View allAll Photos Tagged reciprocity
Intrepid 4x5 | Schneider 150mm f5.6 | Rollei RPX 25
I would call my first outing with this film a failure. I shot 3 frames and liked this the best. It has an extremely thin base and I missed on my long exposures by over compensating for reciprocity. We live and learn.
This is the old farmhouse where my Dad grew up.
In May ’73, while house sitting, I performed a reciprocity failure experiment to see how various exposure times would affect the colors in a Kodachrome slide, using only the light from a nearby streetlight.
This was probably around a 15-minute exposure. (I seem to recall that the longest was 30 minutes, but I have found only this slide so far.)
Or rather... crabbing boats off the Washington coast, right at or just beyond the horizon on a cloudy, moonless dark night.
This shot was another technical failure, more accurately my failure to account for an exacerbated reciprocity failure with the 15+ year-old EliteChrome I had loaded. It was not a planned shot and it is what it is, shot with what I had. What I basically wanted I was able to pull out with my Ricoh digital, but not here. However, all that said, the few times I've come back across this shot the more I've accepted it (as tends to happen with these sorts of atmospheric failures) and I began to enjoy it in its own right, all my preconceptions aside. Do I wish I'd nailed what I was going for? Well, yeah, duh. But honestly, this is pretty cool. :)
This was about a 15 or 30 minute exposure (can't recall exactly) into inky blackness; not enough to scoop up the light from the phosphorescence. It should have been at least 30 minutes or an hour, but ahhh well.
Pentax MX | 67 75/4.5 adapted | Elitechrome 100 | Pakon F135
Pinhole/Camera Obscura /Lensfree/Loch camera/Lensless / Without Lens/Sténope/Estenopeica/Lyukkamera Photography
Author : IMRE BECSI
© All rights reserved
Location of shoot :
National Pantheon,
Budapest,
Hungary,
Central-Europe
Time of shoot :
2010.11.10.
Info of Shooting :
Film : Polaroid 690 Color Instant (expired)
Filter : Wratten 85b Nd6(3x3 Tiffen), ND6 Soft Grad (3x4 Tiffen) & Cir.Polar (82mm Tiffen)
Metered expo.:
Calculated expo.: 7,75 ev - 150 second
( I use my reciprocity compensation value chart to Polaroid Color Instant film)
Dev.: 120 sec. (20° C)
PICTURE MADE WITH :
Home-made assembled pinhole camera be composed of
few original photography equipments.
www.flickr.com/photos/jonespointfilm/2704150673/in/set-72...
Camera body (the base) : Polaroid 600se camera back spacer no.1
(from my Polaroid 600se camera set, made by Mamiya)
Film back : Instant pack film holder (made by Cambo)
Shutter : Polaroid MP4 (made by Compal)
Pinhole socket : Homemade (fit to filter holder)
Filter holder (82mm) : Homemade (fit to shutter)
Grip : I made it myself
Viewfinder : Door peeping (from OBI store) calibrated to the 3x4 format instant pack film size (I made it myself)
Cable releasers : Nikon
Matte Box : Old bellows style Arriflex 3X4 (from my Eclair s16 movie camera set)
Rods mount : Homemade
Rods : Homemade
Tripod & Head : Velbon
Quick release plates : Manfrotto
Focus : 55 mm
Pinhole : 0.3 mm (from Lenox laser)
Diaphragm : f183
Angular field (horiz) : 86°
Light falloff at the corners [f/stops] : 2,5
Resolution [lines/diagonal] : 799
Post work : (12-13.11.2010)
Scanner : Epson Perfection 3200 Photo (1200 dpi)
Scanner software : SilverFast SE
Final work : PS
Important note:
This images are copyright protected. No reproduction in any way,
no copies, no editing, no publishing, no screenshots, no posting,
no blogging, no transmitting downloading or uploading
without my written permission!
Thank you !
Thanks for looking !
Comments very much welcome !
Taken with a homemade 4x5 camera.
Shoot to expired 3x4 Polaroid Color instant film.
Color and soft focus manipulation with Tiffen lens filters.
Final work with PS.
AUTHOR : IMRE BECSI
I prepared this picture in this year's lightworkshop (FÉNYMŰHELY) photo camp.
Location of shoot :
Abod,
Hungary,
Central-Europe
Latitude - 48°23'40.61"N
Longitude - 20°47'28.93"E
Time of shoot :
31.05.2008.
PICTURE MADE WITH :
( Home-made assembled pinhole camera be composed of
few original photography equipments )
Camera body : IKEA plant pot
Film back : 450 (Pack film holder to 4x5 back)
Film back holder : Cambo Revolving Back Assembly
Grip : IKEA handle
Viewfinder : Mamiya 75 mm
Focus : 85 mm
Pinhole : 0.35 mm (from Lenox laser)
Diaphragm : 243
Shutter : Compal Polaroid MP4
Matte Box : Arriflex 3X4 (from my Eclair s16 movie camera set)
Tripod & Head : Velbon
Quick release plates : Manfrotto
Film : Polaroid 125i (Expired !)
Filter : Red Enhancing, Warm Soft FX 2, Wratten 85b ND6 (is all Tiffen)
Metered exposure : 15 EV (Minolta Light Meter III with diffusor)
Calculated exposure : 9 EV = 1 min and 55 sec.
( I use my reciprocity compensation value chart )
Dev. : 75 sec.
POST WORK : (02.06.2008.)
Scanner : Epson Perfection 3200 Photo (900 dpi)
Scanner software : SilverFast SE
Final work : PS
If interesting for you my other work please see my all pictures on one page :
www.flickrleech.net/user/jonespointfilm
Comments very much welcome !
Thanks for looking !
Two minute exposure with no reciprocity compensation
- Mamiya RB67 Pro SD with K/L 90mm f/3.5
- Fujichrome 64T Slide Film (Expired 1990)
- Home developed with Unicolor Rapid E-6
- Scanned with Epson V600 and Vuescan
18-Jan-2025 14:35
Rollei IR400 400 rated @ EI 200 (N-1)
Rated at IE=3 (N-1) for Infrared
Ebony 45SU
Schneider 110mm f/5.6 Super-Symmar XL
Stearman Press SP445 Tank
Pre-wash : None
Developed : Adox Rodinal 1+50 for 8½ mins @ 20C
2 x Water Stop Bath
Eco Zone Alkali Fix. Clearing time 2 minutes
Total Fix time doubled to 4 minutes
Wash for 10 mins in frequent water changes
Ilfotol final rinse (1ml in about 500ml)
Movements : None
Mid tone LV = 11½
Highlight = 16
Shadow = 9
Filters : Heliopan IR72
Final LV=11½
Reciprocity : 6 sec goes to 16
16 sec @ f22
30-Jan-2025 12:50
Ilford FP4+ 125 rated @ EI 50 (N-1⅓)
Ebony 45SU
Rodenstock 150mm f/5.6 Apo-Sironar-S
Stearman Press SP445 Tank
Pre-wash : None
Developed : Bergger PMK 1+2+100 for 9 mins @ 20C
2 x Water Stop Bath
Eco Zone Alkali Fix. Clearing time 2 minutes
Total Fix time doubled to 4 minutes
Wash for 10 mins in frequent water changes
Ilfotol final rinse (1ml in about 500ml)
Movements
Bed Tilt : 25 deg forward
Mid tone LV = 12
Highlight = 16
Shadow = 10
Filters : Orange (-2)
Final LV=10
Reciprocity : None
1 sec @ f22
The "new" Superia X-TRA 400 120 format color negative film is available in Japan and the UK. It is also imported to the USA through a handful of dealers. I purchaes a couple pro-packs to run through its viability as an astrophotography film. The data sheet looks good as its spectral sensitivity in both the desired red (Hydrogen-alpha) and blue. The spectral and reciprocity charts looks identical to the well regarded Superia 100.
A planned sequence of exposures begins tonight using the well known targets of Orion, Monoceros, and Gemini. If the film records as well as its 100 speed cousin, exposures of 30-60 minutes at f/4 should provide a good negative to scan with a wealth of detail and faint nebulosity. At less than $4.00 a roll it may also prove to be the cheapest color astro-film out there.
A new roll is seen here from the backside of the Pentax 67.
Results of film test here: nightflyphotography.blogspot.com/2012/04/film-test-fujico...
This album's name is dedicated to my favourite game of all time Elder Scrolls Online and race of all time, The Argonians (reptile humanoids). There's a story for you to read below about some of them towards the bottom.
What does Ku Vastei mean? Read below
By Lights-the-Way, Mystic of the Mages Guild
It is hard to describe the culture of my people. Often my tongue stumbles as I try to explain, but it is my hope that ink and quill will give me time enough to gather my thoughts. And perhaps, though such writing, I will finally connect the parts of me that now feel so divided; my homeland of Murkmire and my new life within the Mages Guild.
These journals are to become my ku-vastei. And, as I write that, I can think of no better topic to begin with.
Ku-vastei roughly translates to "the catalyst of needed change," though such a direct translation in no way does justice to the original meaning. Another translation could be "that which creates the needed pathway for change to occur" or even "the spark which ignites the flame which must come into being."
Perhaps a more direct analysis should be first presented. Ku-vastei is a noun, a thing or person. Vastei directly translates to change, an important part of my culture. Ku is harder to speak of. It is that which leads to change, though not that which creates change. An important role, as stagnation is a fate worse than death.
Take a boulder which sits atop a cliff, teetering in place. It must fall eventually. The ku-vastei does not push the boulder off the cliff; rather, it picks the pebble which holds the rock in place. And so it falls, not by a push, but by a pathway cleared.
Ku-vastei is revered, just as change itself is revered, for to look back at what was means to stumble as you move forward. Sometimes, a little push in the right direction is all someone needs to remember such wisdom. Other times, they may need to be shoved.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Naka Desh Tribe
by Emmanubeth Hurrent, the Wayfarers' Society of Wayrest
My guide, Names-the-Orchids, took me deep into the swamp to meet a little-known tribe called the Naka-Desh, or Riverbacks. Few Imperials venture far enough into Black Marsh to meet the People of the River, and the Naka-Desh see little benefit in traveling beyond the boundaries of their Hist's roots. For that reason, most perceive them as a secretive and mysterious tribe. This misconception is made all the more amusing by the Riverbacks' boundless hospitality.
We approached the Riverbacks' territory via ferry boats. Our expedition encountered tribal sentries almost immediately. They floated to the surface of the water like turtles or crocodiles. I was struck by the wideness of their faces, the largeness of their eyes, and the broad webs adorning their forearms and throats. The Hist clearly provided the "right skin" for the locale. Riverback territory is more water than land—a drowned marsh navigable by small rafts, canoes, and little else.
Names-the-Orchids greeted them with a series of low croaks. They cheerfully repeated the sound before lifting themselves onto our boat. Neither of the sentries seemed familiar with Cyrodilic, so our guide had to interpret. She told us that the Riverbacks demanded tribute in the form of a riddle before they would grant passage. I detected no threat behind the demand. It seemed like more of an invitation than an order. I've no talent for wordplay, but I shared a children's riddle about doorknobs that practically every Imperial knows. As soon as Names-the-Orchids translated it, the two sentries clapped their hands. One of them pressed his forehead to mine, croaked twice, then both vanished into the water as suddenly as they appeared.
We spent four days among the Riverbacks—all but one of them on rafts fishing. Riverback fishing resembles traditional fishing in name only. Rather than hook and line, the Naka-Desh use large river fish called osheeja gars. Each osheeja is secured by a strange harness and bridle. When the Argonians find an abundant fishing spot, they release the predatory gars and let them snatch up the fish. As soon as an osheeja bites a fish, the Argonians pull their pets to the side of the boat and claim the fish for themselves. I asked Names-the-Orchids how it works. Apparently, the bridle prevents the gar from swallowing. She assured me that the osheejas are well-cared for, though. Until they grow too old, of course, whereupon they too are eaten.
Our time with the Riverbacks was not without frustration. Of all the Argonians I have met, the Naka-Desh were by far the least curious. Other than riddles, they had no appetite for anything we brought. They refused our food, took no particular interest in our tales, and did not even ask for our names. This disinterest combined with their boundless hospitality made most of the expedition uncomfortable. Names-the-Orchids chided us for thinking kindness demands reciprocity. As always, even these small disappointments teach us valuable lessons.
["the tribe is not currently in the game but in the world of the game"]
This is an image of eight of the 16 redundant Horizontal Pressure Filters at the lower site of Tottiford Water Treatment Works in South Devon. The Horizontal Pressure Filters have been in daily use from 1936 until April 2012, the building and filters are now redundant due to some new rapid-gravity filters having been built on the Upper Site.
The image was taken on a Canham MQC 5x7 with a 72mm Super Angulon XL lens at f45 with a four minute exposure on Adox 25 film. The 4 minute exposure was due to the small aperture used, the Centre Filter for the &2mm XL (2 stops) and I allowed an additional stop from 2 minutes to 4 for reciprocity failure.
The film was processed in a 3006 Expert drum on a Jobo CPP2 using 500mls of Divided Pyrocat HD for 6 minutes for both Solution A & B at 24° Centigrade before being fixed with TF-3 Alkaline Fixer before being washed and dried.
I used the Pyrocat divided as I wanted to try to get some detail in the large semi-circle windows. I was pleasantly surprised by how much detail was brought out from the windows using this method.
The film was Wet Scanned at 2400 dpi on an Epson V750 Pro Scanner using the 'Better Scanning' film holder with Kami fluid and using Silverfast Ai Studio V8. I carried out some local exposure control, spotted, sharpened and toned the imnage using a combination of Adobe Photoshop CS6 and Nik Silver Efex Pro II.
Marshall's Beach near the Presidio. With the Golden Gate Bridge towards my back and the sun in front of me to the right of the frame.
Efke AURA INFRARED 820 - Xtol - (processed @ www.gammasf.com )
(Shot at 100ASA, Metered through the filter)
SEKONIC L-778 DUAL SPOT F METER
Tiffen 67mm INFRA-RED #87 FILTER
EV4 (+reciprocity compensation): 24sec @ f11
12mm upward shift. no tilt (the foreground is soft, I probably should have tilted back)
Hasselblad Flexbody w/120mm f5.6 Zeiss S-Planar T*
Epson PERFECTION V750-M PRO SCANNER
(20110402_EfkeIR820Aura_ExpSep2012_Emul101001_48166_010)
Today I wanted to play with still life and a macro lens. I've used a few matches that I've placed crossing the frame in diagonal. For lighting the frame I've played with something that I've readed on the web about illuminate with your tablet and/or celular phone. The main lightsource from the left has been the bright blank lcd screen of my tablet, then I've played with reciprocity for exposure.
Lyukkamera, Pinhole Camera, Appareil à sténopé , Cámara escura, Camera obscura, Estenopeica, Foro stenopeico, Hålkamera, Kамера опскура, Lochkamera, Otworek, Pinhole fotoğraf makinesi, Stenopeica, φωτογραφία, Пинхол Фотография
Author : © IMRE BECSI
© All rights reserved
Location of shoot :
Dunasziget,
Hungary,
Central-Europe
Time of shoot :
21.08.13.
Info of Shooting :
Film : Fuji FP-100C Color Instant
Format: 3.25 x 4.25 in. (8.5 x 10.8 cm) "Regular Size" pack film
Image Area: 2.88 x 3.75 in. (7.3 x 9.5 cm)
Filter : Wratten 85b & Soft Contrast No.2
Metered expo.: 11 Ev (tree)
(Metered with Minolta Spotmeter)
Calculated expo.: 10 Ev (7 min.)
Shooting : 390 second (III.zone)
(I use my reciprocity compensation value chart to Fuji Color Instant film)
Dev.: 90 sec. (25° C)
The camera :
Body is a Film Back Adapter Plate from a Polaroid 203 camera
- focus : 33 mm
- pinhole : 0,25 mm (Lenox Laser)
- diaphragm : 132
Film back from my Polaroid 600se camera.
Shutter and Pinhole holder is a "pu(s)h" from Dr. Kai Fuhrmann with filter thread (homemade).
Picture from the camera :
www.flickr.com/photos/jonespointfilm/2837193476/in/set-72...
The parameters of camera :
(when I use 95x73 mm format instant film)
- Angle of view : 120°
- Light falloff at the corners [f/stops] : 1,8
- Resolution [lines/diagonal] : 959
Post work : (18.-19.01.2014)
Scanner : Epson Perfection 3200 Photo (50x40 cm/480 dpi)
File Size : 257259 KB (TIF)
Pixel : 10509 X 8355
Scanner software : SilverFast SE
Final work : PS
Important note:
This images are copyright protected.
Use without permission is illegal!
No reproduction in any way,
no copies,
no editing,
no publishing,
no screenshots,
no posting,
no blogging,
no transmitting downloading
or uploading without my written permission!
Thank you !
Thanks for looking !
Comments very much welcome !
S-3F (6x17 curved-plane) No. 05.
f/256, Fl; 82mm, 0,32mm (Sténocaméra, Fr)
Homemade pinhole.
Photo location; St-Nicholas, Québec.
Negative Arista Edu ultra 200 ASA at 100 ASA.
8x10 sheet cut at 6 x 17 cm. Load one at a time.
Exposure Time; 1 minutes 09.
Yellow filter.
Reciprocity +. Official Data.
Development; D-76 1+3. -18% 12 minutes 30.
.The lighting challenges me in the woods of our park system. The shadows can be dense in sole areas. When it comes to reciprocity failure, Fomapan films have a long delay—around 15 minutes in this case. This always leaves me time to compose my next image.
Yashica Mat 124, Yashinon Wide Angle Lens Attachment + 55mm IR720 & CPL filters, Rollei Superpan 200
Metered ISO 6
Kodak XTOL 1+1, 9:30 mins @ 24C (14 mins @ 20C)
Not the best lighting for infrared but a good idea of this film's IR capabilities. Exposures 1 second or longer were doubled for reciprocity failure.
The wide angle attachment gives a vignette at the edges I quite like on B&W film but I don't think it would look quite as good on color film. Funny the OEM auxiliary lens is of such poor quality while the other aftermarket lenses I have produce no vignette and only minor distortion. Oh, Yashica.
I took advantage of the reciprocity between Desert Botanical Garden and San Diego Botanic Garden for member admission. It is a relatively young and somewhat small botanic garden. It does have a lot of interesting specimina, especially for me coming from the desert.
If you want to make sure you wake up to a hummingbird every morning, here is one solution. Hang a glass ornament outside your window. This looks like a ruby crystal glass hummingbird ornament.
300 Quail Gardens Drive (at Ecke Ranch Road), Encinitas, CA 92024
Welcome to our 37-acre urban oasis featuring 4 miles of meandering trails and ocean views, 5,000+ plant species and varieties, and 29 uniquely themed gardens that represent 15 different regions and many habitats of the world. Our natural wonderland is designed for children and adults, alike; explore your interests, learn about the plant world that surrounds us, and let nature fill you with a little wonder.
SDBG2024
Until my most recent tests with Bergger Pancro 400, there were few successful outings to Rock House in Hocking Hills. The location is as gorgeous as any other that Logan county and the edge of Appalachia has to offer, I'd never really given it the extra effort. One hazy afternoon late in January, however, I gave it such a try.
The lighting was flat as could be, with exposure times climbing into bad reciprocity territory. I slapped on one of my workhorse lenses, the Fujinon 250, and went to work.
Tachihara 8x10 Double Extension
Fujinon W 250mm f/6.7
30 sec. @ f/16ish + front rise
Ilford FP4+ @ ASA 64
Pyrocat HD 1:1.5:100
04-Dec-2024 12:35
Kodak Tri-X 400 @ EI 400
Kodak XTOL 1+1 : 9 mins @ 20C
Pre-Wash 5 mins
Inversions first 30 sec then 5 sec every 30 sec
Two water Stop Baths - 1 min each
Zero Image Eco Alkali Fixer
Clearing time 2½ mins. Total fix time 5 mins
Initial wash to remove fixer : 1 min
Washing : 10 mins with frequent water changes
Ilfotol : 1 ml in 800ml for 2 minutes
Bronica SQAi + 50mm
Highlight = 12
Shadow = 2
Midpoint = 4
Filters : None
Final LV=4
Reciprocity : 2 sec goes to 4 sec
4 sec @ f11
Perhaps I should be ashamed, says the back of my brain, as I reach out for reciprocity. Perhaps I should fall down, check myself in to the lost and found, stay there peacefully until claimed. Kick my heels, properly tagged, next to a small box of forgotten apples, two overdue library books, a rain ruined Klimpt print, and wait.
This part of my brain is obviously insane.
Instead, when I am nervous, I want them to be nervous too. I wish us to match like a pair of jittery, colourful addictions, ready to dribble words the way a cork pops from bottle of something bubbly, ballistic and driven, dangerous in the wrong hands. I want us to assume and feel unsafe doing so, to tinker, to rewrite boundaries like history and we're the last ones standing. I want to be saturated in it, that understanding, that shared, halting drive, the cartilage landscape of unknown territory. Feel the certainty of it swelling in my chest, devouring my entrenched dragons of well trained doubt, dispelling the honeymoon aura of dread, and trust where I stand enough to take root in the sediment we've accrued, tall as a birch, as practically imperishable as the same.
It's primitive how I find the discovery of shared fear to be soothing. It triggers something deeper than sleep, more important than the shape of bones under skin, like being able to see the basic geometry of need, the invisible pillars upon which we build our waking dreams. I am reassured instantly as somewhere in my genes a fatal desire to know is fed. Such moments are a gift for which I do not know how to say thank you. They remind me of fire escapes in the same way they represent a way down from a burning building to solid ground. Effective, quaint, and incredible.
Pinhole/Camera Obscura /Lensfree/Loch camera/Lensless / Without Lens/Sténope/Estenopeica/Lyukkamera
Author : IMRE BECSI
© All rights reserved
Location of shoot :
N-46°38'50.29"
E-16°34'29.45"
Bárhely,
Hungary,
Central-Europe
Time of shoot :
2011.03.14.
Info of Shooting :
Film : Fuji FP-100c 45 Color Instant (expired)
Filter : Tiffen Cir.Polar and Tiffen Orange
Metered expo.: 12,5 Ev
Calculated expo.: 7,75 Ev - 3 min.
( I use my reciprocity compensation value chart to Fuji Color Instant film)
Dev.: 180 sec. (15° C)
Picture made with Home-made assembled pinhole camera be composed of
few original photography equipments.
The Camera set info :
Camera body (the base) : Cambo 4x5 base
Filmholder : Cambo 4x5 rotating filmholder back (without focusing glass)
Film back : Instant pack film holder (550)
Shutter : Polaroid MP4 (made by Compal)
Pinhole socket : Homemade (fit to filter holder)
Filter holder (82mm) : Homemade (fit to shutter)
Viewfinder : Door peeping (from OBI store) calibrated to the 4x5 format instant pack film size (I made it myself)
Cable releasers : Nikon
Tripod & Head : Velbon
Quick release plates : Manfrotto
The Camera technical info :
Focus : 66 mm
Pinhole : 0.35 mm (from Lenox laser)
Diaphragm : f189
Angular field (horiz) : 96°27’51”
Light falloff at the corners [f/stops] :
Resolution [lines/diagonal] :
Post work : (30.03.2011)
Scanner : Epson Perfection 3200 Photo (1200 dpi)
Scanner software : SilverFast SE
Final work : PS/Tiff
Important note:
This images are copyright protected. No reproduction in any way,
no copies, no editing, no publishing, no screenshots, no posting,
no blogging, no transmitting downloading or uploading
without my written permission!
Thank you !
Thanks for looking !
Comments very much welcome !
Taken : 19:15 30-Aug-2017
Ebony 45SU + Rodenstock Sironar 150 S f 5.6
Bed Tilt : 5 deg forward
Front Shift : 1cm up
Back Tilt : 5 deg back
Mid Tone : 11 - RHS FG grass
Highlight : 14 - castle
Shadows : 10 1/3 - deepest shadow
Clouds : 13
Grass in sun : 13 1/3
Filters
1.5 stop HG sky and sunny area
Reciprocity : none
Final EV : 4 1/3
Exposure
1 sec @ f32
10-Jun-2024 15:50
Ilford FP4+ rated @ EI 100
Kodak XTOL 1+1 : 9 mins 30 sec @ 20C
Pre-Wash 5 mins
Inversions first 30 sec then two every 30 mins
Two water Stop Baths - 1 min each
John Finch Alkali Fixer (1+4)
Clearing time 2 mins. Total fix time 4 mins
Initial wash to remove fixer : 1 min
Washing : 10 mins with frequent water changes
Ilfotol : 1 ml in 600ml for 2 minutes
Bronica SQAi + 80mm
Highlight = 15
Shadow = 8
Midpoint = 10
Filters : Orange (-2)
Final LV=8
Reciprocity 2 sec goes to 4 sec
4 sec @ f22
the myth of ur, ananke explains,
for necessity is not to be enjoyed.
but if we swim under her throne,
we might enjoy in dribs and drabs,
make a story of it, and, maybe, maybe
remember a shred of it, the nasty bits
recede and the exertions
almost become the muscles of
the small-celled animals
who cherish the promise
of almost anything, starting with survival,
the three squares for the rest of us.
23-Jan-2025 12:50
Kodak TMax 400 rated @ EI 400 (N)
Zero Image 5x4 Pinhole
50mm focal length (2 sections)
0.28mm pinhole
Stearman Press SP445 Tank
Pre-wash : None
Developed : Pyrocat HD 1+1+100 for 15 mins @ 20C
2 x Water Stop Bath
Eco Zone Alkali Fix. Clearing time 3 minutes
Total Fix time doubled to 6 minutes
Wash for 10 mins in frequent water changes
Ilfotol final rinse (1ml in about 500ml)
Filters : None
Reciprocity : 8 sec goes to 15
15 sec @ f176
Bending Light #32
Continuing the series of light refraction patterns through glass objects.
This one, at least to me, looks like people in long cloaks swirling round; but you may have other views. :-)
I like this photo. There is some unresolved reciprocity in it.
Photographing people allways entails a rather specific, too narrow judgement of the subject (that is, even more than usual). And this is certainly somehow felt by the subject, especially when the photographer is a foreigner.
Since they didn't explicitly disapprove or approve me making photos, I slowly approached taking another photo every few steps.
Yet they returned an evident judging of me or my behaviour in their gaze, which was frozen all the time.
(Usually I respect disapproval, and usually approval destroys the photo, so I am used to take my photos quickly).
I left just like that. However, after passing I had to wonder about this wordless encounter with the unknown (all but faceless) - so I felt I should at least return and attempt some conversation. But they had left just like that, disappeared in the medina hamra (the red city).
Marrakech, Morocco.
P.S. What can a complete stranger in Marrakech know about the people he sees on the streets ("die Gesichten von Marrakech", to combine Levinas and Canneti). I sensed an enormous social diversity, reminding of India, yet a fluid diversity unlike in India. Is the left person one of the few remaining Jews? Does the yellow dress say anything (to a cultural insider) about the right person?
Lyukkamera, Pinhole Camera, Appareil à sténopé , Cámara escura, Camera obscura, Estenopeica, Foro stenopeico, Hålkamera, Kамера опскура, Lochkamera, Otworek, Pinhole fotoğraf makinesi, Stenopeica, φωτογραφία, Пинхол Фотография
Author : © IMRE BECSI
© All rights reserved
Location of shoot :
Szentendre,
Hungary,
Central-Europe
Time of shoot :
03.04.14.
Info of Shooting :
Film : Fuji FP-100C Color Instant
Format: 3.25 x 4.25 in. (8.5 x 10.8 cm) "Regular Size" pack film
Image Area: 2.88 x 3.75 in. (7.3 x 9.5 cm)
Filter : Wratten 85b & Polar (Tiffen)
Metered expo.: 10,75 ev (green grass)
(Metered with Minolta Spotmeter)
Calculated expo.: 11,5 Ev
Shooting : 90 second (III.zone)
(I use my reciprocity compensation value chart to Fuji Color Instant film)
Dev.: 120 sec. (22° C)
The camera :
Body is a Film Back Adapter Plate from a Polaroid 203 camera
- focus : 33 mm
- pinhole : 0,25 mm (Lenox Laser)
- diaphragm : 132
Film back from my Polaroid 600se camera.
Shutter and Pinhole holder is a "pu(s)h" from Dr. Kai Fuhrmann with filter thread (homemade).
Picture from the camera :
www.flickr.com/photos/jonespointfilm/2837193476/in/set-72...
The parameters of camera :
(when I use 95x73 mm format instant film)
- Angle of view : 120°
- Light falloff at the corners [f/stops] : 1,8
- Resolution [lines/diagonal] : 959
Post work : (10.-11.04.2014)
Scanner : Epson Perfection 3200 Photo (50x40 cm/400 dpi)
File Size : 168744 KB (TIF)
Pixel : 8504 X 6772
Scanner software : SilverFast SE
Final work : PS
Important note:
This images are copyright protected.
Use without permission is illegal!
No reproduction in any way,
no copies,
no editing,
no publishing,
no screenshots,
no posting,
no blogging,
no transmitting downloading
or uploading without my written permission!
Thank you !
Thanks for looking !
Comments very much welcome !
Horseman SWD
+ Rodenstock 35mm Apo Grandagon
+ P45+ back
4min at f11 iso50
good bye reciprocity failure =D
hello long exposure noise reduction =(
25-Jan-2024 14@:27
Rollei RPX25 rated @ EI 25
Developed in HC110 Dilution H (1+39) for 7 mins @ 20C
Pre-Wash : 3 mins
Inversions for first 30 sec
Two Inversions every 30 sec
Two water Stop Baths of 1 min
Ilford Rapid Fixer (1+4) : cleared in less than 1 minute
Fix time total : 2 Minutes
Initial Rinse to remove fixer : 1 minute
Inversion washes for 10 minutes, multiple water changes
Ilford Surfactant : 2 mins
Bronica SQAi + 50mm
Highlight = 14
Shadow = 9
Midpoint = 11
Filters : None
Reciprocity : None
Final LV=11
1/2 sec @ f16
The grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), also known as the Congo grey parrot, Congo African grey parrot or African grey parrot, is an Old World parrot in the family Psittacidae. The Timneh parrot (Psittacus timneh) once was identified as a subspecies of the grey parrot, but has since been elevated to a full species.
Taxonomy
The grey parrot was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other parrots in the genus Psittacus and coined the binomial name Psittacus erithacus. Linnaeus erroneously specified the type locality as "Guinea": the locality was later designated as Ghana in West Africa. The genus name is Latin for "parrot". The specific epithet erithacus is Latin and is derived from the Ancient Greek εριθακος (erithakos) for an unknown bird that was said to mimic human sounds, perhaps the black redstart. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
The Timneh parrot was formerly treated as a subspecies of the grey parrot but is now considered to be a separate species based mainly on the results from a genetic and morphological study published in 2007. Although Linnaeus placed all the parrots known to him in the genus Psittacus, only the grey parrot and the Timneh parrot are now assigned to this genus.
Description
The grey parrot is a medium-sized, predominantly grey, black-billed parrot. Its typical weight is 400 g (14 oz), with an approximate length of 33 cm (13 in), and a wingspan of 46–52 cm (18–20+1⁄2 in). The grey colour on the head and wings is generally darker than its body. The head and body feathers have slight white edges. The tail feathers are red.
Due to selection by parrot breeders, some grey parrots are partly or completely red. Both sexes appear similar. The colouration of juveniles is similar to that of adults, but typically their eyes are dark grey to black, in comparison to the yellow irises around dark pupils of the adult birds, and their undertail coverts are tinged with grey. Adults weigh 418–526 g (14+3⁄4–18+1⁄2 oz).
Grey parrots may live for 40–60 years in captivity, although their mean lifespan in the wild appears to be shorter—approximately 23 years. They start breeding at an age of 3–5 years and lay 3-5 eggs per brood.
Distribution and habitat
The grey parrot is native to equatorial Africa, including Angola, Cameroon, the Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda. The species is found inside a range from Kenya to the eastern part of the Ivory Coast. Current estimates for the global population are uncertain and range from 630,000 to 13 million birds. Populations are decreasing worldwide. The species seems to favor dense forests, but can also be found at forest edges and in more open vegetation types, such as gallery and savanna forests.
A population study published in 2015 found that the species had been "virtually eliminated" from Ghana with numbers declining 90 to 99% since 1992. They were found in only 10 of 42 forested areas, and three roosts that once held 700–1200 birds each, now had only 18 in total. Local people mainly blamed the pet trade and the felling of timber for the decline. Populations are thought to be stable in Cameroon. In the Congo, an estimated 15,000 are taken every year for the pet trade, from the eastern part of the country, although the annual quota is stated to be 5,000.
Grey parrots have escaped or been deliberately released into Florida, U.S., but no evidence indicates that the population is breeding naturally.
Behaviour and ecology in the wild
Little is known about the behaviour and activities of these birds in the wild. In addition to a lack of research funding, it can be particularly difficult to study these birds in wild situations due to their status as prey animals, which leads them to have rather secretive personalities. It has been shown that wild greys may also imitate a wide variety of sounds they hear, much like their captive relatives. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, two greys sound-recorded while roosting reportedly had a repertoire of over 200 different calls, including nine imitations of other wild bird songs and one of a bat.
Feeding
Grey parrots are mainly frugivorous, with most of their diet consisting of fruit, nuts, and seeds, including oil palm fruit. They sometimes also eat flowers and tree bark, as well as insects and snails. In the wild, the grey parrot is partly a ground feeder.
Breeding
Grey parrots are monogamous breeders who nest in tree cavities. Each mated pair of parrots needs their own tree for their nest. The hen lays three to five eggs, which she incubates for 30 days while being fed by her mate. The adults defend their nesting sites.
Grey parrot chicks require feeding and care from their parents in the nest. The parents take care of them until 4–5 weeks after they are fledged. Young leave the nest at the age of 12 weeks. Little is known about the courtship behaviour of this species in the wild.[9] They weigh 12–14 g (7⁄16–1⁄2 oz) at hatching and 372–526 g (13+1⁄8–18+1⁄2 oz) when they leave their parents.
Conservation
Natural predators for this species include palm-nut vultures and several raptors. Monkeys target eggs and the young for food.
Humans are by far the largest threat to wild grey populations. Between 1994 and 2003, more than 359,000 grey parrots were traded on the international market. Approximately 21% of the wild population was being harvested every year. Mortality rates are extremely high between the time they are captured and they reach the market, ranging from 60 to 66%. This species also is hunted for its meat and for its body parts, which are used in traditional medicines. As a result of the extensive harvest of wild birds, in addition to habitat loss, this species is believed to be undergoing a rapid decline in the wild and therefore, has been rated as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
In October 2016, the Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Fauna and Flora (CITES) extended the highest level of protection to grey parrots by listing the species under Appendix 1, which regulates international trade in the species.
In 2021, the Kenyan government held a short amnesty, during which grey parrot owners could pay a fee to obtain a permit for their birds and facilitate legal ownership. Following the expiry of this time period, it is now illegal to own this species without a permit.
In captivity
The species is common in captivity and regularly kept by humans as a companion parrot, prized for its ability to mimic human speech, which makes it one of the most popular avian pets. An escaped pet in Japan was returned to his owner after repeating the owner's name and address.
Grey parrots are notorious for mimicking noises heard in their environment and using them tirelessly. They are highly intelligent birds, needing extensive behavioral and social enrichment as well as extensive attention in captivity or else they may become distressed. Feather plucking is a common symptom seen among such distressed grey parrots, affecting up to 40% of captive individuals. They may also be prone to behavioural problems due to their sensitive nature. Social isolation hastens stress and aging.
The grey parrot is a highly social species which relies on a flock-type structure, even when raised in captivity. Because they are so dependent on the other birds within their flock, much of their speech and vocal ability is acquired through interaction with the humans with whom they reside. Both wild and captive parrots have been shown to use contact calls, which allow them to interact with their flock mates and communicate information about their location, detection of predators, availability of food, and safety status. In addition, contact calls are used to form strong social bonds with their flock mates, or in the case of captive greys, with their human housemates. In captivity, they have been shown to display communicative competence, meaning they not only use human language correctly, but also in such a way that is appropriate for the social situation which they are in.
Diet
In captivity, they may be fed bird pellets, a variety of fruits such as pear, orange, pomegranate, apple, and banana, and vegetables such as carrot, cooked sweet potato, celery, fresh kale, peas, and green beans. They also need a source of calcium.
Disease
Grey parrots in captivity have been observed to be susceptible to fungal infections, bacterial infections, nutritional insufficiency, malignant tumors, psittacine beak and feather disease, tapeworms, and blood-worms. Young grey parrots are more commonly infected by psittacine beak and feather disease than adults. Infected birds show symptoms such as loss of appetite, fluffy feathers, sluggishness, and reduced walking abilities due to brittle bones.
Grey parrots are more likely to have rhinitis,[clarification needed] an inflammatory and infectious disease of the nasal cavity. Birds may exhibit signs like wheezing, sneezing, nasal snuffling, and swelling or occlusion of the nares. Treatment options include gentle debridement and nasal irrigation.
Intelligence and cognition
Grey parrots are highly intelligent and are considered by many to be one of the most intelligent species of psittacines. Many individuals have been shown to perform at the cognitive level of a four- to six-year-old human child in some tasks. Several studies have been conducted, indicating a suite of higher-level cognitive abilities. Experiments have shown that grey parrots can learn number sequences and can learn to associate human voices with the faces of the humans who create them. It has been reported that grey parrots are capable of using existing known English words to create new labels for objects when the bird does not know the name of the object. For example "banerry" ("banana" + "cherry") for "apple", "banana crackers" for "dried banana chips" or "yummy bread" for "cake".
The American scientist Irene Pepperberg's research with Alex the parrot showed his ability to learn more than 100 words, differentiating between objects, colours, materials and shapes. Pepperberg spent several decades working with Alex, and wrote numerous scientific papers on experiments performed, indicating his advanced cognitive abilities. One such study found that Alex had the ability to add numbers as well as having a zero-like concept, similar to that of young children and apes.
In addition to their striking cognitive abilities, grey parrots have displayed altruistic behavior and concern for others. Researchers found that while blue-headed macaws were unlikely to share a nut with other members of their own species, grey parrots would actively give their conspecific partner a nut, even if it meant that they would not be able to get one themselves. When the roles were reversed, their partners were overwhelmingly likely to return the favor, foregoing their own nut to their partner's benefits. This indicates not only a display of selflessness but also an act of reciprocity.
A 2012 study demonstrated that captive grey parrots have individual musical preferences. When presented with the opportunity to choose between two different pieces of music via a touch screen monitor located in their cage, the two birds in the test consistently chose different songs, to which they then danced and sang along. Some pet grey parrots have also been observed using the music feature of smart speakers (such as Alexa or Amazon Echo) to verbally request playback of specific favored songs.
Some research has shown that foot preference can be linked to the number of words a particular parrot may know and use. Researchers found that grey parrots who prefer to use their right foot showed a marked increase in the number of words within their lexicon as compared to parrots who were left-footed. Scientists postulate that parrots may have lateralization of brain function, much like mammals do.
In two murder trials, one in 1993 and another in 2017, there was consideration to use the deceased victim's pet grey parrot's "testimony" as evidence due to the pet parrot's witnessing and repeating the victim's last words. In the 1993 murder trial of Gary Joseph Rasp, the defendant was accused of murdering Jane Gill. Public defender Charles Ogulnik wanted to use Jane's pet grey parrot Max as evidence to prove Gary's innocence due to Max repeating Jane's last words "Richard, no, no, no!". In the 2017 murder trial of Glenna Duram, the defendant is accused of murdering her husband Martin Duram. The prosecutor was exploring the possibility of using the couple's pet parrot Bud as evidence when Bud kept repeating Martin's last words "Don't fucking shoot."
Mutations
Grey mutations occur naturally in the wild, such as the Blue Ino (albino), the Incomplete Ino, and the Blue varietals. The Blue Ino is all white. The Incomplete Ino has light pigmentation. The Blue has a white tail.
Breeders from South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Scandinavia have bred greys intensively since the 1800s. These bred varieties include the Red Pied, F2 Pied, Grizzles, Ino, Incomplete, Parino, Lutino, Cinnamon, and Red Factor. South African bird breeder Von van Antwerpen and New Zealand partner Jaco Bosman selected F2 Pieds and created the first Red Factor Greys. They are rare, may be predominantly red-pigmented, and vary in price depending upon the extent of the red plumage displayed.
History
The domestication of grey parrots has a history dating to 2000 B.C., depicting native birds in Egyptian hieroglyphics as pets. They were used for values by the Greeks and the Romans who kept them in birdcages. The grey parrots, due to recent years of illegal trading, have been classified as Endangered in 2016 by the IUCN Red List.
A shot of the Embarcadero in San Francisco taken from the end of Pier 14, which is for pedestrians. This shot is towards the south end of the Embarcadero, while the next shot in my photostream is towards the north. While it was shot with a 6x6, I have cropped it from the original square format for composition and it looks great on black, so go ahead and click on it!
Camera: Mamiya C220f
Lens: Mamiya-Sekor 55mm f/4.5 w/Seiko #0 Shutter
Exposure: 40 Seconds @f/11 and metered with Gossen LunaSix 3 w/7.5 degree attachment with adjustment in exposure time for reciprocity failure characteristics of the film
Film: Kodak Ektachrome 100G Professional
Tripod: Benro A-169 w/B-0 ball head
Scanner: Epson V750-M Pro
This image is © Douglas Bawden Photography, please do not use without prior permission.
Enjoy my photos and please feel free to comment. The only thing that I ask is no large, flashy graphics in the comments.
Pinhole Photography
(Camera Obscura /Lensfree/Loch camera/Lensless / Without Lens/Sténope/Estenopeica/Lyuk-kamera)
Author : © IMRE BECSI
© All rights reserved
Location of shoot :
Perbál,
Hungary,
Europe
Time of shoot :
08.10..2011.
Info of Shooting :
Film : Polaroid 125i Color Instant (expired)
Format: 3.25 x 4.25 in. (8.5 x 10.8 cm) "Regular Size" pack film
Image Area: 2.88 x 3.75 in. (7.3 x 9.5 cm)
Filter . Cir.Polar + W85B (Tiffen 4 1/2 round)
Metered expo.: 12 EV - on the white stone (metered with Minolta Spotmeter)
Calculated expo.: 9 EV = 38 sec.
Shooting : 120 sec (9 EV = 38 sec. X 3 = 114 sec)
( I use my reciprocity compensation value chart to Polaroid Color Instant film)
Dev.: 240 sec. (10° C)
The camera :
Body is a Film Back Adapter Plate from a Polaroid 203 camera
- focus : 33 mm
- pinhole : 0,25 mm (Lenox Laser)
- diaphragm : 132
Film back from my Polaroid 600se camera.
Shutter and Pinhole holder is a "pu(s)h" from Dr. Kai Fuhrmann with filter thread (homemade).
Picture from the camera :
www.flickr.com/photos/jonespointfilm/2837193476/in/set-72...
The parameters of camera :
(when I use 95x73 mm format instant film)
- Angle of view : 119°24'26"
- Light falloff at the corners [f/stops] : 3,6
- Resolution [lines/diagonal] : 887
Post work : (09.12.2011)
Scanner : Epson Perfection 3200 Photo (1200 dpi)
File Size : 58,8 mb - 5073X4048 pixel (the original TIF file)
Scanner software : SilverFast SE
Final work : PS
Important note:
This images are copyright protected.
Use without permission is illegal!
No reproduction in any way,
no copies,
no editing,
no publishing,
no screenshots,
no posting,
no blogging,
no transmitting downloading
or uploading without my written permission!
Thank you !
Thanks for looking !
Comments very much welcome !
Pentax 645
65mm F22 15 Sec ND110 10 stop filter. (I don't believe in reciprocity failure.)
Ilford PanF
Developed Ilfosol 3
© All Rights Reserved - Erik Symes Photography
A children's book written and illustrated by Shel Silverstein.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Giving_Tree
Many years later the boy, now an old man, returns and the tree says "I have nothing left to give you". The boy replies that all he needs is a quiet place to sit and rest as he awaits death. The tree happily obliges.
Timothy Jackson, a professor of Religious Studies at Stanford University:
“ Is this a sad tale? Well, it is sad in the same way that life is sad. We are all needy, and, if we are lucky and any good, we grow old using others and getting used up. Tears fall in our lives like leaves from a tree. Our finitude is not something to be regretted or despised, however; it is what makes giving (and receiving) possible. The more you blame the boy, the more you have to fault human existence. The more you blame the tree, the more you have to fault the very idea of parenting. Should the tree's giving be contingent on the boy's gratitude? If it were, if fathers and mothers waited on reciprocity before caring for their young, then we would all be doomed."
Lyukkamera, Pinhole Camera, Appareil à sténopé , Cámara escura, Camera obscura, Estenopeica, Foro stenopeico, Hålkamera, Kамера опскура, Lochkamera, Otworek, Pinhole fotoğraf makinesi, Stenopeica, φωτογραφία, Пинхол Фотография
Author : © IMRE BECSI
© All rights reserved
Location of shoot :
Csobánka,
Hungary,
Europe
Time of shoot :
08.09.12.
Info of Shooting :
Film : Fuji FP-100C Color Instant (expired)
Format: 3.25 x 4.25 in. (8.5 x 10.8 cm) "Regular Size" pack film
Image Area: 2.88 x 3.75 in. (7.3 x 9.5 cm)
Filter : Wratten 85b (Tiffen 4,5 round) & Fog 1/2 (Tiffen S9 round)
Metered expo.: 10 Ev (green tree leaf)
(Metered with Minolta Spotmeter)
Calculated expo.: 9 Ev - 38 second
Shooting : 9 x 38 = 342 second
(I use my reciprocity compensation value chart to Fuji Color Instant film)
Dev.: 120 sec. (25° C)
The camera :
Body is a Film Back Adapter Plate from a Polaroid 203 camera
- focus : 33 mm
- pinhole : 0,25 mm (Lenox Laser)
- diaphragm : 132
Film back from my Polaroid 600se camera.
Shutter and Pinhole holder is a "pu(s)h" from Dr. Kai Fuhrmann with filter thread (homemade).
Picture from the camera :
www.flickr.com/photos/jonespointfilm/2837193476/in/set-72...
The parameters of camera :
(when I use 95x73 mm format instant film)
- Angle of view : 90°
- Light falloff at the corners [f/stops] : 1,8
- Resolution [lines/diagonal] : 959
Post work : (11-12.10.2012)
Scanner : Epson Perfection 3200 Photo (400 dpi)
File Size : MB (TIF)
Pixel :
Scanner software : SilverFast SE
Final work : PS
Important note:
This images are copyright protected.
Use without permission is illegal!
No reproduction in any way,
no copies,
no editing,
no publishing,
no screenshots,
no posting,
no blogging,
no transmitting downloading
or uploading without my written permission!
Thank you !
Thanks for looking !
Comments very much welcome !
The grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), also known as the Congo grey parrot, Congo African grey parrot or African grey parrot, is an Old World parrot in the family Psittacidae. The Timneh parrot (Psittacus timneh) once was identified as a subspecies of the grey parrot, but has since been elevated to a full species.
Taxonomy
The grey parrot was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other parrots in the genus Psittacus and coined the binomial name Psittacus erithacus. Linnaeus erroneously specified the type locality as "Guinea": the locality was later designated as Ghana in West Africa. The genus name is Latin for "parrot". The specific epithet erithacus is Latin and is derived from the Ancient Greek εριθακος (erithakos) for an unknown bird that was said to mimic human sounds, perhaps the black redstart. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
The Timneh parrot was formerly treated as a subspecies of the grey parrot but is now considered to be a separate species based mainly on the results from a genetic and morphological study published in 2007. Although Linnaeus placed all the parrots known to him in the genus Psittacus, only the grey parrot and the Timneh parrot are now assigned to this genus.
Description
The grey parrot is a medium-sized, predominantly grey, black-billed parrot. Its typical weight is 400 g (14 oz), with an approximate length of 33 cm (13 in), and a wingspan of 46–52 cm (18–20+1⁄2 in). The grey colour on the head and wings is generally darker than its body. The head and body feathers have slight white edges. The tail feathers are red.
Due to selection by parrot breeders, some grey parrots are partly or completely red. Both sexes appear similar. The colouration of juveniles is similar to that of adults, but typically their eyes are dark grey to black, in comparison to the yellow irises around dark pupils of the adult birds, and their undertail coverts are tinged with grey. Adults weigh 418–526 g (14+3⁄4–18+1⁄2 oz).
Grey parrots may live for 40–60 years in captivity, although their mean lifespan in the wild appears to be shorter—approximately 23 years. They start breeding at an age of 3–5 years and lay 3-5 eggs per brood.
Distribution and habitat
The grey parrot is native to equatorial Africa, including Angola, Cameroon, the Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda. The species is found inside a range from Kenya to the eastern part of the Ivory Coast. Current estimates for the global population are uncertain and range from 630,000 to 13 million birds. Populations are decreasing worldwide. The species seems to favor dense forests, but can also be found at forest edges and in more open vegetation types, such as gallery and savanna forests.
A population study published in 2015 found that the species had been "virtually eliminated" from Ghana with numbers declining 90 to 99% since 1992. They were found in only 10 of 42 forested areas, and three roosts that once held 700–1200 birds each, now had only 18 in total. Local people mainly blamed the pet trade and the felling of timber for the decline. Populations are thought to be stable in Cameroon. In the Congo, an estimated 15,000 are taken every year for the pet trade, from the eastern part of the country, although the annual quota is stated to be 5,000.
Grey parrots have escaped or been deliberately released into Florida, U.S., but no evidence indicates that the population is breeding naturally.
Behaviour and ecology in the wild
Little is known about the behaviour and activities of these birds in the wild. In addition to a lack of research funding, it can be particularly difficult to study these birds in wild situations due to their status as prey animals, which leads them to have rather secretive personalities. It has been shown that wild greys may also imitate a wide variety of sounds they hear, much like their captive relatives. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, two greys sound-recorded while roosting reportedly had a repertoire of over 200 different calls, including nine imitations of other wild bird songs and one of a bat.
Feeding
Grey parrots are mainly frugivorous, with most of their diet consisting of fruit, nuts, and seeds, including oil palm fruit. They sometimes also eat flowers and tree bark, as well as insects and snails. In the wild, the grey parrot is partly a ground feeder.
Breeding
Grey parrots are monogamous breeders who nest in tree cavities. Each mated pair of parrots needs their own tree for their nest. The hen lays three to five eggs, which she incubates for 30 days while being fed by her mate. The adults defend their nesting sites.
Grey parrot chicks require feeding and care from their parents in the nest. The parents take care of them until 4–5 weeks after they are fledged. Young leave the nest at the age of 12 weeks. Little is known about the courtship behaviour of this species in the wild.[9] They weigh 12–14 g (7⁄16–1⁄2 oz) at hatching and 372–526 g (13+1⁄8–18+1⁄2 oz) when they leave their parents.
Conservation
Natural predators for this species include palm-nut vultures and several raptors. Monkeys target eggs and the young for food.
Humans are by far the largest threat to wild grey populations. Between 1994 and 2003, more than 359,000 grey parrots were traded on the international market. Approximately 21% of the wild population was being harvested every year. Mortality rates are extremely high between the time they are captured and they reach the market, ranging from 60 to 66%. This species also is hunted for its meat and for its body parts, which are used in traditional medicines. As a result of the extensive harvest of wild birds, in addition to habitat loss, this species is believed to be undergoing a rapid decline in the wild and therefore, has been rated as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
In October 2016, the Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Fauna and Flora (CITES) extended the highest level of protection to grey parrots by listing the species under Appendix 1, which regulates international trade in the species.
In 2021, the Kenyan government held a short amnesty, during which grey parrot owners could pay a fee to obtain a permit for their birds and facilitate legal ownership. Following the expiry of this time period, it is now illegal to own this species without a permit.
In captivity
The species is common in captivity and regularly kept by humans as a companion parrot, prized for its ability to mimic human speech, which makes it one of the most popular avian pets. An escaped pet in Japan was returned to his owner after repeating the owner's name and address.
Grey parrots are notorious for mimicking noises heard in their environment and using them tirelessly. They are highly intelligent birds, needing extensive behavioral and social enrichment as well as extensive attention in captivity or else they may become distressed. Feather plucking is a common symptom seen among such distressed grey parrots, affecting up to 40% of captive individuals. They may also be prone to behavioural problems due to their sensitive nature. Social isolation hastens stress and aging.
The grey parrot is a highly social species which relies on a flock-type structure, even when raised in captivity. Because they are so dependent on the other birds within their flock, much of their speech and vocal ability is acquired through interaction with the humans with whom they reside. Both wild and captive parrots have been shown to use contact calls, which allow them to interact with their flock mates and communicate information about their location, detection of predators, availability of food, and safety status. In addition, contact calls are used to form strong social bonds with their flock mates, or in the case of captive greys, with their human housemates. In captivity, they have been shown to display communicative competence, meaning they not only use human language correctly, but also in such a way that is appropriate for the social situation which they are in.
Diet
In captivity, they may be fed bird pellets, a variety of fruits such as pear, orange, pomegranate, apple, and banana, and vegetables such as carrot, cooked sweet potato, celery, fresh kale, peas, and green beans. They also need a source of calcium.
Disease
Grey parrots in captivity have been observed to be susceptible to fungal infections, bacterial infections, nutritional insufficiency, malignant tumors, psittacine beak and feather disease, tapeworms, and blood-worms. Young grey parrots are more commonly infected by psittacine beak and feather disease than adults. Infected birds show symptoms such as loss of appetite, fluffy feathers, sluggishness, and reduced walking abilities due to brittle bones.
Grey parrots are more likely to have rhinitis,[clarification needed] an inflammatory and infectious disease of the nasal cavity. Birds may exhibit signs like wheezing, sneezing, nasal snuffling, and swelling or occlusion of the nares. Treatment options include gentle debridement and nasal irrigation.
Intelligence and cognition
Grey parrots are highly intelligent and are considered by many to be one of the most intelligent species of psittacines. Many individuals have been shown to perform at the cognitive level of a four- to six-year-old human child in some tasks. Several studies have been conducted, indicating a suite of higher-level cognitive abilities. Experiments have shown that grey parrots can learn number sequences and can learn to associate human voices with the faces of the humans who create them. It has been reported that grey parrots are capable of using existing known English words to create new labels for objects when the bird does not know the name of the object. For example "banerry" ("banana" + "cherry") for "apple", "banana crackers" for "dried banana chips" or "yummy bread" for "cake".
The American scientist Irene Pepperberg's research with Alex the parrot showed his ability to learn more than 100 words, differentiating between objects, colours, materials and shapes. Pepperberg spent several decades working with Alex, and wrote numerous scientific papers on experiments performed, indicating his advanced cognitive abilities. One such study found that Alex had the ability to add numbers as well as having a zero-like concept, similar to that of young children and apes.
In addition to their striking cognitive abilities, grey parrots have displayed altruistic behavior and concern for others. Researchers found that while blue-headed macaws were unlikely to share a nut with other members of their own species, grey parrots would actively give their conspecific partner a nut, even if it meant that they would not be able to get one themselves. When the roles were reversed, their partners were overwhelmingly likely to return the favor, foregoing their own nut to their partner's benefits. This indicates not only a display of selflessness but also an act of reciprocity.
A 2012 study demonstrated that captive grey parrots have individual musical preferences. When presented with the opportunity to choose between two different pieces of music via a touch screen monitor located in their cage, the two birds in the test consistently chose different songs, to which they then danced and sang along. Some pet grey parrots have also been observed using the music feature of smart speakers (such as Alexa or Amazon Echo) to verbally request playback of specific favored songs.
Some research has shown that foot preference can be linked to the number of words a particular parrot may know and use. Researchers found that grey parrots who prefer to use their right foot showed a marked increase in the number of words within their lexicon as compared to parrots who were left-footed. Scientists postulate that parrots may have lateralization of brain function, much like mammals do.
In two murder trials, one in 1993 and another in 2017, there was consideration to use the deceased victim's pet grey parrot's "testimony" as evidence due to the pet parrot's witnessing and repeating the victim's last words. In the 1993 murder trial of Gary Joseph Rasp, the defendant was accused of murdering Jane Gill. Public defender Charles Ogulnik wanted to use Jane's pet grey parrot Max as evidence to prove Gary's innocence due to Max repeating Jane's last words "Richard, no, no, no!". In the 2017 murder trial of Glenna Duram, the defendant is accused of murdering her husband Martin Duram. The prosecutor was exploring the possibility of using the couple's pet parrot Bud as evidence when Bud kept repeating Martin's last words "Don't fucking shoot."
Mutations
Grey mutations occur naturally in the wild, such as the Blue Ino (albino), the Incomplete Ino, and the Blue varietals. The Blue Ino is all white. The Incomplete Ino has light pigmentation. The Blue has a white tail.
Breeders from South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Scandinavia have bred greys intensively since the 1800s. These bred varieties include the Red Pied, F2 Pied, Grizzles, Ino, Incomplete, Parino, Lutino, Cinnamon, and Red Factor. South African bird breeder Von van Antwerpen and New Zealand partner Jaco Bosman selected F2 Pieds and created the first Red Factor Greys. They are rare, may be predominantly red-pigmented, and vary in price depending upon the extent of the red plumage displayed.
History
The domestication of grey parrots has a history dating to 2000 B.C., depicting native birds in Egyptian hieroglyphics as pets. They were used for values by the Greeks and the Romans who kept them in birdcages. The grey parrots, due to recent years of illegal trading, have been classified as Endangered in 2016 by the IUCN Red List.
06-Jan-2023 13:25 - Rollei RPX25 @ EI 25
3 min pre wash
Developed in Rodinal R09 1+50
11 mins (N) @ 20C
Tetnal Superfix (cleared in 45s) then 45s more
5,5,10,15,20 inversion washes
Final Water bath with 1ml of Ilfotol
Bronica SQAi + 65mm
Highlight = 12
Shadow = 7
Midpoint = 9
Filter : None
Final EV = 10
Reciprocity 1->2sec
2 sec @ f13
Yashica Mat 124, Yashinon Wide Angle Lens Attachment + 55mm IR720 & CPL filters, Rollei Superpan 200
Metered ISO 6
Kodak XTOL 1+1, 9:30 mins @ 24C (14 mins @ 20C)
Not the best lighting for infrared but a good idea of this film's IR capabilities. Exposures 1 second or longer were doubled for reciprocity failure.
The wide angle attachment gives a vignette at the edges I quite like on B&W film but I don't think it would look quite as good on color film. Funny the OEM auxiliary lens is of such poor quality while the other aftermarket lenses I have produce no vignette and only minor distortion. Oh, Yashica.
Large bowls of turkey mole are served at a feast sponsored by the mayordomos of the celebration of the Virgin of Guadalupe in Teotitlan del Valle, Oaxaca.
The two women on the left in the foreground, along with their husbands, are the main sponsors of the year-long celebration.
All of the other women seated at the table are guests of honor who have promised to assist the mayordomas in carrying out the cargo, or burden, of the ritual cycle through a system of reciprocity call guelaguetza in Zapotec.
At such feasts and ritual celebrations, it is customary to serve honored guests more food than they could possibly eat in one seating as a symbol of generosity and respect. Hence the large portions. The diners are expected to take the leftovers home, in plastic containers provided by the hosts, to share with family members who were unable to attend the feast.
Mole negro served over turkey (guajolote con mole negro) is the festive food par excellence in the Zapotec world, due to the cost of the ingredients and the labor required to produce it.
During rituals like this, the Zapotecs of Teotitlan del Valle observe strict sexual division in seating and eating. Hence, only women at this table. The male mayordomos and their guests are seated at another table.
I find the color pencils are a lot like human beings. One can find various colors of pencils at the box set. Our society is more like a pencil box. In society, there live people of various colors and beliefs. Some are good, some are bad. Some are optimistic, some are pessimistic. Some are crooked. Some are not. The world is filled with people with these reciprocities.
Life is more like a box of colored pencils. You know different colored pencils will be there. Just like you know, you’ll come across all kinds of people on the way of living.
আমার কাছে রং পেন্সিলগুলোকে অনেকটা মানুষের মত মনে হয়। একটা বক্সে বহু ধরণের বহু বর্ণের কালার পেন্সিল থাকে। অনেকটা হিউম্যান সোসাইটির মত। এখানে মানুষ আছে নানা বর্ণের, নানা বৈশিষ্ট্যের, নানান মূল্যবোধের বৈপীরিত্যের।
মেডিকেল লাইফ পুরোদমে চলতে থাকলে একটানা লেকচার, টিউটোরিয়াল, আইটেম এক্সাম, ওয়ার্ডে ডিউটির চাপে ক্যামেরা হাতে নেয়ার সময় তেমন হয়ে ওঠে না। ফটোওয়াকে তো বের হওয়া হয়না বললেই চলে। তখন হাত নিশপিশ করে ছবি তোলার জন্য। বেশ কিছুদিন আগে ঠিক এরকম এক দিনে বাসায় বসে থাকতে থাকতে হঠাৎ ড্রয়ারের কোণায় পড়ে থাকা রঙ পেন্সিলের বক্সটা দেখে ছবি তোলার ভূত চাপল মাথায়। তুলে ফেললাম বেশ কিছু।
ছবিগুলো তুলতে ১৮-৫৫মিmm আর ৫০mm প্রাইম ইউজ করেছি।এটা ছারাও আর কিছু ছবি আছে "Color pencils" সেটে। চেক আউট করলে ভালো লাগবে। লিঙ্কঃ
www.flickr.com/photos/abir_shaqran/sets/72157635231785655...
Abir Shaqran Photography
Barisal, Bangladesh.