 1921 it is one of the few surviving examples of a locomotive of the london and north western railway , the super d gained it's title simply because it was a superheated class d loco
these locos were none too popular with non lnwr crews unused to working on them , and were sometimes called "stupid d's"
46115 Scots Guardsman crosses Aisgill Viaduct at Mallerstang. It was the hottest day of the year which resulted in a steamless display however the soundtrack was something to behold.
Here she is seen with the return leg of the 1419 Carlisle to Euston Cumbrian Mountain Express climbing towards Aisgill summit without the customary Class 47 on the rear.
The shot you see does not show the actual geothermal spa of the Blue Lagoon itself, but the area just outside. This area in the lava fields of the volcanic peninsula of Reykjanes is filled with a surplus of seawater that comes from the Svartsengi geothermal power station where also the bathing and swimming area of the Blue Lagoon derives its water from.
The unique milky blue color from the water in the Blue Lagoon can be explained by the high contents of silica, an element that reflects visible light when suspended in water. Silica, being a compound of lava, merges with geothermal seawater deep underground and when the superheated water, originally measuring 240º C under big pressure, comes to the surface and changes into a white mud. At the surface though the water has a comfortable temperature of 37-40º Celcius.
It had been very cold for several days in a row so that the water in liquid form had changed into a frozen pool. But of course the bathing area of the Blue Lagoon always keeps a comfortable temperature.
The rough irregularly shaped rough lava rocks are even more accentuated in their diversity by the variety of shapes and patterns of the frozen water.
"Instead of gushing geysers or bubbling mud pots, visitors are met with an alien landscape of white travertine terraces.
How Are The Mammoth Hot Springs Terraces Made?
It all starts with precipitation, either rain or snow. All that meteoric (atmospheric) water percolates its way down through the rocks and into underground magma chambers, picking up limestone along the way.
When the superheated water rises and re-emerges through cracks and springs, it carries with it all of that dissolved limestone and minerals. As the water cools, it redeposits the limestone as something called travertine."
From www.shakaguide.com/article/yellowstone/mammoth-hot-spring....
Mammoth Hot Springs is a large complex of hot springs on a hill of travertine in Yellowstone National Park adjacent to Fort Yellowstone and the Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District. It was created over thousands of years as hot water from the spring cooled and deposited calcium carbonate (over two tons flow into Mammoth each day in a solution). Because of the huge amount of geothermal vents, travertine flourishes. Although these springs lie outside the caldera boundary, their energy has been attributed to the same magmatic system that fuels other Yellowstone geothermal areas.
The hot water that feeds Mammoth comes from Norris Geyser Basin after traveling underground via a fault line that runs through limestone and roughly parallel to the Norris-to-Mammoth road. The limestone from rock formations along the fault is the source of the calcium carbonate. Shallow circulation along this corridor allows Norris's superheated water to slightly cool before surfacing at Mammoth, generally at about 170 °F (80 °C). Algae living in the warm pools have tinted the travertine shades of brown, orange, red, and green. -Wikipedia
The shot you see does not show the actual geothermal spa of the Blue Lagoon itself, but the area just outside. This area in the lava fields of the volcanic peninsula of Reykjanes is filled with a surplus of seawater that comes from the Svartsengi geothermal power station where also the bathing and swimming area of the Blue Lagoon derives its water from.
The unique milky blue color from the water in the Blue Lagoon can be explained by the high contents of silica, an element that reflects visible light when suspended in water. Silica, being a compound of lava, merges with geothermal seawater deep underground and when the superheated water, originally measuring 240º C under big pressure, comes to the surface and changes into a white mud. At the surface though the water has a comfortable temperature of 37-40º Celcius.
It had been very cold for several days in a row so that the water in liquid form had changed into a frozen pool. But of course the bathing area of the Blue Lagoon always keeps a nice temperature.
The rough irregularly shaped rough lava rocks are even more accentuated in their diversity by the variety of shapes and patterns of the frozen water.
Two 4-4-0 locomotives at the Great Central Autumn Gala last year, and arguably two of the best 4-4-0 designs in the UK
The Drummond LSWR T9 was a simple rugged two cylinder engine which was successful from when first built in 1899, and improved during a 60 working lifespan by superheating and having the cylinders bored out. There light weight enabled them to be useful on the Southern Railways lines in Devon and Cornwall up to the 1960s.
The Southern Railway Schools Class was the most powerful 4-4-0 in Europe despite being built to a restricted loading gauge to suit the Hastings Line. Bult between 1930 and 1935 they had a shorter working life, all having been withdrawn by the end of 1962
The Blue Lagoon, not far from the keyflavik airport, 40 minutes SW of Reykjavik, capital town of Iceland - In 1976 a pool formed at the site from the waste water of the geothermal power plant that had just been built there. In 1981 people started bathing in it after the discovery of its healing powers for psoriasis.
The lagoon is a 200 meters long man-made lagoon which is fed by the water output of the nearby geothermal power plant Svartsengi and is renewed every two days. Superheated water is vented from the ground near a lava flow and used to run turbines that generate electricity. After going through the turbines, the steam and hot water passes through a heat exchanger to provide heat for a municipal water heating system. Then the water is fed into the lagoon for recreational and medicinal users to bathe in.
Le Lagon Bleu est en réalité le nom d’une station thermale située à 40 minutes au sud-ouest de Reykjavik, la capitale de l’Islande. Le lac de plus de 200 mètres de long situé en plein coeur d’une zone volcanique a vu le jour en 1976, suite à une fuite provenant de la centrale géothermique de Svartsengi. Grâce aux algues qui prolifèrent, l’eau a pris une couleur bleue unique au monde et a commencé à attirer les touristes. Le complexe de détente ainsi que la clinique ont été conçus par l’architecte Sigríður Sigþórsdóttir. Chacun des bâtiments respecte l’environnement et la géologie du lieu.
Les propriétés médicinales du lagon ont aujourd’hui acquis une renommée internationale, notamment pour soigner les maladies de peau telles que le psoriasis. Les nageurs apprécient aussi s’appliquer l’argile bleue sur le visage. L’eau du lagon reste à une température comprise entre 30 et 39 degrés Celsius toute l’année. On trouve autour du site un spa, un sauna, un bain bouillonnant et un centre de massage avec chute d’eau.
Please do NOT USE on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission.
Thanks for the visit, comments, awards, invitations and favorites.
prière de ne PAS utiliser sur les sites webs, blogs et autres médias sans ma permission explicite
Merci pour votre visite, vos commentaires, awards, favoris et invitations
Now, this is the sort of climbing apparatus I would have loved to play on as a child.
This old metre gauge locomotive can be found in a children's play ground in Bregenz on the shores of Lake Constance. I have tried to find out a little history of the locomotive but data is very scarce online. I do know that the Bregenz Forest Railway ran from Bregenz to Bezau between 1902 and 1983. It was metre gauge so I guess there is a good chance that this locomotive once worked that 20 mile route.
In the meantime kids old and young will spend time climbing on it or scrawling all over it.
Here is a little detail about the locomotive that has been provided by TrainsandTravel
ÖBB Class Uh 0-6-2T 498.03 (Krauss/1929).The Uh locos were an enlarged, superheated and more powerful version of the older class U locos. Six were built with Caprotti valve gear between 1928 and 1930 and a further two with Lenz valve gear in 1931. 498.03 is the third of the Caprotti locos and was formerly Uh.03. A seventh loco with Caprotti valve gear was built in 1930 for the Zillertalbahn. It was converted to Lenz valve gear in 1941 and is in service today as No 5 "GERLOS".
I don't believe this! Twice I tried to post another shot of Mammoth Hot Springs, and the "upload failed." You know that I usually describe the image and circumstances in detail, but when there is a failure, I lose all that I have said.
Briefly, for the first time in seven visits to Yellowstone, I finally had some puffy clouds to enhance some of the photos. In this one, the clouds were to the south and constantly changing the colors of the Springs. This was the first time that the browns and golds were deep and rich. I promised two years ago to post photos of Mammoth with clouds: be patient. I always keep my promises, just not on any schedule.
The hot water that feeds Mammoth comes from Norris Geyser Basin after traveling underground via a fault line that runs through limestone and roughly parallel to the Norris-to-Mammoth road. The limestone from rock formations along the fault is the source of the calcium carbonate. Shallow circulation along this corridor allows Norris's superheated water to slightly cool before surfacing at Mammoth, generally at about 170 °F (80 °C). Algae living in the warm pools have tinted the travertine shades of brown, orange, red, and green.
Elk on travertine terraces, Mammoth Hot Springs
Thermal activity here is extensive both over time and distance. The thermal flows show much variability with some variations taking place over periods ranging from decades to days. Terrace Mountain (shown here) at Mammoth Hot Springs is the largest known carbonate-depositing spring in the world. The most famous feature at the springs is the Minerva Terrace, a series of travertine terraces.
This image is included in 4 galleries 1) " 2018 SPECIAL AUTHORS *INTERPHOTO*" curated by Gianfranco Marzetti, 2) "natural rock formations" by Yousaf Ejaz, 3) "Wonderful Landscapes and seascapes 2" by Glass Angel and 4) "LANDSCAPE VOL 18" by Jean-paul Vancoppenolle.
Mammoth Hot Springs is a large complex of hot springs on a hill of travertine adjacent to Fort Yellowstone and the Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District. It was created over thousands of years as hot water from the spring cooled and deposited calcium carbonate (over two tons flow into Mammoth each day in a solution). Because of the huge amount of geothermal vents, travertine flourishes. Although these springs lie outside the caldera boundary, their energy has been attributed to the same magmatic system that fuels other Yellowstone geothermal areas.
The hot water that feeds Mammoth comes from Norris Geyser Basin after traveling underground via a fault line that runs through limestone and roughly parallel to the Norris-to-Mammoth road. The limestone from rock formations along the fault is the source of the calcium carbonate. Shallow circulation along this corridor allows Norris' superheated water to slightly cool before surfacing at Mammoth, generally at about 170 °F (80 °C). Algae living in the warm pools have tinted the travertine shades of brown, orange, red, and green.
Thermal activity here is extensive both over time and distance. The thermal flows show much variability with some variations taking place over periods ranging from decades to days. Terrace Mountain at Mammoth Hot Springs is the largest known carbonate-depositing spring in the world. The most famous feature at the springs is the Minerva Terrace, a series of travertine terraces. The terraces have been deposited by the spring over many years but, due to recent minor earthquake activity, the spring vent has shifted, rendering the terraces dry.
This image is included in a gallery "natural rock formations" curated by Yousaf Ejaz
Mammoth Hot Springs is a large complex of hot springs on a hill of travertine adjacent to Fort Yellowstone and the Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District. It was created over thousands of years as hot water from the spring cooled and deposited calcium carbonate (over two tons flow into Mammoth each day in a solution). Because of the huge amount of geothermal vents, travertine flourishes. Although these springs lie outside the caldera boundary, their energy has been attributed to the same magmatic system that fuels other Yellowstone geothermal areas.
The hot water that feeds Mammoth comes from Norris Geyser Basin after traveling underground via a fault line that runs through limestone and roughly parallel to the Norris-to-Mammoth road. The limestone from rock formations along the fault is the source of the calcium carbonate. Shallow circulation along this corridor allows Norris' superheated water to slightly cool before surfacing at Mammoth, generally at about 170 °F (80 °C). Algae living in the warm pools have tinted the travertine shades of brown, orange, red, and green.
Thermal activity here is extensive both over time and distance. The thermal flows show much variability with some variations taking place over periods ranging from decades to days. Terrace Mountain at Mammoth Hot Springs is the largest known carbonate-depositing spring in the world. The most famous feature at the springs is the Minerva Terrace, a series of travertine terraces. The terraces have been deposited by the spring over many years but, due to recent minor earthquake activity, the spring vent has shifted, rendering the terraces dry.
Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi in Indonesian language, is a conical volcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. Its name means Mountain of Fire. It is very close to the city of Yogyakarta, and thousands of people live on the flanks of the volcano.
Although smoke can be seen emerging from the mountain top at least 300 days a year, several eruptions have caused fatalities. Hot gas from a large explosion killed 43 people in 1994, mostly in the town of Muntilan, west of the volcano. Another large eruption occurred in 2006, shortly before the Yogyakarta earthquake. In light of the hazards that Merapi poses to populated areas, it has been designated as one of the Decade Volcanoes.
In April 2006, increased seismicity at more regular intervals and a detected bulge in the volcano's cone indicated that fresh eruptions were imminent. Authorities put the volcano's neighboring villages on high alert and local residents prepared for a likely evacuation. On April 19 smoke from the crater reached a height of 400 metres, compared to 75 metres the previous day. On April 23, after nine surface tremors and some 156 multifaced quakes signalled movements of magma, some 600 elderly and infant residents of the slopes were evacuated.
By early May, active lava flows had begun. On May 11, with lava flow beginning to be constant, some 17,000 people were ordered to be evacuated from the area and on May 13, Indonesian authorities raised the alert status to the highest level, ordering the immediate evacuation of all residents on the mountain. Many villagers defied the dangers posed by the volcano and returned to their villages, fearing that their livestock and crops would be vulnerable to theft. Activity calmed by the middle of May.
On May 27, a 6.2 magnitude earthquake struck roughly 30 miles southwest of Merapi, killing at least 5,000 and leaving at least 200,000 people homeless in the Yogyakarta region, heightening fears that Merapi will blow The quake did not appear to be a long-period oscillation, a seismic disturbance class that is increasingly associated with major volcanic eruptions. A further 11,000 villagers were evacuated on June 6 as lava and superheated clouds of gas poured repeatedly down its upper slopes. The pyroclastic flows are known locally as wedhus gembel (Javanese for shaggy goat).
NGC 6302 is a bipolar planetary nebula in the constellation Scorpius. It is also known the Bug Nebula, Butterfly Nebula, or Caldwell 69.
NGC 6302 resembles a butterfly with its wings outstretched. It is perhaps one of the most complex ever observed planetary nebulae. It has many dramatic areas, some containing roiling cauldrons of superheated gas along the areas resembling wings too thick dust concealing its heart. Superheated gas is moving through space at more than 950 000 kilometres per hour. At that speed, you could travel from the Earth to the Moon in around 24 minutes! Incredible.
The central star is one of the hottest stars known, with a surface temperature in excess of 250,000 degrees Celsius. This suggests that the star must have been enormous.
These cosmic trainwrecks always seem to leave the most beautiful structures in their wake. I created this image using cooled CCD monochromatic astronomical cameras with seven filters. A luminance filter captured most of the detail, followed by red, green, and blue filters to fill cre ate a traditional colour image. I then used SII, Ha, and OIII narrowband for a bit of extra structure and additional hues to balance the shot while trying to retain a traditional RGB colour image.
Instruments:
Telescope: 10" Ritchey-Chrétien RCOS
Camera: SBIG STL-11000 Mono
Mount: Astro-Physics AP-900
Focal Length: 2310.00 mm
Pixel size: 9.00 um
Resolution: 0.82 arcsec/pix
Exposure Details:
Red 18X600
Green 12X600
Blue 19X600
Lum 59X600
Ha 29X1200
SII 15X1200
OIII 28X1200
Total Exposure: 42 Hours
Thanks for looking
The magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 2276 looks a bit lopsided in this Hubble Space Telescope snapshot. A bright hub of older yellowish stars normally lies directly in the center of most spiral galaxies. But the bulge in NGC 2276 looks offset to the upper left.
What's going on?
In reality, a neighboring galaxy to the right of NGC 2276 (NGC 2300, not seen here) is gravitationally tugging on its disk of blue stars, pulling the stars on one side of the galaxy outward to distort the galaxy's normal fried-egg appearance.
This sort of "tug-of-war" between galaxies that pass close enough to feel each other's gravitational pull is not uncommon in the universe. But, like snowflakes, no two close encounters look exactly alike.
In addition, newborn and short-lived massive stars form a bright, blue arm along the upper left edge of NGC 2276. They trace out a lane of intense star formation. This may have been triggered by a prior collision with a dwarf galaxy. It could also be due to NGC 2276 plowing into the superheated gas that lies among galaxies in galaxy clusters. This would compress the gas to precipitate into stars, and trigger a firestorm of starbirth.
The spiral galaxy lies 120 million light-years away, in the northern constellation Cepheus.
Credits: Publication Partners: NASA, ESA, STScI, Paul Sell (University of Florida)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.
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This image is included in 3 galleries :- 1) " 2018 SPECIAL AUTHORS * INTERPHOTO * " curated by Gianfranco Marzetti, 2) "USA" by Dirk Rosseel and 3) "Memories of Travels" by RD Glamour Photography.
Mammoth Hot Springs is a large complex of hot springs on a hill of travertine adjacent to Fort Yellowstone and the Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District. It was created over thousands of years as hot water from the spring cooled and deposited calcium carbonate (over two tons flow into Mammoth each day in a solution). Because of the huge amount of geothermal vents, travertine flourishes. Although these springs lie outside the caldera boundary, their energy has been attributed to the same magmatic system that fuels other Yellowstone geothermal areas.
The hot water that feeds Mammoth comes from Norris Geyser Basin after traveling underground via a fault line that runs through limestone and roughly parallel to the Norris-to-Mammoth road. The limestone from rock formations along the fault is the source of the calcium carbonate. Shallow circulation along this corridor allows Norris' superheated water to slightly cool before surfacing at Mammoth, generally at about 170 °F (80 °C). Algae living in the warm pools have tinted the travertine shades of brown, orange, red, and green.
Thermal activity here is extensive both over time and distance. The thermal flows show much variability with some variations taking place over periods ranging from decades to days. Terrace Mountain at Mammoth Hot Springs is the largest known carbonate-depositing spring in the world. The most famous feature at the springs is the Minerva Terrace, a series of travertine terraces. The terraces have been deposited by the spring over many years but, due to recent minor earthquake activity, the spring vent has shifted, rendering the terraces dry.
The lagoon is a man-made lagoon which is fed by the water output of the nearby geothermal power plant . Superheated water is vented from the ground near a lava flow and used to run turbines that generate electricity. After going through the turbines, the steam and hot water passes through a heat exchanger to provide heat for a municipal water heating system. Then the water is fed into the lagoon.
The rich mineral content is provided by the underground geological layers and pushed up to the surface by the hot water (at about 1.2 MPa (170 psi) pressure and 240 °C (464 °F) temperature) used by the plant. Because of its mineral concentration, water cannot be recycled and must be disposed of in the nearby landscape, a permeable lava field that varies in thickness from 50 cm (20 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft). The silicate minerals is the primary cause of that water's milky blue shade. After the minerals have formed a deposit, the water reinfiltrates the ground, but the deposit renders it impermeable over time, hence the necessity for the plant to continuously dig new ponds in the nearby lava field.
Built by Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 5917 is preserved in operational condition and operated by Lachlan Valley Railway. Locomotive 5917 is a two-cylinder, simple, non-condensing, superheated, coal-fired, 2-8-2 ‘Mikado' steam locomotive and one of five D59 class locomotives that have been preserved.
Here 5917 enters Wauchope rail yard on the morning of August 23rd, 2015.
0912
"Instead of gushing geysers or bubbling mud pots, visitors are met with an alien landscape of white travertine terraces.
How Are The Mammoth Hot Springs Terraces Made?
It all starts with precipitation, either rain or snow. All that meteoric (atmospheric) water percolates its way down through the rocks and into underground magma chambers, picking up limestone along the way.
When the superheated water rises and re-emerges through cracks and springs, it carries with it all of that dissolved limestone and minerals. As the water cools, it redeposits the limestone as something called travertine."
From www.shakaguide.com/article/yellowstone/mammoth-hot-spring....
This image is included in a gallery:- 1) "earth from the top" curated by Yousaf Ejaz and 2) "natural rock formations" by Yousaf Ejaz.
Mammoth Hot Springs is a large complex of hot springs on a hill of travertine adjacent to Fort Yellowstone and the Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District. It was created over thousands of years as hot water from the spring cooled and deposited calcium carbonate (over two tons flow into Mammoth each day in a solution). Because of the huge amount of geothermal vents, travertine flourishes. Although these springs lie outside the caldera boundary, their energy has been attributed to the same magmatic system that fuels other Yellowstone geothermal areas.
The hot water that feeds Mammoth comes from Norris Geyser Basin after traveling underground via a fault line that runs through limestone and roughly parallel to the Norris-to-Mammoth road. The limestone from rock formations along the fault is the source of the calcium carbonate. Shallow circulation along this corridor allows Norris' superheated water to slightly cool before surfacing at Mammoth, generally at about 170 °F (80 °C). Algae living in the warm pools have tinted the travertine shades of brown, orange, red, and green.
Thermal activity here is extensive both over time and distance. The thermal flows show much variability with some variations taking place over periods ranging from decades to days. Terrace Mountain at Mammoth Hot Springs is the largest known carbonate-depositing spring in the world. The most famous feature at the springs is the Minerva Terrace, a series of travertine terraces. The terraces have been deposited by the spring over many years but, due to recent minor earthquake activity, the spring vent has shifted, rendering the terraces dry.
Since summer is around the corner, I reprocessed my M8 and M20 picture from last year.
The Lagoon (M8) and Trifid Nebula (M20) are located in the Sagittarius region of the Milky Way. The Lagoon Nebula is also one of only two nebula that are visible with the Naked Eye. Both are emission nebula and are literal star factories, with their superheated gasses creating a beautiful glow. The Lagoon Nebula (left) is located approximately 5,200 light years away and the Trifid Nebula is about 9,000 light years away. Also pictured just above the Trifid nebula is M21 (NGC6531) or “Webs Cross”.
Shot on a ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro
51X300s exposures for
4.1 total hours of integration time
TS Optics 90mm APO Telescope.
Skywatcher EQ6R mount.
Bortle 5 west of the DFW area.
Mammoth Hot Springs is a large complex of hot springs on a hill of travertine in Yellowstone National Park. It was created over thousands of years as hot water from the spring cooled and deposited calcium carbonate (over two tons flow into Mammoth each day in a solution). Because of the huge amount of geothermal vents, travertine flourishes. Although these springs lie outside the caldera boundary, their energy has been attributed to the same magmatic system that fuels other Yellowstone geothermal areas.
The hot water that feeds Mammoth comes from Norris Geyser Basin after traveling underground via a fault line that runs through limestone and roughly parallel to the Norris-to-Mammoth road. The limestone from rock formations along the fault is the source of the calcium carbonate. Shallow circulation along this corridor allows Norris's superheated water to slightly cool before surfacing at Mammoth, generally at about 170 °F (80 °C). Algae living in the warm pools have tinted the travertine shades of brown, orange, red, and green.[8]
Old Faithful is a cone geyser located in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone Park in Wyoming, USA. It was named in 1870 during the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition and was the first geyser in the park to receive a name. It is a highly predictable geothermal feature.
More than 1,000,000 eruptions have been recorded. Harry Woodward first described a mathematical relationship between the duration and intervals of the eruptions in 1938. Old Faithful is not the tallest or largest geyser in the park; those titles belong to the less predictable Steamboat Geyser. The reliability of Old Faithful can be attributed to the fact that it is not connected to any other thermal features of the Upper Geyser Basin. Eruptions can shoot 3,700 to 8,400 US gallons (14,000 to 32,000 L) of boiling water to a height of 106 to 185 feet (32 to 56 m) lasting from 1.5 to 5 minutes. The average height of an eruption is 145 feet (44 m). Intervals between eruptions can range from 35 to 120 minutes, averaging 66.5 minutes in 1939, slowly increasing to an average of 90 minutes apart today, which may be the result of earthquakes affecting subterranean water levels. The disruptions have made earlier mathematical relationships inaccurate, but have actually made Old Faithful more predictable in terms of its next eruption. The time between eruptions has a bimodal distribution, with the mean interval being either 65 or 91 minutes, and is dependent on the length of the prior eruption. Within a margin of error of ±10 minutes, Old Faithful will erupt either 65 minutes after an eruption lasting less than 2.5 minutes, or 91 minutes after an eruption lasting more than 2.5 minutes.
Between 1983 and 1994, four probes containing temperature and pressure measurement devices and video equipment were lowered into Old Faithful. The probes were lowered as deep as 72 feet (22 m). Temperature measurements of the water at this depth was 244 °F (118 °C), the same as was measured in 1942. The video probes were lowered to a maximum depth of 42 feet (13 m) to observe the conduit formation and the processes that took place in the conduit. Some of the processes observed include fog formation from the interaction of cool air from above mixing with heated air from below, the recharge processes of water entering into the conduit and expanding from below, and entry of superheated steam measuring as high as 265 °F (129 °C) into the conduit.
Galaxy clusters are the largest objects in the universe held together by gravity. They contain enormous amounts of superheated gas, with temperatures of tens of millions of degrees, which glows brightly in X-rays, and can be observed across millions of light years between the galaxies. This image of the Abell 2744 galaxy cluster combines X-rays from Chandra (diffuse blue emission) with optical light data from Hubble (red, green, and blue).
Image credit: NASA/CXC; Optical: NASA/STScI
#NASA #MarshallSpaceFlightCenter #MSFC #Marshall #chandraxrayobservatory #ChandraXRay #cxo #chandra #astronomy #space #astrophysics #nasamarshallspaceflightcenter #solarsystemandbeyond #galaxy #galaxycluster #GoddardSpaceFlightCenter #GSFC #Hubble #HST #HubbleSpaceTelescope
Ok1 is the Polish designation of a Prussian steam locomotive, the Prussian P 8, used on Polish State Railways. Production of the P 8 lasted from 1908 until 1928 and this locomotive was used on practically all European railway lines.
After the end of World War I, 192 Class P 8 engines were handed over as a reparation to Poland, including two machines for Free City of Danzig, where they were re-designated as Class Ok1 locomotives (numbers: Ok1-1 to Ok1-190 and Ok1-1Dz and 2Dz for Danzig machines).[1] Since the class was considered successful, further 65 locomotives were built in Germany at Polish order in 1922-1923 (designated Ok1-201 to 265).
During World War II all the locomotives were captured by the Germans or Soviets and most were pressed into the German Railways. After the war, along with new war reparations, Poland received 429 locomotives P 8 (numbers Ok1-1 to 429), what made it by far the most numerous passenger locomotive in the country. They were used until the late 1970s - last locomotive was withdrawn from line service in 1981. A few engines were preserved, including Ok1-359 (see the photograph), which is stabled at the Wolsztyn museum. (Wiki)
Kębłowo (deutsch: Kiebel) ist ein Dorf in Polen, in der Gemeinde Wolsztyn, in der Woiwodschaft Großpolen. Der Ort liegt ca. 8 Kilometer südlich von Wolsztyn und 67 Kilometer südwestlich von Posen. Sehenswert sind hier eine Pfarrkirche, die in den Jahren 1852–1857 erbaut wurde und eine Holzkirche. Von 1320 bis 1883 hatte Kębłowo die Stadtrechte. (Wiki)
2-3-1999
NEG26710
The Snowdon Mountain Railway is a narrow gauge rack and pinion mountain railway in Gwynedd, north-west Wales. It is a tourist railway that travels for from Llanberis to the summit of Snowdon, the highest peak in Wales.
In Engine Number 3, and some others, the boilers are inclined on the locomotives, to ensure that the boiler tubes and the firebox remain submerged when on the gradient, a standard practice on mountain railways – the locomotive always runs chimney-first up the mountain. The water gauges (gauge glasses) are mounted half at the centre on the locomotive so that the water level does not change with the gradient. One result of the boiler's angle is that the firehole door is at waist height, requiring the fireman to lift the coal some distance.
The boiler is not superheated. Water is carried in tanks that run the full length of the boiler, but not all this water is for use in the boiler. The tanks are in fact divided into two sections, the smaller front section holding water that is used for cooling when the engine is running downhill. The drive to the wheels is through a series of levers that allow the pistons to have a longer stroke than the cranks. This is another common feature in mountain railways.