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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in Porbandar, India, on 1869-10-02 into a family connected to local administration, with a father who served as chief minister of a princely state. Shy and introspective as a youth, he married Kasturba Makhanji at a young age and later traveled to London to study law, qualifying as a barrister. After struggling to establish a career in India, he accepted legal work in South Africa, where he experienced direct racial discrimination that profoundly shaped his political awakening. In South Africa he organized Indian communities against racist legislation, led legal challenges, coordinated protests, and developed the method he later called satyagraha: organized, disciplined, collective resistance based on truth, civil disobedience, and refusal to cooperate with unjust authority. Returning permanently to India in 1915, Gandhi quickly became a central figure in the independence movement, transforming it from an elite political project into a mass struggle involving peasants, workers, women, and urban poor. He promoted boycotts of British goods, rejection of colonial courts and schools, spinning and wearing khadi as an act of economic resistance, and the building of local self-sufficiency. In 1930 he led the Salt March, walking hundreds of kilometers to the sea to openly violate British salt laws, exposing the absurdity and brutality of imperial control over basic necessities and igniting nationwide civil disobedience. Repeatedly imprisoned, he continued to coordinate non-cooperation campaigns and in 1942 launched the Quit India movement, demanding immediate British withdrawal. Politically, Gandhi insisted that independence had to include moral transformation, communal harmony, and protection of minorities. During the violent partition of India and Pakistan, he undertook hunger strikes and direct interventions to stop massacres and encourage reconciliation between Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs. These positions angered both colonial authorities and Hindu nationalist extremists who wanted a religiously defined state. In his personal life, Gandhi adopted ascetic practices, lived simply, and remained married to Kasturba Gandhi, with whom he had four sons. In his later years he wrote about and permitted what he called “experiments in brahmacharya,” including sleeping naked beside young female relatives as tests of self-control; these practices are documented in his writings and discussed by biographers and are widely considered ethically unacceptable and deeply troubling, even by sympathetic scholars. On 1948-01-30, in New Delhi, while walking to a public prayer meeting, Gandhi was shot at close range by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist extremist who accused him of betraying Hindu interests and being too conciliatory toward Muslims and Pakistan. Gandhi died from his wounds shortly afterward. His assassination removed the most powerful symbol of nonviolent mass resistance of the twentieth century, but his methods of organized civil disobedience, economic boycott, and moral confrontation with power profoundly influenced global struggles for civil rights, decolonization, and social justice, leaving a legacy that remains politically potent and morally contested.
I publish these figures to remember who they were and why they died. To show younger generations that many of the injustices they fought against still exist. Because their story is not over, and their sacrifice still matters today.
Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Bullet marks from the April 13, 1919, shooting of innocent civilians gathered to protest “the Rowlatt act” by the British Army Colonel Reginald Dyer are preserved and outlined in white. Now known as the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, this event was the turning point in the Indian freedom struggle. After this incident, the Indian National Congress, led by Gandhi, steered the agitation from “improving” the then colonial government system to a non-violent “Quit India” movement.
In the end, according to the official British report there were 379 dead and over 1,000 injured with 1,650 rounds of bullets fired during the 10 – 15 minutes of enclosed firing on the crowd. However, Indian accounts put the total dead over 1,000. During the investigation into this massacre, Dyer said he would have used the machine guns but they were mounted on armored vehicles. Ironically, a London conservative newspaper led by prominent [imperialistic] supporters organized a fundraiser for Dyer that raised about 26,000 pounds (more than a million dollars in today’s money). In contrast, the then government distributed about 500 rupees (approximately $2000 in today’s value) to each victims family.
I am concluding my India series with this image. This was my first visit to this part of India, and it was incredible. Hope to visit there again very soon. Thanks again for your kind words and appreciation.
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The Butterfly, by Arun Kolatka. Arun Balkrishna Kolatkar (Marathi: अरुण बालकृष्ण कोलटकर) (1932 – 2004) was a poet from Maharashtra, India, writing in both Marathi and English. He was criticised for writing in English, the language of his oppressors, but i find his skill in writing English using simple unpretentious words, staggering. I also know that in his old age a coffee cafe would hold a seat free for him to sit all day looking out onto the street. He found poems in street things like a faulty drain pipe, a crow, swept up rubbish, a starving kitten kissing its first fish. I would dearly have liked to have met him in that cafe. One of the best things to do in India is to talk with old men, particularly of the great generation who kicked the British out...
Zlatko Pounov & Steven Lowe, 1988, Ferry Plaza, Embarcadero, San Francisco, California, USA, sculpture
77.India – 1992 – SG 1510/11 – 50th anniversary of Quit India Movement; Mahatma Gandhi & mantra – Both block of 4v
On Quit India Movement Day, let us break all the barriers to freedom and move forward to establish a society based on justice and the rule of law.✨🙌
#QuitIndiaMovement
#klarspaces #quitindia #augustkranti #olympics #law #gandhimemorialmuseum #british #quitindiaday #society #quitindiamovementday #gujarat #gandhianera #india
#OfficialGates ---> www.officialgates.com/
#QuitIndiaDay 2016 - #August 9 (Tuesday)
On August 9, 1942 the Quit #India Movement began which later triggered the British leaving the country and India attaining independence on August 15, 1947 a few years later. #Quit India day is observed every year on August 9 to mark the anniversary of Quit India movement.
#IndiaDay #QuitDay #MahatmaGandhi #Gandhi #QuitIndia #Gandhiji
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❞ , - ❜ .❞
A powerful call for independence, igniting hope and unity across the nation, shaping India's destiny.
For more details:
☎️ 9495833319
Rajendra Prasad, Former President of the Republic of India. This image was signed by Rajendra Prasad and sent to Walter Nash (former New Zealand PM) in 1958.
On Quit India Movement Day, let us break all the barriers to freedom and move forward to establish a society based on justice and the rule of law.✨🙌
#QuitIndiaMovement
#klarspaces#quitindia #augustkranti #olympics #gandhimemorialmuseum #british #quitindiaday #quitindiamovementday #gujarat #gandhianera