rectangular photos on Flickr

Hierapolis: the North Necropolis – VII by Egisto Sani

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Small rectangular tomb with its partially preserved vaulted roof supported by two protruding pillars. The main facade exhibits a small entrance framed by travertine blocks. A small window opens at center of the vault. The sizes of the building are too small to access inside the tombs. The relatives of the deceased could only lean towards the inside and perform the funeral rites through the small door.

North Necropolis

Hierapolis of Phrygia

Pamukkale, Turkey

per ardua by Andy P

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Rectangular office block under construction in Charles Street

Oregon Coast #3 by Perry J. Resnick

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Oregon Coast

500px Gallery:

500px.com/PJResnick/photos

Better on black. Click on photo or press L.

Fluidr Gallery:

www.fluidr.com/photos/pjrone

Fluidr Gallery Sets:

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West Breakwater Drawing 1898 by Ashtabula Archive

(This is a high-resolution scan. Unfortunately, Flickr does not seem to support these kinds of long rectangular images. I will try posting separate detail sections)

Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio. West Breakwater.

U. S. Engineer Office

Cleveland, Ohio

To accompany annual report for fiscal year ending June 30, 1898

Jared A. Smith

Colonel, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army

Annual Reports of the War Department, Volume 2, Part 4, 1898

books.google.com/books?id=bNRBAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA2688&amp...

JARED A. SMITH

Military History. — Cadet at the Military Academy, July 1, 1858, to June 17, 1862, when he was graduated and promoted in the Army to

Second Lieut., Corps of Engineers, June 17, 1862.

Served during the Rebellion of the Seceding States, 1862‑66: as Asst. Engineer on the staff of Major-General Banks, July 10 to Nov. 24, 1862; in the Northern Virginia Campaign, July 10 to Sep. 3, 1862, being engaged in the Battle of Cedar Mountain, Aug. 9, 1862, — and several

(Bvt. First Lieut., Aug. 9, 1862, for Gallant and Meritorious Services at the Battle of Cedar Mountain, Va.)

Skirmishes, Aug., 1862; on sick leave of absence, Aug. 28 to Nov. 22, 1862; at the Military Academy, as Asst. Professor of Geography, History, and Ethics, Nov. 26, 1862, to Aug. 19, 1863; as Asst. Engineer in

(First Lieut., Corps of Engineers, Mar. 3, 1863)

the construction of the Defenses of Portland, Me., and of the Northeastern Coast, Aug. 11, 1863, to Aug. 9, 1864, — of the Defenses of

(Captain, Corps of Engineers, June 25, 1864)

Baltimore, Md., Aug. 10 to Sep. 22, 1864, — of Ft. Montgomery, N. Y., Sep. 28, 1864, to Mar. 2, 1865, — and of Ft. Ontario, N. Y. (in local charge), Mar. 3, 1865, to Nov. –––––, 1866; on Engineer Recruiting

(Bvt. Major, Mar. 13, 1865,

for Gallant and Meritorious Services during the Rebellion)

service, Dec. 1, 1863, to Aug. 9, 1864.

Served: as Superintending Engineer of the Construction of the Defenses of New Bedford Harbor, Mas., and Preservation of Plymouth Beach, Mas., Nov., 1866, to June 1, 1869, — and Examinations for Improvement of Taunton River, and Duxbury Beach, Mas., 1868; as Assistant Engineer on the Geodetic Survey of the Northern Lakes, from p849 1869 to Apr. 1, 1871, — on Surveys and Plans for a Harbor of Refuge in Lake Huron, Apr. 1, 1871, to Dec. 1, 1873 (leave of absence in Europe, May 28 to Sep. 26, 1873), — and on the Defenses of Key West and Dry Tortugas, Fla., Dec. 12, 1873, to Jan. 29, 1874; as Superintending Engineer

(Major, Corps of Engineers, Jan. 13, 1874)

of the Construction of the Defenses of Key West and Dry Tortugas, Fla., Jan. 29, 1874, to Dec. 16, 1876, being at the same time Engineer of the Seventh Light-house District; in charge of various River and Harbor Improvements, Surveys, etc., in Indiana, Jan. 22, 1877, to July 16, 1884; on sick leave of absence, Sep. 18, 1880, to Apr. 28, 1881; as Engineer of Fifth and Sixth Light-house Districts, June 20, 1884, to Feb. 18, 1886; in charge of Fortifications and River and Harbor Improvements in Maine and New Hampshire, since Feb. 28, 1886; and as Member of various Engineer Boards, 1877‑90.

Lieut.‑Colonel, Corps of Engineers, Apr. 7, 1888.

Vol. IV

p135 [Supplement, Vol. IV: 1890‑1900]

Military History. — Stationed at Portland, Me., in charge of fortification and river and harbor works in Maine and New Hampshire, Feb. 27, 1886 to Dec. 9, 1891. — at Cleveland, O., in charge of improvement of rivers and harbors on Lake Erie, west of Erie, Pa., Dec. 11, 1891 to –––––; Member of various Boards of Engineer Officers on river and harbor improvements.

(Colonel, Corps of Engineers, Feb. 5, 1897)

Vol. V

p106 [Supplement, Vol. V: 1900‑1910]

Military History. — Member of Board of Engineers (under Act of Congress of March 2, 1889), to examine coast of Texas and report upon subject of obtaining deep water harbors on that coast, March 16 to Dec. 16, 1889. — At Cleveland, Ohio, in charge of improvement of rivers and harbors on Lake Erie west of Erie, Pa., Dec. 11, 1891 to Dec. 1, 1900. — Engineer of Tenth Lighthouse District, Dec. 11, 1891 to Aug. 19, 1897. — Member of Board of Engineers under Act of Congress of June 29, 1898, on the construction of an international bridge across the Niagara River, in September, 1898. — Division Engineer of the Pacific Division, Dec. 15, 1900 to Sept. 23, 1901. During same time, member and President of the California Debris Commission, and member of Board of Engineers for examination of Engineer Officers for promotion; for subjects relating to improvement of the Sacramento and Feather Rivers, Cal., and regulation of harbor lines of San Francisco and adjacent waters. — Oct. 1, 1901 to June 30, 1902, in charge of the improvement of the Delaware River. — Oct. 1, 1901 to April 12, 1903, in charge of the construction of warn for the defense of the Delaware River, and of improvement of channels of streams tributary to Delaware River and Bay, and of construction of Interior Water Way from Chincoteague, Va., to the Delaware Bay at or near Lewes, Del., and of the removal of various wrecks in Delaware Bay and adjacent waters of the Atlantic coast.

(Brigadier-General, U. S. Army, April 13, 1903)

Retired from Active Service April 14, 1903,

at his own request, after over 40 Years' Service.

Civil History. — Since retirement consulting engineer at Cleveland, Ohio. — Member of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Building Commission since March 18, 1905, and President of same since September, 1907. — Residence, Cleveland, Ohio.

Vol. VI

p99 [Supplement, Vol. VI: 1910‑1920]

(Jared Augustine Smith, Born July 6, 1840.)

Military History. —

Brigadier-General, U. S. A., April 13, 1903.

Brigadier-General, U. S. A., Retired, April 14, 1903,

at His Own Request After Over 40 Years' Service.

Civil History. — After retirement, consulting engineer at Cleveland, Ohio. Member of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Building Commission from March 18, 1905, and President of same from September, 1907.

Died, Dec. 17, 1910, at Cleveland, Ohio: Aged 70.

Portrait and obituary in Annual Report, Association of Graduates, for 1911.

Buried, Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, OH.

Rectangular Infantry Pillbox, Bagshot Heath by Steve Poole

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Possibly positioned to protect the Sandhurst Military Academy which is very close by...

Rectangular Apple Crisp by John

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baked in a rectangular dish on purpose

alineación rectangular by Martin Eugenio

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Wien, 1. Bezirk (the art of very historical places and listed palace buildings of Vienna), Heldenplatz/Hofburg (Neue Burg/Festsaaltrakt) by alfred lex

further pictures and information are available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)

History of the Vienna Hofburg

First residence

With the elevation of Austria to Archduchy in 1156, Vienna became a city of residence. From the residence of the Babenberg dynasty, who was located on the present site "Am Hof", unfortunately, there do not exist any remains anymore. After the extinction of the Babenberg, Ottokar II of Bohemia (1230-1278) took over by marriage the rule in Vienna and began in 1275 with the construction of a castle within the city walls of Vienna. This castle was equipped with four towers around a rectangular court that is known as Schweizerhof today. In the battle for the German crown Ottokar was defeated at the Battle of Dürnkrut by Rudolf I of Habsburg (1218-1291) and killed during the retreat.

As the old residence of the Babenberg in 1276 burned down, Rudolf probably 1279 moved into the former castle of Ottokar. The descendants of Rudolf extended the castle only slightly: castle chapel (documentary mention in 1296), St. Augustine's Church (consecrated in 1349), reconstruction of the chapel (1423-1426). Due to the division of the lands of the Habsburg Vienna lost its importance and also lacked the financial resources to expand the castle.

Imperial residence

Under Frederick III. (1415-1493) the Habsburgs obtained the imperial title and Vienna became an imperial residence. But Friedrich and his successors used the Vienna Residence only rarely and so it happened that the imperial residence temporarily orphaned. Only under Ferdinand I (1503-1564) Vienna again became the capital of the Archduchy. Under Ferdinand set in a large construction activity: The three existing wings of the Swiss court were expanded and increased. The defensive wall in the northwest as fourth tract with the Swiss Gate (built in 1552 probably by Pietro Ferrabosco) was rebuilt. In the southwest, a tract for Ferdinand's children (the so-called "children Stöckl") was added. The newly constituted authorities Exchequer and Chancery were located in adjacent buildings at Castle Square. Were added in the castle an art chamber, a hospital, a passage from the castle to St. Augustine's Church and a new ballroom.

First major extensions of the residence

In the area of "desolate church" built Ferdinand from 1559 a solitary residence for his son. However, the construction was delayed, and Maximilian II (1527-1576) after his father's death in 1564 moved into the ancient castle. His residence he for his Spanish horses had converted into a Hofstallgebäude (Stallburg - stables) and increased from 1565 .

Ferdinand I decided to divide his lands to his three sons, which led to a reduction of Vienna as a residence. Moreover, stayed Maximilian II, who was awarded alongside Austria above and below the Enns also Bohemia and Hungary, readily in Prague and he moved also the residence there. In 1575 he decided to build a new building in front of the Swiss court for the royal household of his eldest son, Rudolf II (1552-1612). The 1577 in the style of the late Renaissance completed and in 1610 expanded building, which was significantly fitted with a turret with "welscher hood" and an astronomical clock, but by the governor of the Emperor (Archduke Ernst of Austria) was inhabited. However, the name "Amalienborg Castle" comes from Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (wife of Joseph I.), which in 1711 there installed her widow seat.

In the late 16th and early 17th Century only a few extensions were carried out: extension of a separate tract in the northeast of the castle for the Treasure and Art chamber (1583-1585) and setting up of a dance hall in the area of today's Redoutensäle (1629-1631).

Under Leopold I the dance hall by Ludovico Burnacini 1659/1660 was rebuilt into an at that time modern theater ("Comedy House"). 1666 Leopold I in the area of today's castle garden a new opera house with three tiers and a capacity of 5,000 people had built.

In the 1660-ies under Leopold I (1640-1705) after the plans of architect Filiberto Lucchese an elongated wing building between the Amalienborg Castle and the Schweizerhof, the so-called Leopoldine Wing, was built. However, since the tract shortly after the completion burned down, this by Giovanni Pietro Tencala was set up newly and increased. Architecturally, this tract still connects to the late Renaissance. The connection with the Amalienborg castle followed then under Leopold's son Joseph I (1678-1711).

After completion of the Leopoldine Wing the in the southeast of castle located riding school was renewed, the south tower of the old castle pulled down, the old sacristy of the chapel replaced by an extension. Under Charles VI. (1685-1740) the Gateway Building between cabbage market (Kohlmarkt) and Courtyard by Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt was transformed into a monumental triumphal arch as a representative sign of the imperial power. However, this construction does not exist anymore, it had to give way to the Michael tract.

Baroque redesign of the Hofburg

In the early 18th Century set in a buoyant construction activity. The emperor commissioned Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach with the construction of new stables outside the city walls and a new court library.

After the death of Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, his son Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach took over the construction management for the stables and the court library. 1725 the palatial front of the stables was completed. As already during the construction period has been established that the stables were dimensioned too small, the other wings were not realized anymore. The with frescoes by Daniel Gran and statues of Emperors by Paul Strudel equipped Court Library was completed in 1737.

Opposite the Leopoldine Wing a new Reich Chancellery should be built. 1723 was entrusted with the planning Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. 1726, however, the supervision the Reich Chancellery was withdrawn and transferred to the Chancery and thus Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach, who also designed the adjacent Court Chamber and the front to St. Michael's Church. 1728 the Court Chamber and the facade of the two buildings were completed. By Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach was also the Michaelertrakt, the connection between the Winter Riding School and the Imperial Chancellery Wing planned. However, since the old Burgtheater the building was in the path, this was half done for a period of 150 years and was only completed in 1889-1893 by Ferdinand Kirschner .

Under Maria Theresia (1717-1780) the at St. Michael's Square located and only as remnants existing Ballhaus was adapted as a court theater. Beside the Emperor hospital in return a new ball house was built, being eponymous for the Ballhausplatz. Subsequently, there occured again and again conversions and adaptations: reconstruction of the comedy hall according to the plans of Jean Nicolas Jadot into two ballrooms, the small and large ball room (1744-1748). The transformation of the two halls (from 1760), repair of the Court Library, and from 1769 onwards the design of the Josephsplatz took place under Joseph Nicolas of Pacassi. These buildings were completed by the successor of Pacassi Franz Anton Hillebrandt. As an extension for the Court Library in the southeast the Augustinian tract was built.

Other structural measures under Maria Theresia: establishment of the court pharmacy into the Stallburg, relocation of the in the Stallburg housed art collection into the Upper Belvedere, razing of the two remaining towers of the old castle, the construction of two stairways (the ambassador stairway and the column stairways (Botschafter- and Säulenstiege).

Extensions in the 19th Century and early 20th century

Francis II (1768-1835) gave Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen and his wife Marie Christine (daughter of Maria Theresa) the Palais Tarouca south of the Augustinian monastery. From 1800 this was remodeled by Louis Montoyer and extended by a wing building to today's Albertina.

1804, Francis II proclaimed the hereditary Empire of Austria and was, consequently, as Franz I the first Emperor of Austria. With the by Napoleon Bonaparte provoked abdication of the emperor in 1806 ended the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.

1809 part of the old bastions was blown up at the castle in consequence of the war with Napoleon, and after it blazed. Towards today's ring road, then new outworks were created (the so-called Hornwerkskurtine and the Escarpen). In the early 20-ies of the 19th Century were layed out three gardens: the private imperial castle garden with two of Louis Remy planned steel/glass- constructed greenhouses, Heroes Square (Heldenplatz) with avenues and the People's garden (Volksgarten) with the Theseus Temple (Pietro Nobile). At the same time, emerged also the new, 1821 by Luigi Cagnola began and 1824 by Pietro Nobile completed outer castle gate.

1846 was built a monumental memorial to Francis I in Inner Castle Square. In the turmoil of the 1848 revolution the Stallburg was stormed and fought fiercely at the outer castle square and the castle gate. As a result, the roof of the court library burned. The political consequences of the revolution were the abdication of Emperor Ferdinand I (1793-1875), the dismissal of the dreaded Chancellor Clemens Lothar Fürst Metternich and the enthronement of Ferdinand's nephew Franz Joseph.

In the first years of the reign of Emperor Franz Joseph I (1830-1916) the royal stables of Leopold Mayer have been redesigned and expanded. As part of the expansion of the city, the city walls were razed and instead of the fortifications arose place for a magnificent boulevard, the Ringstrasse. 1862, the idea of an Imperial Forum by architect Ludwig Förster was born. On the surface between the Hofburg and the Imperial Stables should arise court museums (Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History).

At the outer Castle Square (today's Heldenplatz) were in the 60-ies of the 19th Century the by Anton Dominik Fernkorn created equestrian statues of Archduke Charles (victor over Napoleon at the Battle of Aspern) and Prince Eugene of Savoy (victor over the Turks in several battles) set up.

After an unsuccessful architectural competition on the design of the Heroes' Square area in 1869 Gottfried Semper could be won. This led to the involuntary and not frictionless collaboration with Carl Freiherr von Hasenauer. Planned was a two-wing complex beyond the ring road, with the two flanking twin museums (Art and Natural History Museum) and the old stables as a conclusion. 1871 was began with the Erdaushebungen (excavations) for the museums. 1889, the Museum of Natural History was opened, and in 1891, the Museum of Art History.

On a watercolor from 1873 by Rudolf Ritter von Alt (1812 - 1905) an overall view of the Imperial Forum is shown.

1888, the Old Court Theatre at St. Michael's Square was demolished, as the new KK Court Theatre (today's Burgtheater), built by Gottfried Semper and Carl Freiherr von Hasenauer, was finished. The since 150 years existing construction site at St. Michael's Square could be completed. The roundel got a dome, the concave curved Michaelertrakt was finalized by Ferdinand Kirschner. The once by Lorenzo Mattielli created cycle of statues on the facade of the Reich Chancellery was continued with four other "deeds of Hercules' at he side of the passage arches. 1893, the Hofburg had finally got its ostentatious show facade.

1901, the old greenhouses were demolished and replaced by an orangery with Art Nouveau elements according to plans by Friedrich Ohmann (completed in 1910). In 1907, the Corps de Logis, which forms the end of the Neue Burg, is completed. Since Emperor Franz Joseph I in budding 20th Century no longer was interested in lengthy construction projects and the heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este (1863-1914) was against the establishment of a throne hall building, but was in favour for the construction of a smaller ballroom tract, the implementation of the second wing was dropped. After the assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este in Sarajevo, the First World War broke out. Franz Joseph I died in 1916. A great-nephew of Franz Joseph I, Charles I (1887-1922), succeeded to the throne, however, he held only two years. The end of the First World War also meant the end of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. On 11 November 1918 the First Republic was proclaimed. As Karl although renounced to government business, but not to the throne, he had to go into exile with his family.

The Imperial Palace in the 20th century

The interior design of the ballroom tract and the Neue Burg continued despite the end of the monarchy until 1926. By the end of the monarchy, many of the buildings lost their purpose. Furthermore used or operated was the Riding School. The stables were used from 1921 as an exhibition site of the Vienna Fair ("Fair Palace"). In 1928, the Corps de Logis, the Museum of Ethnology, until then part of the Natural History Museum, opened. In 1935 the collection of weapons (Court, Hunting and Armour Chamber) of the Kunsthistorisches Museum (Museum of Art History) came in the Neue Burg.

1933/1934 the outer castle gate by Rudolf Wondracek was transformed into the hero monument to the victims of the First World War. 1935 emerged on the left and on the right of the castle gate the pylon portals with eagle sculptures by William Frass. In March 1938, the Heroes Square and the balcony of the Neue Burg gained notoriety after Adolf Hitler to the cheering crowd at the Heldenplatz announced the annexation of Austria to the German Reich. The Nazis were planning a redesign of the Heroes' Square to a paved parade and ceremony space. The plans were not realized since 1943 a fire pond at Heldenplatz was dredged and the place was later used for agriculture. In the Trade Fair Palace during the period of Nazism propaganda events were held.

During the war, the Hofburg (Imperial Stables, St. Augustine's Church, Albertina, the official building of the Federal President, the current building of the Federal Chancellery) was severely damaged by bombing: The first President of the Second Republic, Dr. Karl Renner, in 1946 the Office of the President moved into the Leopoldine Wing (in the former living quarters of Maria Theresa and Joseph II).

During the occupation time the seat of the Inter-Allied Commission was housed in the Neue Burg.

1946 first events were held in the Exhibition Palace again, and were built two large halls in the main courtyard of the Exhibition Palace. In the course of the reconstruction war damages were disposed and the Imperial Palace was repaired, the barn castle (Stallburg) erected again. In 1958, in the ballroom wing the convention center has been set up.

1962-1966 the modern Library of the Austrian National Library is housed in the Neue Burg.

1989 emerged for the first time the notion of a "Museum Quarter". The museum quarter should include contemporary art and culture. The oversized design by Laurids and Manfred Ortner but was downsized several times after resistance of a citizens' initiative. It was implemented a decade later.

1992 the two Redoutensäle (ball rooms) burned out completely. Yet shortly after the fire was started with reconstruction. The roof was reconstructed and the little ball room (Kleiner Redoutensaal) could be restored. The big ball room, however, was renovated and designed with paintings by Josef Mikl. In 1997 the two halls were reopened.

From 1997-2002 the Museum Quarter (including Kunsthalle Wien, Leopold Collection) was rebuilt and the old building fabric renovated.

Was began in 1999 with the renovation of the Albertina. The by a study building, two exhibit halls and an underground storage vault extended Museum was reopened in 2003. The Albertina ramp was built with an oversized shed roof by Hans Hollein.

In 2006, additional rooms for the convention center were created by the boiler house yard.

(Source: Trenkler, Thomas: "The Hofburg Wien", Vienna, 2004)

www.burghauptmannschaft.at/php/detail.php?ukatnr=12185&am...

Rectangular architecture, Torrevieja by Ilpo Paukkeri

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rectangular by Ron Donoghue

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Vilafranca del Penedès by 11299883

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Basílica d'una sola nau de planta rectangular (33'9 x 14'8 ), dividida en cinc trams coberts amb volta de creueria, amb capelles laterals entre els contraforts. Coberta de teules àrabs a dues aigües. L'absis és de planta poligonal de set panys i contraforts interiors; amb la coberta de teules a set aigües. Capella del Sagrament de planta i cúpula el·líptiques amb sagristia de dues plantes adossada. Trobem contraforts de cantonada amb torres octogonals i finestrals apuntats a cada pany i coberta de pavelló

Campanar de cinc pisos coberts amb voltes nervades i escala de cargol. Agulla superior de dues plantes amb coberta de pavelló i campanes. Després de la reforma de 1903, la façana principal, exceptuant detalls, va quedar com el projecte del segle XV. El portal és atrompetat i té un sòcol amb arcuació cega ornamental. Sobre d'aquest hi ha fornícules, a banda i banda, amb els corresponents dosserets, amb unes escultures sobre pedestals que representen Sant Antoni de Pàdua, Sant Pau apòstol, Sant Lluc evangelista i el profete Jeremies. Són obra de l'escultor Atxé. Al timpà, hi ha la representació de la coronació de la Mare de Déu, esculpida per Alentorn. La part superior consta de muntants i arquivoltes, amb bordons, coronada per un gablet triangular. Entre aquest i l'arc, hi ha esculpida la figura del Pare Etern. Als angles del gablet, hi trobem figures d'àngels. Al frontal superior, destaca la rosassa de vidres de colors. Al damunt, hi ha l'escut de la vila esculpit. La façana acaba amb una decoració d'arquets cecs i a la part central, hi ha una creu de pedra. Queda flanquejada per dues torres acabades amb sengles campanars octogonals de coberta piramidal. Hi ha una entrada lateral, per la plaça de Santa Maria, coneguda antigament com portal dels capellans. És de tradició romànica i es data a finals del segle XIII. És de ventall semicircular, enriquida per set arquivoltes, que descansen sobre columnes provistes d'escultures de fullaraca i bestiari. Destaca en el centre superior una petita escultura d'un àngel de mig cos. A les tres dovelles centrals hi ha pintada la crucifixió de Crist amb la Mare de Déu i el sol a la dreta i sant Joan i la lluna a l'esquerra. Sota les arcades es veuen personatges amb orles, possiblement siguin els apòstols. Foren descobertes l'any 1973. La cripta està per sota el presbiteri, que resta per sobre del nivell general del temple. Antigament s'hi accedia per una escalinata frontal. Consta de dues voltes de carreus, de les que destaquen dues claus de volta de contorn rodó, una d'elles amb el tema de la resurrecció, on Crist està disposat triomfant sobre la tomba amb una creu a la mà i amb l'altra alçada, amb el cos parcialment cobert per una toga subjectada amb sivella. Dos soldats amb armadura a cada costat. A l'altra, el tema representat és una Pietat. La primera volta té dos arcs d'intersecció. La segona està rebaixada i sostinguda per vuit arcs radials. L'orgue està situat al costat de l'epístola.

Obra plantejada en el segle XIII; la primera pedra es va posar l'any 1285 i la consagració es va fer l'any 1484.

L'any 1558 es comencen les obres de la cripta que finalitzen l'any 1561. En aixecar el paviment del presbiteri per fer la cripta, es va trobar una caixeta de bronze amb relíquies de Sant Jaume Apòstol, Sant Llorenç màrtir i Sant Francesc. La importància parroquial i el seu continuat creixement fa que hi hagi reformes a cada segle. A principis del segle XVI, s'acaba la portalada de la façana principal amb una llotja d'estil renaixentista. L'any 1561 es construí la cripta que era anomenada capella fonda. El fet més destacat del segle XVIII, és l'enfonsament de la volta, l'any 1753. Les obres de reconstrucció van durar fins l'any 1760 i el principal mestre d'obres fou Marc Trius de Vilafranca. A partir de 1871, s'inicien una sèrie de reformes per tal de recuperar l'aspecte gòtic de l'edifici, que les modificacions dels segles anteriors havien anat camuflant. El projecte de restauració s'encarregà a l'arquitecte Francisco P. de Villar. L'any 1903 es reconstrueix la façana principal i es substitueix la llotja renaixentista per una portada d'estil gòtic, seguint l'estil del basament original, del segle XV. L'any 1920 aconsegueix la dignitat basilical del papa Benet XV. El 6 d'octubre de l'any 1934 fou incendiada, causant diversos danys. La reconstrucció fou subvencionada pel Servei de Conservació de Monuments de la Diputació, qui envià l'arquitecte Jeroni Martorell. La façana, a imitació del segle XVI fou dissenyada per Josep Brugal, que es va fer càrrec de la direcció a partir de l'any 1942.

patrimonicultural.diba.cat/#

rectangular block log cabin .. by Françoise.B

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recyclé en pochette.

Rectangular Wave by Peter Kelly

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New Lanark Church by David M. Gray

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By Thomas Carlaw, 1898-99. Single storey, 4-bay, rectangular-plan, simple Gothic church with W belfry and porch; bellcote to gable. Snecked pink sandstone with polished yellow ashlar dressings. Base course, eaves course. Long and short quoins. Regular fenestration to N & S elevations with roll-moulded hoodmoulds and tabbed, chamfered margins. 2-leaf timber-boarded door to gabled lobby-porch.

Ecclesiastical building no longer in use as such (since 1971). It was sold by the Church of Scotland to the New Lanark Association Ltd in 1974 and now serves as a community hall. Though simple in design the detailing of the church is good both inside and out and reflects the training and early years of the architect Thomas Carlaw (who also trained as a carpenter).

The church post-dates Dale's and Owen's involvement with the village by more than 50 years. The fact that they did not provide a church for the mill-workers (other than the New Buildings and later the Institute for the Formation of Character, where religious services of sorts could be held) indicates Dale's attitude to the established church and Owen's strong opposition to organised religion.

Henry Birkmyre, proprietor of the Gourock Ropework Company who acquired the mills in 1881, was a staunch supporter of the United Presbyterian Church. He gave the site for the church free of charge as well as paying for the installation of electric power. The foundation stone was laid on 15 October 1898 and it was opened in June 1899. The church provided accommodation for 250 people and cost £1200.

Rectangular disappearing pin wheel... by K

Rectangular Wicked Chocolate cake with 3D fondant torso & hairy testicle by Charly's Bakery

Mar rectangular by Abel Francés Quesada

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FACEBOOK I WEB

Rectangular Circle by Hugo Baptista

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A security guard came and asked me what I was doing. I said taking photos of burning steel wool.. he said: oh ok.. but don't do anything crazy ok? have a good night... They should all be like that...

Computer Cluster - Rectangular by David Woo

I learned a lot this afternoon from simply asking library staff if I could take some photos in the library. First of all, that no one whom I initially asked knew the answer to my question suggests that not many people take photos in the library, for whatever reason, for which reason the staff did not know whether or not I could take photos. Second, that the more I asked around, the more my question crept quietly up the chain of command, until at length the director of the library was asked, when she walked onto the premises after lunch, suggests that there is a centralized command in the library; in that regard, this institution is not organized in a similar manner to the way by which HKU is organized. Finally, that nobody knew the answer but rather than assume authority deferred to the director's discretion suggests that there are very few change agents, if any at all, in this institution. That isn't necessarily a bad thing, however, because this organization likely doesn't have to deal with major change at the moment: the best course of action is plodding straight ahead.

Likewise, no one whom I asked knew about the library's renovation cost and the cost of being a donor; but these staff members did point me to someone else who could possibly answer my question!

The lights were off in the men's washroom. It seems as if the washroom isn't used much. Inside the washroom, I noticed the automated sinks, urinals and paper towel dispenser -- that reminded me much of Hong Kong and South Korea; automation has arrived in America! In addition, I enjoyed the hot water flowing from the sinks. That was a pleasant surprise.

What impresses me the most about this library is the seating variety. There are not only many different types of seating furniture, but also many different environments in which these seats are placed: by windows; inside rooms; in seating areas; in corners. In addition, just as there were many different types of furniture looks, so there were, in fact, more broadly, many different, conspicuous areas in the library. They were clearly labeled to boot. In this way, this library shares its best feature with the City University of Hong Kong library: such a variety of learning spaces that surely one would find at least one type conducive toward studying. In this instance, I liked to study at the rectangular table in the cafe area. Many libraries, including the HKU library, could certainly improve its learning space by following the diversity model adopted by both the CityU library and the Livingston library.

What also makes this library conducive toward studying is its underuse. One could find a seat anywhere in the library: no squatting, thankfully. The shelves also seem underutilized. While on an individual basis, this surplus in seating is a boon, this surplus is lamentable for the community since it obviously isn't taking full advantage of this invaluable learning space!

I gushed about the effectiveness of the library's learning space to the staff. Perhaps they were amused that such a mundane environment to them could be so special to me.

Maingasse, Karlstadt am Main, Lower Franconia, Franconia, Bavaria, Germany by Billy Wilson

4

Looking southeast from Kärrnergasse.

"Karlstadt is a town in the Main-Spessart in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany. It is the administrative centre of Main-Spessart (Kreisstadt), and has a population of around 15,000.

Karlstadt lies on the River Main in the district (Landkreis) of Main-Spessart, roughly 25 km north of the city of Würzburg. It belongs to the Main-Franconian wine-growing region. The town itself is located on the right bank of the river, but the municipal territory extends to the left bank.

Since the amalgamations in 1978, Karlstadt's Stadtteile have been Gambach, Heßlar, Karlburg, Karlstadt, Laudenbach, Mühlbach, Rohrbach, Stadelhofen, Stetten, and Wiesenfeld.

From the late 6th to the mid-13th century, the settlement of Karlburg with its monastery and harbor was located on the west bank of the Main. It grew up around the Karlsburg, a castle perched high over the community, that was destroyed in the German Peasants' War in 1525.

In 1202, Karlstadt itself was founded by Konrad von Querfurt, Bishop of Würzburg. The town was methodically laid out with a nearly rectangular plan to defend Würzburg territory against the Counts of Rieneck. The plan is still well preserved today. The streets in the old town are laid out much like a chessboard, but for military reasons they are not quite straight.

In 1225, Karlstadt had its first documentary mention. In 1236, the castle and the village of Karlburg were destroyed in the Rieneck Feud. In 1244, winegrowing in Karlstadt was mentioned for the first time. From 1277 comes the earliest evidence of the town seal. In 1304, the town fortifications were finished. The parish of Karlstadt was first named in 1339. In 1369 a hospital was founded. Between 1370 and 1515, remodelling work was being done on the first, Romanesque parish church to turn it into a Gothic hall church. About 1400, Karlstadt became for a short time the seat of an episcopal mint. The former Oberamt of the Princely Electorate (Hochstift) of Würzburg was, after Secularization, in Bavaria's favour, passed in 1805 to Grand Duke Ferdinando III of Tuscany to form the Grand Duchy of Würzburg, and passed with this to the Kingdom of Bavaria.

The Jewish residents of the town had a synagogue as early as the Middle Ages. The town's synagogue was destroyed on Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass, 9 November 1938) by Nazi SA men, SS, and Hitler Youth, as well as other local residents. Its destruction is recalled by a plaque at the synagogue's former site. The homes of Jewish residents were attacked as well, the possessions therein were looted or brought to the square in front of the town hall where they were burned, and the Jews living in the town were beaten.

Lower Franconia (German: Unterfranken) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities).

After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria the state was totally reorganised and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative government regions (German: Regierungsbezirke, singular Regierungsbezirk), in Bavaria called Kreise (singular: Kreis). They were created in the fashion of the French departements, quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers.

In the following years, due to territorial changes (e. g. loss of Tyrol, addition of the Palatinate), the number of Kreise was reduced to 8. One of these was the Untermainkreis (Lower Main District). In 1837 king Ludwig I of Bavaria renamed the Kreise after historical territorial names and tribes of the area. This also involved some border changes or territorial swaps. Thus the name Untermainkreis changed to Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg, but the city name was dropped in the middle of the 20th century, leaving just Lower Franconia.

From 1933, the regional Nazi Gauleiter, Otto Hellmuth, (who had renamed his party Gau "Mainfranken") insisted on renaming the government district Mainfranken as well. He encountered resistance from Bavarian state authorities but finally succeeded in having the name of the district changed, effective 1 June 1938. After 1945 the name Unterfranken was restored.

Franconia (German: Franken, pronounced [ˈfʁaŋkŋ̍]; Franconian: Franggn [ˈfrɑŋɡŋ̍]; Bavarian: Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: Fränkisch).

Franconia is made up of the three Regierungsbezirke of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia in Bavaria, the adjacent, Franconian-speaking, South Thuringia, south of the Thuringian Forest—which constitutes the language boundary between Franconian and Thuringian— and the eastern parts of Heilbronn-Franconia in Baden-Württemberg.

Those parts of the Vogtland lying in Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia west of the Spessart (largest city: Aschaffenburg) do consider themselves as Franconian, although not speaking the dialect. Heilbronn-Franconia's largest city of Heilbronn and its surrounding areas are South Franconian-speaking, and therefore only sometimes regarded as Franconian. In Hesse, the east of the Fulda District is Franconian-speaking, and parts of the Oden Forest District are sometimes regarded as Franconian for historical reasons, but a Franconian identity did not develop there.

Franconia's largest city and unofficial capital is Nuremberg, which is contiguous with Erlangen and Fürth, with which it forms the Franconian conurbation with around 1.3 million inhabitants. Other important Franconian cities are Würzburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Ansbach and Coburg in Bavaria, Suhl and Meiningen in Thuringia, and Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg.

The German word Franken—Franconians—also refers to the ethnic group, which is mainly to be found in this region. They are to be distinguished from the Germanic people of the Franks, and historically formed their easternmost settlement area. The origins of Franconia lie in the settlement of the Franks from the 6th century in the area probably populated until then mainly by the Elbe Germanic people in the Main river area, known from the 9th century as East Francia (Francia Orientalis). In the Middle Ages the region formed much of the eastern part of the Duchy of Franconia and, from 1500, the Franconian Circle. The restructuring of the south German states by Napoleon, after the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, saw most of Franconia awarded to Bavaria." - info from Wikipedia.

Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.

Now on Instagram.

Become a patron to my photography on Patreon or donate.

Modular cardigan - detail by Ivana Michalova

6 9

I made already about half of my cardigan.

Early door lock w/ key by Madison Historical Society

2 1

Rectangular wooden lock with 4 countersunk mounting holes and covered iron works set inside. Gray under black paint on lock. Key accompanies lock. W; 6 7/8'", H" 4 3/8"; D: 3/4"

ACC# 79.686

See flic.kr/s/aHsm5dTDVz for additional pictures inside the Annex.

(Photo credit Bob Gundersen www.flickr.com/photos/bobphoto51/albums).

Olomouc, Czech Republic (Maria Verkündigung), chiesa parrocchiale della Annunciazione, iglesia parroquial de la Anunciación, l'église paroissiale de la Annonciation, parish church of the Annunciation (Dolní náměstí) by Alfred Lex

The Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, located in the southeast corner of the Lower Square in Olomouc, is a monastery church of the Capuchin order. Capuchins were brought to Olomouc by Cardinal Franz von Dietrichstein as early as 1615. The monastery church, however, wasn’t built until after the Thirty Years War.

The church was built by an unknown master builder between 1655 and 1661 as a simple single nave church with two side chapels and a rectangular presbytery. It was one of the first religious buildings in the city after the Swedish occupation of Olomouc (1642-1650). Unfortunately, not even the architect, whose work is considered very restrained, is known to us. The church’s layout belongs to typical Capuchin structures of the Mannerism period, built by the Capuchin order mainly in northwestern Europe. The nave has a barrel vault with lunettes, side chapels are vaulted over with cross vaults. The simple smooth main facade of the monastery church with a high triangular gable creates a significant urban landmark of the southern side of the Lower Square. The frontage is decorated with a mosaic above the entrance portal depicting the scene of the Annunciation. The stone entrance portal bears the date of commencement of construction of the church - the year 1655.

tourism.olomouc.eu/sights/cathedrals-churches-and-chapels...

Name

In the twelfth century, Olomuc and Olmuc were the first handed down name forms. In the fifteenth century an alleged first form Juliomontium (Julius hill) was assumed, according to Julius Caesar as the alleged founder. The original meaning is unclear. In the Czech, Olomouc means 'bare mountain' (Old Czech holy, 'bald' and mauc 'mountain'). The name of the city is in the Moravian-Haná dialect, a subgroup of the Middle-Moravian dialects of the Czech, Olomóc or Holomóc, in German language Ölmütz, in Polish Ołomuniec and in Latin Eburum or Olomucium.

History

Beginnings

At the end of the second century there was a Roman army camp, the northernmost known in Central Europe. Up to the fifth century there was a Germanic settlement.

In the late 7th century a first Slavic settlement arose in today's Povel district. Around 830 this was destroyed. A new castle was built on the Peter's hill (Předhrad), which was probably one of the important castles of the Moravian empire. In the ninth century three churches were built.

Přemyslidenstaat (Přemyslid dynasty)

Olomouc was first mentioned in writing in 1017 when Moravia became part of the Bohemian state of Přemysliden. In 1055 it was the seat of a separate part of the Principality. In 1063 the bishopric of Olomouc was founded by Vratislav II. Around 1070 a new castle was built. In 1077 the monastery Hradisko was founded. In 1126 Heinrich Zdik became a bishop.

At the beginning of the 13th century, the last prince of Olomouz died, Moravia was united and placed under the jurisdiction of a Margrave of the Přemyslids. In 1248, Olomouc was first mentioned as a royal town. In 1306, King Wenceslas III resided during a campaign to Poland in Olomouc, and was murdered here, which resulted in the extinction of the Přemyslids dynasty in the male family tree. The city developed economically very quickly and became the capital of Moravia.

In the Hussite wars, Olomouc was an integral part of the Catholic side. In the succession of the Charterhouse Dolein, which had been lost in the Hussite wars, the Charterhouse Olomouc was founded in 1443, which existed until the abolition in 1782. In the 16th century numerous palaces were built in the Renaissance style. In 1566 the Jesuits came to Olomouc. They founded a school which was raised to a university in 1573. In 1588, the bishop became an imperial prince.

17th and 18th centuries

In the Thirty Years' War the town was taken by the Swedes in 1642 and occupied for eight years. After the Thirty Years' War, the largely destroyed and depopulated city lost the status of the Moravian capital and abandoned it to Brno. Since a great deal of damage had been caused by fires, a detailed "fire extinguishing order" was issued in 1711, in which a number of preventive measures were also discussed.

On 26 December 1741, the city was occupied by the Prussians during the First Silesian War. After this event the fortifications were extensively expanded. A second siege by the Prussians in 1758 withstood the new fortification. In 1777, the diocese became an archbishopric.

In 1794-1797 the prominent French-American soldier and politician Marquis Lafayette was interned in Olomouc as a political prisoner of the Donaumonarchy, after being captured in Flanders by the French coalition in 1792, and then, for the time being, imprisoned by Prussia.

19th century

In 1841, the city received a railway connection. In the middle of 1845, the railway from Olomouc to Prague ("Northern State Railway") was put into operation (Olomouc-Moravská Třebová, Moravská Třebová-Prague). In 1848, the Archbishop's Palace housed the Imperial Court, which had fled here because of the revolution in Vienna. Emperor Ferdinand I handed over the government to the eighteen-year-old Francis Joseph I on December 2, 1848. On 29 November 1850, the German Confederation under Austrian leadership was restored in Olomouc by the Agreement of Olomouc (also known as the Olomouc Treaty) between Prussia, Austria and Russia. In the years 1850 to 1866 the fortification systems were extended again. In 1886, the fortress status was abolished. 1899 drove in the city the first tram.

20th century

After the collapse of the Austrian Empire in 1918 and the founding of Czechoslovakia, the Czech citizens became majority, which included, among other things, the integration of the two towns of Hodolina and Nová ulice, as well as eleven other municipalities (Bělidla, Černovír, Hejčín, Chválkovice, Lazce, Nové Sady, Nový Svět, Neředín, Pavlovičky, Povel and Řepčín) in 1919. In 1921 lived in Olomouc 57,206 inhabitants.

On March 15, 1939, the city, as well as the other areas of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, erected on the same day by the German Reich, was occupied by the Wehrmacht. As early as 1939, the Olomouc University was closed by the German occupying forces. It was not until 1946 that it was restored under the name Palacký University of Olomouc.

The German-speaking population was expelled from Olomouc in 1945/1946. Their assets were confiscated by the Beneš decree 108, the assets of the Protestant church were liquidated by the Beneš decree 131, and the Catholic churches were expropriated.

In the 1970s and 1980s, a number of prefabricated housing estates were built in the peripheral areas.

Since 1971, the entire old town has been protected as a historic preservation reserve. Floods in 1997 made the city very vulnerable, about a third of the city area was flooded. In the year 2000, the Trinity Column was included in the UNESCO World Heritage list. According to the administrative reform of 2000 the former district town with the establishment of the Olomouc region became its administrative seat.

Jews in Olomouc

The synagogue in Olomouc

The first Jews settled in Olomouc as early as 906. From the year 1060 they had to live in a ghetto and bear a yellow identification mark. In 1454 all Jews from Olomouc were expelled. This law was valid until 1848.

The Olomouc Synagogue was built between 1895 and 1897. On the night of March 15, 1939, after the occupation by the Wehrmacht, the synagogue was lit and burnt down. At the same time about 800 Jews were arrested and later deported to the Dachau concentration camp. Some of the synagogue 's benches were removed, serving as church benches in a village church near Prostějov and were finally put up in the renovated synagogue in Krnov in 2004. Some of them are now in the Synagogue of Loštice and are reminiscent of the Jewish citizens murdered in concentration camps. The seat of honor is dedicated to Berthold Oppenheim, the Rabbi of Olomouc and Loštice.

During the period of National Socialism, 3,489 people were deported to the Theresienstadt Ghetto in five transports, on 26 and 30 June 1942, on July 4, 1942, and on March 7. Only 285 Jews of the city population survived. This was the end of the Jewish life in Olomouc for a long time. Since 2011, by artist Gunter Demnig Stolpersteine (stumbling blocks) have been and still are being laid to the memory of murdered Jews in Olomouc. Olomouc is one of the cities with the most stumbling blocks in the Czech Republic (as of 2016) with Prague and Brno.

Only since 1989 there has been a revival of the Jewish cultic life in the city. In 1991, an independent Jewish community was established with a field of activity for the districts of Olomouc, Šumperk, Jeseník, Bruntál and Přerov.

Name

Im 12. Jahrhundert waren Olomuc und Olmuc die ersten überlieferten Namensformen. Im 15. Jahrhundert wurde eine angebliche erste Form Juliomontium (Juliusberg) vermutet, nach Julius Caesar als angeblichem Gründer. Die ursprüngliche Bedeutung ist unklar. Im Tschechischen bedeutet Olomouc ‚kahler Berg‘ (alttschech. holy ‚kahl‘ und mauc ‚Berg‘). Der Name der Stadt lautet im mährisch-hannakischen Dialekt, einer Untergruppe der mittelmährischen Dialekte des Tschechischen, Olomóc oder Holomóc, auf Deutsch Olmütz, auf Polnisch Ołomuniec und auf Lateinisch Eburum oder Olomucium.

Geschichte

Anfänge

Ende des 2. Jahrhunderts befand sich hier ein römisches Heerlager, das nördlichste bekannte in Mitteleuropa. Bis ins 5. Jahrhundert gab es eine germanische Besiedelung.

Im späten 7. Jahrhundert entstand eine erste slawische Siedlung im heutigen Ortsteil Povel. Um 830 wurde diese zerstört. Es entstand eine neue Burg auf dem Petersberg (Předhrad), die nach ihrer Größe vermutlich zu den wichtigen Burgen des Mährerreiches zählte. Im 9. Jahrhundert wurden drei Kirchen gebaut.

Přemyslidenstaat

Olomouc wurde im Jahr 1017 erstmals schriftlich erwähnt, als Mähren Teil des böhmischen Staates der Přemysliden wurde. 1055 war es Sitz eines eigenen Teilfürstentums. 1063 wurde das Bistum Olmütz durch Vratislav II. gegründet. Um 1070 entstand eine neue Burg. 1077 wurde das Kloster Hradisko gegründet. 1126 wurde Heinrich Zdik zum Bischof.

Anfang des 13. Jahrhunderts starb der letzte Olmützer Fürst, Mähren wurde vereint und einem Markgrafen aus dem Geschlecht der Přemysliden unterstellt. Zum Jahr 1248 wird Olomouc erstmals als Königsstadt erwähnt. 1306 hielt sich König Wenzel III. während eines Feldzuges nach Polen in Olmütz auf und wurde hier ermordet, wodurch die Dynastie der Přemysliden im Mannesstamm erlosch. Die Stadt entwickelte sich wirtschaftlich sehr schnell und wurde zur Hauptstadt Mährens.

In den Hussitenkriegen war Olmütz fester Bestandteil der katholischen Seite. In der Nachfolge der Kartause Dolein, die in den Hussitenkriegen untergegangen war, wurde 1443 die Kartause Olmütz gegründet, die bis zur Aufhebung 1782 bestand. Im 16. Jahrhundert entstanden zahlreiche Paläste im Renaissancestil. 1566 kamen die Jesuiten nach Olmütz. Diese gründeten eine Schule, welche 1573 zur Universität erhoben wurde. 1588 wurde der Bischof zum Reichsfürsten erhoben.

17. und 18. Jahrhundert

Im Dreißigjährigen Krieg wurde die Stadt 1642 von den Schweden eingenommen und acht Jahre okkupiert. Nach dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg verlor die großteils zerstörte und entvölkerte Stadt den Status der mährischen Hauptstadt und trat diesen an Brünn ab. Da durch Brände viel Schaden entstanden war, wurde 1711 eine detaillierte „Feuerlösch-Ordnung“ erlassen, in der auch eine Reihe vorbeugender Maßnahmen zur Sprache kam.

Am 26. Dezember 1741 wurde die Stadt von den Preußen im Ersten Schlesischen Krieg eingenommen. Nach diesem Ereignis wurden die Festungsanlagen umfangreich ausgebaut. Einer zweiten Belagerung durch die Preußen im Jahre 1758 hielt die neue Festungsanlage stand. 1777 wurde das Bistum zum Erzbistum erhoben.

1794–1797 wurde der prominente französisch-amerikanische Soldat und Politiker Marquis Lafayette in Olmütz als politischer Häftling der Donaumonarchie interniert, nachdem er von der antifranzösischen Koalition 1792 in Flandern gefangengenommen und dann vorerst von Preußen eingekerkert worden war.

19. Jahrhundert

1841 erhielt die Stadt einen Eisenbahnanschluss. Mitte 1845 wurde die Eisenbahn von Olmütz nach Prag („k.k. Nördliche Staatsbahn“) in Betrieb genommen (Olmütz–Trübau, Trübau–Prag). Im Jahr 1848 beherbergte das Schloss des Erzbischofs den wegen der Revolution in Wien hierher geflohenen kaiserlichen Hof. Kaiser Ferdinand I. übertrug hier am 2. Dezember 1848 dem achtzehnjährigen Franz Joseph I. die Regierung. Am 29. November 1850 wurde in Olmütz durch die Olmützer Punktation (auch „Olmützer Vertrag“ genannt) zwischen Preußen, Österreich und Russland der Deutsche Bund unter österreichischer Führung wieder hergestellt. In den Jahren 1850 bis 1866 wurden erneut die Befestigungsanlagen erweitert. 1886 wurde dann der Festungsstatus aufgehoben. 1899 fuhr in der Stadt die erste Straßenbahn.

20. Jahrhundert

Nach dem Zerfall des Kaiserreichs Österreich 1918 und der Gründung der Tschechoslowakei kamen die tschechischen Stadtbürger in die Mehrzahl, was unter anderem auf die Eingemeindung der zwei Städte Hodolein (Hodolany) und Neugasse (Nová ulice) sowie elf weiterer Gemeinden (Bělidla, Černovír, Hejčín, Chválkovice, Lazce, Nové Sady, Nový Svět, Neředín, Pavlovičky, Povel und Řepčín) im Jahr 1919 zurückzuführen ist. Im Jahr 1921 lebten in Olomouc 57.206 Einwohner.

Am 15. März 1939 wurde die Stadt, wie auch die übrigen Gebiete des am selben Tag vom Deutschen Reich errichteten Protektorats Böhmen und Mähren, von der Wehrmacht besetzt. Noch im Jahr 1939 wurde die Olmützer Universität von der deutschen Besatzungsmacht geschlossen. Erst im Jahr 1946 konnte sie unter dem Namen Palacký-Universität Olmütz wiederhergestellt werden.

Die deutschsprachige Bevölkerung wurde 1945/1946 aus Olmütz vertrieben. Ihr Vermögen wurde durch das Beneš-Dekret 108 konfisziert, das Vermögen der evangelischen Kirche durch das Beneš-Dekret 131 liquidiert und die katholischen Kirchen enteignet.

In den 1970er und 1980er Jahren entstanden in den Randgebieten mehrere Plattenbausiedlungen.

Seit 1971 ist die ganze Altstadt als Denkmalschutzreservat geschützt. Das Hochwasser im Jahr 1997 zog die Stadt schwer in Mitleidenschaft, etwa ein Drittel des Stadtgebiets wurde überschwemmt. Im Jahr 2000 wurde die Dreifaltigkeitssäule in die Liste des UNESCO-Welterbes aufgenommen. Nach der Verwaltungsreform von 2000 wurde die bisherige Kreisstadt mit der Errichtung der Olmützer Region dessen Verwaltungssitz.

Juden in Olmütz

Die Synagoge in Olmütz

Die ersten Juden siedelten in Olmütz bereits 906. Ab dem Jahre 1060 hatten sie in einem Ghetto zu wohnen und ein gelbes Erkennungszeichen zu tragen. Im Jahr 1454 wurden sämtliche Juden aus Olmütz ausgewiesen. Dieses Gesetz war bis 1848 gültig.

Die Olmützer Synagoge wurde von 1895 bis 1897 erbaut. In der Nacht vom 15. auf den 16. März 1939, nach der Besetzung durch die Wehrmacht, wurde die Synagoge angezündet und brannte ab. Gleichzeitig wurden etwa 800 Juden festgenommen und später in das Konzentrationslager Dachau deportiert. Einige Sitzbänke der Synagoge wurden ausgebaut, dienten lange als Kirchenbänke in einer Dorfkirche bei Prostějov und wurden schließlich 2004 in der renovierten Synagoge in Krnov aufgestellt. Einige davon stehen heute in der Synagoge von Loštice und erinnern an die in den Konzentrationslagern ermordeten jüdischen Bürger. Der Ehrensitz ist Berthold Oppenheim gewidmet, dem Rabbi von Olmütz und Loštice.

Während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus wurden 3.489 Menschen in fünf Transporten, am 26. und 30. Juni 1942, am 4. Juli 1942 und am 7. März 1945 in das Ghetto Theresienstadt deportiert. Nur 285 Juden der Stadtbevölkerung überlebten. Damit erlosch das jüdische Leben in Olmütz für lange Zeit. Seit 2011 wurden und werden in Olmütz von Gunter Demnig Stolpersteine zur Erinnerung an ermordete Juden verlegt. Olmütz gehört mit Prag und Brünn zu den Städten mit den meisten Stolpersteinen in Tschechien (Stand 2016).

Erst seit 1989 gibt es eine Belebung des jüdischen Kultuslebens in der Stadt. 1991 wurde eine selbständige jüdische Gemeinde mit einem Wirkungskreis für die Bezirke Olmütz, Šumperk, Jeseník, Bruntál und Přerov wiederbegründet.

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olm%C3%BCtz

naperon rectangular by Oh!.. So cute!

2 2

Um naperon rectangular, muito cottage/vintage, que faz parte da colecção dos que tenho nas mesas-de-cabeceira e que agora se encontra em cima de um móvel junto com as minhas caixas.

One rectangular napperon, to much cottage/vintage, that it is part of my napperons set that I have on my bedside tables, bus has it is to little to fit in my chest of drawers, I put in on another chest of drawers with my little decoupated boxes.

Wien, 1. Bezirk (the art of historic places in the core of downtown Vienna) - In der Burg/Heldenplatz (Festsaaltrakt/Hofburg) by alfred lex

(further pictures and information are available by clicking on the link at the end of page!)