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Model Specific: MAX-9 Pro
Chamber Length: 0 in.
Frame Finish: Black
Front Sight: Tritium Fiber Optic
Rear Sight: Drift Adjustable
Grips: High Performance Nylon
Features: Reversible Magazine Release E-Nickel Teflon Coated Mags External Manual Safety Lever
Finish: Black, Blue
Number of Magazines: 2
Firing System: Striker
Slide Description: Black Oxide
Frame Material: Glass Filled Nylon
Barrel Configuration: Single
Rifled Barrel: Yes
Forend Rail: Picatinny Rail
Minimum Pull Length: 0 in.
www.kingfishersportinggoods.com/product/ruger-max-9-optic...
(HGM 2023.36.1, Heisey Glass Museum, Newark, Ohio, USA)
-----------------------------------
"337 Touraine" is the designation for a specific glass product design made in Newark, Ohio by the Heisey Glass Company (1896 to 1957). Heisey glass designs are called "patterns". Pattern designations include a number (not necessarily consecutively numbered during the history of the glass factory) and a name. Some pattern names were given by the Heisey company, while others were given by Heisey glass researchers.
"Amberina" and "Tangerine" refer to a type of colored glass that Heisey produced.
The source of silica for Heisey glass is apparently undocumented, but was possibly a sandstone deposit in the Glassrock area (Glenford & Chalfants area) of Perry County, Ohio (if anyone can provide verfication of this, please inform me). Quarries in the area targeted the Pennsylvanian-aged Massillon Sandstone (Pottsville Group) and processed it into glass sand suitable for glass making.
-----------------------------------
From Bredehoft (2004):
Tangerine: 1932-1935. An orange glass. The glass was struck (reheated) to produce deepening color. Because of this, tangerine can look orange and sometimes almost red. Pressed pieces can exhibit an amberina-type coloration. While oral history indicates this was developed by Olson himself, his records indicate he did get some help!
-----------------------------------
From museum signage:
Augustus H. Heisey (1842-1922) emigrated from Germany with his family in 1843. They settled in Merrittown, Pennsylvania and after graduation from the Merrittown Academy, he worked for a short time in the printing business.
In 1861, he began his life-long career in the glass industry by taking a job as a clerk with the King Glass Company of Pittsburgh. After a stint in the Union Army, Heisey joined the Ripley Glass Company as a salesman. It was there that he earned his reputation of "the best glass salesman on the road".
In 1870, Heisey married Susan Duncan, daughter of George Duncan, then part-owner of the Ripley Company and later full owner, at which time he changed its name to George Duncan & Sons. A year later, he deeded a quarter interest to each of his two children. A few years after his death, A.H. Heisey and James Duncan became sole owners. In 1891, the company joined the U.S. Glass Company to escape its financial difficulties. Heisey was the commercial manager.
Heisey began to formulate plans for his own glass company in 1893. He chose Newark, Ohio because there was an abundance of natural gas nearby and, due to the efforts of the Newark Board of Trade, there was plenty of low cost labor available. Construction of the factory at 301 Oakwood Avenue began in 1895 and it opened in April of 1896 with one sixteen-pot furnace. In its heyday, the factory had three furnaces and employed nearly seven hundred people. There was a great demand for the fine glass and Heisey sold it all over the world.
The production in the early years was confined to pressed ware, in the style of imitation cut glass. The company also dealt extensively with hotel barware. By the late 1890s, Heisey revived the colonial patterns with flutes, scallops, and panels which had been so popular decades earlier. These were so well accepted that from that time on, at least one colonial line was made continuously until the factory closed.
A.H. Heisey's name appears on many different design patents including some when he was with George Duncan & Sons. Heisey patterns that he was named the designer include 1225 Plain Band, 305 Punty and Diamond Point, and 1776 Kalonyal.
Other innovations instituted by A.H. Heisey were the pioneering in advertising glassware in magazines nationally, starting as early as 1910 and the first glass company to make fancy pressed stems. That idea caught on quickly and most hand-wrought stemware is made in this manner, even now.
-----------------------------------
Reference cited:
Bredehoft, N. (ed.) (2004) - Heisey glass formulas - and more, from the papers of Emmet E. Olson, Heisey chemist. The West Virginia Museum of American Glass. Ltd.'s Monograph 38.
-----------------------------------
Info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisey_Glass_Company
and
and
Capitolo primo. L’astratta qualità del ricordo. (2016/2017).
Installazione site specific al Museo Civico Villa dei Cedri per la mostra "In(de)finiti luoghi".
Ticino, Svizzera.
Chapter one. The abstract quality of remembrance. (2016/2017)
Site specific installation at Villa dei Cedri Museum for the exhibition "In(de)finiti luoghi".
Ticino, Swizterland.
Aus der Serie In the Silence
Site specific Improvisation/Intervention mit Ast im Rahmen des Brus day,
6.7.2021 Wiener Heldenplatz.
Fotos: Markus Wintersberger
(HGM 2002.32.59 M, Heisey Glass Museum, Newark, Ohio, USA)
-----------------------------------
"1295 Beaded Swag" is the designation for a specific glass product design made in Newark, Ohio by the Heisey Glass Company (1896 to 1957). Heisey glass designs are called "patterns". Pattern designations usually include a number (not necessarily consecutively numbered during the history of the glass factory) and a name. Some pattern names were given by the Heisey company, while others were given by Heisey glass researchers.
"Opal" is Heisey's name for milk glass - whitish, opaque glass.
The source of silica for Heisey glass is apparently undocumented, but was possibly a sandstone deposit in the Glassrock area (Glenford & Chalfants area) of Perry County, Ohio (if anyone can provide verfication of this, please inform me). Quarries in the area targeted the Pennsylvanian-aged Massillon Sandstone (Pottsville Group) and processed it into glass sand suitable for glass making.
-----------------------------------
From Bredehoft (2004):
Opal: 1898-early 1900s. Commonly called milk glass. An opaque white glass. Heisey's exhibits a large amount of "fire" when held to the light.
-----------------------------------
From museum signage:
Augustus H. Heisey (1842-1922) emigrated from Germany with his family in 1843. They settled in Merrittown, Pennsylvania and after graduation from the Merrittown Academy, he worked for a short time in the printing business.
In 1861, he began his life-long career in the glass industry by taking a job as a clerk with the King Glass Company of Pittsburgh. After a stint in the Union Army, Heisey joined the Ripley Glass Company as a salesman. It was there that he earned his reputation of "the best glass salesman on the road".
In 1870, Heisey married Susan Duncan, daughter of George Duncan, then part-owner of the Ripley Company and later full owner, at which time he changed its name to George Duncan & Sons. A year later, he deeded a quarter interest to each of his two children. A few years after his death, A.H. Heisey and James Duncan became sole owners. In 1891, the company joined the U.S. Glass Company to escape its financial difficulties. Heisey was the commercial manager.
Heisey began to formulate plans for his own glass company in 1893. He chose Newark, Ohio because there was an abundance of natural gas nearby and, due to the efforts of the Newark Board of Trade, there was plenty of low cost labor available. Construction of the factory at 301 Oakwood Avenue began in 1895 and it opened in April of 1896 with one sixteen-pot furnace. In its heyday, the factory had three furnaces and employed nearly seven hundred people. There was a great demand for the fine glass and Heisey sold it all over the world.
The production in the early years was confined to pressed ware, in the style of imitation cut glass. The company also dealt extensively with hotel barware. By the late 1890s, Heisey revived the colonial patterns with flutes, scallops, and panels which had been so popular decades earlier. These were so well accepted that from that time on, at least one colonial line was made continuously until the factory closed.
A.H. Heisey's name appears on many different design patents including some when he was with George Duncan & Sons. Heisey patterns that he was named the designer include 1225 Plain Band, 305 Punty and Diamond Point, and 1776 Kalonyal.
Other innovations instituted by A.H. Heisey were the pioneering in advertising glassware in magazines nationally, starting as early as 1910 and the first glass company to make fancy pressed stems. That idea caught on quickly and most hand-wrought stemware is made in this manner, even now.
-----------------------------------
Reference cited:
Bredehoft, N. (ed.) (2004) - Heisey glass formulas - and more, from the papers of Emmet E. Olson, Heisey chemist. The West Virginia Museum of American Glass. Ltd.'s Monograph 38.
-----------------------------------
Info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisey_Glass_Company
and
and
July 24th, 25th, 26th 2009 - Indietracks, an indiepop festival - Midland Railway Butterley, Swanwick Junction
(HGM 5792 M, Heisey Glass Museum, Newark, Ohio, USA)
-----------------------------------
"4205 Valli" is the designation for a specific glass product design made in Newark, Ohio by the Heisey Glass Company (1896 to 1957). Heisey glass designs are called "patterns". Pattern designations include a number (not necessarily consecutively numbered during the history of the glass factory) and a name. Some pattern names were given by the Heisey company, while others were given by Heisey glass researchers.
The source of silica for Heisey glass is apparently undocumented, but was possibly a sandstone deposit in the Glassrock area (Glenford & Chalfants area) of Perry County, Ohio (if anyone can provide verfication of this, please inform me). Quarries in the area targeted the Pennsylvanian-aged Massillon Sandstone (Pottsville Group) and processed it into glass sand suitable for glass making.
-----------------------------------
From Bredehoft (2004):
Hawthorne: 1927 only. Replaced by Alexandrite. A light purple or lavender shade. Varies quite a lot in tone. Apparently the company had trouble controlling the color, possibly due to their inability to control the flamingo color base.
-----------------------------------
From museum signage:
Augustus H. Heisey (1842-1922) emigrated from Germany with his family in 1843. They settled in Merrittown, Pennsylvania and after graduation from the Merrittown Academy, he worked for a short time in the printing business.
In 1861, he began his life-long career in the glass industry by taking a job as a clerk with the King Glass Company of Pittsburgh. After a stint in the Union Army, Heisey joined the Ripley Glass Company as a salesman. It was there that he earned his reputation of "the best glass salesman on the road".
In 1870, Heisey married Susan Duncan, daughter of George Duncan, then part-owner of the Ripley Company and later full owner, at which time he changed its name to George Duncan & Sons. A year later, he deeded a quarter interest to each of his two children. A few years after his death, A.H. Heisey and James Duncan became sole owners. In 1891, the company joined the U.S. Glass Company to escape its financial difficulties. Heisey was the commercial manager.
Heisey began to formulate plans for his own glass company in 1893. He chose Newark, Ohio because there was an abundance of natural gas nearby and, due to the efforts of the Newark Board of Trade, there was plenty of low cost labor available. Construction of the factory at 301 Oakwood Avenue began in 1895 and it opened in April of 1896 with one sixteen-pot furnace. In its heyday, the factory had three furnaces and employed nearly seven hundred people. There was a great demand for the fine glass and Heisey sold it all over the world.
The production in the early years was confined to pressed ware, in the style of imitation cut glass. The company also dealt extensively with hotel barware. By the late 1890s, Heisey revived the colonial patterns with flutes, scallops, and panels which had been so popular decades earlier. These were so well accepted that from that time on, at least one colonial line was made continuously until the factory closed.
A.H. Heisey's name appears on many different design patents including some when he was with George Duncan & Sons. Heisey patterns that he was named the designer include 1225 Plain Band, 305 Punty and Diamond Point, and 1776 Kalonyal.
Other innovations instituted by A.H. Heisey were the pioneering in advertising glassware in magazines nationally, starting as early as 1910 and the first glass company to make fancy pressed stems. That idea caught on quickly and most hand-wrought stemware is made in this manner, even now.
-----------------------------------
Reference cited:
Bredehoft, N. (ed.) (2004) - Heisey glass formulas - and more, from the papers of Emmet E. Olson, Heisey chemist. The West Virginia Museum of American Glass. Ltd.'s Monograph 38.
-----------------------------------
Info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisey_Glass_Company
and
and
(HGM 4845 M, Heisey Glass Museum, Newark, Ohio, USA)
-----------------------------------
"1295 Beaded Swag" is the designation for a specific glass product design made in Newark, Ohio by the Heisey Glass Company (1896 to 1957). Heisey glass designs are called "patterns". Pattern designations usually include a number (not necessarily consecutively numbered during the history of the glass factory) and a name. Some pattern names were given by the Heisey company, while others were given by Heisey glass researchers.
"Opal" is Heisey's name for milk glass - whitish, opaque glass.
The source of silica for Heisey glass is apparently undocumented, but was possibly a sandstone deposit in the Glassrock area (Glenford & Chalfants area) of Perry County, Ohio (if anyone can provide verfication of this, please inform me). Quarries in the area targeted the Pennsylvanian-aged Massillon Sandstone (Pottsville Group) and processed it into glass sand suitable for glass making.
-----------------------------------
From Bredehoft (2004):
Opal: 1898-early 1900s. Commonly called milk glass. An opaque white glass. Heisey's exhibits a large amount of "fire" when held to the light.
-----------------------------------
From museum signage:
Augustus H. Heisey (1842-1922) emigrated from Germany with his family in 1843. They settled in Merrittown, Pennsylvania and after graduation from the Merrittown Academy, he worked for a short time in the printing business.
In 1861, he began his life-long career in the glass industry by taking a job as a clerk with the King Glass Company of Pittsburgh. After a stint in the Union Army, Heisey joined the Ripley Glass Company as a salesman. It was there that he earned his reputation of "the best glass salesman on the road".
In 1870, Heisey married Susan Duncan, daughter of George Duncan, then part-owner of the Ripley Company and later full owner, at which time he changed its name to George Duncan & Sons. A year later, he deeded a quarter interest to each of his two children. A few years after his death, A.H. Heisey and James Duncan became sole owners. In 1891, the company joined the U.S. Glass Company to escape its financial difficulties. Heisey was the commercial manager.
Heisey began to formulate plans for his own glass company in 1893. He chose Newark, Ohio because there was an abundance of natural gas nearby and, due to the efforts of the Newark Board of Trade, there was plenty of low cost labor available. Construction of the factory at 301 Oakwood Avenue began in 1895 and it opened in April of 1896 with one sixteen-pot furnace. In its heyday, the factory had three furnaces and employed nearly seven hundred people. There was a great demand for the fine glass and Heisey sold it all over the world.
The production in the early years was confined to pressed ware, in the style of imitation cut glass. The company also dealt extensively with hotel barware. By the late 1890s, Heisey revived the colonial patterns with flutes, scallops, and panels which had been so popular decades earlier. These were so well accepted that from that time on, at least one colonial line was made continuously until the factory closed.
A.H. Heisey's name appears on many different design patents including some when he was with George Duncan & Sons. Heisey patterns that he was named the designer include 1225 Plain Band, 305 Punty and Diamond Point, and 1776 Kalonyal.
Other innovations instituted by A.H. Heisey were the pioneering in advertising glassware in magazines nationally, starting as early as 1910 and the first glass company to make fancy pressed stems. That idea caught on quickly and most hand-wrought stemware is made in this manner, even now.
-----------------------------------
Reference cited:
Bredehoft, N. (ed.) (2004) - Heisey glass formulas - and more, from the papers of Emmet E. Olson, Heisey chemist. The West Virginia Museum of American Glass. Ltd.'s Monograph 38.
-----------------------------------
Info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisey_Glass_Company
and
and
(HGM 3618 M, Heisey Glass Museum, Newark, Ohio, USA)
-----------------------------------
"1425 Victorian" is the designation for a specific glass product design made in Newark, Ohio by the Heisey Glass Company (1896 to 1957). Heisey glass designs are called "patterns". Pattern designations include a number (not necessarily consecutively numbered during the history of the glass factory) and a name. Some pattern names were given by the Heisey company, while others were given by Heisey glass researchers.
"Cobalt" refers to a type of colored glass that Heisey produced. It is also known as "Stiegel Blue".
The source of silica for Heisey glass is apparently undocumented, but was possibly a sandstone deposit in the Glassrock area (Glenford & Chalfants area) of Perry County, Ohio (if anyone can provide verfication of this, please inform me). Quarries in the area targeted the Pennsylvanian-aged Massillon Sandstone (Pottsville Group) and processed it into glass sand suitable for glass making.
-----------------------------------
From Bredehoft (2004):
Stiegel Blue: 1932-1941. Commonly called cobalt blue. Heisey's has exceptionally good color.
-----------------------------------
From museum signage:
Augustus H. Heisey (1842-1922) emigrated from Germany with his family in 1843. They settled in Merrittown, Pennsylvania and after graduation from the Merrittown Academy, he worked for a short time in the printing business.
In 1861, he began his life-long career in the glass industry by taking a job as a clerk with the King Glass Company of Pittsburgh. After a stint in the Union Army, Heisey joined the Ripley Glass Company as a salesman. It was there that he earned his reputation of "the best glass salesman on the road".
In 1870, Heisey married Susan Duncan, daughter of George Duncan, then part-owner of the Ripley Company and later full owner, at which time he changed its name to George Duncan & Sons. A year later, he deeded a quarter interest to each of his two children. A few years after his death, A.H. Heisey and James Duncan became sole owners. In 1891, the company joined the U.S. Glass Company to escape its financial difficulties. Heisey was the commercial manager.
Heisey began to formulate plans for his own glass company in 1893. He chose Newark, Ohio because there was an abundance of natural gas nearby and, due to the efforts of the Newark Board of Trade, there was plenty of low cost labor available. Construction of the factory at 301 Oakwood Avenue began in 1895 and it opened in April of 1896 with one sixteen-pot furnace. In its heyday, the factory had three furnaces and employed nearly seven hundred people. There was a great demand for the fine glass and Heisey sold it all over the world.
The production in the early years was confined to pressed ware, in the style of imitation cut glass. The company also dealt extensively with hotel barware. By the late 1890s, Heisey revived the colonial patterns with flutes, scallops, and panels which had been so popular decades earlier. These were so well accepted that from that time on, at least one colonial line was made continuously until the factory closed.
A.H. Heisey's name appears on many different design patents including some when he was with George Duncan & Sons. Heisey patterns that he was named the designer include 1225 Plain Band, 305 Punty and Diamond Point, and 1776 Kalonyal.
Other innovations instituted by A.H. Heisey were the pioneering in advertising glassware in magazines nationally, starting as early as 1910 and the first glass company to make fancy pressed stems. That idea caught on quickly and most hand-wrought stemware is made in this manner, even now.
-----------------------------------
Reference cited:
Bredehoft, N. (ed.) (2004) - Heisey glass formulas - and more, from the papers of Emmet E. Olson, Heisey chemist. The West Virginia Museum of American Glass. Ltd.'s Monograph 38.
-----------------------------------
Info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisey_Glass_Company
and
and
(HGM 4943 L 266, Heisey Glass Museum, Newark, Ohio, USA)
-----------------------------------
"3357 King Arthur" is the designation for a specific glass product design made in Newark, Ohio by the Heisey Glass Company (1896 to 1957). Heisey glass designs are called "patterns". Pattern designations include a number (not necessarily consecutively numbered during the history of the glass factory) and a name. Some pattern names were given by the Heisey company, while others were given by Heisey glass researchers.
"Moongleam" refers to a type of colored glass that Heisey produced - in this case, light green.
The source of silica for Heisey glass is apparently undocumented, but was possibly a sandstone deposit in the Glassrock area (Glenford & Chalfants area) of Perry County, Ohio (if anyone can provide verfication of this, please inform me). Quarries in the area targeted the Pennsylvanian-aged Massillon Sandstone (Pottsville Group) and processed it into glass sand suitable for glass making.
-----------------------------------
From museum signage:
Augustus H. Heisey (1842-1922) emigrated from Germany with his family in 1843. They settled in Merrittown, Pennsylvania and after graduation from the Merrittown Academy, he worked for a short time in the printing business.
In 1861, he began his life-long career in the glass industry by taking a job as a clerk with the King Glass Company of Pittsburgh. After a stint in the Union Army, Heisey joined the Ripley Glass Company as a salesman. It was there that he earned his reputation of "the best glass salesman on the road".
In 1870, Heisey married Susan Duncan, daughter of George Duncan, then part-owner of the Ripley Company and later full owner, at which time he changed its name to George Duncan & Sons. A year later, he deeded a quarter interest to each of his two children. A few years after his death, A.H. Heisey and James Duncan became sole owners. In 1891, the company joined the U.S. Glass Company to escape its financial difficulties. Heisey was the commercial manager.
Heisey began to formulate plans for his own glass company in 1893. He chose Newark, Ohio because there was an abundance of natural gas nearby and, due to the efforts of the Newark Board of Trade, there was plenty of low cost labor available. Construction of the factory at 301 Oakwood Avenue began in 1895 and it opened in April of 1896 with one sixteen-pot furnace. In its heyday, the factory had three furnaces and employed nearly seven hundred people. There was a great demand for the fine glass and Heisey sold it all over the world.
The production in the early years was confined to pressed ware, in the style of imitation cut glass. The company also dealt extensively with hotel barware. By the late 1890s, Heisey revived the colonial patterns with flutes, scallops, and panels which had been so popular decades earlier. These were so well accepted that from that time on, at least one colonial line was made continuously until the factory closed.
A.H. Heisey's name appears on many different design patents including some when he was with George Duncan & Sons. Heisey patterns that he was named the designer include 1225 Plain Band, 305 Punty and Diamond Point, and 1776 Kalonyal.
Other innovations instituted by A.H. Heisey were the pioneering in advertising glassware in magazines nationally, starting as early as 1910 and the first glass company to make fancy pressed stems. That idea caught on quickly and most hand-wrought stemware is made in this manner, even now.
-----------------------------------
Info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisey_Glass_Company
and
and
Navigation. User must identify their own character before being given 1 of 2 different experience spaces. Note the duplication of the warning sign for each.
Quincy Community Theatre
June 2017
directed by Kelsey Celek
scenic design by Gregory Owens
costume design by Janae Lafleur
Lego House: One Specific Room, 1985
Contribution to the exhibition ‘L’architecture est un Jeu Magnifique’
10 July–26 August 1985
Centre Pompidou, Paris, France
From the exhibition
Herzog & de Meuron
(July - October 2023)
Look behind the scenes of Herzog & de Meuron and immerse yourself in one of the most revered architecture practices in the world.
For over 40 years, the Swiss practice has challenged our ideas of what architecture can be. They’ve reimagined the nature of buildings, from houses to hospitals. And they’ve designed projects that have transformed cities, such as Tate Modern, Laban Dance Centre, Elbphilharmonie and M+.
This exhibition, featuring 400 objects from the Herzog & de Meuron design process, is a chance to find out how their projects come together. Explore their open archive shelves, sit on their latest furniture design, walk around life-sized architectural mock-ups, and use augmented reality to experience a new children’s hospital in Zurich.
Visitors will be among the first to feel the space and atmosphere of their newest designs and to see Beka & Lemoine's latest documentary film about their ground-breaking REHAB project.
Curated in close collaboration with the architects, this is a rare opportunity to see the inner workings of one of the most admired architecture practices in the world..
[*Royal Academy]
Taken in the Royal Academy
Photographic techniques capture electromagnetic wavelengths beyond human vision, revealing features invisible to the naked eye. These signals are processed into interpretable forms using methods like color mapping.
Pink lacks a specific electromagnetic wavelength, while grey poses a limitation due to its representation of only intensity—a blend of light and dark without spectral specificity. Imaging techniques reliant on spectral variation produce identical results for greyscale images unless non-visible data is present. Deviations from this uniformity may indicate errors, misinterpretations, or unknown phenomena.
Contention persists over analytical debates, including dismissible claims like Van Allen belt dangers and contested evidence of lunar mirrors. The precision of laser reflections targeting a moving 3x3-foot marker on the Moon highlights technical skill but often fails to resolve skepticism. For instance, a 0.1° shift moves a laser spot 670 km across the Moon's surface.
Forensic analysis (2022, 2023) of Apollo 11–17 photographs assessed authenticity claims. Images of humans in space, Earth, and the Moon's distant views were validated, but Moon landing visuals showed variations, suggesting diverse techniques may have replicated certain elements.
PEMi (Photoelectromagnetic Image) software enhances forensic analysis by differentiating natural and artificial light sources, revealing hidden features. Each PEMi-ID links to original sources, ensuring traceability and comparison.
Further exploration is available:
Lehti, A. (2024). The Silence of Inquiry: Forensic Reflections Reveal a Crisis of Perception. figshare. doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28078982
Credits
2022-2025 © Andrew Lehti
1961–2023 © NASA, ESA
Software: PEMi (GitHub: andylehti/PEMi.git)
Explore PEM-I: pemimage.streamlit.app
CC BY-SA 4.0 License: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Research:
Lehti, Andrew (2024). Cognitive Psychology and the Education System. figshare. Collection. doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7532079
CC BY-SA 4.0
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.
Flint from the Pennsylvanian of Ohio, USA.
Flint is the state gemstone of Ohio. "Flint" is sometimes used as a lithologic term by modern geologists, but it is a synonym for chert. Flint and chert are the same - they are cryptocrystalline, quartzose sedimentary rocks. Rockhounds often assert that flint is high-quality while chert is low-quality. In early times, light-colored material was called "chert" and dark-colored material was called "flint". Some geologists assert that "flint" implies a biogenic origin and "chert" implies a chemical origin.
Many cherts do have a chemical origin - chert nodules are moderately common in some limestone units. The nodules form during diagenesis - pre-existing silica components in the carbonate sediments are dissolved, mobilized, and reprecipitated as chert masses. Some cherts do have a biogenic origin - for example, radiolarian cherts (rich in radiolarian microfossils) or spicular cherts (rich in siliceous sponge spicules). Another proposed origin for some chert / flint is altered quartzose eolian dust deposits on ancient seafloors.
The most famous flint deposit in Ohio is Flint Ridge, in Licking County. At this locality, the Middle Pennsylvanian-aged Vanport Flint is exposed in several places. The geologic literature on the Vanport Flint is relatively sparse, with inaccurate, incomplete descriptions and characterizations. For example, the literature describes the Vanport as a sheet of flint at Flint Ridge - it's actually a meganodule horizon. Other descriptions refer to the chert as the remains of siliceous sponges. In reality, siliceous sponge spicules are quite scarce in Vanport samples.
Two graduate student projects during the 2000s, conducted at two different universities, had very different conclusions & interpretations about the origin of the Vanport Flint. A 2003 study concluded that chert at Flint Ridge is biogenic in origin. A 2006 study concluded that the chert is chemical in origin.
Modern flint knappers value the Vanport Flint for being multicolored and high-quality (= very few impurities). With artificial heating, the flint is more easily knapped into arrowheads, spear points, and other objects. Prehistoric Americans quarried the Vanport Flint at many specific sites on Flint Ridge. Old flint pits can be seen along hiking trails in Flint Ridge State Park ("Flint Ridge State Memorial"; "Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries & Nature Preserve"). Many prehistoric artifacts found in Ohio (arrowheads & spearpoints - "projectile points") are composed of Vanport Flint.
Stratigraphy: Vanport Flint, Allegheny Group, upper Middle Pennsylvanian
Locality: Nethers Flint Quarries - flint pit in the woods on the southwestern side of Flint Ridge Road, eastern Flint Ridge, far-western Muskingum County, east-central Ohio, USA (vicinity of 40° 00.137’ North latitude, 82° 11.544’ West longitude)
(HGM 1297.2 M, Heisey Glass Museum, Newark, Ohio, USA)
-----------------------------------
"3350 Wabash" is the designation for a specific glass product design made in Newark, Ohio by the Heisey Glass Company (1896 to 1957). Heisey glass designs are called "patterns". Pattern designations include a number (not necessarily consecutively numbered during the history of the glass factory) and a name. Some pattern names were given by the Heisey company, while others were given by Heisey glass researchers.
The source of silica for Heisey glass is apparently undocumented, but was possibly a sandstone deposit in the Glassrock area (Glenford & Chalfants area) of Perry County, Ohio (if anyone can provide verfication of this, please inform me). Quarries in the area targeted the Pennsylvanian-aged Massillon Sandstone (Pottsville Group) and processed it into glass sand suitable for glass making.
-----------------------------------
From Bredehoft (2004):
Hawthorne: 1927 only. Replaced by Alexandrite. A light purple or lavender shade. Varies quite a lot in tone. Apparently the company had trouble controlling the color, possibly due to their inability to control the flamingo color base.
-----------------------------------
From museum signage:
Augustus H. Heisey (1842-1922) emigrated from Germany with his family in 1843. They settled in Merrittown, Pennsylvania and after graduation from the Merrittown Academy, he worked for a short time in the printing business.
In 1861, he began his life-long career in the glass industry by taking a job as a clerk with the King Glass Company of Pittsburgh. After a stint in the Union Army, Heisey joined the Ripley Glass Company as a salesman. It was there that he earned his reputation of "the best glass salesman on the road".
In 1870, Heisey married Susan Duncan, daughter of George Duncan, then part-owner of the Ripley Company and later full owner, at which time he changed its name to George Duncan & Sons. A year later, he deeded a quarter interest to each of his two children. A few years after his death, A.H. Heisey and James Duncan became sole owners. In 1891, the company joined the U.S. Glass Company to escape its financial difficulties. Heisey was the commercial manager.
Heisey began to formulate plans for his own glass company in 1893. He chose Newark, Ohio because there was an abundance of natural gas nearby and, due to the efforts of the Newark Board of Trade, there was plenty of low cost labor available. Construction of the factory at 301 Oakwood Avenue began in 1895 and it opened in April of 1896 with one sixteen-pot furnace. In its heyday, the factory had three furnaces and employed nearly seven hundred people. There was a great demand for the fine glass and Heisey sold it all over the world.
The production in the early years was confined to pressed ware, in the style of imitation cut glass. The company also dealt extensively with hotel barware. By the late 1890s, Heisey revived the colonial patterns with flutes, scallops, and panels which had been so popular decades earlier. These were so well accepted that from that time on, at least one colonial line was made continuously until the factory closed.
A.H. Heisey's name appears on many different design patents including some when he was with George Duncan & Sons. Heisey patterns that he was named the designer include 1225 Plain Band, 305 Punty and Diamond Point, and 1776 Kalonyal.
Other innovations instituted by A.H. Heisey were the pioneering in advertising glassware in magazines nationally, starting as early as 1910 and the first glass company to make fancy pressed stems. That idea caught on quickly and most hand-wrought stemware is made in this manner, even now.
-----------------------------------
Reference cited:
Bredehoft, N. (ed.) (2004) - Heisey glass formulas - and more, from the papers of Emmet E. Olson, Heisey chemist. The West Virginia Museum of American Glass. Ltd.'s Monograph 38.
-----------------------------------
Info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisey_Glass_Company
and
and
Site specific performances by 3rd year BA dance students, taken place in different locations around the University Campus: John Banks Laboratories, rooftop of the Art & Design building, and science ‘dry’ lab in the MHT building.
date: 3/12/2015
photo by Fenia Kotsopoulou
(HGM 865 M, Heisey Glass Museum, Newark, Ohio, USA)
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"1406 Fleur de Lis" is the designation for a specific glass product design made in Newark, Ohio by the Heisey Glass Company (1896 to 1957). Heisey glass designs are called "patterns". Pattern designations include a number (not necessarily consecutively numbered during the history of the glass factory) and a name. Some pattern names were given by the Heisey company, while others were given by Heisey glass researchers.
"Moongleam" refers to a type of colored glass that Heisey produced - in this case, light green.
The source of silica for Heisey glass is apparently undocumented, but was possibly a sandstone deposit in the Glassrock area (Glenford & Chalfants area) of Perry County, Ohio (if anyone can provide verfication of this, please inform me). Quarries in the area targeted the Pennsylvanian-aged Massillon Sandstone (Pottsville Group) and processed it into glass sand suitable for glass making.
-----------------------------------
From museum signage:
Augustus H. Heisey (1842-1922) emigrated from Germany with his family in 1843. They settled in Merrittown, Pennsylvania and after graduation from the Merrittown Academy, he worked for a short time in the printing business.
In 1861, he began his life-long career in the glass industry by taking a job as a clerk with the King Glass Company of Pittsburgh. After a stint in the Union Army, Heisey joined the Ripley Glass Company as a salesman. It was there that he earned his reputation of "the best glass salesman on the road".
In 1870, Heisey married Susan Duncan, daughter of George Duncan, then part-owner of the Ripley Company and later full owner, at which time he changed its name to George Duncan & Sons. A year later, he deeded a quarter interest to each of his two children. A few years after his death, A.H. Heisey and James Duncan became sole owners. In 1891, the company joined the U.S. Glass Company to escape its financial difficulties. Heisey was the commercial manager.
Heisey began to formulate plans for his own glass company in 1893. He chose Newark, Ohio because there was an abundance of natural gas nearby and, due to the efforts of the Newark Board of Trade, there was plenty of low cost labor available. Construction of the factory at 301 Oakwood Avenue began in 1895 and it opened in April of 1896 with one sixteen-pot furnace. In its heyday, the factory had three furnaces and employed nearly seven hundred people. There was a great demand for the fine glass and Heisey sold it all over the world.
The production in the early years was confined to pressed ware, in the style of imitation cut glass. The company also dealt extensively with hotel barware. By the late 1890s, Heisey revived the colonial patterns with flutes, scallops, and panels which had been so popular decades earlier. These were so well accepted that from that time on, at least one colonial line was made continuously until the factory closed.
A.H. Heisey's name appears on many different design patents including some when he was with George Duncan & Sons. Heisey patterns that he was named the designer include 1225 Plain Band, 305 Punty and Diamond Point, and 1776 Kalonyal.
Other innovations instituted by A.H. Heisey were the pioneering in advertising glassware in magazines nationally, starting as early as 1910 and the first glass company to make fancy pressed stems. That idea caught on quickly and most hand-wrought stemware is made in this manner, even now.
-----------------------------------
Info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisey_Glass_Company
and
and
(HGM 5806 M, Heisey Glass Museum, Newark, Ohio, USA)
-----------------------------------
"1216 Roman" is the designation for a specific glass product design made in Newark, Ohio by the Heisey Glass Company (1896 to 1957). Heisey glass designs are called "patterns". Pattern designations include a number (not necessarily consecutively numbered during the history of the glass factory) and a name. Some pattern names were given by the Heisey company, while others were given by Heisey glass researchers.
The source of silica for Heisey glass is apparently undocumented, but was possibly a sandstone deposit in the Glassrock area (Glenford & Chalfants area) of Perry County, Ohio (if anyone can provide verfication of this, please inform me). Quarries in the area targeted the Pennsylvanian-aged Massillon Sandstone (Pottsville Group) and processed it into glass sand suitable for glass making.
-----------------------------------
From Bredehoft (2004):
Amber: A pale shade of amber and also a deeper amber was produced on occasion from the 1920s on, primarily for the Fred Harvey Restaurants of the Santa Fe Railroad. In 1951, Heisey listed amber in their catalogs and called it Sultana. Sultana was a medium to deep amber.
-----------------------------------
From museum signage:
Augustus H. Heisey (1842-1922) emigrated from Germany with his family in 1843. They settled in Merrittown, Pennsylvania and after graduation from the Merrittown Academy, he worked for a short time in the printing business.
In 1861, he began his life-long career in the glass industry by taking a job as a clerk with the King Glass Company of Pittsburgh. After a stint in the Union Army, Heisey joined the Ripley Glass Company as a salesman. It was there that he earned his reputation of "the best glass salesman on the road".
In 1870, Heisey married Susan Duncan, daughter of George Duncan, then part-owner of the Ripley Company and later full owner, at which time he changed its name to George Duncan & Sons. A year later, he deeded a quarter interest to each of his two children. A few years after his death, A.H. Heisey and James Duncan became sole owners. In 1891, the company joined the U.S. Glass Company to escape its financial difficulties. Heisey was the commercial manager.
Heisey began to formulate plans for his own glass company in 1893. He chose Newark, Ohio because there was an abundance of natural gas nearby and, due to the efforts of the Newark Board of Trade, there was plenty of low cost labor available. Construction of the factory at 301 Oakwood Avenue began in 1895 and it opened in April of 1896 with one sixteen-pot furnace. In its heyday, the factory had three furnaces and employed nearly seven hundred people. There was a great demand for the fine glass and Heisey sold it all over the world.
The production in the early years was confined to pressed ware, in the style of imitation cut glass. The company also dealt extensively with hotel barware. By the late 1890s, Heisey revived the colonial patterns with flutes, scallops, and panels which had been so popular decades earlier. These were so well accepted that from that time on, at least one colonial line was made continuously until the factory closed.
A.H. Heisey's name appears on many different design patents including some when he was with George Duncan & Sons. Heisey patterns that he was named the designer include 1225 Plain Band, 305 Punty and Diamond Point, and 1776 Kalonyal.
Other innovations instituted by A.H. Heisey were the pioneering in advertising glassware in magazines nationally, starting as early as 1910 and the first glass company to make fancy pressed stems. That idea caught on quickly and most hand-wrought stemware is made in this manner, even now.
-----------------------------------
Reference cited:
Bredehoft, N. (ed.) (2004) - Heisey glass formulas - and more, from the papers of Emmet E. Olson, Heisey chemist. The West Virginia Museum of American Glass. Ltd.'s Monograph 38.
-----------------------------------
Info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisey_Glass_Company
and
and
Good oral health is a crucial component of overall health and wellness, yet one in four working Americans, many of whom have dental benefits at work, do not go to the dentist at least once a year for a checkup, let alone specific care. t.co/OqyKXv2Xkw t.co/FHpORWpD4L (via Twitter twitter.com/MarkSFreyDDS/status/1075476674857320448)
(HGM 855 M, Heisey Glass Museum, Newark, Ohio, USA)
-----------------------------------
"1202 Paneled Octagon" is the designation for a specific glass product design made in Newark, Ohio by the Heisey Glass Company (1896 to 1957). Heisey glass designs are called "patterns". Pattern designations include a number (not necessarily consecutively numbered during the history of the glass factory) and a name. Some pattern names were given by the Heisey company, while others were given by Heisey glass researchers.
"Moongleam" refers to a type of colored glass that Heisey produced - in this case, light green.
The source of silica for Heisey glass is apparently undocumented, but was possibly a sandstone deposit in the Glassrock area (Glenford & Chalfants area) of Perry County, Ohio (if anyone can provide verfication of this, please inform me). Quarries in the area targeted the Pennsylvanian-aged Massillon Sandstone (Pottsville Group) and processed it into glass sand suitable for glass making.
-----------------------------------
From museum signage:
Augustus H. Heisey (1842-1922) emigrated from Germany with his family in 1843. They settled in Merrittown, Pennsylvania and after graduation from the Merrittown Academy, he worked for a short time in the printing business.
In 1861, he began his life-long career in the glass industry by taking a job as a clerk with the King Glass Company of Pittsburgh. After a stint in the Union Army, Heisey joined the Ripley Glass Company as a salesman. It was there that he earned his reputation of "the best glass salesman on the road".
In 1870, Heisey married Susan Duncan, daughter of George Duncan, then part-owner of the Ripley Company and later full owner, at which time he changed its name to George Duncan & Sons. A year later, he deeded a quarter interest to each of his two children. A few years after his death, A.H. Heisey and James Duncan became sole owners. In 1891, the company joined the U.S. Glass Company to escape its financial difficulties. Heisey was the commercial manager.
Heisey began to formulate plans for his own glass company in 1893. He chose Newark, Ohio because there was an abundance of natural gas nearby and, due to the efforts of the Newark Board of Trade, there was plenty of low cost labor available. Construction of the factory at 301 Oakwood Avenue began in 1895 and it opened in April of 1896 with one sixteen-pot furnace. In its heyday, the factory had three furnaces and employed nearly seven hundred people. There was a great demand for the fine glass and Heisey sold it all over the world.
The production in the early years was confined to pressed ware, in the style of imitation cut glass. The company also dealt extensively with hotel barware. By the late 1890s, Heisey revived the colonial patterns with flutes, scallops, and panels which had been so popular decades earlier. These were so well accepted that from that time on, at least one colonial line was made continuously until the factory closed.
A.H. Heisey's name appears on many different design patents including some when he was with George Duncan & Sons. Heisey patterns that he was named the designer include 1225 Plain Band, 305 Punty and Diamond Point, and 1776 Kalonyal.
Other innovations instituted by A.H. Heisey were the pioneering in advertising glassware in magazines nationally, starting as early as 1910 and the first glass company to make fancy pressed stems. That idea caught on quickly and most hand-wrought stemware is made in this manner, even now.
-----------------------------------
Info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisey_Glass_Company
and
and