View allAll Photos Tagged reciprocity
This is the black and white version of the Dogwood. I think that I like this one better, as it more closely matches my desires for the Fuji FP-100c to accomplish.
Linhof V, 90mm Fujinon SW
Fuji FP-100c instant film
f/16 at 12 seconds
10 degree front tilt and 5 degrees swing, + one stop bellows factor + two stops reciprocity light red and light yellow color correction filters per fuji.
My Wife Denise's birthday was the other day so one of the things I gave her was this long stem white rose. I had an additional motive though, I wanted to try out my 4x5 large format view camera in a studio setting using constant lights.
For more of my work, please visit GreggObst.com.
I setup the camera and tripod with the rose in front on a tabletop, a 36" Westcott reflective umbrella to camera right with four florescent daylight balanced bulbs. I added an Alien Bees B800 studio strobe in a beauty dish with diffusion sock and just the modeling lamp turned on and positioned it above the camera shining down on the rose. I placed a 30" white reflector to camera left to reflect some of the light back onto the rose from that angle. I think it came OK for my first shot with the 4x5. Not a great shot but I will settle for OK for now as part of the learning process.
Calumet CC-401 4x5 large format monorail view camera
Rodenstock Geronar 150mm F6.3 lens in a Copal 0 shutter
Arista EDU 100 Ultra 4x5 B&W sheet film
Shot at F45 with 255mm of bellows extension and 30 degree forward tilt in the front standard. On the advice of others, I rated the film at ISO 64 and worked out the reciprocity adjustment and came up with a total of 2:17 for the shutter speed based upon a metered original exposure time of 8 seconds, metered with a Gossen Luna Pro.
Self Developed film in Rodinal 1:100 using semi-stand development in Paterson Tank using the Taco Method. Tap water stop bath. Ilford Rapid Fixer. Photo-Flo. Hung on shower curtain to dry on film clips.
Negative scanned with Epson V600 in two parts and merged in Photoshop CS5 since the V600 doesn't natively support scanning 4x5 sheet film and I haven't stepped up to the V700 yet.
The ring tower is a striking high-rise building in a prominent location in Vienna, where is located the headquarters of the Vienna Insurance Group. It was built in 1953-1955 after designs of Erich Boltenstern at Schottenring inside the Viennese Ringstrasse and is located at the stop Schottenring of the Wiener Linien (Vienna Public Transport). The 73 meter (93 meter height including the weather light column) high ring tower was deemed as innovative project for the reconstruction of the city.
The building, which previously stood on this plot, was the only one of the entire Scots ring which was destroyed in the Second World War. The ring tower with its 23 floors and its 20-meter high weather lighthouse is the second highest building inside Vienna's Ringstrasse. Higher is only the Gothic-style St. Stephen's Cathedral. In addition to the central office of the Vienna Insurance Group are now also offices of Wiener Stadtwerke (public utility company) in the ring tower. In the office building a total of 12,000 square meters of effective surface is available. The facade and parts of the ring tower were renovated in 1996.
Name
In a contest, a name was sought for the then very modern office skyscraper. Among 6,502 entries the name "ring tower" was chosen. There were, among other proposals, such as City House, Gutwill-house (goodwill-house), house of reciprocity, high-corner, new tower, Sonnblick-house, insurance high-rise, Vindobona-house or vision-house (farsightedness-house) of the creative population after the war. One of the submitters of the name "ring tower" was rewarded with an honorarium of 2,000 shillings.
Weather lighthouse
Weather lighthouse, seen from the ring road
On the roof there is the 20-meter high weather lighthouse with 117 lights in differently colored light signals the weather for the next day displaying (each 39 white, red and green lights as well as 2 additional air traffic control lights).
This light column is directly connected to the ZAMG (Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics) on the Hohenwarte in Vienna.
Meaning of the signals:
red ascending = temperature rising
red descending = temperature falling
green ascending = weather conditions will be better
green descending = weather will be worse
Flashing red = warning lightning or storms
Flashing white = snow or ice
Ringturm 2013
Ringturm disguising
Since 2006, the ring tower is changed every year into an "art tower " by covering the building with printed webs. The covering consists of 30 printed network paths with about 3 meters wide and 63 or 36 meters in length , and the resulting area is approximately 4,000 square meters.
The previous art projects:
2006 "Don Giovianni" by Christian Ludwig Attersee (on the occasion of the Mozart Year)
2007 "Tower of Life" by Robert Hammerstiel
2008 "Tower in Bloom" by Hubert Schmalix (Blumenstillleben)
2011 "Sense of family" Xenia Hausner
2012 "Society" by Hungarian artist László Fehér
2013 "Connectedness" of the Slovak artist Dorota Sadovská
The Vatican Obelisk is an Egyptian obelisk, one of the thirteen ancient obelisks of Rome, located in St. Peter's Square, in Vatican City. It is the only ancient obelisk in Rome that has never fallen.
Made of red granite, it has a height of 25.3 meters and, together with the cross and the base (composed of four bronze lions, by Prospero Antichi), it reaches almost 40 meters.
It is of Egyptian origin, devoid of hieroglyphs and comes, according to Pliny, from the city of Heliopolis; it was originally placed in the Forum Iulii of Alexandria in Egypt and was brought to Rome by Caligula in 40 AD, and placed at the center of the Circus of Nero. It remained in this position after the circus fell into disuse, occupied by a necropolis. In the 16th century it was moved next to the Old St. Peter's Basilica, at the Rotonda di Sant'Andrea.
Having stood in the same location in Rome since c.40 AD, it was moved almost 800 feet at the behest of Pope Sixtus V in a single day on September 10, 1586. The work was carried out under the direction of the architect Domenico Fontana who required thirteen months of preparatory work, 900 men, 75 horses and 40 winches to carry out the work. It was the first of Rome's obelisks to be raised in modern times. In the uplift operations there was a famous cry of a certain sailor Benedetto Bresca: [[🇮🇹Acqua alle funi|Acqua alle funi]] ("Water on the ropes!"), in order to avoid the breakage of the ropes that were about to give in under the great weight of the obelisk.
The idea of moving the obelisk was first raised by Pope Nicholas V. Sixtus V's relocation was considered to be a symbolic act, illustrating the triumph of Christianity over Paganism. Following the successful relocation, Fontana was commissioned to move three smaller obelisks in Rome.
A detailed account of the relocation was published in Della transportatione dell'obelisco Vaticano e delle fabriche di Sisto V (Rome, 1590). The astronomer Ignazio Danti is known to have assisted Fontana in this work.
On the occasion of its relocation, the globe placed on the summit was transferred to the Capitoline Museums, in the first hall of the Palazzo dei Conservatori, in a corner near the large window. According to legend, the ashes of St. Peter or Julius Caesar had been contained in the globe; the Italian aquila for the imperial Roman eagle is similar to the Italian aguglia (needle), initially used only for obelisks.
The granting of a perpetual indulgence of ten years and as many quarantines to those who, in front of the obelisk, venerate the cross of Christ by reciting Lord's Prayer and Hail Mary, made it assumed that Sixtus V had placed in the great bronze cross placed on the obelisk a particle of the True Cross on September 26, 1586, albeit during a later restoration of the cross, no relic was found. However, on April 12, 1740, it was placed and taken from a reliquary of the basilica of St. Peter, already that of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem.
Inscriptions
The obelisk and its base contain a number of inscriptions. Two ancient inscriptions at the base of the shaft describe its original dedication in Rome, four inscriptions on the pedestal composed by Cardinal Silvio Antoniano describe its rededication in 1586, and lower down, in smaller script, is an acknowledgement of Domenico Fontana's role in the moving of the obelisk.
Saint Peter's Square is a large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave in Rome, directly west of the neighborhood (rione) of Borgo. Both the square and the basilica are named after Saint Peter, an apostle of Jesus whom Catholics consider to be the first Pope.
At the centre of the square is the Vatican obelisk, an ancient Egyptian obelisk erected at the current site in 1586. Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the square almost 100 years later, including the massive Doric colonnades, four columns deep, which embrace visitors in "the maternal arms of Mother Church". A granite fountain constructed by Bernini in 1675 matches another fountain designed by Carlo Maderno in 1613.
The open space which lies before the basilica was redesigned by Gian Lorenzo Bernini from 1656 to 1667, under the direction of Pope Alexander VII, as an appropriate forecourt, designed "so that the greatest number of people could see the Pope give his blessing, either from the middle of the façade of the church or from a window in the Vatican Palace" Bernini had been working on the interior of St. Peter's for decades; now he gave order to the space with his renowned colonnades, using a simplified Doric order, to avoid competing with the palace-like façade by Carlo Maderno, but he employed it on an unprecedented colossal scale to suit the space and evoke a sense of awe.
There were many constraints from existing structures (illustration, right). The massed accretions of the Vatican Palace crowded the space to the right of the basilica's façade; the structures needed to be masked without obscuring the papal apartments. The Vatican obelisk marked a centre, and a granite fountain by Maderno stood to one side: Bernini made the fountain appear to be one of the foci of the ovato tondo embraced by his colonnades and eventually matched it on the other side, in 1675, just five years before his death. The trapezoidal shape of the piazza, which creates a heightened perspective for a visitor leaving the basilica and has been praised as a masterstroke of Baroque theater (illustration, below right), is largely a product of site constraints.
According to the Lateran Treaty the area of St. Peter's Square is subject to the authority of Italian police for crowd control even though it is a part of the Vatican state.
The colossal Doric colonnades, four columns deep, frame the trapezoidal entrance to the basilica and the massive elliptical area which precedes it. The ovato tondo's long axis, parallel to the basilica's façade, creates a pause in the sequence of forward movements that is characteristic of a Baroque monumental approach. The colonnades define the piazza. The elliptical center of the piazza, which contrasts with the trapezoidal entrance, encloses the visitor with "the maternal arms of Mother Church" in Bernini's expression. On the south side, the colonnades define and formalize the space, with the Barberini Gardens still rising to a skyline of umbrella pines. On the north side, the colonnade masks an assortment of Vatican structures; the upper stories of the Vatican Palace rise above.
At the center of the ovato tondo stands the Vatican obelisk, an uninscribed Egyptian obelisk of red granite, 25.5 m (84 ft) tall, supported on bronze lions and surmounted by the Chigi arms in bronze, in all 41 m (135 ft) to the cross on its top. The obelisk was originally erected in Heliopolis, Egypt, by an unknown pharaoh.
The Emperor Augustus had the obelisk moved to the Julian Forum of Alexandria, where it stood until AD 37, when Caligula ordered the forum demolished and the obelisk transferred to Rome. He had it placed on the spina which ran along the center of the Circus of Nero. It was moved to its current site in 1586 by the engineer-architect Domenico Fontana under the direction of Pope Sixtus V; the engineering feat of re-erecting its vast weight was memorialized in a suite of engravings. The obelisk is the only obelisk in Rome that has not toppled since antiquity. During the Middle Ages, the gilt ball atop the obelisk was believed to contain the ashes of Julius Caesar. Fontana later removed the ancient metal ball, now in a Roman museum, and found only dust inside; Christopher Hibbert however writes that the ball was found to be solid. Though Bernini had no influence in the erection of the obelisk, he did use it as the centerpiece of his magnificent piazza, and added the Chigi arms to the top in honor of his patron, Alexander VII.
The paving is varied by radiating lines in travertine, to relieve what might otherwise be a sea of setts. In 1817 circular stones were set to mark the tip of the obelisk's shadow at noon as the sun entered each of the signs of the zodiac, making the obelisk a gigantic sundial's gnomon.
St. Peter's Square today can be reached from the Ponte Sant'Angelo along the grand approach of the Via della Conciliazione (in honor of the Lateran Treaty of 1929). The spina (median with buildings which divided the two roads of Borgo Vecchio and Borgo nuovo) which once occupied this grand avenue leading to the square was demolished ceremonially by Benito Mussolini himself on October 23, 1936, and was completely demolished by October 8, 1937. St. Peter's Basilica was now freely visible from the Castel Sant'Angelo. After the spina, almost all the buildings south of the passetto were demolished between 1937 and 1950, obliterating one of the most important medieval and renaissance quarters of the city. Moreover, the demolition of the spina canceled the characteristic Baroque surprise, nowadays maintained only for visitors coming from Borgo Santo Spirito. The Via della Conciliazione was completed in time for the Great Jubilee of 1950.
Vatican City is a landlocked independent country, city-state, microstate, and enclave within Rome, Italy. It became independent from Italy in 1929 with the Lateran Treaty, and it is a distinct territory under "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction" of the Holy See, itself a sovereign entity under international law, which maintains the city-state's temporal power and governance, diplomatic, and spiritual independence. The Vatican is also a metonym for the Holy See, Pope, and Roman Curia.
With an area of 49 hectares (121 acres) and as of 2023 a population of about 764, it is the smallest state in the world both by area and by population. As governed by the Holy See, Vatican City State is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state ruled by the Pope, who is the bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergy of various origins. After the Avignon Papacy (1309–1377) the popes have mainly resided at the Apostolic Palace within what is now Vatican City, although at times residing instead in the Quirinal Palace in Rome or elsewhere.
The Holy See dates back to early Christianity and is the principal episcopal see of the Catholic Church, which has approximately 1.329 billion baptised Catholics in the world as of 2018 in the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches. The independent state of Vatican City, on the other hand, came into existence on 11 February 1929 by the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy, which spoke of it as a new creation, not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States (756–1870), which had previously encompassed much of Central Italy.
Vatican City contains religious and cultural sites such as St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, the Vatican Apostolic Library, and the Vatican Museums. They feature some of the world's most famous paintings and sculptures. The unique economy of Vatican City is supported financially by donations from the faithful, by the sale of postage stamps and souvenirs, fees for admission to museums, and sales of publications. Vatican City has no taxes, and items are duty-free.
The Holy See also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the pope in his role as the Bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome, which has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the worldwide Catholic Church and sovereignty over the city-state known as the Vatican City. As the supreme body of government of the Catholic Church, the Holy See enjoys the status of a sovereign juridical entity under international law.
According to Catholic tradition and historical records, it was founded in the first century by Saints Peter and Paul, and by virtue of the doctrines of Petrine and papal primacy, it is the focal point of full communion for Catholic Christians around the world. The Holy See is headquartered in, operates from, and exercises "exclusive dominion" over the independent Vatican City State enclave in Rome, of which the Pope is sovereign.
The Holy See is administered by the Roman Curia (Latin for "Roman Court"), which is the central government of the Catholic Church. The Roman Curia includes various dicasteries, comparable to ministries and executive departments, with the Cardinal Secretary of State as its chief administrator. Papal elections are carried out by part of the College of Cardinals.
Although the Holy See is often metonymically referred to as the "Vatican", the Vatican City State was distinctively established with the Lateran Treaty of 1929, between the Holy See and Italy, to ensure the temporal, diplomatic, and spiritual independence of the papacy. As such, papal nuncios, who are papal diplomats to states and international organizations, are recognized as representing the Holy See and not the Vatican City State, as prescribed in the Canon law of the Catholic Church. The Holy See is thus viewed as the central government of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church, in turn, is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world.
The Holy See maintains bilateral diplomatic relations with 183 sovereign states, signs concordats and treaties, and performs multilateral diplomacy with multiple intergovernmental organizations, including the United Nations and its agencies, the Council of Europe, the European Communities, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the Organization of American States.
According to Catholic tradition, the apostolic see of Diocese of Rome was established in the 1st century by Saint Peter and Saint Paul. The legal status of the Catholic Church and its property was recognised by the Edict of Milan in 313 by Roman emperor Constantine the Great, and it became the state church of the Roman Empire by the Edict of Thessalonica in 380 by Emperor Theodosius I.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, the temporal legal jurisdisction of the papal primacy was further recognised as promulgated in Canon law. The Holy See was granted territory in Duchy of Rome by the Donation of Sutri in 728 of King Liutprand of the Lombards, and sovereignty by the Donation of Pepin in 756 by King Pepin of the Franks.
The Papal States thus held extensive territory and armed forces in 756–1870. Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman Emperor by translatio imperii in 800. The Pope's temporal power peaked around the time of the papal coronations of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire from 858, and the Dictatus papae in 1075, which conversely also described Papal deposing power. Several modern states still trace their own sovereignty to recognition in medieval papal bulls.
The sovereignty of the Holy See was retained despite multiple sacks of Rome during the Early Middle Ages. Yet, relations with the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Roman Empire were at times strained, reaching from the Diploma Ottonianum and Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma regarding the "Patrimony of Saint Peter" in the 10th century, to the Investiture Controversy in 1076–1122, and settled again by the Concordat of Worms in 1122. The exiled Avignon Papacy during 1309–1376 also put a strain on the papacy, which however finally returned to Rome. Pope Innocent X was critical of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 as it weakened the authority of the Holy See throughout much of Europe. Following the French Revolution, the Papal States were briefly occupied as the "Roman Republic" from 1798 to 1799 as a sister republic of the First French Empire under Napoleon, before their territory was reestablished.
Notwithstanding, the Holy See was represented in and identified as a "permanent subject of general customary international law vis-à-vis all states" in the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815). The Papal States were recognised under the rule of the Papacy and largely restored to their former extent. Despite the Capture of Rome in 1870 by the Kingdom of Italy and the Roman Question during the Savoyard era (which made the Pope a "prisoner in the Vatican" from 1870 to 1929), its international legal subject was "constituted by the ongoing reciprocity of diplomatic relationships" that not only were maintained but multiplied.
The Lateran Treaty on 11 February 1929 between the Holy See and Italy recognised Vatican City as an independent city-state, along with extraterritorial properties around the region. Since then, Vatican City is distinct from yet under "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction" of the Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes).
The Holy See is one of the last remaining seven absolute monarchies in the world, along with Saudi Arabia, Eswatini, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Brunei and Oman. The Pope governs the Catholic Church through the Roman Curia. The Curia consists of a complex of offices that administer church affairs at the highest level, including the Secretariat of State, nine Congregations, three Tribunals, eleven Pontifical Councils, and seven Pontifical Commissions. The Secretariat of State, under the Cardinal Secretary of State, directs and coordinates the Curia. The incumbent, Cardinal Pietro Parolin, is the See's equivalent of a prime minister. Archbishop Paul Gallagher, Secretary of the Section for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State, acts as the Holy See's minister of foreign affairs. Parolin was named in his role by Pope Francis on 31 August 2013.
The Secretariat of State is the only body of the Curia that is situated within Vatican City. The others are in buildings in different parts of Rome that have extraterritorial rights similar to those of embassies.
Among the most active of the major Curial institutions are the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which oversees the Catholic Church's doctrine; the Congregation for Bishops, which coordinates the appointment of bishops worldwide; the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, which oversees all missionary activities; and the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, which deals with international peace and social issues.
Three tribunals exercise judicial power. The Roman Rota handles normal judicial appeals, the most numerous being those that concern alleged nullity of marriage. The Apostolic Signatura is the supreme appellate and administrative court concerning decisions even of the Roman Rota and administrative decisions of ecclesiastical superiors (bishops and superiors of religious institutes), such as closing a parish or removing someone from office. It also oversees the work of other ecclesiastical tribunals at all levels. The Apostolic Penitentiary deals not with external judgments or decrees, but with matters of conscience, granting absolutions from censures, dispensations, commutations, validations, condonations, and other favors; it also grants indulgences.
The Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See coordinates the finances of the Holy See departments and supervises the administration of all offices, whatever be their degree of autonomy, that manage these finances. The most important of these is the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See.
The Prefecture of the Papal Household is responsible for the organization of the papal household, audiences, and ceremonies (apart from the strictly liturgical part).
One of Pope Francis's goals is to reorganize the Curia to prioritize its role in the church's mission to evangelize. This reform insists that the Curia is not meant to be a centralized bureaucracy, but rather a service for the Pope and diocesan bishops that is in communication with local bishops' conferences. Likewise more lay people are to be involved in the workings of the dicasteries and in giving them input.
The Holy See does not dissolve upon a pope's death or resignation. It instead operates under a different set of laws sede vacante. During this interregnum, the heads of the dicasteries of the Curia (such as the prefects of congregations) cease immediately to hold office, the only exceptions being the Major Penitentiary, who continues his important role regarding absolutions and dispensations, and the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, who administers the temporalities (i.e., properties and finances) of the See of St. Peter during this period. The government of the See, and therefore of the Catholic Church, then falls to the College of Cardinals. Canon law prohibits the College and the Camerlengo from introducing any innovations or novelties in the government of the church during this period.
In 2001, the Holy See had a revenue of 422.098 billion Italian lire (about US$202 million at the time), and a net income of 17.720 billion Italian lire (about US$8 million). According to an article by David Leigh in the Guardian newspaper, a 2012 report from the Council of Europe identified the value of a section of the Vatican's property assets as an amount in excess of €680m (£570m); as of January 2013, Paolo Mennini, a papal official in Rome, manages this portion of the Holy See's assets—consisting of British investments, other European holdings and a currency trading arm. The Guardian newspaper described Mennini and his role in the following manner: "... Paolo Mennini, who is in effect the Pope's merchant banker. Mennini heads a special unit inside the Vatican called the extraordinary division of APSA – Amministrazione del Patrimonio della Sede Apostolica – which handles the 'patrimony of the Holy See'."
The orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See are conferred by the Pope as temporal sovereign and fons honorum of the Holy See, similar to the orders awarded by other heads of state.
The Holy See has been recognized, both in state practice and in the writing of modern legal scholars, as a subject of public international law, with rights and duties analogous to those of States. Although the Holy See, as distinct from the Vatican City State, does not fulfill the long-established criteria in international law of statehood—having a permanent population, a defined territory, a stable government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states—its possession of full legal personality in international law is shown by the fact that it maintains diplomatic relations with 180 states, that it is a member-state in various intergovernmental international organizations, and that it is: "respected by the international community of sovereign States and treated as a subject of international law having the capacity to engage in diplomatic relations and to enter into binding agreements with one, several, or many states under international law that are largely geared to establish and preserving peace in the world."
Since medieval times the episcopal see of Rome has been recognized as a sovereign entity. The Holy See (not the State of Vatican City) maintains formal diplomatic relations with and for the most recent establishment of diplomatic relations with 183 sovereign states, and also with the European Union, and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, as well as having relations of a special character with the Palestine Liberation Organization; 69 of the diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See are situated in Rome. The Holy See maintains 180 permanent diplomatic missions abroad, of which 74 are non-residential, so that many of its 106 concrete missions are accredited to two or more countries or international organizations. The diplomatic activities of the Holy See are directed by the Secretariat of State (headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State), through the Section for Relations with States. There are 12 internationally recognized states with which the Holy See does not have relations. The Holy See is the only European subject of international law that has diplomatic relations with the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) as representing China, rather than the government of the People's Republic of China (see Holy See–Taiwan relations).
The British Foreign and Commonwealth Office speaks of Vatican City as the "capital" of the Holy See, although it compares the legal personality of the Holy See to that of the Crown in Christian monarchies and declares that the Holy See and the state of Vatican City are two international identities. It also distinguishes between the employees of the Holy See (2,750 working in the Roman Curia with another 333 working in the Holy See's diplomatic missions abroad) and the 1,909 employees of the Vatican City State. The British Ambassador to the Holy See uses more precise language, saying that the Holy See "is not the same as the Vatican City State. ... (It) is the universal government of the Catholic Church and operates from the Vatican City State." This agrees exactly with the expression used by the website of the United States Department of State, in giving information on both the Holy See and the Vatican City State: it too says that the Holy See "operates from the Vatican City State".
The Holy See is a member of various international organizations and groups including the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Telecommunication Union, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The Holy See is also a permanent observer in various international organizations, including the United Nations General Assembly, the Council of Europe, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Relationship with Vatican City and other territories.
The Holy See participates as an observer to African Union, Arab League, Council of Europe, the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), Organization of American States, International Organization for Migration and in the United Nations and its agencies FAO, ILO, UNCTAD, UNEP, UNESCO, UN-HABITAT, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, WFP, WHO, WIPO. and as a full member in IAEA, OPCW, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
Although the Holy See is closely associated with Vatican City, the independent territory over which the Holy See is sovereign, the two entities are separate and distinct. After the Italian seizure of the Papal States in 1870, the Holy See had no territorial sovereignty. In spite of some uncertainty among jurists as to whether it could continue to act as an independent personality in international matters, the Holy See continued in fact to exercise the right to send and receive diplomatic representatives, maintaining relations with states that included the major powers Russia, Prussia, and Austria-Hungary. Where, in accordance with the decision of the 1815 Congress of Vienna, the Nuncio was not only a member of the Diplomatic Corps but its dean, this arrangement continued to be accepted by the other ambassadors. In the course of the 59 years during which the Holy See held no territorial sovereignty, the number of states that had diplomatic relations with it, which had been reduced to 16, actually increased to 29.
The State of the Vatican City was created by the Lateran Treaty in 1929 to "ensure the absolute and visible independence of the Holy See" and "to guarantee to it indisputable sovereignty in international affairs." Archbishop Jean-Louis Tauran, the Holy See's former Secretary for Relations with States, said that Vatican City is a "minuscule support-state that guarantees the spiritual freedom of the Pope with the minimum territory".
The Holy See, not Vatican City, maintains diplomatic relations with states. Foreign embassies are accredited to the Holy See, not to Vatican City, and it is the Holy See that establishes treaties and concordats with other sovereign entities. When necessary, the Holy See will enter a treaty on behalf of Vatican City.
Under the terms of the Lateran Treaty, the Holy See has extraterritorial authority over various sites in Rome and two Italian sites outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo. The same authority is extended under international law over the Apostolic Nunciature of the Holy See in a foreign country.
Though, like various European powers, earlier popes recruited Swiss mercenaries as part of an army, the Pontifical Swiss Guard was founded by Pope Julius II on 22 January 1506 as the personal bodyguards of the Pope and continues to fulfill that function. It is listed in the Annuario Pontificio under "Holy See", not under "State of Vatican City". At the end of 2005, the Guard had 134 members. Recruitment is arranged by a special agreement between the Holy See and Switzerland. All recruits must be Catholic, unmarried males with Swiss citizenship who have completed basic training with the Swiss Armed Forces with certificates of good conduct, be between the ages of 19 and 30, and be at least 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) in height. Members are armed with small arms and the traditional halberd (also called the Swiss voulge), and trained in bodyguarding tactics.
The police force within Vatican City, known as the Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City, belongs to the city state, not to the Holy See.
The Holy See signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, a binding agreement for negotiations for the total elimination of nuclear weapons.
The main difference between the two coats of arms is that the arms of the Holy See have the gold key in bend and the silver key in bend sinister (as in the sede vacante coat of arms and in the external ornaments of the papal coats of arms of individual popes), while the reversed arrangement of the keys was chosen for the arms of the newly founded Vatican City State in 1929.
This is part of a set of photos experimenting with a new YONGNUO YN 50mm F1.8 lens.
www.flickr.com/photos/dominicspics/albums/72157694661082464
The much larger aperture available - compared to the kit zoom lens I normally use - enabled a faster shutter, a lower (less "noisy") ISO, and also a shallower depth of field.
The lighting colour was often a terrible mix of direct sunshine, blue sky and the very orange colour reflected from wooden table tops. The "colour balance" adjustment tool in a photo editor editor - selectively adjusting highlight, mid-tone and shadow colours was useful in reducing the effects of the sometimes very blue shadows. (Traditionally this type of tool is used to "fix" issues relating to colour film, where the colour of light and dark areas could vary. This is for lots of reasons for relating to the processing and chemistry of film; and also to the physics of photons exposing film grains - for example reciprocity failure en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography) where darker areas for each of the colours present in the shadows may not be recorded proportionately. Presenting the same images in Black and White is another way of "dealing with" [avoiding!] the issue.
15 December, 2021.
Water cloths---or towels, as they are meant to function—are pinned to a wall during the end-of-the semester presentation where weaving students in the School of Human Ecology’s Design Studies Department described their weaving process. For many of them, these towels represented the first piece of cloth they had ever made. In preparation of their weaving projects, students participated in a First Nations Cultural Landscape tour led by Omar Poler, the American Indian Curriculum Services Coordinator in the School of Education where they were invited to contemplate notions of responsibility, reciprocity, and respect and the interconnectedness that connects us to the land and water that surrounds our campus. (Photo by Catherine Reiland/UW-Madison)
Reaching fulfilment as individuals and as a couple: moving between reciprocity and loss of self / Realizzazione individuale nella coppia fra reciprocità e perdita di sè - may 24, 2008 - Castel Gandolfo - Photo Thomas Klann
This is part of a set of photos experimenting with a new YONGNUO YN 50mm F1.8 lens.
www.flickr.com/photos/dominicspics/albums/72157694661082464
The much larger aperture available - compared to the kit zoom lens I normally use - enabled a faster shutter, a lower (less "noisy") ISO, and also a shallower depth of field.
The lighting colour was often a terrible mix of direct sunshine, blue sky and the very orange colour reflected from wooden table tops. The "colour balance" adjustment tool in a photo editor editor - selectively adjusting highlight, mid-tone and shadow colours was useful in reducing the effects of the sometimes very blue shadows. (Traditionally this type of tool is used to "fix" issues relating to colour film, where the colour of light and dark areas could vary. This is for lots of reasons for relating to the processing and chemistry of film; and also to the physics of photons exposing film grains - for example reciprocity failure en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography) where darker areas for each of the colours present in the shadows may not be recorded proportionately. Presenting the same images in Black and White is another way of "dealing with" [avoiding!] the issue.
Not great photos, but I'm still rather happy with these because they represent a bit of hacking plus a whole lot of guesswork. Had to make a hardboard copy of a Cambo SC lensboard in order to mount the APO-Nikkor 480mm f/9 and give the new 8x10 a try. Only film I had was from a medical supply; thought it was x-ray film, but seems to be for ultrasound instead, so guessed about ISO rating, exposure, and reciprocity characteristics and got a result. Pretty clear that I'm being saved by the latitude of black and white film, but I'll still pretend it was my educated guesswork.
This was rated ISO 50, meter suggested 4 sec at f/16 to get skin in a reasonable zone; I went with 20 sec in a guess at reciprocity failure. Developed in D76 1:1 for about 6 and a half minutes in a Chromega print drum.
Not too far off, a bit less exposure would have probably been better (and would have allowed me to sit still long enough, perhaps.) Dev resulted in less contrast than I thought might happen (in part because I thought it was x-ray film.) Didn't get the plane of focus quite right either, but that's easy enough to fix...
Oh, and it's a process lens in barrel -- no shutter. Just used the lens cap. Well, in this case, my wife did...
Laura Chávez Silverman, a writer and creative director, is the founding naturalist of The Outside Institute, which nurtures humanity’s innate affinity for the wild through guided nature walks, foraging education, wildcrafting workshops and botanical mixology. The institute aims to inspire a joyful awareness and essential reciprocity between all beings. The Outside Institute’s publications currently include three volumes of its Field Guide to the Hudson & Upper Delaware Valleys.
To learn more or watch the talk, visit: creativemornings.com/talks/wilderness-with-laura-chavez-s...
Thanks to our Local Partners!
Mailchimp
Harvest
The Invisible Dog
Photos by:
Montserrat Diaz
Okay so I was not 100% pleased with my results for week three. The trouble using a film that I don't know what sort of reciprocity failure it has and trekking out into the cold Toronto night to do some long exposure and hop from bar to bar in the process. But actually there are a few here that I'm good with. One film to rule them all.
Hasselblad 500c - Carl Zeiss Planar 80mm 1:2.8 - Rollei RPX 100 @ ASA-100
Rollei RPX-D (1+15) 6:30 @ 20C
Meter: Pentax Spotmeter V
Scanner: Epson V700
Editor: Adobe Photoshop CC (2015)
Josie was playing with a pipe cleaner as we were talking about representing reciprocity. Judith pointed to this and said, "That's it!"
Pinhole (Camera Obscura/Lensless / Without Lens) Photography to 6x9 B&W film
Author : IMRE BECSI
Location of shoot :
Opatija,
Croatia,
Europe
Latitude : 45°20'3.19"N
Longitude : 14°18'23.08"E
Time of shoot :
10.07.2008.
Shooting
Film : Ilford FP4 Plus 125
Filters : Tiffen Cir.Polar
Metered expo.: 1/60 - 22
Calculated expo.: 13 sec.
( I use my reciprocity compensation value chart to Ilford film)
The camera :
Body is a Film Back Adapter Plate from a Polaroid 203 camera
- focus : 35 mm
- pinhole : 0,25 mm (Lenox Laser)
- diaphragm : 140
Film back : Graflex 23 Graphic 120 Roll Film Holder for 4x5
Shutter and Pinhole holder is a "pu(s)h" from Dr. Kai Fuhrmann with filter thread (homemade).
POST WORK ( I.) : (14.07.2008.)
Developer : Agfa Rodinal
Developing dilution : 1:100
Developing time : 7 min. 30 sec.
Developing temperature : 20 C
Developing agitation : Continuously for the first 60 second, and then tilt every 60 second (5 second)
Post work (II.) : (14.07.2008.)
Scanner : Epson Perfection 3200 Photo (2400 dpi)
Scanner software : SilverFast SE
Final work : PS
If interesting for you my other work please see my all pictures on one page :
www.flickrleech.net/user/jonespointfilm
Thanks for looking !
Years ago I was leading a reflection session on the subject of mercy at Reciprocity Foundation, a homeless aide organization in New York City. Later a young guy, probably 22 years old, approached me. His granny commonly chatted regarding forgiveness and he wished to share an item of her...
My one day trip (long flight connection) to Seul.
Thanks for watching! :) Add to a contacts! Reciprocity guaranteed!
This is the receipt I received after paying my COP 160,000 (They do accept credit cards)..A special COP $160,000 (about $70.00 Canadian) fee just for Canadians. There is even a special line just for Canadians at Bogota Airport.
Immigration Proceedings. This is a reciprocity fee for Canadian citizens demanded by the Canadian Government which obeys the biometric data imposition to Colombian citizens that request visa.
Laura Chávez Silverman, a writer and creative director, is the founding naturalist of The Outside Institute, which nurtures humanity’s innate affinity for the wild through guided nature walks, foraging education, wildcrafting workshops and botanical mixology. The institute aims to inspire a joyful awareness and essential reciprocity between all beings. The Outside Institute’s publications currently include three volumes of its Field Guide to the Hudson & Upper Delaware Valleys.
To learn more or watch the talk, visit: creativemornings.com/talks/wilderness-with-laura-chavez-s...
Thanks to our Local Partners!
Mailchimp
Harvest
The Invisible Dog
Photos by:
Montserrat Diaz
Springfield Township Senior Center forms a reciprocity partnership with Wyoming, holding an Open House, giving tours, demonstrating programs like Dance Yoga, Tai Chi, and watercolor. © Malinda Hartong
I think these form a crow (background) and an elephant?!
A spectacular and very innovative event during the festival - a "bottle" built up of layers of clay and bottles - and fired from the inside!
The fire was lit at 13.00 - by 21.00 the temperature had reached 800°C
The next day, the structure was taken down - with fascinating shapes formed by the melting of the glass bottles ....
With special thoughts of Reciprocity, who would have found this fascinating, in view of his fantastic creations using light and glass .... (www.flickr.com/photos/alanjaras/with/7307998414/#photo_73...)
For information about the festival: www.festival-ceramique-anduze.org/
Springfield Township Senior Center forms a reciprocity partnership with Wyoming, holding an Open House, giving tours, demonstrating programs like Dance Yoga, Tai Chi, and watercolor. © Malinda Hartong
After spending several hours running through half a dozen sheets of Ektascan, changing developing times and exposures, I set up the 70D and shot this in about 30 seconds. Desturate, upload, done. Some things are better suited to digital...
Whilst the weather was a bit gloomy and I had little else to do I set myself an exercise to photograph my Wife's White and Lemon Orchids against some Cut Black Slate which I had had cut a while ago to use as a background.
The main aim of the exercise was to use the front swing and tilt of my Canham MQC 5x7 to enable me to bring most if not all the flower heads into focus. As these heads were stacked both right and left and up and down it seemed the perfect type of subject.
The image was shot on Adox CHS25 5x7 film using a Schneider 240mm f5.6 Symmar-S lens which was set at f29 (I had to lose 1/3 stop to allow for reciprocity failure). I also had to allow 2½ stops for the bellows extension which then gave me an exposure time of 60 seconds.
The film was rotary processed using a Jobo Print Drum with Pyrocat HD at 24° C for 8 minutes and then fixed using some home-made TF-3 Alkaline fixer before washing and drying.
When dried the film was scanned using my V750 scanner at 1200dpi and then some localised exposure control was carried out using Nik Silver Efex Pro 2 before finally resizing and sharpening in Photoshop CS5.
RESEARCH FOR EXTENDING RECIPROCITY
Shannon Cooney
Extending Reciprocity, a new production by Shannon Cooney, will examine empathetic responses when one spectator witnesses another, in close contact with the performer, who will rock, embrace or sway them in the rhythm of the craniosacral system (a vital system in the body with a slow rhythmical impulse and low resonance).
For Neukölln’s window, this will be documented both by video and in hand-out surveys given to the passer-by public to fill out and leave for the installation.
This is an early stage of the work, and will serve both as an interesting interactive performance as well as gathering material and documentation for the future production in November 2013. In line with Shannon Cooney’s teaching and dance making practices where she weaves somatic work with performance. One can read more on her website at www.shannoncooney.org to follow the creation details.
My Previous endeavor to survey this site can be viewed below
www.flickr.com/photos/tang_yiming/sets/72157625054232880/...
One Raffles Quay
The building that houses all the big foreign banks in Singapore. For some working here like me, its a dream to be making months end knowing your working at One Raffles Quay, for some, its the house of one of the Big 4 accounting firms, where sleepless nights of unpaid overtime and brutal workload build character and provide invaluable experience.
Constructed a few years back, this building was one of the newer iconic structures in Singapore's City Business District. The mass amount of traffic you see here is due to the newly opened road to the Marina Bay Sands Resort and Casino as well as the new and upcoming Marina Bay FInancial Centre. I will post further shots of this later.
View this slightly Bigger
farm5.static.flickr.com/4092/5064701275_d266b68c9a_b.jpg
Here's some equipment and shooting information for the curious
Friday October 08, 2010 - Approximately 100PM
Adok CHS ART Asa 25 4x5"
Chamonix 45n-2
Wide Angle Bellows -Maximun Lift
Nikkor 75mm SW f/4.5
F16 @ 1min 17Sec Exposure @ Asa 25 - Reflective metered
Compensated 3-4 mins for Reciprocity Film Failure (estimate :p)
Rodinal 1+167 for 16min @ Room Temp
Scanned w Epson v700 and Flavored to Taste in Lightroom
Tripod credits to Benny!
2nd exposure of the Second scene of my own private IR shoot out. Botanical Gardens, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco.
Efke AURA INFRARED 820c - D76
SEKONIC L-778 DUAL SPOT F METER
Heliopan 67mm INFRARED RG-715 FILTER
(Shot at 50ASA, Metered through the filter)
EV4 (+reciprocity compensation): 3min @ f22
Hasselblad 500 C/M w/80mm CF Zeiss Planar T*
Epson PERFECTION V750-M PRO SCANNER
(20110116_EFKE_IR820_AURA_47614_006)
Polaroid 600se with Mamiya 127mm lens, tripod and cable release on Fuji 100c instant pack film - f22 @ 22 minutes (taken while watching the President's speech) on 01/27/10. Not digital, no Photoshop.
an 8 minute exposure on 4x5 film, during which I was drinking a glass of wine...;-)
Exposure was measured using a Lunasix Exposure Meter (Gossan) and essentially tripled due to reciprocity.
Testing out the 4x5. Nikkor W 150mm 15 seconds @f5.6 on Fuji fp100c.
I like this film, just wish the reciprocity failure characteristics were better, and it'd be nice if it were cheaper, too :)
The ring tower is a striking high-rise building in a prominent location in Vienna, where is located the headquarters of the Vienna Insurance Group. It was built in 1953-1955 after designs of Erich Boltenstern at Schottenring inside the Viennese Ringstrasse and is located at the stop Schottenring of the Wiener Linien (Vienna Public Transport). The 73 meter (93 meter height including the weather light column) high ring tower was deemed as innovative project for the reconstruction of the city.
The building, which previously stood on this plot, was the only one of the entire Scots ring which was destroyed in the Second World War. The ring tower with its 23 floors and its 20-meter high weather lighthouse is the second highest building inside Vienna's Ringstrasse. Higher is only the Gothic-style St. Stephen's Cathedral. In addition to the central office of the Vienna Insurance Group are now also offices of Wiener Stadtwerke (public utility company) in the ring tower. In the office building a total of 12,000 square meters of effective surface is available. The facade and parts of the ring tower were renovated in 1996.
Name
In a contest, a name was sought for the then very modern office skyscraper. Among 6,502 entries the name "ring tower" was chosen. There were, among other proposals, such as City House, Gutwill-house (goodwill-house), house of reciprocity, high-corner, new tower, Sonnblick-house, insurance high-rise, Vindobona-house or vision-house (farsightedness-house) of the creative population after the war. One of the submitters of the name "ring tower" was rewarded with an honorarium of 2,000 shillings.
Weather lighthouse
Weather lighthouse, seen from the ring road
On the roof there is the 20-meter high weather lighthouse with 117 lights in differently colored light signals the weather for the next day displaying (each 39 white, red and green lights as well as 2 additional air traffic control lights).
This light column is directly connected to the ZAMG (Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics) on the Hohenwarte in Vienna.
Meaning of the signals:
red ascending = temperature rising
red descending = temperature falling
green ascending = weather conditions will be better
green descending = weather will be worse
Flashing red = warning lightning or storms
Flashing white = snow or ice
Ringturm 2013
Ringturm disguising
Since 2006, the ring tower is changed every year into an "art tower " by covering the building with printed webs. The covering consists of 30 printed network paths with about 3 meters wide and 63 or 36 meters in length , and the resulting area is approximately 4,000 square meters.
The previous art projects:
2006 "Don Giovianni" by Christian Ludwig Attersee (on the occasion of the Mozart Year)
2007 "Tower of Life" by Robert Hammerstiel
2008 "Tower in Bloom" by Hubert Schmalix (Blumenstillleben)
2011 "Sense of family" Xenia Hausner
2012 "Society" by Hungarian artist László Fehér
2013 "Connectedness" of the Slovak artist Dorota Sadovská
1s@f8 (EV6, no reciprocity failure compensation)
Tri-X 400 Shot at 800 and Pushed one stop in D76
Hasselblad 500 C/M w/80mm CF Zeiss T* Planar
Epson PERFECTION V750-M PRO SCANNER
(20101108_TriX_push1_D76_nightTest_012)
The Daasanach (also known as the Marille or Geleba) are an ethnic group inhabiting parts of Ethiopia, Kenya and Sudan. Their main homeland is in the Debub Omo Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, adjacent to Lake Turkana. According to the 2007 national census, they number 48,067 people (or 0.07% of the total population of Ethiopia), of whom 1,481 are urban dwellers.
There are a number of variant spellings of Daasanach, including Dasenach and Dassanech (the latter used in an episode about them in the TV series Tribe). Daasanach is the primary name given in the Ethnologue language entry.
The Daasanach are also called Marille especially by their neighbours, the Turkana of Kenya. The Daasanach are traditionally pastoralists, but in recent years have become primarily agropastoral. Having lost the majority of their lands over the past fifty years or so, primarily as a result from being excluded from their traditional Kenyan lands, including on both sides of Lake Turkana, and the 'Ilemi Triangle' of Sudan, they have suffered a massive decrease in the numbers of cattle, goats and sheep. As a result, large numbers of them have moved to areas closer to the Omo River, where they attempt to grow enough crops to survive. There is much disease along the river (including tsetse, which has increased with forest and woodland development there), however, making this solution to their economic plight difficult. Like many pastoral peoples throughout this region of Africa, the Daasanach are a highly egalitarian society, with a social system involving age sets and clan lineages - both of which involve strong reciprocity relations.
The Daasanach today speak the Daasanach language. It belongs to the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. The language is notable for its large number of noun classes, irregular verb system, and implosive consonants. For instance, the initial D in Daasanach is implosive, sometimes written as 'D.
Modern genetic analysis of the Daasanach indicates that they are more closely related to Nilo-Saharan and Niger-Congo-speaking populations inhabiting Tanzania than they are to the Cushitic and Semitic Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations of Ethiopia. This suggests that the Daasanach were originally Nilo-Saharan speakers, sharing common origins with the Pokot. In the 19th century, the Nilotic ancestors of these two populations are believed to have begun separate migrations, with one group heading southwards into the African Great Lakes region and the other group settling in southern Ethiopia. There, the early Daasanach Nilotes would have come into contact with a Cushitic-speaking population, and eventually adopted this group's Afro-Asiatic language.
This is part of a set of photos experimenting with a new YONGNUO YN 50mm F1.8 lens.
www.flickr.com/photos/dominicspics/albums/72157694661082464
The much larger aperture available - compared to the kit zoom lens I normally use - enabled a faster shutter, a lower (less "noisy") ISO, and also a shallower depth of field.
The lighting colour was often a terrible mix of direct sunshine, blue sky and the very orange colour reflected from wooden table tops. The "colour balance" adjustment tool in a photo editor editor - selectively adjusting highlight, mid-tone and shadow colours was useful in reducing the effects of the sometimes very blue shadows. (Traditionally this type of tool is used to "fix" issues relating to colour film, where the colour of light and dark areas could vary. This is for lots of reasons for relating to the processing and chemistry of film; and also to the physics of photons exposing film grains - for example reciprocity failure en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography) where darker areas for each of the colours present in the shadows may not be recorded proportionately. Presenting the same images in Black and White is another way of "dealing with" [avoiding!] the issue.
From my first roll of Kentmere 200. The negatives came from the lab quite thin but still seem to hold detail. A roll of PAN F in similar conditions was fine. These are all long exposures so that can have an influence, although the quoted reciprocity is the same as FP4. I am so tempted to have a play with developing this myself. Another thing is the thicker base. I was careful but still got a slightly fat roll. This happens sometimes with PAN F but never with thin and curly Rollei RPX25 / IR400.
Fuji Superia X-tra 400, Nikon FE2, Apr 2015
1 - f8 30s
exposure set to dslr meter reading x2 (for reciprocity)
(digital: 12s iso400)
f=infinity
Water appears smooth due to a long exposure. It was a warm spring evening with light waves on the lake.
Nikon FE with Kodak Ektar 100 negative film. This was scanned with the glass and also HDRed from three different scans of the negative with different scanner exposures. The HDR was done with the free version of Photomatix. My goal here was to get the best version of this negative. This particularly frame is very weakly exposed, the film almost looks clear. This is also why there is a certain amount of noisiness that can't be avoided. The exposure was automatically timed by the FE which doesn't compensate automatically for reciprocity failure.
Aggressive reciprocity between speakers and protesters just moments before the stage was taken by force.
This is part of a set of photos experimenting with a new YONGNUO YN 50mm F1.8 lens.
www.flickr.com/photos/dominicspics/albums/72157694661082464
The much larger aperture available - compared to the kit zoom lens I normally use - enabled a faster shutter, a lower (less "noisy") ISO, and also a shallower depth of field.
The lighting colour was often a terrible mix of direct sunshine, blue sky and the very orange colour reflected from wooden table tops. The "colour balance" adjustment tool in a photo editor editor - selectively adjusting highlight, mid-tone and shadow colours was useful in reducing the effects of the sometimes very blue shadows. (Traditionally this type of tool is used to "fix" issues relating to colour film, where the colour of light and dark areas could vary. This is for lots of reasons for relating to the processing and chemistry of film; and also to the physics of photons exposing film grains - for example reciprocity failure en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography) where darker areas for each of the colours present in the shadows may not be recorded proportionately. Presenting the same images in Black and White is another way of "dealing with" [avoiding!] the issue.