reciprocity photos on Flickr

©Solar Decathlon Europe

by Valeria Anzolin

and Jason Flakes

Is there a move to make Venezuela part of the Tamil separatist network in Latin America? A Interview with Ms. Tamara Kunanayakam, Ambassador of Sri Lanka to Cuba by The Gateway to South Asian Diplomacy

Political-management space by Simon Baddeley

'The relationship between politics and bureaucracy creates the most profound source of tesnion in the modern social order" Max Weber

This is the only diagram I need for this chapter yet it writing it writhes in my head - a daily reminder of inadequacy for all the pleasant displacement activities prompted by this familiar paralysis (blogging, posting to Flickr, feeding the fish). It’s like making love in old age – the delightful ridiculous unreliable coincidence of presence, desire and potency.

There are various ways of looking at leadership ‘at the apex’. The intermingling of politics and management is granted - their separation a convenient myth practised by politicians and managers seeking to evade difficulties of government. Among the ways of commenting on the interconnection (or its avoidance) are Max Weber’s, Agneta Blom’s, John Stewart’s, Peter Self’s, Poul Mouritzen’s and James Svara’s and mine (drawing on these). I should describe each in brief and then expand on my three categories of relationship using examples, in the case of the last and most positive, from my film interviews of members and officer’s in conversation.

Where I can contribute is by discussing the fluidity and tension in the relationship between a politician and an officer. How it can shift from reciprocity to dependency. Though Self used the image of a bridge between politics and administration, he omitted Weber’s argument about a ‘profound source of tension’ between democracy and bureaucracy or, to stay with Self’s metaphor, the opposing pressures on the keystone – which are on the one hand the source of the bridge’s stability, but on the other a reminded of the violence of its collapse if the equilibrium of forces bearing on the keystone is disturbed, either by the crumbling of the keystone itself or the grounding of the bridge. An interdependent overlapping relationship - a tango - can become separate and co-dependent with a change of power and personality and external circumstances. The Jeeves-Wooster, and the Sir Humphrey-Jim Hacker relationships present themselves as attractive evasions of the tango. The challenge for a political leader and a senior manager recognising the possibilities that a relationship is ceasing or has ceased to be reciprocal, interdependent and overlapping, is how to recover the dance, how, jointly, to relearn its complex steps and rhythm. I have conversations that show the delicacy of this process of re-establishing, renegotiating and strengthening trust at the political-management interface.

democracystreet.blogspot.com/search/label/leadership at the apex

2 1

Is there a move to make Venezuela part of the Tamil separatist network in Latin America? A Interview with Ms. Tamara Kunanayakam, Ambassador of Sri Lanka to Cuba

1. You are Sri Lanka’s Ambassador to Cuba. What brought you to Caracas?

Our attention was drawn to the active presence in Caracas of a delegation representing Canadian HART meeting Government authorities making false, fabricated and defamatory accusations against the Government of Sri Lanka, alleging that there was a ‘genocide’ against the Tamil community in Sri Lanka and ‘concentration camps.'

They were trying to persuade the Venezuelan Government to give refuge to members of the Tamil community who they claimed were held incommunicado in Indonesia after their ship was allegedly intercepted on its way to Australia.

It baffles me why an organisation in Canada, an immigration country with some 250,000 Tamil residents, should ask Venezuela – a Spanish speaking country – to give refuge to persons who are in the other end of the world - Indonesia and who want to go to Australia!

I can only surmise that this was only a pretext, the real objective being to lure Venezuela into providing symbolic recognition to the pseudo Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam (TGTE) that had just held its inaugural Congress in Philadelphia, its goal being to establish a separate State in Sri Lanka. They were also hoping to obtain Venezuela’s help to organise a network in Latin America to promote their separatist cause.

2. Who is behind Canadian HART?

Canadian HART was launched in 2008 by LTTE front organisations, the Tamil Youth Organisation of Canada (TYO – Canada), the Canadian Tamil Congress and Tamil Women’s Organisation. The LTTE’s Tiger flag boldly flutters on the home page of the TYO-Canada website, despite the LTTE being banned as a terrorist organisation. The TYO and the Canadian Tamil Congress are also listed as supporters of the Canadian HART operated website www.tamilidpcrisis.org

The Canadian Tamil Congress is one of the most influential founders of the recently formed Global Tamil Forum (GTF), which was created by ex- LTTE International Chief Selvarasa Pathmanathan alias KP by bringing together 15 existing LTTE front organizations from different Western countries with the goal of establishing a separate State in Sri Lanka. KP is one of the two architects of TGTE.

In January this year, Canadian HART Media Team Coordinator Jessica Chandrashekar accompanied Saradha Nathan, a member of another LTTE front organisation, the Australian Tamil Congress, to Indonesia to visit the so-called asylum-seekers detained in Indonesia. The Australian Tamil Congress is also founder of the pro-LTTE pro-separatist Global Tamil Forum.

Canadian HART Jessica Chandrashekar was apprehended trying to smuggle laptops and other documents to those on board. Both she and Saradha Nathan were taken into questioning in Indonesia on suspicion of human trafficking. It is reported that a high-profile LTTE leader who had been deported from Toronto and several other identified LTTE members were on board the vessel.

These organisations and their campaign of defamation have the support of certain major powers, their institutions and NGOs such as the International Crisis Group, Human Rights Watch, Reporters without Borders, Amnesty International, The Real News Network of Sharmini Peries, and individuals such as Ron Ridenour and Patrick O’Donoghue.

3. You are part of the Tamil community yourself. What do you have to say about the allegations of genocide by Canadian HART?

Such allegations are ridiculous, a caricature and dangerous. Yes, I belong to the Tamil community and I’m proud to be Sri Lankan!

Cries of genocide were heard only during the last phase of the war and only when the military defeat of the LTTE became possible and to justify external intervention to rescue its leaders.

If one takes a closer look at the definition of ‘genocide’ in the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, you will have a hard time finding evidence that there was intent on the part of the Government of Sri Lanka “to destroy, in whole or in part” the Tamil community.

The Tamil community represents about 18% of a total Sri Lankan population of about 21 million. Although there is a large concentration of the community in the North, the majority live outside alongside other Sri Lankan communities, Sinhala, Muslim, Moor, Malay and Burghers. If there was genocide, would the communities be living peacefully alongside each other? Since time immemorial, mixed marriages have been common. This is true in my own family.

You will find political parties emanating from the Tamil community in Government. Others emanating from the same community have elected representatives in parliament. Even the pro-LTTE political Party TNA has entered the democratic process and participated in recent elections. Members of the community are at senior levels of Government, in the judiciary and law enforcement agencies, in the various professions, in Universities, in the press, in business – in every walk of life! Sri Lanka’s former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lakshman Kadirgamar was from the community. He was assassinated by the LTTE. After the Eastern Province was liberated by Government forces with the aid of a breakaway LTTE faction, provincial elections were held and a former LTTE child-soldier was appointed by the President as Chief Minister of that province. An ex-LTTE Commander was appointed as Minister of National Integration.

Government forces were engaged not against the Tamil community, but against a terrorist organisation that fought a relentless and ruthless war for separation. They were engaging LTTE suicide squads, the Black Tigers, trained in suicide operations, unprecedented in history. The Black Tigers were involved in the assassination of former Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi and Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa.

Let’s recall that right from the beginning of his mandate and practically until the end of the war in May 2009, President Mahinda Rajapaksa continued to call for discussions, even face to face, with the LTTE leader Prabakharan, who didn’t even respond.

Throughout the war, the Sri Lankan Government continued to transport – physically – salaries of pubic servants to LTTE-controlled areas so that Tamil community was not deprived of essential services.

The Eastern Province was liberated in 2007 by the Sri Lankan armed forces fighting alongside other groups emanating from the Tamil community, including an important faction that split from the LTTE, Within 6 months the Government had resettled 220,000 IDPs from that Province. In fact, some NGOs and governments protested that it was too fast!

The more recent IDPs numbering some 300,000 members are those who fled for safety from LTTE-controlled areas to Government cleared areas in May 2009. They had been forced to follow the trail of a retreating LTTE across jungles for use as human shields. Many had been corralled out of the Jaffna peninsula at gunpoint by the LTTE, as early as 1995, during the first big enforced exodus.

In the last stages of the war when the LTTE was cornered, it is well known that civilians were prevented from moving out of the line of fire or escaping to government-controlled areas. In an attempt to prevent them escaping, the LTTE fired at the fleeing civilians, launched grenade and mortar attacks, and sent suicide bombers to explode in their midst.

4. But, what about allegations of concentration camps?

There are NO concentration camps in Sri Lanka!

To accommodate this unprecedented surge of fleeing hostages, the Government rapidly set up welfare villages with UN assistance. In the welfare villages, not a single person starved even for a day! Not a single outbreak of disease! Not a single death by unnatural causes reported! Efforts were made to provide education facilities for children. In November 2009, 19,364 boys and 19,644 girls were attending classes within the Welfare Village. An important programme of rehabilitation of former child soldiers and ex-combatants was conducted. From May 2009, mortality rates had dropped to an average of 2 to 3 per day giving an annual crude mortality rate of 4,4 per 1000 persons in Vavuniya, which had the largest number of IDP villages. This is compatible with mortality rates in any other part of the country.

The resettlement process conducted in cooperation with UNHCR according to International standards has been rapid, despite the over 1.5 million landmines and UXOs that have had to be cleared to guarantee the safety of returnees. Today, more than 80% of the IDPs have returned to their homes or are with host families. The 20% remaining in welfare villages have been cleared to leave at any time.

More than 68 UN agencies, INGOs and NGOs have access to the villages and assist in the resettlement process. More than 173 media personnel have visited the area since 2009 and can testify.

So far, out of 11,000 IDPs identified as LTTE combatants, over 2000 have been released after completing a rehabilitation programme. These include 847 females, 253 children and 55 university students. At present, there are 148 University students, including 51 females, under rehabilitation.

Canadian HART and foreign supporters of separatism such as Ron Ridenour conveniently forget the collective forcible eviction of the Muslim population by the LTTE from the North and North-West of the country in October 1990. They were given only 24 hours to take a few personal items. It is only now, 20 years after their expulsion that my Government has been able to even begin resettling the over 60,000 Muslims still displaced.

At that time and ever since, nobody called this barbarous act ‘genocide’ or ‘ethnic cleansing’!

5. Does the Global Tamil Forum (GTF) and the Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam (TGTE) represent the Tamil Diaspora and the entire Tamil community?

No, they don’t!

The GTF and the TGTE claim that they represent the ‘Tamil Diaspora,’ which is then rehashed by individuals like Ron Ridenour, to justify claims of genocide and hence the need for a separate State.

Both organisations were formed by international leaders of the earlier LTTE and are composed of LTTE front organisations and their supporters in various Western countries. What they have in common is their LTTE origins and the demand for a separate State. Having lost territory and control over the Tamil community in Sri Lanka, claims of genocide has become a facile argument to justify foreign intervention to help create a separate State.

The TGTE is a re-branded manifestation of the LTTE overseas structure. Its co-architects are Visuvanathan Rudrakumaran, former international legal advisor of the LTTE and New York based Lawyer, and Selvarasa Pathmanathan alias KP, previously International Chief in charge of international LTTE branch administration, global fund raising and arms acquisition. The TGTE is unambiguously clear about its ultimate goal being creation of a separate State. At its inaugural Congress in Philadelphia, the LTTE flag was openly flaunted alongside the US flag, despite it being a banned terrorist organization, and Rudrakumaran was elected as Interim Chief Executive of TGTE. As I mentioned earlier, the GTF too is an entity formed by bringing together several LTTE front organisations in the West.

These organisations are unrepresentative, but project themselves as the ‘sole representatives of the Tamil people.’ Their leaders belong to a financially powerful and influential class of educated professionals and businesspeople residing in the West and benefiting from external political and financial backing.

Let us recall the brutal war the LTTE waged against other groups issuing from the Tamil community, assassinating intellectuals, politicians and activists to establish itself as the ‘sole representative.’ At the same time, its representatives moved into gain a stranglehold over the Tamil community in the west – including through intimidation, assault, and threats to families in Sri Lanka. Paris and Toronto were prime examples of the phenomenon, where unquestioning compliance was demanded and wrought.

The TGTE too has made clear that it will not take into account decisions of the so-called “Tamil leadership” inside Sri Lanka unless they accept its separatist agenda.

No, the Tamil community is not a homogenous group!

Our perceptions of who we are and the choices we make depend essentially on our historical origins, our economic and social status, geographic location, and cultural background. For instance, the demand of almost 1 million workers belonging to the Tamil community brought as indentured labour by the British from India was to obtain Sri Lankan nationality. The LTTE showed no concern whatsoever for the fate of this working class.

Within Sri Lanka, even in regions such as the East and the northern Jaffna peninsula, which separatists claim as their territory, there is no popular support for the separatist cause.

As for INGOs and their backers and individuals who tow the LTTE/TGTE line, genocide is only a pretext for achieving a hidden agenda. Perhaps we are seeing a new model for external intervention in the making, creation of a dangerous precedent. First, encourage groups without territory or control over the population to establish ‘Transnational Governments.’ Then, facilitate a campaign of defamation to justify intervention by a nebulous ‘international community’ to exercise the so-called ‘Responsibility to Protect’.’ Of course, all this has nothing to do with the principles of the UN Charter or human rights!

My question to you is, would you like to see this happening in Latin America where regional integration, the dream of Bolivar, is on the agenda?

6. In Latin America we have little information about Sri Lanka. Was there a popular insurrection in your country?

Insurrection implies an organised rebellion aimed at overthrowing the Government in place. The goal of the LTTE was not to overthrow the Government but to establish a separate State of Tamil Eelam under its totalitarian control. That is why they projected the Sinhalese people as the enemy.

The LTTE was NOT a liberation movement. It never had an economic or social programme nor did it concern itself with development of the areas it controlled or in improving the well-being of the Tamil community. The only institutions they set up were institutions of coercion – police stations, tribunals, prisons. They had airplanes, a fleet of tankers, and even submarines.

It was a terror organisation terrorising even members of the community they claimed to represent. Theirs was an anti-civilian approach! Child soldiers were forcibly recruited for their notorious baby-brigades and forewarned that their families would be wiped out if they surrender. They invented the suicide belt and pioneered the use of women in suicide attacks. Their soldiers wore cyanide vials for consumption upon capture.They practiced extortion. They were known within the Tamil community as the “Eelam Enterprise” for their involvement in human, arms and drug trafficking and sea piracy.

Tens of thousands of civilians from the community who did not subscribe to their separatist goal were physically eliminated, including leaders of progressive political groups and their cadres, politicians and intellectuals. In one day alone, they killed 175 leaders of the Tamil Eelam Liberation Organisation. Then they machine-gunned the entire Central Committee of the left-wing EPRLF – the Eelam Peoples´ Revolutionary Liberation Front.

It shocks me to hear comparisons being made between the LTTE and genuine liberation movements in Latin America and the Middle East.

Is it ethical to brand an entire community – the Sinhalese in this case – as enemy? Is it moral to target innocent civilians and workers in pubic places, transit hubs, buses, trains, marketplaces, temples, banks, office buildings, etc.

Ron Ridenour’s presentation of Rudrakumaran, top LTTE and TGTE leader and associate of the mafiosi KP, as a moral reference is an insult to the intelligence of people, particularly of the Tamil community itself!

7. How do you see your country going forward?

A new historical period is opening up for our country with a strong potential for development. Sri Lanka is the 2nd fastest growing economy in Asia, second only to China, and the 8th fastest growing economy in the world. According to the UNDP, Sri Lanka is one of the countries of the world on the threshold of achieving the Millennium Development Goals.

With the elimination of an autocratic group, democratic space has been opened. A large number of important emergency laws and regulations have been relaxed and a Commission on Lessons Learned and Reconciliation established. Soon, Northern Provincial Council elections will be held and members of the Tamil community in the North will be able to choose their own Chief Minister and administration. We are also engaging in a comprehensive dialogue with all political parties to stabilise the democratic administration.

We are building a strong national industry and agriculture to reduce import dependence and to achieve greater self-reliance, food and energy security. Every effort is being made to harness and further develop the country’s natural wealth and resources.

A massive development programme is underway in the recently liberated Northern and Eastern provinces with a total budget of US$ 4,3 billion for the period 2007 to 2012. In addition, from 2010 onwards, the Government will allocate some US$ 1 billion each year – for 3 years – for the North and East for reconstruction and rehabilitation.

With an average GDP growth of 6% or above between 2005 to 2008, our target is to achieve an average economic GDP growth of 8% after 2010 and to double GDP per capita to US$4,000 by 2016. Our priority is to ensure that growth is spread more evenly.

The almost 30-year old conflict ended and Sri Lanka has the potential to develop into a naval, aviation, commercial, energy and knowledge hub, serving as a key link between the East and West. As one of the fastest growing economies and a feeder to rapidly growing China and India, Sri Lanka can become a regional centre and major gateway to India.

8. How do you see the relations between Sri Lanka and Venezuela?

Our Governments have excellent relations based on the principles of mutual respect, solidarity and reciprocity, and the relations between President Hugo Chavez and President Mahinda Rajapaksa have always been warm and friendly.

Sri Lanka and Venezuela are both firmly committed to the defence of State sovereignty, national independence, territorial integrity and non-interference, and to the pursuance of an independent, free and non-aligned foreign policy. Strengthening the national economy for the benefit of people, improving social well-being, achieving food and energy security, protection and preservation of the environment are common concerns. We are also firmly committed to a strong multilateral system and vibrant South-South cooperation.

During my cordial meeting with the Minister of External Relations, Mr.Nicolas Maduro, we reaffirmed the continuing solidity of the friendly relations between our two countries and the need to strengthen our cooperation in areas of mutual interest. My Government will exert every effort to do so at the bilateral as well as multilateral levels – at the United Nations, within the Non-Aligned Movement and the G.-15, which is chaired by Sri Lanka.

(This is an English translation of Ambassador Gunanayagam’s Interview to the Venezeula newspaper “Correo del Orinoco”)

CSX Radnor yard derailment. by Wild Bill D.

2

Another view of derailment, photo taken at dusk, in the late 1990's. Slide film developed in Sept. 2012, but color and light reciprocity factor is in full effect. Photo taken at Harding Place bridge in Nashville, TN

Polaroid 600SE, FP-100C Silk by Norbert Palša

1

Tried some star trails, but it would look better with a faster lens/film or a film with better reciprocity characteristics

Polaroid 600SE

Mamiya 127mm f/4.7 @4.7 3.5hrs (21:00-00:30)

Fujifilm FP-100C Silk

exposure brightened by 2.5 stops in Lightroom

©Solar Decathlon Europe

by Valeria Anzolin

and Jason Flakes

Branching Respiration Skin (Yukio minobe, 美濃部幸郎, 2008-2009)

Branching Respiration Skin 24 | Atelier Yukio Minobe 美濃部幸郎アトリエ by ARCHITECTURALECOLOGIES

この研究プロジェクトはバイオミメティクスの観点をベースに、自然の形態システム（モーフォロジー）をアルゴリズムにより再現し、環境性能の高い建築を生成する方法を探求している。自然界の中で高い換気性能をもつシロアリ塚を参照し、そのモーフォロジーが流線形の外形と内部の導管のブランチング・システムの組み合わせとして解釈されている。さらにこのモーフォロジーをデジタルに再現構成するアルゴリズムと、このアルゴリズムをエンジンとするパラメトリック・デザインと流体解析シミュレーションをループさせたデザイン・プロセスが新たに開発された。この統合的デザイン・プロセスは、環境の外的条件とその建築形態による内的な環境性能を有機的に関係させ、建築を自然環境に最適に適応するものとして生成することを可能にしている。

This project investigates a computational design methodology with reconstructions of natural morphologies through computational algorithms based on Biomimetics whereby higher-performative architecture can be generated. Termite mounds as a representative reference of the highest performative system in nature in terms of its natural ventilation are interpreted as the combination between the streamlining external form and internal branching systems of air conduits. Furthermore, a computational algorithm, which can reconstruct termite mounds' morphologies, and a new design process looping between parametric designs driven by the algorithms and C.F.D. simulations are developed. This integral design process can make architectural forms adaptive to nature through the reciprocity between external conditions from environments and internal performances of architecture itself.

Madeira, Funchal, 2008 by Przemek Wajerowicz

3 1

Embajada de Argentina by CreationWithStyle

4

Ubicado a pasos de la Plaza Baquedano se encuentra el edificio de la Embajada de la República Argentina. El predio, donde se encuentra, fue donado por el gobierno de Chile en 1912 como un gesto de amistad y reciprocidad, ya que el gobierno argentino había otorgado una propiedad con iguales fines en Buenos Aires.

Luego que un incendio destruyera casi la totalidad del edificio en 1943, el gobierno chileno decidió hacerse cargo de su reconstrucción a través de la Dirección de Arquitectura del Ministerio de Obras Públicas. El proyecto elegido fue el de los arquitectos Alfredo Johnson y Carlos Feureisen y fue llevado a cabo entre los años 1944 y 1945.

El edificio se inspira en el estilo neoclásico de la Escuela de Beaux Arts de Paris y presenta un volumen de tres plantas, aislado y ubicado al centro del terreno diseñado con un parque. Posee un gran salón de 20 metros de largo por 6 metros de ancho, con cinco puertas de acceso al cual se llega por una galería en cuyo extremo sur se encuentra el comedor, mientras que en el extremo norte se encuentra el Salón San Martín. Contiguo al comedor hay una gran terraza con sus barandas, jarrones floridos y escaleras dobles como reminiscencias de Roma y Versailles.

La fachada poniente destaca por los ventanales de la galería y el jardín de invierno que hacen de espejo de los árboles y del cielo.

El patio trasero tiene también un hermoso parque con palmeras, acacias y algunas coníferas, además de senderos de piedra que llevan al garaje y zona de vestuarios de la piscina, antigua casa de cuidadores.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Located steps from Plaza Baquedano is the building of the Embassy of the Argentine Republic. The property, where it is located, was donated by the Chilean government in 1912 as a gesture of friendship and reciprocity, since the Argentine government had granted a property for the same purposes in Buenos Aires.

After a fire destroyed almost the entire building in 1943, the Chilean government decided to take charge of its reconstruction through the Architecture Directorate of the Ministry of Public Works. The chosen project was that of the architects Alfredo Johnson and Carlos Feureisen and was carried out between 1944 and 1945.

The building is inspired by the neoclassical style of the School of Beaux Arts of Paris and presents a three-story volume, isolated and located in the center of the land designed with a park. It has a large room 20 meters long by 6 meters wide, with five access doors which is reached through a gallery at the south end of which is the dining room, while at the north end is the San Martín Room. Adjacent to the dining room is a large terrace with its railings, flower vases and double stairs reminiscent of Rome and Versailles.

The west façade stands out for the windows of the gallery and the winter garden that act as a mirror of the trees and the sky.

The backyard also has a beautiful park with palm trees, acacias and some conifers, as well as stone paths that lead to the garage and pool changing area, a former caretaker's house.

Reciprocity by Jim Blodget

1 4

Sometimes I'm the master of the medium, sometimes the slave, and sometimes we work together as partners.

I took a picture. Photo FX and ToonPaint simplified and altered the picture. I combined their work in Sketch Club. Pixlromatic chose the colors. Glaze improvised on the theme. I added some finishing touches in ArtRage and then cropped with Photogene.

iPad 3, Photo FX, ToonPaint, Sketch Club, Pixlromatic, Glaze, ArtRage, and Photogene apps.

Branching Respiration Skin 35 | Atelier Yukio Minobe 美濃部幸郎アトリエ by ARCHITECTURALECOLOGIES

Branching Respiration Skin (Yukio minobe, 美濃部幸郎, 2008-2009)

この研究プロジェクトはバイオミメティクスの観点をベースに、自然の形態システム（モーフォロジー）をアルゴリズムにより再現し、環境性能の高い建築を生成する方法を探求している。自然界の中で高い換気性能をもつシロアリ塚を参照し、そのモーフォロジーが流線形の外形と内部の導管のブランチング・システムの組み合わせとして解釈されている。さらにこのモーフォロジーをデジタルに再現構成するアルゴリズムと、このアルゴリズムをエンジンとするパラメトリック・デザインと流体解析シミュレーションをループさせたデザイン・プロセスが新たに開発された。この統合的デザイン・プロセスは、環境の外的条件とその建築形態による内的な環境性能を有機的に関係させ、建築を自然環境に最適に適応するものとして生成することを可能にしている。

This project investigates a computational design methodology with reconstructions of natural morphologies through computational algorithms based on Biomimetics whereby higher-performative architecture can be generated. Termite mounds as a representative reference of the highest performative system in nature in terms of its natural ventilation are interpreted as the combination between the streamlining external form and internal branching systems of air conduits. Furthermore, a computational algorithm, which can reconstruct termite mounds' morphologies, and a new design process looping between parametric designs driven by the algorithms and C.F.D. simulations are developed. This integral design process can make architectural forms adaptive to nature through the reciprocity between external conditions from environments and internal performances of architecture itself.

Branching Respiration Skin 21 | Atelier Yukio Minobe 美濃部幸郎アトリエ by ARCHITECTURALECOLOGIES

Branching Respiration Skin (Yukio minobe, 美濃部幸郎, 2008-2009)

この研究プロジェクトはバイオミメティクスの観点をベースに、自然の形態システム（モーフォロジー）をアルゴリズムにより再現し、環境性能の高い建築を生成する方法を探求している。自然界の中で高い換気性能をもつシロアリ塚を参照し、そのモーフォロジーが流線形の外形と内部の導管のブランチング・システムの組み合わせとして解釈されている。さらにこのモーフォロジーをデジタルに再現構成するアルゴリズムと、このアルゴリズムをエンジンとするパラメトリック・デザインと流体解析シミュレーションをループさせたデザイン・プロセスが新たに開発された。この統合的デザイン・プロセスは、環境の外的条件とその建築形態による内的な環境性能を有機的に関係させ、建築を自然環境に最適に適応するものとして生成することを可能にしている。

This project investigates a computational design methodology with reconstructions of natural morphologies through computational algorithms based on Biomimetics whereby higher-performative architecture can be generated. Termite mounds as a representative reference of the highest performative system in nature in terms of its natural ventilation are interpreted as the combination between the streamlining external form and internal branching systems of air conduits. Furthermore, a computational algorithm, which can reconstruct termite mounds' morphologies, and a new design process looping between parametric designs driven by the algorithms and C.F.D. simulations are developed. This integral design process can make architectural forms adaptive to nature through the reciprocity between external conditions from environments and internal performances of architecture itself.

Little Pot of Horrors (4x5) by Kurt Zoglmann

4 11

Our local grocery store had a sale on Venus Fly traps. As a kid I had a fascination with them and always wanted to have one. I'm not for sure why it has taken this long as an adult to fulfill a simple childhood fantasy.

A few days ago I discovered that the Toyo 45AII has a back extension, which allows the bellows to be extended a full 305mm! With a 150mm lens, it allows one to capture life size images at 1:1! I love macro images and I couldn't wait to try it out in large format. The venus fly trap made for a great subject.

It hasn't been until recently have I begun to understand how to take into account the bellows extension. This is particularly important for macro work, such as this.

As it turns out, calculating the bellows factor is a little confusing on the surface. You take the distance from the lens to the film divided by the focal length of the lens. Then raise this to the power of two. This is the bellows factor and is the multiplier for time. It can be helpful to think of the bellows factor in terms of f-stops and light falloff. To calculate this, take the log of the bellows factor divided by the log of 2. Yes, you need a scientific calculator.

Based on a table that I created for reference, it appears I may have been under exposing some subjects between 1/3 and 1/2 of an f-stop. That isn't too bad, but it is enough to keep track of in the future. My camera conveniently measures the distance from the lens board to the film, so it will be relatively easy to take the bellows factor into account from now on. I already have to take the reciprocity failure into account in a number of circumstances, so I'm not afraid to take out the calculator for one more use.

f/32 -- 3 minutes

FujiFilm Acros ISO 100 (4x5 format)

taken with Toyo 45AII with 150mm f/5.6 Apo-Sironar-N Lens

Developed in Ilfotec DD-X for 9min at 68F

Scanned with Epson Perfection V750 PRO

my identifier: venus 3c

CANADA BINGO BOARD or RECIPROCITY PLATE with 1979 MANITOBA STICKER by Jerry "Woody"

1

Canada's truckers plate or "bingo board" plate.

©Solar Decathlon Europe

by Valeria Anzolin

and Jason Flakes

Branching Respiration Skin (Yukio minobe, 美濃部幸郎, 2008-2009)

Branching Respiration Skin 32 | Atelier Yukio Minobe 美濃部幸郎アトリエ by ARCHITECTURALECOLOGIES

1

この研究プロジェクトはバイオミメティクスの観点をベースに、自然の形態システム（モーフォロジー）をアルゴリズムにより再現し、環境性能の高い建築を生成する方法を探求している。自然界の中で高い換気性能をもつシロアリ塚を参照し、そのモーフォロジーが流線形の外形と内部の導管のブランチング・システムの組み合わせとして解釈されている。さらにこのモーフォロジーをデジタルに再現構成するアルゴリズムと、このアルゴリズムをエンジンとするパラメトリック・デザインと流体解析シミュレーションをループさせたデザイン・プロセスが新たに開発された。この統合的デザイン・プロセスは、環境の外的条件とその建築形態による内的な環境性能を有機的に関係させ、建築を自然環境に最適に適応するものとして生成することを可能にしている。

This project investigates a computational design methodology with reconstructions of natural morphologies through computational algorithms based on Biomimetics whereby higher-performative architecture can be generated. Termite mounds as a representative reference of the highest performative system in nature in terms of its natural ventilation are interpreted as the combination between the streamlining external form and internal branching systems of air conduits. Furthermore, a computational algorithm, which can reconstruct termite mounds' morphologies, and a new design process looping between parametric designs driven by the algorithms and C.F.D. simulations are developed. This integral design process can make architectural forms adaptive to nature through the reciprocity between external conditions from environments and internal performances of architecture itself.

Branching Respiration Skin 28 | Atelier Yukio Minobe 美濃部幸郎アトリエ by ARCHITECTURALECOLOGIES

1

Branching Respiration Skin (Yukio minobe, 美濃部幸郎, 2008-2009)

この研究プロジェクトはバイオミメティクスの観点をベースに、自然の形態システム（モーフォロジー）をアルゴリズムにより再現し、環境性能の高い建築を生成する方法を探求している。自然界の中で高い換気性能をもつシロアリ塚を参照し、そのモーフォロジーが流線形の外形と内部の導管のブランチング・システムの組み合わせとして解釈されている。さらにこのモーフォロジーをデジタルに再現構成するアルゴリズムと、このアルゴリズムをエンジンとするパラメトリック・デザインと流体解析シミュレーションをループさせたデザイン・プロセスが新たに開発された。この統合的デザイン・プロセスは、環境の外的条件とその建築形態による内的な環境性能を有機的に関係させ、建築を自然環境に最適に適応するものとして生成することを可能にしている。

This project investigates a computational design methodology with reconstructions of natural morphologies through computational algorithms based on Biomimetics whereby higher-performative architecture can be generated. Termite mounds as a representative reference of the highest performative system in nature in terms of its natural ventilation are interpreted as the combination between the streamlining external form and internal branching systems of air conduits. Furthermore, a computational algorithm, which can reconstruct termite mounds' morphologies, and a new design process looping between parametric designs driven by the algorithms and C.F.D. simulations are developed. This integral design process can make architectural forms adaptive to nature through the reciprocity between external conditions from environments and internal performances of architecture itself.

leISO Aperture 1.0 by lechee lee

2 4

// leAperture Convert 1.0

// Author: Lechee.Lai

// Purpose: This tools work for your SLR camara if you have DSLR for Aperture convert with high ISO metering

// Since DSLR with have great visual after your exposure

// After convert your must have your own Reciprocity law adjust yourself

//

import javax.microedition.midlet.*;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;

import javax.microedition.rms.*;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.List;

public class Shutter extends MIDlet implements CommandListener

{

TextBox text;

private static RecordStore rs=null;

private Command enterCommand; //

private Command exitCommand; //

private Command backCommand;

private Display display;// display

private Ticker ticker1;

private Spacer spacer1;

private ChoiceGroup isoCg,apeCg,tapeCg;

private int gISO,gApe,tApe;

private int firstVal=1;

//private int SelIndexISO;

//private int SelIndexApe;

private StringItem siMsg;

// form

Form form = new Form("leISO Aperture 1.0");

TextField ExposureText = new TextField(

"ExposureTime S:", "", 10, TextField.NUMERIC);

String[] isoStrings = { "100", "200", "400", "800", "1600" };

String[] apeStrings = { "F2.8","F4","F5.6","F8","F11","F16","F22","F32" };

String[] TargetApe = { "F2.8","F4","F5.6","F8","F11","F16","F22","F32" };

public Shutter()

{

//+++ form

display = Display.getDisplay(this);

text = new TextBox("leISO Aperture Convert 1.0", "", 256, 0);

enterCommand = new Command("OK", Command.SCREEN, 1);

exitCommand = new Command("EXiT", Command.SCREEN, 2);

backCommand = new Command("Back", Command.BACK, 0);

display.setCurrent(form);

// form

isoCg = new ChoiceGroup("ISO DSLR", Choice.POPUP);

form.append(isoCg);

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

isoCg.append(isoStrings[i], null);

}

isoCg.setSelectedIndex(3, true);

apeCg = new ChoiceGroup("Aperture DSLR", Choice.POPUP);

form.append(apeCg);

for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {

apeCg.append(apeStrings[i], null);

}

apeCg.setSelectedIndex(1, true);

form.append(get_spacer1());

tapeCg = new ChoiceGroup("Target Aperture", Choice.POPUP);

form.append(tapeCg);

for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {

tapeCg.append(TargetApe[i], null);

}

tapeCg.setSelectedIndex(3, true);

form.addCommand(enterCommand);

form.addCommand(exitCommand);

form.append(ExposureText);

form.setTicker(get_ticker1());

form.setCommandListener(this);

//--- form

}

public static int sq(int x,int y){

int sum=1;

for (int i=1;i=120) {

str = Integer.toString(dd/60)+" Min "+Integer.toString(dd%60) + "s";

} else {

str = Integer.toString(dd)+"s";

}

StringItem siMessage1 = new StringItem("100/"+TargetApe[tApe]+": ",str);

if (firstVal==1)

firstVal=0;

else

form.delete(5);

form.append(siMessage1);

}

a pair of old soles by katiew

3 2

aka :: reciprocity

top image : liz, shot by me

bottom image : me, shot by liz

both lit by my car's headlights @ locations around i.r.b. ... i took the liberty of post-processing both images, to create a cohesive color palette & tone.

i love going guerilla-style shooting in the middle of the night with one of your very best friends (well, until the cops show up)!

Reciprocity by tinyfroglet

John

San Diego, CA

Branching Respiration Skin 26 | Atelier Yukio Minobe 美濃部幸郎アトリエ by ARCHITECTURALECOLOGIES

Branching Respiration Skin (Yukio minobe, 美濃部幸郎, 2008-2009)

この研究プロジェクトはバイオミメティクスの観点をベースに、自然の形態システム（モーフォロジー）をアルゴリズムにより再現し、環境性能の高い建築を生成する方法を探求している。自然界の中で高い換気性能をもつシロアリ塚を参照し、そのモーフォロジーが流線形の外形と内部の導管のブランチング・システムの組み合わせとして解釈されている。さらにこのモーフォロジーをデジタルに再現構成するアルゴリズムと、このアルゴリズムをエンジンとするパラメトリック・デザインと流体解析シミュレーションをループさせたデザイン・プロセスが新たに開発された。この統合的デザイン・プロセスは、環境の外的条件とその建築形態による内的な環境性能を有機的に関係させ、建築を自然環境に最適に適応するものとして生成することを可能にしている。

This project investigates a computational design methodology with reconstructions of natural morphologies through computational algorithms based on Biomimetics whereby higher-performative architecture can be generated. Termite mounds as a representative reference of the highest performative system in nature in terms of its natural ventilation are interpreted as the combination between the streamlining external form and internal branching systems of air conduits. Furthermore, a computational algorithm, which can reconstruct termite mounds' morphologies, and a new design process looping between parametric designs driven by the algorithms and C.F.D. simulations are developed. This integral design process can make architectural forms adaptive to nature through the reciprocity between external conditions from environments and internal performances of architecture itself.

Strike Whilst the Iron is Hot (on reciprocity) by Marcel & Rrose in Infrathin

1

China today, perhaps.

What is it? - Now solved. by Alan Jaras

15

#1

I thought I'd try one of these but it's probably too easy.

Esztergom No.2 (original version) by jonespointfilm

2 2

Pinhole/Camera Obscura /Lensfree/Loch camera/Lensless / Without Lens/Sténope/Spazio Stenopeico/Lyukkamera Photography to 3x4 B&W instant Film

View On Black

Author : IMRE BECSI

Location of shoot :

Esztergom,

Hungary,

Central-Europe

Latitude : 47°47'48.44"N

Longitude : 18°43'59.31"E

Time of shoot : 21.06.09.

Please see to the layered version :

www.flickr.com/photos/jonespointfilm/3674830046/

Shooting

Film : Fuji FP-100b (expired : 2007-05)

Filters : Tiffen Cir.Polar (4 1/2)

Metered expo.: 11 EV ( measured in a sun side with Minolta Auto Meter III + spherical diffuser head )

Calculated expo.: 1 sec.

( I use my reciprocity compensation value chart to FUJI instant B&W film)

Developing time : 60 sec. /+20 C°

The details of camera :

Body is a Film Back Adapter Plate from a Polaroid 203 camera

Film back : Polaroid Land Pack Film Holder to medium format type pack film (from my Polaroid 600 SE set)

Viewfinder : Door peeping (from OBI store) calibrated to the Polaroid pack film size

Shutter and Pinhole holder is a "pu(s)h" from Dr. Kai Fuhrmann

with filter thread for series 9 and 4 1/2 size tiffen filters (homemade).

If interests, how this camera looks, click then here :

www.flickr.com/photos/jonespointfilm/2837193476/

The parameters of camera : (when I use 95x73 mm format instant film)

- focus : 35 mm

- angle of view : 119°24'26"

- pinhole size: 0,25 mm (Lenox Laser)

- diaphragm : 140

-- light falloff at the corners [f/stops] : 3,6

- resolution [lines/diagonal] : 887

Post work : (06.2009.)

Scanner : Epson Perfection 3200 Photo (1200 dpi)

Scanner software : SilverFast SE

Final work : PS

Thanks for looking !

Comments very much welcome !

Important note:

all images are copyright protected © All rights reserved. no reproduction in any way, no copies, no editing, no publishing, no screenshots, no posting, no blogging, no transmitting downloading or uploading without my written permission!

by Valeria Anzolin

and Jason Flakes

by Valeria Anzolin

and Jason Flakes

Branching Respiration Skin (Yukio minobe, 美濃部幸郎, 2008-2009)

Artist by Danila Bedyaev

5

Danila

Thanks for watching! :) Add to a contacts! Reciprocity guaranteed!

2018061004 by Joshua Engler

2

Delta 3200 @1250 in Diafine, 4+4, Canon 1N RS. I'll have to have a look at the reciprocity failure charts for Delta 3200 - the frames where flash was used were very thin and hard to scan. Flash was pretty low power, so effective exposure time would have been extremely short.

The frames without flash were sufficiently dense to make scanning easy.

Mezcalitas by Steven Tyler PJs

4

Branching Respiration Skin 25 | Atelier Yukio Minobe 美濃部幸郎アトリエ by ARCHITECTURALECOLOGIES

この研究プロジェクトはバイオミメティクスの観点をベースに、自然の形態システム（モーフォロジー）をアルゴリズムにより再現し、環境性能の高い建築を生成する方法を探求している。自然界の中で高い換気性能をもつシロアリ塚を参照し、そのモーフォロジーが流線形の外形と内部の導管のブランチング・システムの組み合わせとして解釈されている。さらにこのモーフォロジーをデジタルに再現構成するアルゴリズムと、このアルゴリズムをエンジンとするパラメトリック・デザインと流体解析シミュレーションをループさせたデザイン・プロセスが新たに開発された。この統合的デザイン・プロセスは、環境の外的条件とその建築形態による内的な環境性能を有機的に関係させ、建築を自然環境に最適に適応するものとして生成することを可能にしている。

This project investigates a computational design methodology with reconstructions of natural morphologies through computational algorithms based on Biomimetics whereby higher-performative architecture can be generated. Termite mounds as a representative reference of the highest performative system in nature in terms of its natural ventilation are interpreted as the combination between the streamlining external form and internal branching systems of air conduits. Furthermore, a computational algorithm, which can reconstruct termite mounds' morphologies, and a new design process looping between parametric designs driven by the algorithms and C.F.D. simulations are developed. This integral design process can make architectural forms adaptive to nature through the reciprocity between external conditions from environments and internal performances of architecture itself.

by Valeria Anzolin

and Jason Flakes

1

by Valeria Anzolin

and Jason Flakes

Branching Respiration Skin (Yukio minobe, 美濃部幸郎, 2008-2009)

09-04-(6) by c.w. arts

1

Cyan because apparently fp-100c goes blue with reciprocity failure.

Magenta bars are fogging from an issue when loading the pack.

Branching Respiration Skin 22 | Atelier Yukio Minobe 美濃部幸郎アトリエ by ARCHITECTURALECOLOGIES

この研究プロジェクトはバイオミメティクスの観点をベースに、自然の形態システム（モーフォロジー）をアルゴリズムにより再現し、環境性能の高い建築を生成する方法を探求している。自然界の中で高い換気性能をもつシロアリ塚を参照し、そのモーフォロジーが流線形の外形と内部の導管のブランチング・システムの組み合わせとして解釈されている。さらにこのモーフォロジーをデジタルに再現構成するアルゴリズムと、このアルゴリズムをエンジンとするパラメトリック・デザインと流体解析シミュレーションをループさせたデザイン・プロセスが新たに開発された。この統合的デザイン・プロセスは、環境の外的条件とその建築形態による内的な環境性能を有機的に関係させ、建築を自然環境に最適に適応するものとして生成することを可能にしている。

This project investigates a computational design methodology with reconstructions of natural morphologies through computational algorithms based on Biomimetics whereby higher-performative architecture can be generated. Termite mounds as a representative reference of the highest performative system in nature in terms of its natural ventilation are interpreted as the combination between the streamlining external form and internal branching systems of air conduits. Furthermore, a computational algorithm, which can reconstruct termite mounds' morphologies, and a new design process looping between parametric designs driven by the algorithms and C.F.D. simulations are developed. This integral design process can make architectural forms adaptive to nature through the reciprocity between external conditions from environments and internal performances of architecture itself.

Wien, 1. Bezirk (l’arte delle facciate di Vienna) - Franz-Josefs-Kai/Schottenring (Ringturm) by Josef Lex (El buen soldado Švejk)

1

The ring tower is a striking high-rise building in a prominent location in Vienna, where is located the headquarters of the Vienna Insurance Group. It was built in 1953-1955 after designs of Erich Boltenstern at Schottenring inside the Viennese Ringstrasse and is located at the stop Schottenring of the Wiener Linien (Vienna Public Transport). The 73 meter (93 meter height including the weather light column) high ring tower was deemed as innovative project for the reconstruction of the city.

The building, which previously stood on this plot, was the only one of the entire Scots ring which was destroyed in the Second World War. The ring tower with its 23 floors and its 20-meter high weather lighthouse is the second highest building inside Vienna's Ringstrasse. Higher is only the Gothic-style St. Stephen's Cathedral. In addition to the central office of the Vienna Insurance Group are now also offices of Wiener Stadtwerke (public utility company) in the ring tower. In the office building a total of 12,000 square meters of effective surface is available. The facade and parts of the ring tower were renovated in 1996.

Name

In a contest, a name was sought for the then very modern office skyscraper. Among 6,502 entries the name "ring tower" was chosen. There were, among other proposals, such as City House, Gutwill-house (goodwill-house), house of reciprocity, high-corner, new tower, Sonnblick-house, insurance high-rise, Vindobona-house or vision-house (farsightedness-house) of the creative population after the war. One of the submitters of the name "ring tower" was rewarded with an honorarium of 2,000 shillings.

Weather lighthouse

Weather lighthouse, seen from the ring road

On the roof there is the 20-meter high weather lighthouse with 117 lights in differently colored light signals the weather for the next day displaying (each 39 white, red and green lights as well as 2 additional air traffic control lights).

This light column is directly connected to the ZAMG (Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics) on the Hohenwarte in Vienna.

Meaning of the signals:

red ascending = temperature rising

red descending = temperature falling

green ascending = weather conditions will be better

green descending = weather will be worse

Flashing red = warning lightning or storms

Flashing white = snow or ice

Ringturm 2013

Ringturm disguising

Since 2006, the ring tower is changed every year into an "art tower " by covering the building with printed webs. The covering consists of 30 printed network paths with about 3 meters wide and 63 or 36 meters in length , and the resulting area is approximately 4,000 square meters.

The previous art projects:

2006 "Don Giovianni" by Christian Ludwig Attersee (on the occasion of the Mozart Year)

2007 "Tower of Life" by Robert Hammerstiel

2008 "Tower in Bloom" by Hubert Schmalix (Blumenstillleben)

2011 "Sense of family" Xenia Hausner

2012 "Society" by Hungarian artist László Fehér

2013 "Connectedness" of the Slovak artist Dorota Sadovská

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringturm

by Valeria Anzolin

and Jason Flakes