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The Cadets of Temperance was first established 1846 in Philadelphia, USA as an auxiliary section of the adult temperance society called the Sons of Temperance. The first British branch of the Cadets of Temperance (CoT) was established 1850 in Liverpool as the youth section of the Sons of Temperance. Membership of the CoT was for children aged up to 16 years of age but in practise, their aged generally ranged from 10 to 17 years and those tended to be the sons or daughters of parents who were already enrolled in the Sons of Temperance. From its early days the CoT in Britain worked closely with the Band of Hope, another temperance movement with a large youth membership.
The moral welfare of the Cadets would be catered for by education in good citizenship, through regular meetings, competitions and other activities to maintain their interest. Members could also parade in their Cadets’ regalia that included a sash, ribbons, medals and the badge depicting the CoT emblem. The aims of the CoT were to instil temperance values into children before they could acquire a taste for alcohol and tobacco too, as well as to encourage them to continue as adult members of the Sons of Temperance. The CoT pledge was “I solemnly promise not to make, buy, sell, or use as a drink any alcoholic liquor of any kind whatever. I promise also not to use tobacco in any form”. In addition, the CoT also sought to discourage their members from using profane language.
The Sons of Temperance were a Friendly Society whose guiding principle was total abstinence from alcohol with a strong Christian ethos. The Sons were first established in New York in 1842 from where the movement spread throughout America, to parts of Canada and in 1849 their first English branch opened in Liverpool. Its members contributed to a common fund which provided insurance, saving schemes as well as sick and death benefits. There were strict rules and conditions attached to becoming a member, of which abstinence from alcohol was paramount and this rule is still applied but perhaps not as strictly as in the past.
This medal is inscribed to a Sister A. G. Brown of the Anglican Church Women and as an adult it's likely she was actively involved with the CoT, possibly in a teaching role. The year 1925 was also the Cadets of Temperance 75th anniversary.
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References:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Temperance (Sons of Temperance - Wikipedia article).
www.sonsoftemperance.info/history_cadets_temperance.htm (Sons of Temperance UK - their history).
www.flickr.com/photos/118130027@N03/12746240895/in/photol... (A Cadets of temperance meeting group. Notice also the regalia.)
www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wijuneau/Cadets1886.htm (A CoT meeting of 1886 – shows the usual meeting agenda at that time, much like the old style of Sunday School).
www.sonsoftemperance.info/ (Sons of Temperance UK website).
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Enamels: 2 (blue & white).
Finish: n/a.
Material: Silver.
Fixer: B ale & suspension ring.
Size: 1 3/16” across (31mm).
Process: Die stamped.
Imprint: Silver hallmarked for Birmingham 1925 (A). Maker’s mark T&S in three conjoined circles for Turner & Simpson Ltd of Birmingham. Hand-engraved on the reverse side with the following text: SIS. A. G. BROWN A.C.W. (ACW may represent the Anglican Church Women, which was a women’s auxiliary organisation within the Anglican Church of Britain and Ireland).
Inflamed by the imprisonment of the strikers in the 1891 shearers’ strike, William Lane imagined a future where white English-speaking men could live on the land with their wives and children in equality, in sobriety and in social harmony. The land, however, was not to be in Queensland, or even Australia. It was to be a ‘New Australia’ in Paraguay.
Lane had been a prominent unionist and journalist in Brisbane, writing under numerous pseudonyms such as John Miller, The Sketcher, Bystander, Lucinda Sharpe and later, in New Zealand, Tohunga. His rallying cry for a new utopian communist state attracted a wave of interest from around Australia. He established the ‘New Australia Co-operative Colonisation Society’ and each prospective male was expected to pay a minimum of £60 (equivalent to over $8,500 today) into a general fund. Soon enough, his supporters had raised £30,000 (over $4 million) for the new colony.
On 1 July 1893, 238 passengers – including many Queensland bushmen and shearers – boarded the ship Royal Tar in Mort Bay in Sydney to embark for a new life in the jungles of South America. Many more followed, including poet Dame Mary Gilmore, who now graces the Australian $10 note.
Once in Paraguay, though, the English-speaking paradise-seekers soon realised the challenges of establishing a colony in a country where only Guaraní and Spanish were spoken. John Alfred Rogers wrote: ‘there are several people here barefooted and without a shirt … to their back and very often an empty belly’.
Relations with Paraguayans were forbidden by the puritanical Lane, as was alcohol. Colonists chafed against his autocratic leadership and soon started to desert the settlement.
In 1894, Lane and several other followers left New Australia to set up another Paraguayan colony: Cosme. Regardless of the new name and place, the old problems followed. It was reported that at least 80 per cent of the colonists at New Australia or Cosme would ‘gladly leave if they got the chance’. What had started as a vision of paradise ended up as a hell of hungry men, desperate wives and half-clothed children.
In November 1895, colonist Alfred Armstrong wrote:
… we bitterly regret ever having left our comfortable home … to come to this country where we cannot make a living such as is understood by a living in Australia. We are fast sinking into a wretched and hopeless condition … [and] are completely stranded here.
Some of the settlers, now disillusioned and destitute, ruefully approached the Queensland government for assistance to return and the government funded their passage home.
However, some settlers remained behind and up to 2,000 Australian Paraguayans – descendants from New Australia and Cosme – continue to live in Paraguay today.
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From left, Alexsis Johnson tells her personal story to sobriety to U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Assistant to the Secretary for Rural Development Anne Hazlett, and rural leaders participating in a roundtable discussion in Middletown, Penn., on March 14, 2018. Conversations centered around opioid misuse and its effects on rural communities.#OpioidTalk USDA Photo by Lance Cheung.
I am writing this when the day is not yet done. In fact, local time is 15:45, but we have done lots.
This is our last full day in the city, and my main aim today was go visit the Cathedral. I would have gone yesterday, but I was so hot and bothered and there was too many people.
So, put it off to today.
We were awake before seven, but lay in bed listening to the amazing silence that we enjoy here, despite being in a city. Each city block in this area looks onto a flattened area, not sure that the building is that our room looks onto, but it does mean we are isolated from the sound of the main roads nearby.
Which is nice.
We get up, shower and get dressed before going down for breakfast, which we time perfectly just before the stampede of the other guests. We have a prized table beside the window, overlooking the main road which had light traffic, for now.
Danes complain that the UK gets the best bacon and ruins it. In which case they should see what the Spanish do with bacon. Anyway, I had a small bacon roll, which did OK, but better was the three coffees which put a spring into my step.
I hoped.
Churches seems to open at half ten after the half nine Mass, meaning we had 90 minutes to walk the mile into the city, which we now know like we're locals.
My feet ache, 19,000 steps on Thursday meant that they had fewer miles in the tank this day. So, we ambled into the city centre, then took up a place looking at the porch to see when a queue might form. We had 45 minutes to wait.
We sat in the shade, and once I saw more people milling around outside the cathedral, we went over and took front place in the queue, with just 15 minutes until it opened.
I was indeed the first inside, once we paid the €9 entry fee, and so I was able to get shots with few people in them.
The Cathedral is home to the Holy Grain/Chalice. Or the one with the longest provenance, dating back to circa 2nd century AD. It's not well signposted, and seems to be in the old Chapterhouse, and is set in the middle of a dozen fine carvings. I found it by going into the museum, which exits into the Chapel.
The rest of the Cathedral is splendid, though not with the Baroque details of St Nicholas, but I go round to most of the fabulous fixtures, icons, statues and paintings, though we did not take up the offer to climb the 208 steps up the tower.
Not with these legs.
We went back outside, sat some more, and pondered what to do with the rest of the day.
Jools wanted to go swimming. So, we walk back to the hotel with the aim of picking up her costume and heading out after a half hour lay down. All was going well, but though of ice cream and/or breakfast came to mind.
A café door was open, so we went in for a drink of orange juice. But that turned into a plate of Iberian ham and fresh bread. The ham, was sensational, served with a tomato pesto, and went down very well indeed. So satisfied I was tempted to have a coffee too.
Then back to the hotel for a shave, as I could not find the razor I got out, so we had to search out a chemist to buy one. So, in ten minutes, I was shorn and lovely, then smothered in after shave.
Outside, we flagged down a taxi, and Jools explained we wanted to go to the beach. And the driver lurched off, at warp factor eight.
A twenty minute drive took us the other side of the port and marina, there was a wide beach, with a promenade and bars, restaurants.
I sat on the sea wall, while Jools went to the shore to have her swim. I was entertained by a guy with a guitar and his girlfriend on sax, murdering holiday favourites, turning every genre into muzak.
Once Jools had come back and changed into t shirt and shorts, we walk down the row of places to eat and were tempted into the second place, which offered three courses for €16. Baked cheese, followed by pork in a pepper sauce and rounded off with a coffee.
Not bad.
Not great either. But it'll do.
We walked to the main road, flagged a cab down to take us back to the hotel.
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Valencia Cathedral, at greater length the Metropolitan Cathedral–Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady of Valencia (Spanish: Iglesia Catedral-Basílica Metropolitana de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora de Valencia, Valencian: Església Catedral-Basílica Metropolitana de l'Assumpció de la Mare de Déu de València), also known as St Mary's Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic church in Valencia, Spain.
The cathedral was consecrated in 1238 by the first bishop of Valencia after the Reconquista, Pere d'Albalat, Archbishop of Tarragona, and was dedicated to Saint Mary by order of James I the Conqueror. It was built over the site of the former Visigothic cathedral, which under the Moors had been turned into a mosque. Valencian Gothic is the predominant architectural style of the cathedral, although it also contains Romanesque, French Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical elements.
The cathedral contains numerous 15th-century paintings, some by local artists (such as Jacomart), others by artists from Rome engaged by the Valencian Pope Alexander VI who, when still a cardinal, made the request to elevate the Valencian See to the rank of metropolitan see, a category granted by Pope Innocent VIII in 1492.
A purported Holy Chalice, believed by many to be the true Holy Grail, is kept in one of the cathedral's chapels.[1]
Most of Valencia Cathedral was built between the 13th century and the 15th century, and this style was mainly Gothic. However, its construction went on for centuries.[2] As a consequence there is a mixture of artistic styles, ranging from the early Romanesque, Valencian Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical.
Excavations of Almoina Archaeological Centre have unearthed the remains of the ancient Visigothic cathedral, which later became a mosque.[3] There is documentary evidence that some decades after the Christian conquest of the city (1238), the mosque-cathedral remained standing, even with the Koranic inscriptions on the walls, until 22 June 1262, when the then bishop Andreu d'Albalat [4] resolved to knock it down and build a new cathedral in its place according to the plans of the architect Arnau Vidal.[5] Hypothetically, the ancient Muslim mosque would correspond with the current transept of the cathedral, the Apostles' gate would be the entrance to the mosque and the Almoina ("alms") gate the mihrab.[6]
Stones from neighboring quarries in Burjassot and Godella were used to build the cathedral, but also from other more distant quarries such as those in Benidorm and Xàbia which came by boat.
Some reasons for the simplicity and sobriety of Valencia Cathedral are that it was built quickly to mark the Christian territory against the Muslims, and that it was not a work by a king, but by the local bourgeoisie
Although there are several styles of construction, this cathedral is basically a Gothic building, a cruciform plan with transepts north and south, and a crossing covered by an octagonal tower (cimbori), with an ambulatory and a polygonal apse.
This cathedral was begun at the end of the 13th century (1270–1300) at the same time as the mosque was being demolished. The first part to be finished was the ambulatory with its eight radiating chapels, and the Almoina Romanesque gate.
Dome of the Cathedral of Valencia.
Bell Tower, Miguelete Tower
"Door of the Irons"
Between 1300 and 1350 the crossing was finished and its west side went up as far as the Baroque Apostles' Gate. Three out of the four sections of the naves and transepts were also built. The crossing tower (cimbori or eight-sided dome) was also begun.
The old chapter house (today Holy Grail Chapel, 1356–1369), where the canons met to discuss internal affairs, and the Miguelete Tower, known as El Miguelete in Castilian Spanish or Torre del Micalet in the Valencian language, were initially separate from the rest of the church, but in 1459 the architects Francesc Baldomar and Pere Compte expanded the nave and transepts in a further section, known as Arcada Nova, and finally joined both the chapter house and the Micalet with the rest of the cathedral, thereby attaining 94 metres (308 feet) in length and 53.65 metres (176.0 feet) in width.
The centuries of the Renaissance (15th-16th centuries) had little influence on the architecture of the cathedral but much more on its pictorial decoration, such as the one at the high altar, and sculptural decoration, such as the one in the Resurrection chapel.
During the Baroque period, the German Konrad Rudolf designed in 1703 the main door of the cathedral, known as the Iron gate due to the cast-iron fence that surrounds it. Because of the War of the Spanish Succession he could not finish it, and this task fell mainly to the sculptors Francisco Vergara and Ignacio Vergara. Its concave shape, which causes a unique and studied perspective effect, was distorted during the 20th century because of the demolition of some adjacent buildings (in what was formerly Saragossa Street) to expand the square (Plaza de la Reina).
A project to renew the building was launched during the last third of the 18th century, whose intention was to give a uniform neoclassical appearance to the church, different from the original Gothic style that was then considered a vulgar work in comparison. Works started in 1774, directed by the architect Antoni Gilabert Fornés. The reshuffle affected both constructive and ornamental elements: the pinnacles were removed outside, and the Gothic structure was masked by stucco and other pseudo-classical elements.
In 1931 the church was declared a historic and artistic landmark by the Spanish government, but during the Spanish Civil War it was burned, which meant that it lost part of its decorative elements. The choir, located in the central part, was dismantled in 1940 and moved to the bottom of the high altar. The musical organs, which had suffered major damage during the war, were never rebuilt.
Also in 1970, the Houses of Canons, a building attached to the chapels facing Micalet street, were demolished to give the cathedral back its previous appearance, and at the same time elements of little or no architectural value were removed.
The task of removing the Neoclassical elements in order to recover the original Gothic aspect was undertaken in 1972. The only Neoclassical elements spared were most of the ambulatory chapels, and some isolated elements such as the sculptures at the base of the dome (cimbori).
After several restorations, the cathedral is currently in a good state of preservation, especially after the exhibition of 1999 named The Image’s Light.[8] It was once again declared a cultural landmark, this time by the regional Valencian government (Consell de la Generalitat Valenciana).
A purported Holy Chalice, believed by many to be the true Holy Grail,[9] is revered in one of the cathedral's chapels. It has been the official chalice for many popes, and has been used by many others, most recently by Pope Benedict XVI, on July 9, 2006.[10] This chalice with Arabic inscriptions dates from the 1st century, and was given to the cathedral by king Alfonso V of Aragon in 1436.
Wearing high heels, a woman attempts to walk a straight line during a sobriety test for DWI.
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Hey so tonight was my 4 year birthday talk at my homegroup. I celebrate sobriety because it is a huge flippin deal for me not to have to smoke, drink, pop, slam, or do anything in the morning to get out of bed and get going...okay I lied, I'm totally addicted to coffee or diet mtn. dew but really it's massively okay. I said so.
So anyway, I think I did a pretty good job tonight, and they laughed...they cried...my parents even came! And I didn't embarrass them, as far as I know...Anyway, I go to the best group in the world! And am thorougly blessed I get to live sober today.
I know none of you knew me back then, and count your blessings that you didn't. I'm much cooler now :) I'm grateful I get to show up in your guys lives too, so thanks for that!! xoxoxox
Hope you all are grateful for something small (or huge) in your lives everyday...And you have yourselves an awesome tomorrow!!
Getting sober does not simply mean abstaining from alcohol or the drug of choice. Recovery and sobriety require various phases of treatment and therapy that affect a client emotionally, physically and psychologically. At Drug Treatment Centers in New Haven, they understand the complexities of addiction, and what it takes to get patients on the path to recovery.
Rarely can someone break the addiction cycle without proper professional intervention. Someone bound by chemical addiction may have begun the process as a recreational user. Life’s challenges, emotional or psychological issues may have influenced an individual to continue using alcohol or drugs as a means of providing an avenue of relief or escape. Chronically using a substance causes changes in the central nervous system, which then affects other body systems. The body comes to depend on receiving the substance on a regular basis in order to function.
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This is Marco Sullivan, Olympic downhill ski champ. This pic is much funnier bc the angle reflects my sobriety
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The church dedicated to Saint-Jacques le Mineur and St. Philip is a religious building in Paris.
Far from the fortifications made by the King Philip II Augustus to defend Paris, on a lonely hill in the middle of fields along an ancient road in 1180 "brothers" of the Diocese of Saint-Jacques Altopascio just moved. This order, from Tuscany (Italy) will base a hospital, a chapel, will build hostels and structures to help the poor and pilgrims in their travels. Their name will be given later to the neighborhood "Saint-Jacques du Haut-Pas" (Altopascio).
Pope Pius II (pontiff from 1458 to 1464) suppressed the order in 1459, their places in 1572 Catherine de Medici install the "Benedictines of Saint-Magloire" The area which over time becomes denser see the need to build a new church, they will acquire this right in 1584 when a church will be built. The church of small dimensions will be transformed from 1630 under the leadership of Gaston d'Orléans.
Gaston of Orleans was the brother of King Louis XIII, a rich man with a taste for the construction, it is also responsible for the construction of a new wing in the classic style at Blois Castle. Under him, the church is made until the current form, with the expansion of the central nave and the creation of the current entry on the Rue Saint-Jacques. The church is dedicated to St. Jacques le Mineur and St. Philip. Saint-Jacques le Mineur is not the Saint-Jacques patron of Compostela because at the time Paris already has a church dedicated to this saint. In our days, from that church remains only a bell tower called "Tour Saint-Jacques."
With the name, location (on the ancient Roman Cardo) and the fact that it is possible to stay there, the church become an important stop on the pilgrimage to Compostela. The pilgrimage to Compostela (after the Reconquista in 1492) is one of three pilgrimages enshrined in the church with Rome and Jerusalem.
Following the French Revolution the church was looted, Catholic worship forbidden, yet in 1795 it opens partially but it must be shared with another organization until 1810 when due to the Concordat of 1801 the Catholic Church takes possession of his property confiscated.
Architectural description
Daniel Gittard is the architect who prepared the plans of the main body, he made the entrance porch, narthex, nave, transept and the altar. Gittard was the architect of the king, founding member of the Royal Academy of Architecture in 1671, also worked at St. Sulpice.
The entrance is a porch with four doric columns surmounted by a fronton, a large rose window in the axis of the porch runs the central part of the facade, rigor and sobriety can be seen in the composition and the lack of decoration. The bell tower is divided into three stages, the first is the narthex and has an access door and a window, the two funds designed identically contains only windows with louvre.
Classical style building, notice by the asymmetry of the facade caused by the absence of a bell tower, due to lack of money. In the initial project was also planned decorations on the walls, the statues of two saints on the front and ornaments all over the facade.
En français
L'église consacrée aux Saint-Jacques le Mineur et saint Philippe est un édifice religieux à Paris.
Loin des fortifications du roi Philippe Auguste II faites pour défendre Paris, sur une colline déserte, au milieu des champs bordant une route antique, en 1180 des « frères » de la diocèse Saint-Jacques d'Altopascio vient de s'installer. Cet ordre, originaire de la Toscane (Italie) fondera un hôpital, une chapelle, bâtira des héberges et d'autres constructions pour aider les pauvres et les pèlerins dans leur voyages. Leur nom sera donné par la suite au quartier « Saint-Jacques du Haut-Pas » (Altopascio).
Le pape Pie II (pontificat 1458-1464) supprima l'ordre en 1459, sur leurs lieux en 1572 Cathérine de Médicis installera les « Bénédictins de Saint-Magloire » Le quartier qui au fil du temps se densifie vois la nécessité de construire une nouvelle église, ils vont acquérir ce droit en 1584 quand une petite église sera construite. L'église de petites dimensions sera transformé à partir de 1630 sous l'impulsion de Gaston d'Orléans.
Gaston d'Orléans était le frère du roi Louis XIII, un homme riche ayant le goût pour la construction, à lui on doit également la construction d'une nouvelle aile de style classique au château de Blois. Sous ses ordres, l'église est faite jusqu'à la forme actuelle, avec l'agrandissement de la nef centrale et la création de l'entrée actuelle sur la rue Saint-Jacques. L'église est consacré aux Saint-Jacques le Mineur et saint Philippe. Saint-Jacques le Mineur n'est par le Saint-Jacques patron de Compostelle car à l'époque Paris possède déjà une église consacré à ce saint. De cette église, aujourd'hui ne reste qu'une tour clocher nommée « la Tour Saint-Jacques ».
Grâce au nom, à son emplacement (sur l'ancien cardo romain) et au fait qu'il est possible de s'y loger, l'église deviens une halte importante dans le chemin du pèlerinage à Compostelle. Le pèlerinage à Compostelle (après la Reconquista en 1492) étant l'un des trois pèlerinages consacrés par l’Église à coté de Rome et Jérusalem.
A la suite de la Révolution Française l'église est pillé, le culte catholique interdit, pourtant en 1795 elle ouvre partiellement, en plus elle dois partager son siège avec une autre organisation jusqu'en 1810 quand grâce au Concordat de 1801 l'église Catholique reprend la possession de ses biens confisqués.
Description architecturale
Daniel Gittard est l'architecte qui a établi les plans du corps principal, c'est qui lui a fait le porche d'entrée, le narthex, la nef, le transept et l'autel. Gittard a été l'architecte du roi, membre fondateur du l'Académie Royale d'Architecture en 1671, a travaillé aussi à l'église Saint Sulpice.
L'entrée se fait sous un porche comportant 4 colonnes doriques surmonté d'un fronton, une grande rosace dans l'axe du porche anime la partie centrale de la façade, on remarque la rigueur et la sobriété de la composition ainsi que la manque de décoration. La tour clocher est divisé en 3 étages, le premier correspond au narthex et comporte une porte d'accès et un fenêtre, les deux deniers conçus à l'identique comporte uniquement des fenêtres avec des abat-son.
De style classique, la construction se remarque par la dissymétrie de la façade causée par l'absence d'une tour clocher, due à la manque d'argent. Dans le projet initial il était prévue aussi des décorations sur la façades, les statues de deux saints sur le fronton et divers ornements sur toute la façade.
Auf Deutsch
Die Kirche Saint-Jacques le Mineur und St. Philip gewidmet ist ein religiöses Gebäude in Paris.
Weit entfernt von den Befestigungsanlagen von der König Philip II Augustus nach Paris auf einem einsamen Hügel in der Mitte der Felder auf der alten Strasse in 1180 "Brüder" der Diözese Saint-Jacques Altopascio gerade bewegt verteidigen. Die Bestellung, aus der Toskana (Italien) wird ein Krankenhaus, eine Kapelle stützen wird Hostels und Strukturen aufbauen, um den Armen und Pilger auf ihren Reisen helfen. Ihr Name wird später in der Nachbarschaft "Saint-Jacques du Haut-Pas" (Altopascio) angegeben werden.
Papst Pius II (Papst von 1458 bis 1464) unterdrückt die Reihenfolge, in 1459, ihre Plätze im Jahre 1572 Katharina von Medici installieren Sie die "Benediktiner von Saint-Magloire" Der Bereich, der mit der Zeit dichter sehen die Notwendigkeit, eine neue Kirche zu bauen, werden sie dieses Recht zu erwerben im Jahr 1584, als eine Kirche errichtet. Die Kirche von kleinen Abmessungen werden aus dem Jahre 1630 unter der Führung von Gaston d'Orléans umgewandelt werden.
Gaston von Orleans war der Bruder von König Ludwig XIII, ein reicher Mann mit einer Vorliebe für den Bau, sondern auch für den Bau eines neuen Flügels im klassischen Stil in Blois Schloss verantwortlich. Unter ihm ist die Kirche bis zum heutigen Form, mit dem Ausbau des Mittelschiffs und der Erstellung des aktuellen Eintrags auf der Rue Saint-Jacques. Die Kirche ist St. Jacques le Mineur und St. Philip gewidmet. Saint-Jacques le Mineur ist nicht die Saint-Jacques Schirmherr Compostela weil zum Zeitpunkt Paris bereits über eine Kirche auf diesem Heiligen gewidmet. In unserer Zeit, aus dieser Kirche bleibt nur noch der Glockenturm als "Tour Saint-Jacques."
Mit dem Namen, Ort (auf dem alten römischen Cardo) und der Tatsache, dass es möglich ist, dort zu bleiben, die Kirche zu einer wichtigen Station auf der Pilgerfahrt nach Santiago de Compostela. Die Wallfahrt nach Compostela (nach der Reconquista im Jahr 1492) ist eine der drei Wallfahrten in der Kirche mit Rom und Jerusalem verankert.
Nach dem Französisch Revolution wurde die Kirche geplündert, katholische Gottesdienst verboten, aber im Jahre 1795 es teilweise geöffnet, aber es muss mit einer anderen Organisation genutzt werden, bis 1810, als aufgrund des Konkordats von 1801 die katholische Kirche in Besitz seines Eigentums beschlagnahmt.
Architekturbeschreibung
Daniel Gittard ist der Architekt, der die Pläne des Hauptkörpers, machte er die Eingangshalle, Vorhalle, Kirchenschiff, Querschiff und der Altar vorbereitet. Gittard war der Architekt des Königs, Gründungsmitglied der Royal Academy of Architecture 1671, auch in St. Sulpice gearbeitet.
Der Eingang befindet sich eine Veranda mit vier dorischen Säulen von einem Giebel überragt, eine große Fensterrose in der Achse der Veranda läuft der zentrale Teil der Fassade, Strenge und Nüchternheit in der Zusammensetzung und der Mangel an Dekoration zu sehen. Der Glockenturm ist in drei Phasen unterteilt, die erste ist die Vorhalle und hat eine Zugangstür und ein Fenster, die beiden Fonds konzipiert enthält gleich nur Fenster mit Raster.
Klassizistischen Gebäude, Ankündigung durch die Asymmetrie der Fassade durch das Fehlen von einem Glockenturm verursacht, wegen des Mangels an Geld. In der ersten Projekt wurde geplant Dekorationen an den Wänden, die Statuen der beiden Heiligen auf der Vorderseite und Verzierungen auf der ganzen Fassade.
10 Years of Addiction is Hard to Conquer for Sobriety
Many addicts that spend 10 years or more addicted to drugs find it rather difficult to stay sober. Teenagers are more at risk at being addicted to drugs if they started taking them early in life. As each year passes, it gets harder to stay s...
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The grounds, though somewhat overgrown, show the signs of elegant landscaping in keeping with the restrained mid-Victorian sobriety.
Illustration of a man performing a field sobriety test for DWI.
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In a truly exceptional location that is right in the centre of the city of Lleida stands the monumental complex of the hill of the Seu Vella. It is comprised of different buildings: the Seu Vella or old cathedral, the Castle of the King or Suda, the military fortification that surrounds the site and various archaeological remains that help us understand the present.
The volumes and profiles that it generates are an overview of the history of Lleida and the hill in particular. The strategic position of this hill, rising from a flat landscape and well communicated in all directions as well as the proximity of the River Segre, has resulted in uninterrupted occupation since ancient times. It is very likely that the Iberian Iltirta, the Roman Ilerda and the Muslim Larida lie under its subsoil, as well as the excellent gothic quarter that was growing majestically in medieval times. The Seu Vella and the Castle of the King are the most outstanding evidences.
Irreparable losses and undesirable applications would come with modern times and European-wide wars, when the entire hill would be desolated and in its place a military fortification that would gradually be built. The only two buildings that were not demolished, the cathedral and the castle, were transformed into gloomy military barracks, a use that would unfortunately last until 1948. Then a slow and encouraging restoration work began that is still underway.
The Seu Vella is the most outstanding building at the monumental complex that bears its name and its silhouette, the skyline of the city. It is the old cathedral of Lleida, but it is not alone. In the city centre, on Carrer Major, we find the Seu Nova, the new cathedral. The fate of one brought on the birth of the other.
Defined as one of the best artistic productions of 13th century Catalan architecture and, by extension, of European medieval architecture, the Seu Vella is a singular cathedral that leaves no one indifferent. Its architecture shares the limelight with high quality carvings that are preserved in capitals, cornices, corbels, portals, etc. The substantial remains of preserved mural paintings or the chapels built by prominent families or distinguished church members are a reflection of a prestigious building with a splendid past.
The Seu Vella cathedral is also steeped in history, as it became an important artistic centre and the visual reference of a rich, extensive and powerful diocese.
Sobriety, grandeur and magnificence are some of its attributes. However, there are many more.
Playing the drunk driver in the simulation, Piedmont High School student Sean Cooper fails sobriety tests conducted by Piedmont Police Officer Randy Price.
With the prom right around the corner the students of Emmett O'Brien Technical School receives a sobering dose of reality this morning. A mock fatal accident was staged in the school parking lot with four of their classmates as victims complete with a rescue response by the Ansonia PD, Connecticut State Police, ARMS, and the Ansonia Volunteer Fire Department. The scene depicted a head on accident with a fatal partial ejection along with several other critically injured patients requiring extrication. The well organized drill drove home the reality of the dangers and consequences of under age drinking and driving. From the looks on the faces of the students and the attention as the crews worked on the mock patients, the driver of the car was arrested, and the deceased victim was removed from the scene it appeared as though the point of the drill was well received. Having been involved in many of these drills as rescuer and photographer I can say that the services did an excellent job of depicting the reality of an accident scene as well as performing a smooth rescue operation. The school administration and all the career and volunteer responders should be congratulated on a job well done by providing this learning experience for the students.
Lena Emmery has lived in the neighborhood for 30 years. She supports the police presence.
This is part of my story at KALW: Do San Francisco police scare drug users away from needle exchange sites?
When a syringe access program in Haight-Ashbury meets, there's often aggressive policing. But not on nights when the program doesn't meet. That can scare away drug users and have deadly consequences. SFPD's guidelines say officers shouldn't interfere.
Un autre escalier des musées du Vatican, beaucoup plus récent (2000) mais moins fascinant que l'autre.
An other stair at the Vatican museums.
First Aid vending machine in the Munich Subway. Mouthspray, Band-Aid, Drug- Sobriety- Pregnancy- and Prostate cancer tests...
The Ouija Board book I am working on presents stages of the life of Malcolm Baylor. Malcolm is the person my friends learned about in their Ouija Board sessions. The details of his life given to the girls were very minimal. They became frightened by the story the board was telling them and got rid of it. My focus in making this book is to take the pertinent aspects of the story and flesh it out with my own creative approach. My friends - now grown women in their fifties - swear this really happened. So, I am taking their tale and building a story around what they have told me.
Felici le donne cui la femminilità è talora dono di preveggenza per la confidenza che l'uomo non osa in esse versare!
(C. M. Franzero)
A woman in sandals attempts to walk a straight line during the DWI sobriety test.
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