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Les Rencôntres d'Arles 2015
Le Café la Nuit in Arles, Place de Forum
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Arles
Arles is located in France
Arles is located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Coordinates: 43°40′36″N 4°37′40″ECoordinates: 43°40′36″N 4°37′40″E
Country France
Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Department Bouches-du-Rhône
Arrondissement Arles
Canton Arles
Intercommunality CA Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette
Government
• Mayor (2014–2020) Hervé Schiavetti (PCF)
Area1 758.93 km2 (293.02 sq mi)
Population (2012)2 52,439
• Density 69/km2 (180/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 13004 /13200
Elevation 0–57 m (0–187 ft)
(avg. 10 m or 33 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.
Arles (French pronunciation: [aʁl]; Provençal [ˈaʀle] in both classical and Mistralian norms; Arelate in Classical Latin) is a city and commune in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence.
A large part of the Camargue is located on the territory of the commune, making it the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory (though Maripasoula, French Guiana, is much larger). The city has a long history, and was of considerable importance in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis. The Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1981. The Dutch post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh lived in Arles from 1888 to 1889 and produced over 300 paintings and drawings during his time there. An international photography festival has been held in the city since 1970.
Geography
The river Rhône forks into two branches just upstream of Arles, forming the Camargue delta. Because the Camargue is for a large part administratively part of Arles, the commune as a whole is the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory, although its population is only slightly more than 50,000. Its area is 758.93 km2 (293.02 sq mi), which is more than seven times the area of Paris.
Climate
Arles has a Mediterranean climate with a mean annual temperature of 14.6 °C (1948 - 1999). The summers are warm and moderately dry, with seasonal averages between 22 °C and 24 °C, and mild winters with a mean temperature of about 7 °C. The city is constantly, but especially in the winter months, subject to the influence of the mistral, a cold wind which can cause sudden and severe frosts. Rainfall (636 mm per year) is fairly evenly distributed from September to May, with the summer drought being less marked than in other Mediterranean areas.[1]
Ancient era
The Ligurians were in this area from about 800 BC. Later, Celtic influences have been discovered. The city became an important Phoenician trading port, before being taken by the Romans.
The Romans took the town in 123 BC and expanded it into an important city, with a canal link to the Mediterranean Sea being constructed in 104 BC. However, it struggled to escape the shadow of Massalia (Marseilles) further along the coast.
Its chance came when it sided with Julius Caesar against Pompey, providing military support. Massalia backed Pompey; when Caesar emerged victorious, Massalia was stripped of its possessions, which were transferred to Arelate as a reward. The town was formally established as a colony for veterans of the Roman legion Legio VI Ferrata, which had its base there. Its full title as a colony was Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelatensium Sextanorum, "the ancestral Julian colony of Arles of the soldiers of the Sixth."
Arelate was a city of considerable importance in the province of Gallia Narbonensis. It covered an area of some 40 hectares (99 acres) and possessed a number of monuments, including an amphitheatre, triumphal arch, Roman circus, theatre, and a full circuit of walls. Ancient Arles was closer to the sea than it is now and served as a major port. It also had (and still has) the southernmost bridge on the Rhône. Very unusually, the Roman bridge was not fixed but consisted of a pontoon-style bridge of boats, with towers and drawbridges at each end. The boats were secured in place by anchors and were tethered to twin towers built just upstream of the bridge. This unusual design was a way of coping with the river's frequent violent floods, which would have made short work of a conventional bridge. Nothing remains of the Roman bridge, which has been replaced by a more modern bridge near the same spot.
The city reached a peak of influence during the 4th and 5th centuries, when Roman Emperors frequently used it as their headquarters during military campaigns. In 395, it became the seat of the Praetorian Prefecture of the Gauls, governing the western part of the Western Empire: Gaul proper plus Hispania (Spain) and Armorica (Brittany). At that time, the city was perhaps home to 75,000–100,000 people.[2][3][4][5]
It became a favorite city of Emperor Constantine I, who built baths there, substantial remains of which are still standing. His son, Constantine II, was born in Arles. Usurper Constantine III declared himself emperor in the West (407–411) and made Arles his capital in 408.
Arles became renowned as a cultural and religious centre during the late Roman Empire. It was the birthplace of the sceptical philosopher Favorinus. It was also a key location for Roman Christianity and an important base for the Christianization of Gaul. The city's bishopric was held by a series of outstanding clerics, beginning with Saint Trophimus around 225 and continuing with Saint Honoratus, then Saint Hilarius in the first half of the 5th century. The political tension between the Catholic bishops of Arles and the Visigothic kings is epitomized in the career of the Frankish St. Caesarius, bishop of Arles 503–542, who was suspected by the Arian Visigoth Alaric II of conspiring with the Burgundians to turn over the Arelate to Burgundy, and was exiled for a year to Bordeaux in Aquitaine. Political tensions were evident again in 512, when Arles held out against Theodoric the Great and Caesarius was imprisoned and sent to Ravenna to explain his actions before the Ostrogothic king.[6]
The friction between the Arian Christianity of the Visigoths and the Catholicism of the bishops sent out from Rome established deep roots for religious heterodoxy, even heresy, in Occitan culture. At Treves in 385, Priscillian achieved the distinction of becoming the first Christian executed for heresy (Manichaean in his case, see also Cathars, Camisards). Despite this tension and the city's decline in the face of barbarian invasions, Arles remained a great religious centre and host of church councils (see Council of Arles), the rival of Vienne, for hundreds of years.
Roman aqueduct and mill
Aqueduct of Arles at Barbegal
The Barbegal aqueduct and mill is a Roman watermill complex located on the territory of the commune of Fontvieille, a few kilometres from Arles. The complex has been referred to as "the greatest known concentration of mechanical power in the ancient world".[7] The remains of the mill streams and buildings which housed the overshot water wheels are still visible at the site, and it is by far the best-preserved of ancient mills. There are two aqueducts which join just north of the mill complex, and a sluice which enabled the operators to control the water supply to the complex. The mill consisted of 16 waterwheels in two separate rows built into a steep hillside. There are substantial masonry remains of the water channels and foundations of the individual mills, together with a staircase rising up the hill upon which the mills are built. The mills apparently operated from the end of the 1st century until about the end of the 3rd century.[8] The capacity of the mills has been estimated at 4.5 tons of flour per day, sufficient to supply enough bread for 6,000 of the 30-40,000 inhabitants of Arelate at that time.[9] A similar mill complex existed also on the Janiculum in Rome. Examination of the mill leat still just visible on one side of the hill shows a substantial accretion of lime in the channel, tending to confirm its long working life.
It is thought that the wheels were overshot water wheels with the outflow from the top driving the next one down and so on, to the base of the hill. Vertical water mills were well known to the Romans, being described by Vitruvius in his De Architectura of 25 BC, and mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia of 77 AD. There are also later references to floating water mills from Byzantium and to sawmills on the river Moselle by the poet Ausonius. The use of multiple stacked sequences of reverse overshot water-wheels was widespread in Roman mines.
Middle Ages
Place de la République.
Cafe Terrace at Night by Vincent van Gogh (September 1888), depicts the warmth of a café in Arles
In 735, after raiding the Lower Rhône, Andalusian Saracens led by Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri moved into the stronghold summoned by Count Maurontus, who feared Charles Martel's expansionist ambitions, though this may have been an excuse to further Moorish expansion beyond Iberia. The next year, Charles campaigned south to Septimania and Provence, attacking and capturing Arles after destroying Avignon. In 739. Charles definitely drove Maurontus to exile, and brought Provence to heel. In 855, it was made the capital of a Frankish Kingdom of Arles, which included Burgundy and part of Provence, but was frequently terrorised by Saracen and Viking raiders. In 888, Rudolph, Count of Auxerre (now in north-western Burgundy), founded the kingdom of Transjuran Burgundy (literally, beyond the Jura mountains), which included western Switzerland as far as the river Reuss, Valais, Geneva, Chablais and Bugey.
In 933, Hugh of Arles ("Hugues de Provence") gave his kingdom up to Rudolph II, who merged the two kingdoms into a new Kingdom of Arles. In 1032, King Rudolph III died, and the kingdom was inherited by Emperor Conrad II the Salic. Though his successors counted themselves kings of Arles, few went to be crowned in the cathedral. Most of the kingdom's territory was progressively incorporated into France. During these troubled times, the amphitheatre was converted into a fortress, with watchtowers built at each of the four quadrants and a minuscule walled town being constructed within. The population was by now only a fraction of what it had been in Roman times, with much of old Arles lying in ruins.
The town regained political and economic prominence in the 12th century, with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa traveling there in 1178 for his coronation. In the 12th century, it became a free city governed by an elected podestat (chief magistrate; literally "power"), who appointed the consuls and other magistrates. It retained this status until the French Revolution of 1789.
Arles joined the countship of Provence in 1239, but, once more, its prominence was eclipsed by Marseilles. In 1378, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV ceded the remnants of the Kingdom of Arles to the Dauphin of France (later King Charles VI of France) and the kingdom ceased to exist even on paper.
Modern era
Arles remained economically important for many years as a major port on the Rhône. In the 19th century, the arrival of the railway diminished river trade, leading to the town becoming something of a backwater.
This made it an attractive destination for the painter Vincent van Gogh, who arrived there on 21 February 1888. He was fascinated by the Provençal landscapes, producing over 300 paintings and drawings during his time in Arles. Many of his most famous paintings were completed there, including The Night Cafe, the Yellow Room, Starry Night Over the Rhone, and L'Arlésienne. Paul Gauguin visited van Gogh in Arles. However, van Gogh's mental health deteriorated and he became alarmingly eccentric, culminating in the well-known ear-severing incident in December 1888 which resulted in two stays in the Old Hospital of Arles. The concerned Arlesians circulated a petition the following February demanding that van Gogh be confined. In May 1889, he took the hint and left Arles for the Saint-Paul asylum at nearby Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.
Jewish history
Main article: History of the Jews in Arles
Arles had an important and evident Jewish community between the Roman era and until the end of the 15th century. A local legend describes the first Jews in Arles as exiles from Judaea after Jerusalem fell to the Romans. Nevertheless, the first documented evident of Jews in Arles is not before fifth century, when a distinguished community had already existed in town. Arles was an important Jewish crossroads, as a port city and close to Spain and the rest of Europe alike. It served a major role in the work of the Hachmei Provence group of famous Jewish scholars, translators and philosophers, who were most important to Judaism throughout the Middle Ages. At the eighth century, the jurisdiction of the Jews of Arles were passed to the local Archbishop, making the Jewish taxes to the clergy somewhat of a shield for the community from mob attacks, most frequent during the Crusades. The community lived relatively peacefully until the last decade of the 15th century, when they were expelled out of the city never to return. Several Jews did live in the city in the centuries after, though no community was found ever after. Nowadays, Jewish archaeological findings and texts from Arles can be found in the local museum.[10]
Population
Arles has important Roman remnants, most of which have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1981 within the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments group. They include:
The Gallo-Roman theatre
The arena or amphitheatre
The Alyscamps (Roman necropolis)
The Thermae of Constantine
The cryptoporticus
Arles Obelisk
Barbegal aqueduct and mill
The Church of St. Trophime (Saint Trophimus), formerly a cathedral, is a major work of Romanesque architecture, and the representation of the Last Judgment on its portal is considered one of the finest examples of Romanesque sculpture, as are the columns in the adjacent cloister.
The town also has a museum of ancient history, the Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques, with one of the best collections of Roman sarcophagi to be found anywhere outside Rome itself. Other museums include the Musée Réattu and the Museon Arlaten.
The courtyard of the Old Arles hospital, now named "Espace Van Gogh," is a center for Vincent van Gogh's works, several of which are masterpieces.[11] The garden, framed on all four sides by buildings of the complex, is approached through arcades on the first floor. A circulation gallery is located on the first and second floors.[12]
Archaeology
Main article: Arles portrait bust
In September–October 2007, divers led by Luc Long from the French Department of Subaquatic Archaeological Research, headed by Michel L'Hour, discovered a life-sized marble bust of an apparently important Roman person in the Rhône near Arles, together with smaller statues of Marsyas in Hellenistic style and of the god Neptune from the third century AD. The larger bust was tentatively dated to 46 BC. Since the bust displayed several characteristics of an ageing person with wrinkles, deep naso-labial creases and hollows in his face, and since the archaeologists believed that Julius Caesar had founded the colony Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelate Sextanorum in 46 BC, the scientists came to the preliminary conclusion that the bust depicted a life-portrait of the Roman dictator: France's Minister of Culture Christine Albanel reported on May 13, 2008, that the bust would be the oldest representation of Caesar known today.[13] The story was picked up by all larger media outlets.[14][15] The realism of the portrait was said to place it in the tradition of late Republican portrait and genre sculptures. The archaeologists further claimed that a bust of Julius Caesar might have been thrown away or discreetly disposed of, because Caesar's portraits could have been viewed as politically dangerous possessions after the dictator's assassination.
Historians and archaeologists not affiliated with the French administration, among them Paul Zanker, the renowned archaeologist and expert on Caesar and Augustus, were quick to question whether the bust is a portrait of Caesar.[16][17][18] Many noted the lack of resemblances to Caesar's likenesses issued on coins during the last years of the dictator's life, and to the Tusculum bust of Caesar,[19] which depicts Julius Caesar in his lifetime, either as a so-called zeitgesicht or as a direct portrait. After a further stylistic assessment, Zanker dated the Arles-bust to the Augustan period. Elkins argued for the third century AD as the terminus post quem for the deposition of the statues, refuting the claim that the bust was thrown away due to feared repercussions from Caesar's assassination in 44 BC.[20] The main argument by the French archaeologists that Caesar had founded the colony in 46 BC proved to be incorrect, as the colony was founded by Caesar's former quaestor Tiberius Claudius Nero on the dictator's orders in his absence.[21] Mary Beard has accused the persons involved in the find of having willfully invented their claims for publicity reasons. The French ministry of culture has not yet responded to the criticism and negative reviews.
Sport
AC Arles-Avignon is a professional French football team. They currently play in Championnat de France Amateur, the fourth division in French football. They play at the Parc des Sports, which has a capacity of just over 17,000.
Culture
A well known photography festival, Rencontres d'Arles, takes place in Arles every year, and the French national school of photography is located there.
The major French publishing house Actes Sud is also situated in Arles.
Bull fights are conducted in the amphitheatre, including Provençal-style bullfights (courses camarguaises) in which the bull is not killed, but rather a team of athletic men attempt to remove a tassle from the bull's horn without getting injured. Every Easter and on the first weekend of September, during the feria, Arles also holds Spanish-style corridas (in which the bulls are killed) with an encierro (bull-running in the streets) preceding each fight.
The film Ronin was partially filmed in Arles.
European Capital of Culture
Arles played a major role in Marseille-Provence 2013, the year-long series of cultural events held in the region after it was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2013. The city hosted a segment of the opening ceremony with a pyrotechnical performance by Groupe F on the banks of the Rhône. It also unveiled the new wing of the Musée Départemental Arles Antique as part of Marseille-Provence 2013.
Economy
Arles's open-air street market is a major market in the region. It occurs on Saturday and Wednesday mornings.
Transport
The Gare d'Arles railway station offers connections to Avignon, Nîmes, Marseille, Paris, Bordeaux and several regional destinations.
Notable people
Vincent van Gogh, lived here from February 1888 until May 1889.
The Provençal poet Frédéric Mistral (1830–1914) was born near Arles
Jeanne Calment (1875–1997), the oldest human being whose age is documented, was born, lived and died, at the age of 122 years and 164 days, in Arles
Anne-Marie David, singer (Eurovision winner in 1973)
Christian Lacroix, fashion designer
Lucien Clergue, photographer
Djibril Cissé, footballer
Antoine de Seguiran, 18th-century encyclopédiste
Genesius of Arles, a notary martyred under Maximianus in 303 or 308
Blessed Jean Marie du Lau, last Archbishop of Arles, killed by the revolutionary mob in Paris on September 2, 1792
Juan Bautista (real name Jean-Baptiste Jalabert), matador
Maja Hoffmann, art patron
Mehdi Savalli, matador
The medieval writer Antoine de la Sale was probably born in Arles around 1386
Home of the Gipsy Kings, a music group from Arles
Gael Givet, footballer
Lloyd Palun, footballer
Fanny Valette, actress
Luc Hoffmann, ornithologist, conservationist and philanthropist.
Saint Caesarius of Arles, bishop who lived from the late 5th to the mid 6th century, known for prophecy and writings that would later be used by theologians such as St. Thomas Aquinas
Samuel ibn Tibbon, famous Jewish translator and scholar during the Middle Ages.
Kalonymus ben Kalonymus, famous Jewish scholar and philosopher, Arles born, active during the Middle Ages.
Twin towns — sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France
Arles is twinned with:
Pskov, Russia
Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
Fulda, Germany
York, Pennsylvania, United States
Cubelles, Spain
Vercelli, Italy
Sagné, Mauritania
Kalymnos, Greece
Wisbech, United Kingdom
Zhouzhuang, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Verviers, Belgium
See also
Archbishopric of Arles
Montmajour Abbey
Trinquetaille
Langlois Bridge
Saint-Martin-de-Crau
Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Archdiocese of Aix". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.
INSEE
The table contains the temperatures and precipitation of the city of Arles for the period 1948-1999, extracted from the site Sophy.u-3mrs.fr.
www.academia.edu/1166147/_The_Fall_and_Decline_of_the_Rom...
Rick Steves' Provence & the French Riviera, p. 78, at Google Books
Nelson's Dictionary of Christianity: The Authoritative Resource on the Christian World, p. 1173, at Google Books
Provence, p. 81, at Google Books
Wace, Dictionary)
Greene, Kevin (2000). "Technological Innovation and Economic Progress in the Ancient World: M.I. Finley Re-Considered". The Economic History Review. New Series. 53 (1): 29–59 [p. 39]. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00151.
"Ville d'Histoire et de Patrimoine". Patrimoine.ville-arles.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
"La meunerie de Barbegal". Etab.ac-caen.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1784-arles
Fisher, R, ed (2011). Fodor's France 2011. Toronto and New York: Fodor's Travel, division of Random House. p. 563 ISBN 978-1-4000-0473-7.
"Espace Van Gogh". Visiter, Places of Interest. Arles Office de Tourisme. Retrieved 2011-04-29.
Original communiqué (May 13, 2008); second communiqué (May 20, 2008); report (May 20, 2008)
E.g."Divers find marble bust of Caesar that may date to 46 B.C.". Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2008-05-14. , CNN-Online et al.
Video (QuickTime) Archived May 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. on the archaeological find (France 3)
Paul Zanker, "Der Echte war energischer, distanzierter, ironischer" Archived May 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Sueddeutsche Zeitung, May 25, 2008, on-line
Mary Beard, "The face of Julius Caesar? Come off it!", TLS, May 14, 2008, on-line
Nathan T. Elkins, 'Oldest Bust' of Julius Caesar found in France?, May 14, 2008, on-line
Cp. this image at the AERIA library
A different approach was presented by Mary Beard, in that members of a military Caesarian colony would not have discarded portraits of Caesar, whom they worshipped as god, although statues were in fact destroyed by the Anti-Caesarians in the city of Rome after Caesar's assassination (Appian, BC III.1.9).
Konrat Ziegler & Walther Sontheimer (eds.), "Arelate", in Der Kleine Pauly: Lexikon der Antike, Vol. 1, col. 525, Munich 1979; in 46 BC, Caesar himself was campaigning in Africa, before later returning to Rome.
Date: July 8, 2018
Onna Point
(Horseshoe Point)
Okinawa Prefecture
Japan
Depth 60 feet or 18 meters of depth under water
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Date: July 8, 2018
Onna Point
(Horseshoe Point)
Okinawa Prefecture
Japan
Depth 90 feet or 27 meters of depth under water
Spotted by Master Diver, Chris Reschman. This crab was 3.5cm in size. Lucked out with a nice profile shot.
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Smallest of the team and the only non-humanoid, the sea urchin-inspired Mechinoderm is in some ways the most versatile of the family.
Relatively slow-moving but bristling with defensive weaponry, the Mechinoderm's tubular feet are able to adhere to any surface allowing the mech to climb up and down sheer surfaces.
~~~
Completing the set, the final mech obviously needed a trans red windshield and a predominantly green colour scheme in order to complete the circle. 1: Red with trans (neon) yellow, 2: Yellow with trans (light) blue, 3: (Dark) blue with trans (bright) green, and 4: Green with trans red. I was initially thinking of building a sea turtle-inspired mech, but then the words "mech" and "echinoderm" stuck together in my mind and I knew I had to build it.
Smallest of the Australian crakes, a secretive bird of reed-beds, feeding along the water's edge and on lily pads. Common to most of Australia, including Tasmania.
Date: March 18, 2018
Nago Seawall
Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
Depth 40 feet of water
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Pygmy Seadragon (Kyonemichthys rumengani)
Date: May 20, 2018
Sunabe Seawall
Chatan-cho
Okinawa Prefecture
Japan
Depth 40 feet or 12 meters of depth under water
On this day, Shawn Miller and I went out looking for pygmy seahorse. On the way out i noticed this thready creature moving on a reef segment. It is clearly a tiny sea dragon. This photo coincided with the plankton spawn, so a recently hatched pipefish makes sense. Lovely young specimen in any case.
Check out my mentor's Flickr for truly great nature photography: www.flickr.com/photos/okinawaphotos
#underwater
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Le Café la Nuit in Arles, Place de Forum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Arles
Arles is located in France
Arles is located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Coordinates: 43°40′36″N 4°37′40″ECoordinates: 43°40′36″N 4°37′40″E
Country France
Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Department Bouches-du-Rhône
Arrondissement Arles
Canton Arles
Intercommunality CA Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette
Government
• Mayor (2014–2020) Hervé Schiavetti (PCF)
Area1 758.93 km2 (293.02 sq mi)
Population (2012)2 52,439
• Density 69/km2 (180/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 13004 /13200
Elevation 0–57 m (0–187 ft)
(avg. 10 m or 33 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.
Arles (French pronunciation: [aʁl]; Provençal [ˈaʀle] in both classical and Mistralian norms; Arelate in Classical Latin) is a city and commune in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence.
A large part of the Camargue is located on the territory of the commune, making it the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory (though Maripasoula, French Guiana, is much larger). The city has a long history, and was of considerable importance in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis. The Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1981. The Dutch post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh lived in Arles from 1888 to 1889 and produced over 300 paintings and drawings during his time there. An international photography festival has been held in the city since 1970.
Geography
The river Rhône forks into two branches just upstream of Arles, forming the Camargue delta. Because the Camargue is for a large part administratively part of Arles, the commune as a whole is the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory, although its population is only slightly more than 50,000. Its area is 758.93 km2 (293.02 sq mi), which is more than seven times the area of Paris.
Climate
Arles has a Mediterranean climate with a mean annual temperature of 14.6 °C (1948 - 1999). The summers are warm and moderately dry, with seasonal averages between 22 °C and 24 °C, and mild winters with a mean temperature of about 7 °C. The city is constantly, but especially in the winter months, subject to the influence of the mistral, a cold wind which can cause sudden and severe frosts. Rainfall (636 mm per year) is fairly evenly distributed from September to May, with the summer drought being less marked than in other Mediterranean areas.[1]
Climate data for Arles, 1948–1999
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 10.4
(50.7) 12.3
(54.1) 15.7
(60.3) 18.5
(65.3) 22.8
(73) 27.1
(80.8) 30.3
(86.5) 29.7
(85.5) 25.5
(77.9) 20.3
(68.5) 14.4
(57.9) 11.0
(51.8) 19.8
(67.6)
Average low °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8) 2.8
(37) 5.3
(41.5) 7.5
(45.5) 11.2
(52.2) 14.5
(58.1) 17.7
(63.9) 17.3
(63.1) 14.4
(57.9) 10.4
(50.7) 5.9
(42.6) 3.1
(37.6) 9.4
(48.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 54.7
(2.154) 50.8
(2) 49.3
(1.941) 50.3
(1.98) 48.6
(1.913) 37.3
(1.469) 17.1
(0.673) 39.2
(1.543) 81.7
(3.217) 85.7
(3.374) 66.7
(2.626) 54.7
(2.154) 636.1
(25.043)
Source: Italian Wikipedia article on Arles
History
Arles Amphitheatre, a Roman arena.
Passageway in Roman arena
Church of St. Trophime and its cloister.
Ancient era
The Ligurians were in this area from about 800 BC. Later, Celtic influences have been discovered. The city became an important Phoenician trading port, before being taken by the Romans.
The Romans took the town in 123 BC and expanded it into an important city, with a canal link to the Mediterranean Sea being constructed in 104 BC. However, it struggled to escape the shadow of Massalia (Marseilles) further along the coast.
Its chance came when it sided with Julius Caesar against Pompey, providing military support. Massalia backed Pompey; when Caesar emerged victorious, Massalia was stripped of its possessions, which were transferred to Arelate as a reward. The town was formally established as a colony for veterans of the Roman legion Legio VI Ferrata, which had its base there. Its full title as a colony was Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelatensium Sextanorum, "the ancestral Julian colony of Arles of the soldiers of the Sixth."
Arelate was a city of considerable importance in the province of Gallia Narbonensis. It covered an area of some 40 hectares (99 acres) and possessed a number of monuments, including an amphitheatre, triumphal arch, Roman circus, theatre, and a full circuit of walls. Ancient Arles was closer to the sea than it is now and served as a major port. It also had (and still has) the southernmost bridge on the Rhône. Very unusually, the Roman bridge was not fixed but consisted of a pontoon-style bridge of boats, with towers and drawbridges at each end. The boats were secured in place by anchors and were tethered to twin towers built just upstream of the bridge. This unusual design was a way of coping with the river's frequent violent floods, which would have made short work of a conventional bridge. Nothing remains of the Roman bridge, which has been replaced by a more modern bridge near the same spot.
The city reached a peak of influence during the 4th and 5th centuries, when Roman Emperors frequently used it as their headquarters during military campaigns. In 395, it became the seat of the Praetorian Prefecture of the Gauls, governing the western part of the Western Empire: Gaul proper plus Hispania (Spain) and Armorica (Brittany). At that time, the city was perhaps home to 75,000–100,000 people.[2][3][4][5]
It became a favorite city of Emperor Constantine I, who built baths there, substantial remains of which are still standing. His son, Constantine II, was born in Arles. Usurper Constantine III declared himself emperor in the West (407–411) and made Arles his capital in 408.
Arles became renowned as a cultural and religious centre during the late Roman Empire. It was the birthplace of the sceptical philosopher Favorinus. It was also a key location for Roman Christianity and an important base for the Christianization of Gaul. The city's bishopric was held by a series of outstanding clerics, beginning with Saint Trophimus around 225 and continuing with Saint Honoratus, then Saint Hilarius in the first half of the 5th century. The political tension between the Catholic bishops of Arles and the Visigothic kings is epitomized in the career of the Frankish St. Caesarius, bishop of Arles 503–542, who was suspected by the Arian Visigoth Alaric II of conspiring with the Burgundians to turn over the Arelate to Burgundy, and was exiled for a year to Bordeaux in Aquitaine. Political tensions were evident again in 512, when Arles held out against Theodoric the Great and Caesarius was imprisoned and sent to Ravenna to explain his actions before the Ostrogothic king.[6]
The friction between the Arian Christianity of the Visigoths and the Catholicism of the bishops sent out from Rome established deep roots for religious heterodoxy, even heresy, in Occitan culture. At Treves in 385, Priscillian achieved the distinction of becoming the first Christian executed for heresy (Manichaean in his case, see also Cathars, Camisards). Despite this tension and the city's decline in the face of barbarian invasions, Arles remained a great religious centre and host of church councils (see Council of Arles), the rival of Vienne, for hundreds of years.
Roman aqueduct and mill
Aqueduct of Arles at Barbegal
The Barbegal aqueduct and mill is a Roman watermill complex located on the territory of the commune of Fontvieille, a few kilometres from Arles. The complex has been referred to as "the greatest known concentration of mechanical power in the ancient world".[7] The remains of the mill streams and buildings which housed the overshot water wheels are still visible at the site, and it is by far the best-preserved of ancient mills. There are two aqueducts which join just north of the mill complex, and a sluice which enabled the operators to control the water supply to the complex. The mill consisted of 16 waterwheels in two separate rows built into a steep hillside. There are substantial masonry remains of the water channels and foundations of the individual mills, together with a staircase rising up the hill upon which the mills are built. The mills apparently operated from the end of the 1st century until about the end of the 3rd century.[8] The capacity of the mills has been estimated at 4.5 tons of flour per day, sufficient to supply enough bread for 6,000 of the 30-40,000 inhabitants of Arelate at that time.[9] A similar mill complex existed also on the Janiculum in Rome. Examination of the mill leat still just visible on one side of the hill shows a substantial accretion of lime in the channel, tending to confirm its long working life.
It is thought that the wheels were overshot water wheels with the outflow from the top driving the next one down and so on, to the base of the hill. Vertical water mills were well known to the Romans, being described by Vitruvius in his De Architectura of 25 BC, and mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia of 77 AD. There are also later references to floating water mills from Byzantium and to sawmills on the river Moselle by the poet Ausonius. The use of multiple stacked sequences of reverse overshot water-wheels was widespread in Roman mines.
Middle Ages
Place de la République.
Cafe Terrace at Night by Vincent van Gogh (September 1888), depicts the warmth of a café in Arles
In 735, after raiding the Lower Rhône, Andalusian Saracens led by Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri moved into the stronghold summoned by Count Maurontus, who feared Charles Martel's expansionist ambitions, though this may have been an excuse to further Moorish expansion beyond Iberia. The next year, Charles campaigned south to Septimania and Provence, attacking and capturing Arles after destroying Avignon. In 739. Charles definitely drove Maurontus to exile, and brought Provence to heel. In 855, it was made the capital of a Frankish Kingdom of Arles, which included Burgundy and part of Provence, but was frequently terrorised by Saracen and Viking raiders. In 888, Rudolph, Count of Auxerre (now in north-western Burgundy), founded the kingdom of Transjuran Burgundy (literally, beyond the Jura mountains), which included western Switzerland as far as the river Reuss, Valais, Geneva, Chablais and Bugey.
In 933, Hugh of Arles ("Hugues de Provence") gave his kingdom up to Rudolph II, who merged the two kingdoms into a new Kingdom of Arles. In 1032, King Rudolph III died, and the kingdom was inherited by Emperor Conrad II the Salic. Though his successors counted themselves kings of Arles, few went to be crowned in the cathedral. Most of the kingdom's territory was progressively incorporated into France. During these troubled times, the amphitheatre was converted into a fortress, with watchtowers built at each of the four quadrants and a minuscule walled town being constructed within. The population was by now only a fraction of what it had been in Roman times, with much of old Arles lying in ruins.
The town regained political and economic prominence in the 12th century, with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa traveling there in 1178 for his coronation. In the 12th century, it became a free city governed by an elected podestat (chief magistrate; literally "power"), who appointed the consuls and other magistrates. It retained this status until the French Revolution of 1789.
Arles joined the countship of Provence in 1239, but, once more, its prominence was eclipsed by Marseilles. In 1378, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV ceded the remnants of the Kingdom of Arles to the Dauphin of France (later King Charles VI of France) and the kingdom ceased to exist even on paper.
Modern era
Arles remained economically important for many years as a major port on the Rhône. In the 19th century, the arrival of the railway diminished river trade, leading to the town becoming something of a backwater.
This made it an attractive destination for the painter Vincent van Gogh, who arrived there on 21 February 1888. He was fascinated by the Provençal landscapes, producing over 300 paintings and drawings during his time in Arles. Many of his most famous paintings were completed there, including The Night Cafe, the Yellow Room, Starry Night Over the Rhone, and L'Arlésienne. Paul Gauguin visited van Gogh in Arles. However, van Gogh's mental health deteriorated and he became alarmingly eccentric, culminating in the well-known ear-severing incident in December 1888 which resulted in two stays in the Old Hospital of Arles. The concerned Arlesians circulated a petition the following February demanding that van Gogh be confined. In May 1889, he took the hint and left Arles for the Saint-Paul asylum at nearby Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.
Jewish history
Main article: History of the Jews in Arles
Arles had an important and evident Jewish community between the Roman era and until the end of the 15th century. A local legend describes the first Jews in Arles as exiles from Judaea after Jerusalem fell to the Romans. Nevertheless, the first documented evident of Jews in Arles is not before fifth century, when a distinguished community had already existed in town. Arles was an important Jewish crossroads, as a port city and close to Spain and the rest of Europe alike. It served a major role in the work of the Hachmei Provence group of famous Jewish scholars, translators and philosophers, who were most important to Judaism throughout the Middle Ages. At the eighth century, the jurisdiction of the Jews of Arles were passed to the local Archbishop, making the Jewish taxes to the clergy somewhat of a shield for the community from mob attacks, most frequent during the Crusades. The community lived relatively peacefully until the last decade of the 15th century, when they were expelled out of the city never to return. Several Jews did live in the city in the centuries after, though no community was found ever after. Nowadays, Jewish archaeological findings and texts from Arles can be found in the local museum.[10]
Population
Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1806 20,151 —
1820 20,150 −0.0%
1831 20,236 +0.4%
1836 20,048 −0.9%
1841 20,460 +2.1%
1846 23,101 +12.9%
1851 23,208 +0.5%
1856 24,816 +6.9%
1861 25,543 +2.9%
1866 26,367 +3.2%
1872 24,695 −6.3%
1876 25,095 +1.6%
1881 23,480 −6.4%
1891 24,288 +3.4%
1896 24,567 +1.1%
1901 28,116 +14.4%
1906 31,010 +10.3%
1911 31,014 +0.0%
1921 29,146 −6.0%
1926 32,485 +11.5%
1946 35,017 +7.8%
1954 37,443 +6.9%
1962 41,932 +12.0%
1968 45,774 +9.2%
1975 50,059 +9.4%
1982 50,500 +0.9%
1990 52,058 +3.1%
1999 50,426 −3.1%
2008 52,729 +4.6%
2010 57,328 +8.7%
Main sights
Gallo-Roman theatre.
The Alyscamps.
Arles has important Roman remnants, most of which have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1981 within the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments group. They include:
The Gallo-Roman theatre
The arena or amphitheatre
The Alyscamps (Roman necropolis)
The Thermae of Constantine
The cryptoporticus
Arles Obelisk
Barbegal aqueduct and mill
The Church of St. Trophime (Saint Trophimus), formerly a cathedral, is a major work of Romanesque architecture, and the representation of the Last Judgment on its portal is considered one of the finest examples of Romanesque sculpture, as are the columns in the adjacent cloister.
The town also has a museum of ancient history, the Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques, with one of the best collections of Roman sarcophagi to be found anywhere outside Rome itself. Other museums include the Musée Réattu and the Museon Arlaten.
The courtyard of the Old Arles hospital, now named "Espace Van Gogh," is a center for Vincent van Gogh's works, several of which are masterpieces.[11] The garden, framed on all four sides by buildings of the complex, is approached through arcades on the first floor. A circulation gallery is located on the first and second floors.[12]
Archaeology
Main article: Arles portrait bust
In September–October 2007, divers led by Luc Long from the French Department of Subaquatic Archaeological Research, headed by Michel L'Hour, discovered a life-sized marble bust of an apparently important Roman person in the Rhône near Arles, together with smaller statues of Marsyas in Hellenistic style and of the god Neptune from the third century AD. The larger bust was tentatively dated to 46 BC. Since the bust displayed several characteristics of an ageing person with wrinkles, deep naso-labial creases and hollows in his face, and since the archaeologists believed that Julius Caesar had founded the colony Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelate Sextanorum in 46 BC, the scientists came to the preliminary conclusion that the bust depicted a life-portrait of the Roman dictator: France's Minister of Culture Christine Albanel reported on May 13, 2008, that the bust would be the oldest representation of Caesar known today.[13] The story was picked up by all larger media outlets.[14][15] The realism of the portrait was said to place it in the tradition of late Republican portrait and genre sculptures. The archaeologists further claimed that a bust of Julius Caesar might have been thrown away or discreetly disposed of, because Caesar's portraits could have been viewed as politically dangerous possessions after the dictator's assassination.
Historians and archaeologists not affiliated with the French administration, among them Paul Zanker, the renowned archaeologist and expert on Caesar and Augustus, were quick to question whether the bust is a portrait of Caesar.[16][17][18] Many noted the lack of resemblances to Caesar's likenesses issued on coins during the last years of the dictator's life, and to the Tusculum bust of Caesar,[19] which depicts Julius Caesar in his lifetime, either as a so-called zeitgesicht or as a direct portrait. After a further stylistic assessment, Zanker dated the Arles-bust to the Augustan period. Elkins argued for the third century AD as the terminus post quem for the deposition of the statues, refuting the claim that the bust was thrown away due to feared repercussions from Caesar's assassination in 44 BC.[20] The main argument by the French archaeologists that Caesar had founded the colony in 46 BC proved to be incorrect, as the colony was founded by Caesar's former quaestor Tiberius Claudius Nero on the dictator's orders in his absence.[21] Mary Beard has accused the persons involved in the find of having willfully invented their claims for publicity reasons. The French ministry of culture has not yet responded to the criticism and negative reviews.
Sport
AC Arles-Avignon is a professional French football team. They currently play in Championnat de France Amateur, the fourth division in French football. They play at the Parc des Sports, which has a capacity of just over 17,000.
Culture
A well known photography festival, Rencontres d'Arles, takes place in Arles every year, and the French national school of photography is located there.
The major French publishing house Actes Sud is also situated in Arles.
Bull fights are conducted in the amphitheatre, including Provençal-style bullfights (courses camarguaises) in which the bull is not killed, but rather a team of athletic men attempt to remove a tassle from the bull's horn without getting injured. Every Easter and on the first weekend of September, during the feria, Arles also holds Spanish-style corridas (in which the bulls are killed) with an encierro (bull-running in the streets) preceding each fight.
The film Ronin was partially filmed in Arles.
European Capital of Culture
Arles played a major role in Marseille-Provence 2013, the year-long series of cultural events held in the region after it was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2013. The city hosted a segment of the opening ceremony with a pyrotechnical performance by Groupe F on the banks of the Rhône. It also unveiled the new wing of the Musée Départemental Arles Antique as part of Marseille-Provence 2013.
Economy
Arles's open-air street market is a major market in the region. It occurs on Saturday and Wednesday mornings.
Transport
The Gare d'Arles railway station offers connections to Avignon, Nîmes, Marseille, Paris, Bordeaux and several regional destinations.
Notable people
Vincent van Gogh, lived here from February 1888 until May 1889.
The Provençal poet Frédéric Mistral (1830–1914) was born near Arles
Jeanne Calment (1875–1997), the oldest human being whose age is documented, was born, lived and died, at the age of 122 years and 164 days, in Arles
Anne-Marie David, singer (Eurovision winner in 1973)
Christian Lacroix, fashion designer
Lucien Clergue, photographer
Djibril Cissé, footballer
Antoine de Seguiran, 18th-century encyclopédiste
Genesius of Arles, a notary martyred under Maximianus in 303 or 308
Blessed Jean Marie du Lau, last Archbishop of Arles, killed by the revolutionary mob in Paris on September 2, 1792
Juan Bautista (real name Jean-Baptiste Jalabert), matador
Maja Hoffmann, art patron
Mehdi Savalli, matador
The medieval writer Antoine de la Sale was probably born in Arles around 1386
Home of the Gipsy Kings, a music group from Arles
Gael Givet, footballer
Lloyd Palun, footballer
Fanny Valette, actress
Luc Hoffmann, ornithologist, conservationist and philanthropist.
Saint Caesarius of Arles, bishop who lived from the late 5th to the mid 6th century, known for prophecy and writings that would later be used by theologians such as St. Thomas Aquinas
Samuel ibn Tibbon, famous Jewish translator and scholar during the Middle Ages.
Kalonymus ben Kalonymus, famous Jewish scholar and philosopher, Arles born, active during the Middle Ages.
Twin towns — sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France
Arles is twinned with:
Pskov, Russia
Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
Fulda, Germany
York, Pennsylvania, United States
Cubelles, Spain
Vercelli, Italy
Sagné, Mauritania
Kalymnos, Greece
Wisbech, United Kingdom
Zhouzhuang, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Verviers, Belgium
See also
Archbishopric of Arles
Montmajour Abbey
Trinquetaille
Langlois Bridge
Saint-Martin-de-Crau
Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Archdiocese of Aix". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.
INSEE
The table contains the temperatures and precipitation of the city of Arles for the period 1948-1999, extracted from the site Sophy.u-3mrs.fr.
www.academia.edu/1166147/_The_Fall_and_Decline_of_the_Rom...
Rick Steves' Provence & the French Riviera, p. 78, at Google Books
Nelson's Dictionary of Christianity: The Authoritative Resource on the Christian World, p. 1173, at Google Books
Provence, p. 81, at Google Books
Wace, Dictionary)
Greene, Kevin (2000). "Technological Innovation and Economic Progress in the Ancient World: M.I. Finley Re-Considered". The Economic History Review. New Series. 53 (1): 29–59 [p. 39]. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00151.
"Ville d'Histoire et de Patrimoine". Patrimoine.ville-arles.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
"La meunerie de Barbegal". Etab.ac-caen.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1784-arles
Fisher, R, ed (2011). Fodor's France 2011. Toronto and New York: Fodor's Travel, division of Random House. p. 563 ISBN 978-1-4000-0473-7.
"Espace Van Gogh". Visiter, Places of Interest. Arles Office de Tourisme. Retrieved 2011-04-29.
Original communiqué (May 13, 2008); second communiqué (May 20, 2008); report (May 20, 2008)
E.g."Divers find marble bust of Caesar that may date to 46 B.C.". Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2008-05-14. , CNN-Online et al.
Video (QuickTime) Archived May 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. on the archaeological find (France 3)
Paul Zanker, "Der Echte war energischer, distanzierter, ironischer" Archived May 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Sueddeutsche Zeitung, May 25, 2008, on-line
Mary Beard, "The face of Julius Caesar? Come off it!", TLS, May 14, 2008, on-line
Nathan T. Elkins, 'Oldest Bust' of Julius Caesar found in France?, May 14, 2008, on-line
Cp. this image at the AERIA library
A different approach was presented by Mary Beard, in that members of a military Caesarian colony would not have discarded portraits of Caesar, whom they worshipped as god, although statues were in fact destroyed by the Anti-Caesarians in the city of Rome after Caesar's assassination (Appian, BC III.1.9).
Konrat Ziegler & Walther Sontheimer (eds.), "Arelate", in Der Kleine Pauly: Lexikon der Antike, Vol. 1, col. 525, Munich 1979; in 46 BC, Caesar himself was campaigning in Africa, before later returning to Rome.
As the ice recedes, there's a rich bed of subaquatic plants under water that's ready to spring forth!
A reversible submersible.
Part submarine, part spaceship, this seems like the sort of thing Seatron might have come up with if it had ever got past the prototype stage.
Sadly the pilot seat has to be taken out and reattached to flip between spaceship mode and submarine mode, but otherwise I'm pleased with the concept.
Shortnose Boxfish (Ostracion nasus)
Date: May 11, 2018
Night Dive
Kadena Steps
Okinawa Prefecture
Japan
Depth 40 feet or 12 meters of depth under water
A sleeping adult Dusky Parrotfish (Scarus niger) sleeping. Sleeping parrotfish protect themselves from predators by creating a mucous bubble to sleep in. It keeps their delicious fishy odor out of the water so no predators come to eat them. They don't have eyelids, so they can't close their eyes. This fish was sleeping, and I was able to get a nice close shot without waking him up.
#underwater #gopro #underwater #scuba #fish #food #okinawa #japan #nature #sea #okinawanature #sea #ocean #naturetherapy #therapy #wildlife #pacific #southchinasea #okinawaprefecture #ryukyuislands #islands #bestshots #fishofokinawa #fish #photography #sealife #yeahiknowshawnmiller #famillerized #diveteammiller #dtm #ryukyu #ryukyuislands #southchinasea #pacificocean #seacreature #seamonster #deepseadiver #seacreature #underwatercreature #underwateralien #closeup #organicstructure #organicphotography #organic #underwaterart #1st wife #water #volcanicrock #coral #underwaterworld #Naturephotography #art #artphotography #SCUBA #reef #coral #benthic #shorediving #shore #coralreef #animal #conservation #conservationphotography #nature #naturesbest #bestdivespotsinokinawa #bestdivespot #divingandjiving #jiving #diving #marinelife #pacific #reeflife #aquatic #aquaticart #aquaticphotography #sealife #sealifecamera #oceanlife #oceancreature #outdoors #close-up #biology #zoology #saltwater #salt #asia #travel #divers #dives #deepdive #tropical #tropicalfish #unterwasser #bts #beneaththesea #openwater #openwatershooting #openocean #opensea #uwphoto #uwfoto #marine #subaquatic #digitalcamera #dslr #blackfingrouper #underwatermacro #uwmacro #closeup #detail #macro #close-up #teleconverter #tc #tc-20e #tc-20eii #teleconversion #YSD2 #seaandsea #D850 #Nikon #Nikkor #105mm #nauticam #Gobe #sola3800 #sola500 #gobe500 #NA-D850 #lightandMotion #Sola #lumens #45degreeviewfinder #viewfinder #fiberoptic #bts #beneaththesea #sola1200 #sola3800 #gobe500
Date: July 14, 2019
Maeda Point
Maeda-misaki 真栄田岬
maedamisaki.jp
Okinawa Prefecture
Japan
Depth 60feet or 20meters of depth under water
Check out my mentor's Flickr for truly great nature photography: www.flickr.com/photos/okinawaphotos
#YSD2 #seaandsea #D850 #Nikon #Nikkor #105mm #nauticam #Gobe #sola3800 #sola500 #gobe500 #NA-D850 #lightandMotion #Sola #lumens #45degreeviewfinder #viewfinder #fiberoptic #bts #beneaththesea #sola1200 #sola3800 #gobe500 #underwater #scuba #fish #food #okinawa #japan #nature #sea #okinawanature #sea #ocean #naturetherapy #therapy #wildlife #pacific #southchinasea #okinawaprefecture #ryukyuislands #islands #bestshots #fishofokinawa #fish #photography #sealife #yeahiknowshawnmiller #famillerized #diveteammiller #dtm #ryukyu #ryukyuislands #southchinasea #pacificocean #seacreature #seamonster #deepseadiver #seacreature #underwatercreature #underwateralien #closeup #organicstructure #organicphotography #organic #underwaterart #1st wife #water #volcanicrock #coral #underwaterworld #Naturephotography #art #artphotography #SCUBA #reef #coral #benthic #shorediving #shore #coralreef #animal #conservation #conservationphotography #nature #naturesbest #bestdivespotsinokinawa #bestdivespot #divingandjiving #jiving #diving #marinelife #pacific #reeflife #aquatic #aquaticart #aquaticphotography #sealife #sealifecamera #oceanlife #oceancreature #outdoors #close-up #biology #zoology #saltwater #salt #asia #travel #divers #dives #deepdive #tropical #tropicalfish #unterwasser #bts #beneaththesea #openwater #openwatershooting #openocean #opensea #uwphoto #uwfoto #marine #subaquatic #digitalcamera #dslr #blackfingrouper #Adobe #Lightroom #YSD2 #seaandsea #D850 #Nikon #Nikkor #105mm #nauticam #Gobe #sola3800 #sola500 #gobe500 #NA-D850 #lightandMotion #Sola #lumens #45degreeviewfinder #viewfinder #fiberoptic #bts #beneaththesea #sola1200 #sola3800 #gobe500 #nauticam #nauticamimages #nauticamhousing #underwatermacro #uwmacro #closeup #detail #macro
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Listening to Art Zoyd: Nosferatu.
Living Dead. #3
Subaquatic Decomposition.
Part of: transitio.
Art Zoyd: Nosferatu. Music for the silent movie "Nosferatu. Eine Symphonie des Grauens" by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau.
DMC-G2 - P1010996
#radix #wurzel #esoterik #entlarvung #geburtshoroskop
Aquest nen estava meravellat d'observar el fons marí com el capità Nemo.
============================================
This boy was amazed at the view under the waves, in a trip just outside Maó harbour.
In the real world, several of the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn (notably Europa, Enceladus and Ganymede) have an interior liquid ocean beneath the surface ice.
So the question is, does LEGO's own ice planet Krysto?
I rather like the idea, so I had to have a crack at building it.
I don't remotely have enough bricks for the sort of minifig-scale creation I'd really like to do, but that's what microbuilds are for.
The subaquatic Ice Planeteers use a variant on the traditional Ice Planet colours of blue, white, black and trans neon orange, replacing the blue with yellow and the trans neon orange with trans red.
Obviously the Krystovian ice crust is particularly thin in this section, but no doubt that helped with the drilling.
Furgoneta Citröen del Grupo Especial de Actividades Subacuáticas (GEAS) de la Guardia Civil española, aparcada en la Estación Marítima de Vigo.
Civil GuaaFurgoneta Citröen del Grupo Especial de Actividades Subacuáticas (GEAS) de la Guardia Civil española, aparcada en la Estación Marítima de Vigo (Galicia, España).
Civil Guard, Skin-diving. Van Citröen of the Special Group of Subaquatic Activities (GEAS) of the Spanish Civil Guard, parked in the Maritime Station of Vigo (Galicia, Spain).rd, Skin-diving. Van Citröen of the Special Group of Subaquatic Activities (GEAS) of the Spanish Civil Guard, parked in the Maritime Station of Vigo.a
Joruna ramicola nudibranch
Size of Specimen: 4cm
Date: April 29, 2018
Sunabe Seawall
Chatan-cho
Okinawa Prefecture
Japan
Depth 40 feet or 12 meters of depth under water
Saw this micronudibranch under a rocky overhang on the seawall. It was not longer than 2cm. Loved the benefit of the teleconverter with this specimen.
The second photo I am posting of this specimen. It was quite small and at an odd angle. With the 200mm equivalent lens, I had a hard time framing it and avoiding damaging the reef. This is cropped andthe colors were manipulated in Lightroom.
Check out my mentor's Flickr for truly great nature photography: www.flickr.com/photos/okinawaphotos
#underwater #scuba #fish #food #okinawa #japan #nature #sea #okinawanature #sea #ocean #naturetherapy #therapy #wildlife #pacific #southchinasea #okinawaprefecture #ryukyuislands #islands #bestshots #fishofokinawa #fish #photography #sealife #yeahiknowshawnmiller #famillerized #diveteammiller #dtm #ryukyu #ryukyuislands #southchinasea #pacificocean #seacreature #seamonster #deepseadiver #seacreature #underwatercreature #underwateralien #closeup #organicstructure #organicphotography #organic #underwaterart #1st wife #water #volcanicrock #coral #underwaterworld #Naturephotography #art #artphotography #SCUBA #reef #coral #benthic #shorediving #shore #coralreef #animal #conservation #conservationphotography #nature #naturesbest #bestdivespotsinokinawa #bestdivespot #divingandjiving #jiving #diving #marinelife #pacific #reeflife #aquatic #aquaticart #aquaticphotography #sealife #sealifecamera #oceanlife #oceancreature #outdoors #close-up #biology #zoology #saltwater #salt #asia #travel #divers #dives #deepdive #tropical #tropicalfish #unterwasser #沖縄 #写真 #การถ่ายภาพ #bts #beneaththesea #openwater #openwatershooting #openocean #opensea #uwphoto #uwfoto #marine #subaquatic #digitalcamera #dslr #blackfingrouper #underwatermacro #uwmacro #closeup #detail #macro #close-up #teleconverter #tc #tc-20e #tc-20eii #teleconversion #YSD2 #seaandsea #D850 #Nikon #Nikkor #105mm #nauticam #Gobe #sola3800 #sola500 #gobe500 #NA-D850 #lightandMotion #Sola #lumens #45degreeviewfinder #viewfinder #fiberoptic #bts #beneaththesea #sola1200 #sola3800 #gobe500 #nudibranch #Adobe #Lightroom
Well, that's me :-) !!!!!
At San Andrés Island's sea, swimming in the coral banks, among fish and beautiful and incredible things... Better yet, photographing with a Canon G11 in a fancy water housing :-) ! Please wait for my subaquatic experiments...
Thanks for Fernando, my diving instructor at that day for the patience of letting me use his camera system and also for photographing me every once in a while...
Please check that sunlight hitting my back... that hurt later in that day :-) !
Cheers,
--Príamo.
My posterboard wasn't big enough to use as a backdrop, and it's been cloudy here when I finally get a night off, but I managed to set something up tonight.
The premise behind this MOC is the Aquasharks (now actually humanoid sharks) have scared the Aquanauts out of their research lab, and are now using it as a base for their crystal pirating operations. The lab has a removable top, revealing the small subaquatic laboratory inside.
I'm really pleased with how the base turned out. The 'legs' of the base are seated on 45° slopes afixed to the baseplate. Unintentionally, the roof of the base has studs set at a 45° angle to the grid on the baseplate. Very pleased with the effect, I just wish I had the time (and more underwater baseplates) to expand.
I felt bad about not using the goofy robo-arms on any of the subs, so I gave the Great White a pair so he could sort through crystals and 'worthless' Atlantis portal keys.
Date: June 19, 2019
Maeda Point
Maeda-misaki 真栄田岬
maedamisaki.jp
Okinawa Prefecture
Japan
Depth 60feet or 20meters of depth under water
Check out my mentor's Flickr for truly great nature photography: www.flickr.com/photos/okinawaphotos
#YSD2 #seaandsea #D850 #Nikon #Nikkor #105mm #nauticam #Gobe #sola3800 #sola500 #gobe500 #NA-D850 #lightandMotion #Sola #lumens #45degreeviewfinder #viewfinder #fiberoptic #bts #beneaththesea #sola1200 #sola3800 #gobe500 #underwater #scuba #fish #food #okinawa #japan #nature #sea #okinawanature #sea #ocean #naturetherapy #therapy #wildlife #pacific #southchinasea #okinawaprefecture #ryukyuislands #islands #bestshots #fishofokinawa #fish #photography #sealife #yeahiknowshawnmiller #famillerized #diveteammiller #dtm #ryukyu #ryukyuislands #southchinasea #pacificocean #seacreature #seamonster #deepseadiver #seacreature #underwatercreature #underwateralien #closeup #organicstructure #organicphotography #organic #underwaterart #1st wife #water #volcanicrock #coral #underwaterworld #Naturephotography #art #artphotography #SCUBA #reef #coral #benthic #shorediving #shore #coralreef #animal #conservation #conservationphotography #nature #naturesbest #bestdivespotsinokinawa #bestdivespot #divingandjiving #jiving #diving #marinelife #pacific #reeflife #aquatic #aquaticart #aquaticphotography #sealife #sealifecamera #oceanlife #oceancreature #outdoors #close-up #biology #zoology #saltwater #salt #asia #travel #divers #dives #deepdive #tropical #tropicalfish #unterwasser #bts #beneaththesea #openwater #openwatershooting #openocean #opensea #uwphoto #uwfoto #marine #subaquatic #digitalcamera #dslr #blackfingrouper #Adobe #Lightroom #YSD2 #seaandsea #D850 #Nikon #Nikkor #105mm #nauticam #Gobe #sola3800 #sola500 #gobe500 #NA-D850 #lightandMotion #Sola #lumens #45degreeviewfinder #viewfinder #fiberoptic #bts #beneaththesea #sola1200 #sola3800 #gobe500 #nauticam #nauticamimages #nauticamhousing #underwatermacro #uwmacro #closeup #detail #macro
Date: November 11, 2018
Maeda Point
Maeda-misaki 真栄田岬
maedamisaki.jp
Okinawa Prefecture
Japan
Depth 60 feet or 18 meters of depth under water
www.fishbase.se/summary/Pervagor-melanocephalus.html
A challenging fish to photograph. It led me on a merry chase around the coral...it and it's mate. Then I was able to snap a few good shots. This one was best.
Check out my mentor's Flickr for truly great nature photography: www.flickr.com/photos/okinawaphotos
#YSD2 #seaandsea #D850 #Nikon #Nikkor #105mm #nauticam #Gobe #sola3800 #sola500 #gobe500 #NA-D850 #lightandMotion #Sola #lumens #45degreeviewfinder #viewfinder #fiberoptic #bts #beneaththesea #sola1200 #sola3800 #gobe500 #underwater #scuba #fish #food #okinawa #japan #nature #sea #okinawanature #sea #ocean #naturetherapy #therapy #wildlife #pacific #southchinasea #okinawaprefecture #ryukyuislands #islands #bestshots #fishofokinawa #fish #photography #sealife #yeahiknowshawnmiller #famillerized #diveteammiller #dtm #ryukyu #ryukyuislands #southchinasea #pacificocean #seacreature #seamonster #deepseadiver #seacreature #underwatercreature #underwateralien #closeup #organicstructure #organicphotography #organic #underwaterart #1st wife #water #volcanicrock #coral #underwaterworld #Naturephotography #art #artphotography #SCUBA #reef #coral #benthic #shorediving #shore #coralreef #animal #conservation #conservationphotography #nature #naturesbest #bestdivespotsinokinawa #bestdivespot #divingandjiving #jiving #diving #marinelife #pacific #reeflife #aquatic #aquaticart #aquaticphotography #sealife #sealifecamera #oceanlife #oceancreature #outdoors #close-up #biology #zoology #saltwater #salt #asia #travel #divers #dives #deepdive #tropical #tropicalfish #unterwasser #?? #?? #?????????? #bts #beneaththesea #openwater #openwatershooting #openocean #opensea #uwphoto #uwfoto #marine #subaquatic #digitalcamera #dslr #blackfingrouper #Adobe #Lightroom #YSD2 #seaandsea #D850 #Nikon #Nikkor #105mm #nauticam #Gobe #sola3800 #sola500 #gobe500 #NA-D850 #lightandMotion #Sola #lumens #45degreeviewfinder #viewfinder #fiberoptic #bts #beneaththesea #sola1200 #sola3800 #gobe500 #nauticam #nauticamimages #nauticamhousing #underwatermacro #uwmacro #closeup #detail #macro
4 foot long working model of The Natilus. Half-Plate Tintype taken at The Subaquatic Steampunk Weekend 2017
Exposure time 20 seconds
Scovill Morrison Petzval F3.7 with Waterhouse stop
This host anemone's amazing golden is unfortunately caused by bleaching. Similar to corals, when the water gets too warm the symbiotic algae in the anemone is expelled.
Date: December 2, 2018
Maeda Point
Maeda-misaki 真栄田岬
maedamisaki.jp
Okinawa Prefecture
Japan
Depth 60 feet or 18 meters of depth under water
The 2nd or 3rd time i have seen this fish. First time i have gotten a photo is an extended (unnatural for this fish) position. I was happy with the detail on this shot. The white spot is unique, i think.
Check out my mentor's Flickr for truly great nature photography: www.flickr.com/photos/okinawaphotos
#YSD2 #seaandsea #D850 #Nikon #Nikkor #105mm #nauticam #Gobe #sola3800 #sola500 #gobe500 #NA-D850 #lightandMotion #Sola #lumens #45degreeviewfinder #viewfinder #fiberoptic #bts #beneaththesea #sola1200 #sola3800 #gobe500 #underwater #scuba #fish #food #okinawa #japan #nature #sea #okinawanature #sea #ocean #naturetherapy #therapy #wildlife #pacific #southchinasea #okinawaprefecture #ryukyuislands #islands #bestshots #fishofokinawa #fish #photography #sealife #yeahiknowshawnmiller #famillerized #diveteammiller #dtm #ryukyu #ryukyuislands #southchinasea #pacificocean #seacreature #seamonster #deepseadiver #seacreature #underwatercreature #underwateralien #closeup #organicstructure #organicphotography #organic #underwaterart #1st wife #water #volcanicrock #coral #underwaterworld #Naturephotography #art #artphotography #SCUBA #reef #coral #benthic #shorediving #shore #coralreef #animal #conservation #conservationphotography #nature #naturesbest #bestdivespotsinokinawa #bestdivespot #divingandjiving #jiving #diving #marinelife #pacific #reeflife #aquatic #aquaticart #aquaticphotography #sealife #sealifecamera #oceanlife #oceancreature #outdoors #close-up #biology #zoology #saltwater #salt #asia #travel #divers #dives #deepdive #tropical #tropicalfish #unterwasser #?? #?? #?????????? #bts #beneaththesea #openwater #openwatershooting #openocean #opensea #uwphoto #uwfoto #marine #subaquatic #digitalcamera #dslr #blackfingrouper #Adobe #Lightroom #YSD2 #seaandsea #D850 #Nikon #Nikkor #105mm #nauticam #Gobe #sola3800 #sola500 #gobe500 #NA-D850 #lightandMotion #Sola #lumens #45degreeviewfinder #viewfinder #fiberoptic #bts #beneaththesea #sola1200 #sola3800 #gobe500 #nauticam #nauticamimages #nauticamhousing #underwatermacro #uwmacro #closeup #detail #macro
Common Dragonet (Callionymus lyra)
Date: May 20, 2018
Sunabe Seawall
Chatan-cho
Okinawa Prefecture
Japan
Depth 40 feet or 12 meters of depth under water
Shawn Miller (#yeahiknowshawnmiller) and I were finishing a dive and taking photos of a Roboastra luteolineolata nudibranch. This dragonet moved in and really stole the show. These are great fish to observe: not shy, has moments where it isn't constnalty moving. At least somewhat curious.
Data: www.fishbase.de/summary/23
Check out my mentor's Flickr for truly great nature photography: www.flickr.com/photos/okinawaphotos
#underwater
#scuba #fish #food #okinawa #japan #nature #sea #okinawanature #sea #ocean #naturetherapy #therapy #wildlife #pacific #southchinasea #okinawaprefecture #ryukyuislands #islands #bestshots #fishofokinawa #fish #photography #sealife #yeahiknowshawnmiller #famillerized #diveteammiller #dtm #ryukyu #ryukyuislands #southchinasea #pacificocean #seacreature #seamonster #deepseadiver #seacreature #underwatercreature #underwateralien #closeup #organicstructure #organicphotography #organic #underwaterart #1st wife #water #volcanicrock #coral #underwaterworld #Naturephotography #art #artphotography #SCUBA #reef #coral #benthic #shorediving #shore #coralreef #animal #conservation #conservationphotography #nature #naturesbest #bestdivespotsinokinawa #bestdivespot #divingandjiving #jiving #diving #marinelife #pacific #reeflife #aquatic #aquaticart #aquaticphotography #sealife #sealifecamera #oceanlife #oceancreature #outdoors #close-up #biology #zoology #saltwater #salt #asia #travel #divers #dives #deepdive #tropical #tropicalfish #unterwasser #?? #?? #?????????? #bts #beneaththesea #openwater #openwatershooting #openocean #opensea #uwphoto #uwfoto #marine #subaquatic #digitalcamera #dslr #blackfingrouper #Adobe #Lightroom #YSD2 #seaandsea #D850 #Nikon #Nikkor #105mm #nauticam #Gobe #sola3800 #sola500 #gobe500 #NA-D850 #lightandMotion #Sola #lumens #45degreeviewfinder #viewfinder #fiberoptic #bts #beneaththesea #sola1200 #sola3800 #gobe500 #nauticam #nauticamimages #nauticamhousing #underwatermacro #uwmacro #closeup #detail #macro #supermacro #ultramacro #microscopicphotography #microscopicmacro #extremecloseup #supermacro #converter #photo #picture #teleconverter #tc #teleconversion #tc #tc-20e #tc-20eii
A reversible submersible.
Part submarine, part spaceship, this seems like the sort of thing Seatron might have come up with if it had ever got past the prototype stage.
Sadly the pilot seat has to be taken out and reattached to flip between spaceship mode and submarine mode, but otherwise I'm pleased with the concept.