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The garden of Cosmic Speculation

Fotomuseum Winterthur: Situation #57: Morehshin Allahyari, Material Speculations: ISIS, 2015 – 2016

 

It is pure speculation that this is a backcross between Catesbey's pitcher plant and yellow pitcher plant. The pitchers most resemble yellow pitcher plants but they are very short and the hoods angle up. The flowers certainly resemble yellow pitcher plants but are very short. On a couple of them, I spotted a red blush.

 

I visited a one of the nearby yellow pitcher plant sites. The blooms were very tall and the developing pitchers were just as tall. Here is a photo of the fully developed pitchers: www.flickr.com/photos/alan_cressler/14146053312/in/set-72...

Following international banking over speculation Irish & worldwide property values collapse.

 

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Charcoal, Metallic paint, Spray Paint, Gloss house paint, Glitter powders & Inks

Large Cave Wall Sized - H:148cm by W:228cm

 

(Not yet Exhibited - Unsold)

 

Metallic Inks,Glitter & Gloss paint used in this art make photographing it accurately difficult. When it is exhibited spotlighting or strong side on sunlight could be used to take full advantage of the quality of the picture's surface effects. All these large pictures as with any large pictures are created firstly to be seen large as they are & in the flesh!

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This is from a series I call Documentary Expressionism - Where using source photos collected from real events in the world I make an expression of art with hopefully a respect to that event. During this expression the relative size of characters can grow bigger or smaller & their species may transform & even mix together!

"It doesn't take a master sleuth to figure out that speculation is driving oil prices."

....

www.heatingoil.com/blog/opinion-the-main-reason-oil-p114/

 

(image: jupiterbroadcasting.com)

Willow Twist sculpture with Willows around the outside, and Moss Bowl.

A truly fascinating 1772 map of the northwestern parts of North America by Robert de Vaugondy. Essentially depicts the north eastern parts of Asia, speculations on northwestern America and Admiral De Fonte’s mythical conception of a Northwest Passage. Heavily based upon earlier work by Thomas Jefferys, Thomas Swaine Drage, Gerhard Muller, and James De Lisle. Vaugondy prepared this map prior to the voyages of James Cook to this region. Around this time Europe was rampant with speculation both regarding the existence of a Northwest Passage and the northwestern parts of America in general. The discoveries of Admiral de Fonte and Juan de Fuca though now known to be entirely mythical, inspired the European imagination. Barthlomew de Fonte was supposedly a Spanish Admiral who, sailing up the Pacific coast c. 1640 discovered a series of gigantic lakes, seas, and rivers heading eastward towards the Hudson Bay. Supposedly, upon one of these great inland lakes, he met with a ship from Boston that claimed to have come through a Northwestern Passage. De Fonte’s story appeared in a short lived 1706 English publication entitled “Memoirs of the Curious”. The story inspired no less than Joseph-Nicholas de L’Isle, younger brother of the better known Guilleme de L’Isle. Joseph-Nicholas, at the time, was employed by the Russian Tzar Peter the Great in the compilation of Russian surveys and discoveries in Siberia and the extreme northeast of Asia. When he published his somewhat accurate map of northeast Asia, he paradoxically decided to include with it an entirely speculative map of North America based largely on De Fonte’s letter. De L’Isle’s mantle was later taken up by Jefferys, another ardent supporter of the Northwest Passage theory, in his own map of the region, which was, ultimately, the inspiration for this map by Vaugondy. In accord with De Fonte’s suggestions this map displays the strait of Juan de Fuca continuing inland past the large lakes of Velasco, Belle and De Fonte to communicate with the Baffin and Hudson Bay. There are also a series of rivers and waterways connecting the lakes themselves to an outlet in the Arctic. Based upon Russian reports, Vaugondy rename the “Straits of Ainan”, the “Detroit de Bering”, paying homage to the great Russian navigator. Anian itself has been moved southward nearer to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Anian is a term derived from the journals of Marco Polo and first appeared in 1561 on a map by teh Venetian cartographer Bolognini Zaltieri. Later it appeared in a John Donne poem, “Anyan if I go west by the North-West passage.” However, it was interpreted as the Bering Strait by cartographers, successfully transitioning it from the realms of poetry to cartography. Anian presupposed the existence of a Northwest Passage and, as such, was entirely mythical, though the lands that are now Alaska long bore that name. Further south still we find Quivira, one of the legendary northern American Kingdoms of Gold. Nearer to Russia the Aleutian Islands have been consolidated into a large peninsular landmass extending eastward towards Asia. In the extreme north, between 80 and 60 degrees of latitude is an archipelago, presumably discovered by the Japanese, and purportedly inhabited entirely by pigmies. This entire map is in sharp contrast to De L’Isle map of the same region. In an alternative to the Jefferys map, De L’Isle imagined a slightly more distorted picture of the extreme northeast divided into a number of great islands with gigantic Bays and inland seas heading eastward towards Hudson Bay. These two disparate cartographic interpretations of the De Fonte story inspired considerable debate among European intellectual circles until the matter was finally put to rest by the expeditions of James Cook. Nonetheless, this is altogether fascinating map of the Northwest Passage and the American west and a must for any serious collection dedicated to this region.

GOLDEN RULE FIRST IN CITY

San Francisco was the feverish center of another gold rush in 1872 – a rush of wild speculation in the great hydraulic and quartz mines during which hundreds lost their fortunes and dozens of firms failed.

 

In this fermenting time the Golden Rule Bazaar opened it doors under the leadership of the Davis Bros.

 

All San Francisco was eager to inspect the new store– the only bazaar on the Pacific Coast and one of the first in the United States.

 

Before long the Golden Rule had outgrown its original building and by 1893 occupied three separate stores.

 

That year Adolph Feist leased a building on Market-Street below Fifth, with the idea of turning it into a large department store, hoping to interest an Eastern concern in the venture. This failing, he was obliged to organize his own company based on a loose co-operative basis, renting space to individual merchants, and in 1896, with great pomp, the new store – the Emporium – stood open.

 

But the business did not thrive. It lacked centralized policy and management. F.W. Dohrman saw possibilities in the project, in spite of general opinion that any department store south of Market Street must fail. Through his efforts the Golden Rule Bazaar and the Emporium were merged.

 

Soon a well-knit organization was thriving and the store became a popular social as well as shopping center, with band concerts every Saturday night.

 

From 1898 to 1906 an unbroken line of success forged the Emporium up among the leaders of the city's retail trade. For two and one-half years after the [1906 earthquake and] fire, the Emporium maintained a temporary "crossroads" store on Van Ness-Avenue while quarters were being erected on the old Market-Street site.

 

The new building with 775,000 square feet of floor space, a glass arcade, lofty dome, solid mahogany fixtures, and the new grocery department, the Emporium ranked among the greatest department stores in the country. Today, it is still the largest store in San Francisco.

 

The San Francisco News

Monday, October 14, 1935

"Hannah Courtoy (1784 - 26 January 1849), born Hannah Peters, was a London society woman who inherited a fortune from the merchant John Courtoy in 1815. Her distinctive Egyptian-style mausoleum in London's Brompton Cemetery has been the subject of considerable curiosity and speculation ever since a report by Reuters in 1998 repeated claims that it contained a working time machine.

 

"Hannah Courtoy was born Hannah Peters in 1784. She never married but had three daughters, Mary Ann (1801), Elizabeth (1804-1876), and Susannah (1807-1895). In 1830, Susannah married Septimus Holmes Godson, a barrister of Gray's Inn.

 

"In 1815, Courtoy inherited a fortune from the elderly merchant John Courtoy (born Nicholas Jacquinet in France, 1709) through a Will that was disputed in court.

 

"Courtoy's distinctive Egyptian-style mausoleum of 1854[9] in Brompton Cemetery, where her unmarried daughters Elizabeth and Mary Ann are also interred, has been the subject of considerable curiosity ever since a report by Reuters in 1998[10] reported on rumours that it might be or contain a working time machine, a speculation that has been fuelled by various articles written by the musician Stephen Coates of the band The Real Tuesday Weld."

 

Source: Wikipedia

 

More on the story of Hannah Courtoy's mausoleum

 

Independent article on the time machine theory

 

"Brompton Cemetery is a London cemetery in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. It is managed by The Royal Parks, and is one of the Magnificent Seven cemeteries. Established by Act of Parliament and erected in 1839, it opened in 1840 and was originally known as the West of London and Westminster Cemetery.

 

"Consecrated by Charles James Blomfield, the Bishop of London in June 1840, it is one of Britain's oldest and most distinguished garden cemeteries. Some 35,000 monuments, from simple headstones to substantial mausolea, mark the resting place of more than 205,000 burials. The site includes large plots for family mausolea, and common graves where coffins are piled deep into the earth, as well as a small columbarium. There is also a secluded Garden of Remembrance at the northern end, for cremated remains. It is also an urban haven for nature.

 

"By the early years of the 19th century, inner city burial grounds, mostly churchyards, had long been unable to cope with the number of burials and were seen as a hazard to health and an undignified way to treat the dead. In 1837 a decision was made to lay out a new burial ground in Brompton, London. The moving spirit behind the project was the engineer, Stephen Geary, and it was necessary to form a company in order to get parliamentary permission to raise capital for the purpose. Securing the land – some 40 acres – from local landowner, Lord Kensington and the Equitable Gas Light Company, as well as raising the money proved an extended challenge. The cemetery became one of seven large, new cemeteries founded by private companies in the mid-19th century (sometimes called the 'Magnificent Seven') forming a ring around the edge of London."

 

Source: Wikipedia

This was one failing of #5: using compression fittings works but it's a week connection. Maybe I should use unions instead?

Nature tries to upstage the show

Subliminal messages from an abandoned hoover. And what is with the lipstick? No further speculation is healthy.

Sign on the wall near the Speculation Pub near Pembroke

Steps in the Garden of Cosmic Speculation by Charles Jencks, Dumfriesshire, Scotland

While global food prices are rising, pushing the world's poorest people into hunger, bankers are betting on food prices and once again look set to push them even higher.

We're campaigning hard for new laws to regulate food speculation - and the next few weeks will be crucial.

Euro MPs and finance ministers are both about to decide their position on the new rules. The UK government, represented by Chancellor George Osborne, is opposed to strong rules to tackle food speculation.

So we are going to present him with a photo petition to show him just how many people are concerned about the issue.

A singularly fascinating 1747 map of Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands by E. Bowen. Essentially four maps on one sheet, this map of the North Atlantic islands is festooned with speculation and curiosities. The uppermost map is based on reports by the priest Hans Egede and shows the southern portions of Greenland as well as parts of Iceland and James Island. When this map was drawn the coasts of Greenland were fairly well mapped out by Icelandic and Scandinavian whalers, but the interior was largely unknown. There was some speculation in the early 17th and 18th centuries that a water passage existed through Greenland providing easy access to Iceland from the Davis Straights. Our map notes the passage but also comments that it is now impassable due to ice. Bowen also notes that the seas on either side of the Island are treacherous due to mountains of Ice. The lower left map depicts the Faroe Islands. Today these stunning green islands are considered one of the most beautiful and unspoiled places on earth. Our map depicts the Faroe Islands according a map contained in a 17th century book on the islands written by Jacobson Debes. The Faroe Islands have been historically treacherous for mariners due to the unpredictable currents and tides surrounding them. One of the most curious and legendary results of these currents is the great maelstrom that once roared at the southern tip of Sunderoe (today Suouroy Island) - depicted on our map at the right center. This mighty whirlpool swirled around a sheer pinnacle of rock called Monek, which was said to resemble a monk from one side and a sailing ship from the other. Reports say that the whirlpool was over a mile in diameter. Soundings show that the waters surrounding the whirlpool had a depth of some 80 to 90 fathoms, but that the waters nearer the rock, at the center of the maelstrom, were but 7 to 10 fathoms deep. Sadly this startling natural phenomenon is no more. In 1884 much of Monek Rock crumbled into the sea, creating a dangerous underwater reef and displacing the unique convergence that created the maelstrom. In the lower right hand corner of our chart is a map of Iceland. Iceland had been fairly well mapped since the late 16th century. This map, updated from earlier maps, shows the royal residence and four primary provinces. Drawn my Emmanuel Bowen for issue in his 1747 edition of A Complete System of Geography...

uses smart media memory card there is a speculation brewing in my mind thinking that this maybe indeed not the first flash card camcorder as first reported the first "mini sized "flash cam YES bUT I HAVE ANOTHER CAMCORDER EARLIER EDITION STAMPED JANUARY 1997 called simply MPE-G1 (MOVEING PICTURES EXSPERT GROUP ONE) WICH IS WELL KNOWN THIS CAMCORDER EXCLUSIVELY BROUGHT TO US BY HITACHI WAS THE WORLDS FIRST DIGITAL CAMCORDER USEING NOT FLASH CARD BUT REMOVERBLE HARD DRIVE CARD PC CARD3 AKA PCMCIA III but the very total rewiterble hard drive it uses is exspensive and his is proberly why when users inset a flash mmediacard nto the pccard slot off the camcorder to record in flash memory opsed to hard drive the camera only allows still photos to be taken oposed to video film I AM THINKING THAT IT IS BECOUSE OF THE MEDIA CARDS PRICE A 256MB PC CARD IN 1997 WOULD HAVE COST A FEW HUNDRED POUNDS AND A LOW CAPACITY FLASH MEMORY CARD WOULD NOT BE ABLR TO POWER THECAMERAS VIDEO MOTORS I THINK THIS BECOUSE I HAVE A NUMBER OF NEWER CULLUNA PC CARDS TYPE 3 AND THEY HAVE NOT THE CAPACIY TO RECORD VIDEO IMAGES ON THE MPE-G1 CAMCORDER EVEN THOUGH THEY COST PROBERBLY £000 EACH IT WOULD NEED MAYBE £600 CARDS TO GET IT TO RECORD VIDEO INSTEAD OF ONLY MUSIC AND STILL PICTURES PRICEY BUT WAS INTENDED FOR A EVERLATING TOTAL REWRITERBLE MEDIA TO UPLOAD IMAGES TO THE INTERNET AND STORE THEM ON THE HARD DRIVE JUST AFTER THE INTERNET BECAME COMERCIALISED IN 1995. VALUE FOR MONEY? WELL THE SHARP VL-EZ1H CERTAINLY COST LESS ONLY £750 IN TODAYS MONEY COMPARED TO A WOPPNG £2800 INCLUDEING THE 256 MB REMOVERBLE HARD DRIVE CARD (PC CARD 3 )AND IS QUITE SMALLER THAN THE HITACHI MPE-G1 maybe the manufactures could not make the vl-ez1 smartmedia flash card smaller at a higher price as it was unherd of in its day to see miniture camcorders the size of 20 cigaretes and would have contredicted other products sold in the same catogory as the ez1 cousing confusion indeed you maybe able to use the mpe-g1 as a FLASH-CAM BUT IT WILL BE PRICEY THE PRICE ON of a SanDisk Extreme Pro 128MB compact flash memory card is over £1000 a used card will set you back £300 with 30 rewrites on sold by a professional photographer maybe a option only to be considerd if your MPE-G1 hard drive is writerble no more and you need a replacement wich i dont think they mke pc card 3 any more so itseems in reality as the only option good old exspantion BUT IT MAY NOT WORK TRY THE COMPACT FLASH 128GB CARDFIRST INSIDE THE hITACHI MPE-G1 BEFORE YOU BUY IT TO SEE IFT HE MOVIE MODE SIGHN DISPLAYS ITS SELF ON THE CAMCODERS LCD else you will end up like me forever takeing still pictures instead with a compact flash card.

Adrienne Maloof plastic surgery speculations are that she may have had a nose job done to improve and define her nose that once had a pointed end.

 

celebritiesbrasize.com/adrienne-maloof-plastic-surgery/

London Bus Route #205 Shoreditch Bishopsgate Principal Tower Skyscraper Luxury Residential Apartments for Financial Speculation Investment

CAD drawing of Mechaboic scuplture. Finished sculpture will be 110 feet long divided into three sections, Head, Lung, Abdomen. It will move fueling off of trash. Solving our trash and Fuel problems in one go!

While global food prices are rising, pushing the world's poorest people into hunger, bankers are betting on food prices and once again look set to push them even higher.

We're campaigning hard for new laws to regulate food speculation - and the next few weeks will be crucial.

Euro MPs and finance ministers are both about to decide their position on the new rules. The UK government, represented by Chancellor George Osborne, is opposed to strong rules to tackle food speculation.

So we are going to present him with a photo petition to show him just how many people are concerned about the issue.

Garden of Worthies

 

Thomas Telford 1757 -1834

 

I am tossed about like a rubber Ball

The Caledonian Canal

Neptune's Staircase

Photography: Craige Barker

 

A speculation on the real life disappearance of the enigmatic Connie Converse - Why did the aspiring singer-songwriter who vanish into thin air?

 

Witness the gripping the haunting true(-ish!) story that remains a mystery to this day.

 

Diving deep into the sensitive themes of mental health and queerness in mid-century America, be transported into Connie's world and see how these struggles might have affected her life and ultimately led to her vanishing without a trace.

 

manchester.ssboxoffice.com/events/what-happened-to-connie...

myetvmedia does not own this photo.

Butterfly pond and Compression / Tension bridge.

Banners of the Scottish Bloodline in the foreground

"Hannah Courtoy (1784 - 26 January 1849), born Hannah Peters, was a London society woman who inherited a fortune from the merchant John Courtoy in 1815. Her distinctive Egyptian-style mausoleum in London's Brompton Cemetery has been the subject of considerable curiosity and speculation ever since a report by Reuters in 1998 repeated claims that it contained a working time machine.

 

"Hannah Courtoy was born Hannah Peters in 1784. She never married but had three daughters, Mary Ann (1801), Elizabeth (1804-1876), and Susannah (1807-1895). In 1830, Susannah married Septimus Holmes Godson, a barrister of Gray's Inn.

 

"In 1815, Courtoy inherited a fortune from the elderly merchant John Courtoy (born Nicholas Jacquinet in France, 1709) through a Will that was disputed in court.

 

"Courtoy's distinctive Egyptian-style mausoleum of 1854[9] in Brompton Cemetery, where her unmarried daughters Elizabeth and Mary Ann are also interred, has been the subject of considerable curiosity ever since a report by Reuters in 1998[10] reported on rumours that it might be or contain a working time machine, a speculation that has been fuelled by various articles written by the musician Stephen Coates of the band The Real Tuesday Weld."

 

Source: Wikipedia

 

More on the story of Hannah Courtoy's mausoleum

 

Independent article on the time machine theory

 

"Brompton Cemetery is a London cemetery in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. It is managed by The Royal Parks, and is one of the Magnificent Seven cemeteries. Established by Act of Parliament and erected in 1839, it opened in 1840 and was originally known as the West of London and Westminster Cemetery.

 

"Consecrated by Charles James Blomfield, the Bishop of London in June 1840, it is one of Britain's oldest and most distinguished garden cemeteries. Some 35,000 monuments, from simple headstones to substantial mausolea, mark the resting place of more than 205,000 burials. The site includes large plots for family mausolea, and common graves where coffins are piled deep into the earth, as well as a small columbarium. There is also a secluded Garden of Remembrance at the northern end, for cremated remains. It is also an urban haven for nature.

 

"By the early years of the 19th century, inner city burial grounds, mostly churchyards, had long been unable to cope with the number of burials and were seen as a hazard to health and an undignified way to treat the dead. In 1837 a decision was made to lay out a new burial ground in Brompton, London. The moving spirit behind the project was the engineer, Stephen Geary, and it was necessary to form a company in order to get parliamentary permission to raise capital for the purpose. Securing the land – some 40 acres – from local landowner, Lord Kensington and the Equitable Gas Light Company, as well as raising the money proved an extended challenge. The cemetery became one of seven large, new cemeteries founded by private companies in the mid-19th century (sometimes called the 'Magnificent Seven') forming a ring around the edge of London."

 

Source: Wikipedia

There was considerable speculation in the crowd as to which car the dog would pee upon. In the event, he elected not to, at least that anybody noted.

The Garden of Cosmic Speculation Protract Dumfries

From the old speculation track up to Catherine Saddle we went off piste to our planned camp site on the river. Scrub was fairly easy to push through

Musil figures out that people with a science fictional temperament are (a) useless and (b) dangerous

   

The Stones of Stenness are located between Loch of Stenness and Loch of Harray, about 1.5 kilometres south-east of the Ring of Brodgar.

 

The erection of the stones was dated by radiocarbon dating to 3100 BC, making Stenness one of the earliest stone circles in Britain. Four of the 12 stones of the inner circle are still standing today. The henge lacks the surrounding ditch and rampart. Excavations have shown that the ditch was 4 metres wide and 2.3 metres deep. The four remaining stones form an oval with a diameter of 30 metres.

 

In the centre is a large fireplace that is still visible today. There is still a paved path, several upright stones, apparently another hearth. Pottery and animal bones found during excavations show that the Neolithic builders regularly cooked and ate at the site. The stones are around five metres high, the highest over 5.7 metres, and a maximum of 30 cm thick. They stand on a level that was surrounded by an almost closed ditch, 6 metres wide and 2.3 metres deep, cut into the sandstone of the subsoil. Around the ditch, the ends of which are round in the passage area, there is the remains of an earth wall with a diameter of 44 metres and an entrance on the north side.

 

In 1814, a farmer tried to destroy the stones because visitors to the stone circle kept trampling on his field. He destroyed the ‘Odin Stone’ further away, overturned one of the stones inside the arrangement and damaged others. In 1906, the fallen stone was erected again. A smaller stone was found, which was also erected. However, there is speculation as to whether the smaller stone was part of the arrangement at all.

  

When science fiction films envisage credible futures, is there a bigger role that design studios can play in converting creative speculation to technological innovation? This talk looks at the challenges and real…

fitc.ca/presentation/fantasy-fact-journey-speculation-inn...

"Hannah Courtoy (1784 - 26 January 1849), born Hannah Peters, was a London society woman who inherited a fortune from the merchant John Courtoy in 1815. Her distinctive Egyptian-style mausoleum in London's Brompton Cemetery has been the subject of considerable curiosity and speculation ever since a report by Reuters in 1998 repeated claims that it contained a working time machine.

 

"Hannah Courtoy was born Hannah Peters in 1784. She never married but had three daughters, Mary Ann (1801), Elizabeth (1804-1876), and Susannah (1807-1895). In 1830, Susannah married Septimus Holmes Godson, a barrister of Gray's Inn.

 

"In 1815, Courtoy inherited a fortune from the elderly merchant John Courtoy (born Nicholas Jacquinet in France, 1709) through a Will that was disputed in court.

 

"Courtoy's distinctive Egyptian-style mausoleum of 1854[9] in Brompton Cemetery, where her unmarried daughters Elizabeth and Mary Ann are also interred, has been the subject of considerable curiosity ever since a report by Reuters in 1998[10] reported on rumours that it might be or contain a working time machine, a speculation that has been fuelled by various articles written by the musician Stephen Coates of the band The Real Tuesday Weld."

 

Source: Wikipedia

 

More on the story of Hannah Courtoy's mausoleum

 

Independent article on the time machine theory

 

"Brompton Cemetery is a London cemetery in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. It is managed by The Royal Parks, and is one of the Magnificent Seven cemeteries. Established by Act of Parliament and erected in 1839, it opened in 1840 and was originally known as the West of London and Westminster Cemetery.

 

"Consecrated by Charles James Blomfield, the Bishop of London in June 1840, it is one of Britain's oldest and most distinguished garden cemeteries. Some 35,000 monuments, from simple headstones to substantial mausolea, mark the resting place of more than 205,000 burials. The site includes large plots for family mausolea, and common graves where coffins are piled deep into the earth, as well as a small columbarium. There is also a secluded Garden of Remembrance at the northern end, for cremated remains. It is also an urban haven for nature.

 

"By the early years of the 19th century, inner city burial grounds, mostly churchyards, had long been unable to cope with the number of burials and were seen as a hazard to health and an undignified way to treat the dead. In 1837 a decision was made to lay out a new burial ground in Brompton, London. The moving spirit behind the project was the engineer, Stephen Geary, and it was necessary to form a company in order to get parliamentary permission to raise capital for the purpose. Securing the land – some 40 acres – from local landowner, Lord Kensington and the Equitable Gas Light Company, as well as raising the money proved an extended challenge. The cemetery became one of seven large, new cemeteries founded by private companies in the mid-19th century (sometimes called the 'Magnificent Seven') forming a ring around the edge of London."

 

Source: Wikipedia

Banksy is a pseudonymous England-based street artist, political activist, and film director whose real name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation. Active since the 1990s, his satirical street art and subversive epigrams combine dark humour with graffiti executed in a distinctive stenciling technique. His works of political and social commentary have appeared on streets, walls, and bridges throughout the world. His work grew out of the Bristol underground scene, which involved collaborations between artists and musicians. Banksy says that he was inspired by 3D, a graffiti artist and founding member of the musical group Massive Attack.

 

Banksy displays his art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls and self-built physical prop pieces. He no longer sells photographs or reproductions of his street graffiti, but his public "installations" are regularly resold, often even by removing the wall on which they were painted. Much of his work can be classified as temporary art. A small number of his works are officially, non-publicly, sold through an agency he created called Pest Control. Banksy's documentary film Exit Through the Gift Shop (2010) made its debut at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. In January 2011, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for the film. In 2014, he was awarded Person of the Year at the 2014 Webby Awards.

 

Banksy's name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation. In a 2003 interview with Simon Hattenstone of The Guardian, Banksy is described as "white, 28, scruffy casual—jeans, T-shirt, a silver tooth, silver chain and silver earring. He looks like a cross between Jimmy Nail and Mike Skinner of The Streets." An ITV News segment of 2003 featured a short interview with someone identified in the reporting as Banksy. Banksy began as an artist at the age of 14, was expelled from school, and served time in prison for petty crime. According to Hattenstone, "anonymity is vital to him because graffiti is illegal". Banksy reportedly lived in Easton, Bristol, during the late 1990s, before moving to London around 2000.

 

In an interview with the BBC in 2003, which was rediscovered in November 2023, reporter Nigel Wrench asked if Banksy is called Robert Banks; Banksy responded that his forename is Robbie. The Mail on Sunday claimed in 2008 that Banksy is Robin Gunningham, born on 28 July 1974 in Yate, 12 miles (19 km) from Bristol. Several of Gunningham's associates and former schoolmates at Bristol Cathedral School have corroborated this, and, in 2016, a study by researchers at the Queen Mary University of London using geographic profiling found that the incidence of Banksy's works correlated with the known movements of Gunningham. According to The Sunday Times, Gunningham began employing the name Robin Banks, which eventually became Banksy. Two cassette sleeves featuring his art work from 1993, for the Bristol band Mother Samosa, exist with his signature. In June 2017, DJ Goldie referred to Banksy as "Rob" in an interview for a podcast.

 

Other speculations on Banksy's identity include the following:

 

Robert Del Naja (also known as 3D), a member of the trip hop band Massive Attack, had been a graffiti artist during the 1980s prior to forming the band, and was previously identified as a personal friend of Banksy.

In 2020, users on Twitter began to speculate that former Art Attack presenter Neil Buchanan was Banksy. This was denied by Buchanan's publicist.

In 2022, Billy Gannon, a local councillor in Pembroke Dock was rumoured to be Banksy. He subsequently resigned because the speculation was affecting his ability to carry out the duties of a councillor. "I'm being asked to prove who I am not, and the person that I am not may not exist," he said. "I mean, how am I supposed to prove that I'm not somebody who doesn't exist? Just how do you do that?"

In October 2014, an internet hoax circulated that Banksy had been arrested and his identity revealed.

Photography: Craige Barker

 

A speculation on the real life disappearance of the enigmatic Connie Converse - Why did the aspiring singer-songwriter who vanish into thin air?

 

Witness the gripping the haunting true(-ish!) story that remains a mystery to this day.

 

Diving deep into the sensitive themes of mental health and queerness in mid-century America, be transported into Connie's world and see how these struggles might have affected her life and ultimately led to her vanishing without a trace.

 

manchester.ssboxoffice.com/events/what-happened-to-connie...

A truly fascinating 1772 map of the northwestern parts of North America by Robert de Vaugondy and Thomas Jefferys. Essentially depicts the north eastern parts of Asia, speculations on northwestern America, and Admiral De Fonte’s mythical conception of a Northwest Passage. Heavily based upon earlier work by Thomas Jefferys, Thomas Swaine Drage, Gerhard Muller, and James De Lisle. Vaugondy prepared this map prior to the voyages of James Cook to this region. Around this time Europe was rampant with speculation both regarding the existence of a Northwest Passage and the northwestern parts of America in general. The discoveries of Admiral de Fonte and Juan de Fuca though now known to be entirely mythical, inspired the European imagination. Barthlomew de Fonte was supposedly a Spanish Admiral who, sailing up the Pacific coast c. 1640 discovered a series of gigantic lakes, seas, and rivers heading eastward towards the Hudson Bay. Supposedly, upon one of these great inland lakes, he met with a ship from Boston that claimed to have come through a Northwestern Passage. De Fonte’s story appeared in a short lived 1706 English publication entitled “Memoirs of the Curious”. The story inspired no less than Joseph-Nicholas de L’Isle, younger brother of the better known Guilleme de L’Isle. Joseph-Nicholas, at the time, was employed by the Russian Tzar Peter the Great in the compilation of Russian surveys and discoveries in Siberia and the extreme northeast of Asia. When he published his somewhat accurate map of northeast Asia, he paradoxically decided to include with it an entirely speculative map of North America based largely on De Fonte’s letter. De L’Isle’s mantle was later taken up by Jefferys, another ardent supporter of the De Fonte Northwest Passage theory, in his own map of the region, which was, ultimately, the inspiration for this map by Vaugondy. In accord with De Fonte’s suggestions this map displays the strait of Juan de Fuca continuing inland past the large lakes of Velasco, Belle and De Fonte to communicate with the Baffin and Hudson Bay. There are also a series of rivers and waterways connecting the lakes themselves to an outlet in the Arctic. Based upon Russian reports, Vaugondy renames the “Straits of Ainan”, the “Detroit de Bering”, paying homage to the great Russian navigator. Anian itself has been moved southward nearer to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Anian is a term derived from a John Donne poem, “Anyan if I go west by the North-West passage.” However, it was interpreted as the Bering Strait by cartographers, successfully transitioning it from the realms of poetry to cartography. Anian presupposed the existence of a Northwest Passage and, as such, was entirely mythical, though the lands that are now Alaska long bore that name. Further south still we find Quivira, one of the legendary northern American Kingdoms of Gold. Nearer to Russia the Aleutian Islands have been consolidated into a large peninsular landmass extending eastward towards Asia. In the extreme north, between 80 and 60 degrees of latitude is an archipelago, presumably discovered by Japanese sailors marooned in Kamtschatka, and purportedly inhabited entirely by pigmies. An altogether fascinating map of the Northwest Passage and the American west and a must for any serious collection dedicated to this region. Prepared by Vaugondy as plate no. 8 for the Supplement to Diderot’s Encyclopédie .

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