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Natural quartzite talus from the Precambrian of Wisconsin, USA.
The Baraboo Ranges of southern Wisconsin are dominated by a hard, erosion-resistant Precambrian metamorphic unit called the Baraboo Quartzite. These rocks were originally marine sandstones and have been subjected to metamorphism and structural folding. Original sedimentary structures are preserved, such as cross-bedding and ripple marks. Baraboo Quartzites vary in color from pinkish to dark reddish to grayish. During metamorphism, quartz overgrowths formed over the original quartz sand grains. Long-term, modern weathering can result in original sand grains being released.
This unit has economic significance - it has been quarried historically and in modern times. The quartzite is broken down into gravel-sized pieces for use as railroad ballast and erosion-control rip-rap.
Stratigraphy: Baraboo Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, ~1.7 Ga
Locality: Tumbled Rocks Trail, northwestern margin of Devil's Lake, Devil's Lake State Park, northern part of the South Range of the Baraboo Ranges, southeast of the town of Baraboo, eastern Sauk County, southern Wisconsin, USA (43° 25' 34.34" North, 89° 44' 06.56" West)
After an afternoon of taking care of other business, I decided to finish the second one of the little preforms I purchased from Grandpa's Rocks, in Quartzite, in 1989. I dubbed this one the plume leader because it reminds me of a drummajor leading a band!
Crushed Sioux Quartzite (Precambrian) in sidewalk at Mitchell, South Dakota, USA.
Extensive outcrops of pinkish, Paleoproterozoic-aged quartzites are present at Falls Park along the Big Sioux River in the city of Sioux Falls, southeastern South Dakota, USA. The quartzites here have nicely water-worn, sculpted surfaces with good, fluvially abraded polish in places. These rocks are part of the Sioux Quartzite (Paleoproterozoic, 1.65-1.70 Ga). Despite being subjected to regional metamorphism, this unit’s original sedimentary features, such as horizontal stratification and ripple marks, are still preserved.
The Sioux Quartzite is a famous erosion-resistant unit in America’s midcontinent. It has formed a long-lived paleotopographic high since Precambrian times - the Sioux tectonic core. This high is part of a NE-SW trending series of paleotopographic highs & depressions known as the Transcontinental Arch, which extends from Arizona to Minnesota (see Carlson, 1999).
The Sioux Quartzite has been quarried in southeastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota. Material from these quarries is used as road gravel, sidewalk and paving gravel, and erosion control blocks.
Stratigraphy: Sioux Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, 1.65-1.70 Ga
Locality: sidewalk at motel in Mitchell, South Dakota, USA
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Reference cited:
Carlson (1999) - Transcontinental Arch - a pattern formed by rejuvenation of local features across central North America. Tectonophysics 305: 225-233.
Specimens of Willow Creek jasper I purchased at one of the many booths at the Desert Gardens venue, in Quartzite, Arizona.
Cross-bedded quartzite in the Precambrian of Wisconsin, USA.
The Baraboo Ranges of southern Wisconsin are dominated by a hard, erosion-resistant Precambrian metamorphic unit called the Baraboo Quartzite. These rocks were originally marine sandstones and have been subjected to metamorphism and structural folding. Original sedimentary structures are preserved, such as cross-bedding and ripple marks. Baraboo Quartzites vary in color from pinkish to dark reddish to grayish. During metamorphism, quartz overgrowths formed over the original quartz sand grains. Long-term, modern weathering can result in original sand grains being released.
This unit has economic significance - it has been quarried historically and in modern times. The quartzite is broken down into gravel-sized pieces for use as railroad ballast and erosion-control rip-rap.
The tilted layers shown above are cross-bedding, formed in a one-directional current by wind or water (in this case, water).
Stratigraphy: Baraboo Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, ~1.7 Ga
Locality: Tumbled Rocks Trail, northwestern margin of Devil's Lake, Devil's Lake State Park, northern part of the South Range of the Baraboo Ranges, southeast of the town of Baraboo, eastern Sauk County, southern Wisconsin, USA (43° 25' 34.34" North, 89° 44' 06.56" West)
Quartzite from the Precambrian of the Transcontinental Arch, USA. (7.1 centimeters across at its widest)
Metamorphic rocks result from intense alteration of any previously existing rocks by heat and/or pressure and/or chemical change. This can happen as a result of regional metamorphism (large-scale tectonic events, such as continental collision or subduction), burial metamorphism (super-deep burial), contact metamorphism (by the heat & chemicals from nearby magma or lava), hydrothermal metamorphism (by superheated groundwater), shear metamorphism (in or near a fault zone), or shock metamorphism (by an impact event). Other categories include thermal metamorphism, kinetic metamorphism, and nuclear metamorphism. Many metamorphic rocks have a foliated texture, but some are crystalline or glassy.
Quartzite is a common, crystalline-textured, intermediate- to high-grade metamorphic rock. It forms by metamorphism of quartzose sandstones or siltstones. Quartzite can be entirely composed of interlocking quartz crystals, or the original sand grains may still be visible. This rock is hard (H = 7), will not bubble in acid (unlike marble), and can be almost any color.
The term “quartzite” has been used in geology to refer to crystalline, quartzose metamorphic rocks and to hard, well-cemented quartzose sandstones that have not been subjected to metamorphism. It is difficult to not call hard, well-cemented sandstones “quartzite” - for example, the Clinch Quartzite in the Appalachian Mountains and the Eureka Quartzite of the Great Basin in western USA, but the Clinch and Eureka aren’t metamorphic rocks. The term "metaquartzite" has been used by some geologists to refer to crystalline-textured, quartzose rocks that have been metamorphosed. This implies that “quartzite” be restricted to well-cemented, non-metamorphosed sandstones. I don’t often see the term metaquartzite in the geologic literature.
The quartzite sample seen here is from the Precambrian-aged Sioux Quartzite, which outcrops in southeastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota. Despite being regionally metamorphed, the unit’s original sedimentary features, such as horizontal stratification, cross-bedding, and ripple marks, are still apparent in some outcrops.
The Sioux Quartzite is a erosion-resistant unit in a long-lived paleotopographic high called the Sioux tectonic core. This high has existed since Precambrian times and is part of a northeast-southwest trending series of paleotopographic highs & depressions known as the Transcontinental Arch, which extends from Arizona to Minnesota (see Carlson, 1999).
Stratigraphy: Sioux Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, 1.65 to 1.70 Ga
Locality: undetermined quarry; collected from railroad ballast at Missouri Valley, Iowa, USA
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Reference cited:
Carlson (1999) - Transcontinental Arch - a pattern formed by rejuvenation of local features across central North America. Tectonophysics 305: 225-233.
Quartzite from the Precambrian of the Transcontinental Arch, USA. (8.9 centimeters across at its widest)
Metamorphic rocks result from intense alteration of any previously existing rocks by heat and/or pressure and/or chemical change. This can happen as a result of regional metamorphism (large-scale tectonic events, such as continental collision or subduction), burial metamorphism (super-deep burial), contact metamorphism (by the heat & chemicals from nearby magma or lava), hydrothermal metamorphism (by superheated groundwater), shear metamorphism (in or near a fault zone), or shock metamorphism (by an impact event). Other categories include thermal metamorphism, kinetic metamorphism, and nuclear metamorphism. Many metamorphic rocks have a foliated texture, but some are crystalline or glassy.
Quartzite is a common, crystalline-textured, intermediate- to high-grade metamorphic rock. It forms by metamorphism of quartzose sandstones or siltstones. Quartzite can be entirely composed of interlocking quartz crystals, or the original sand grains may still be visible. This rock is hard (H = 7), will not bubble in acid (unlike marble), and can be almost any color.
The term “quartzite” has been used in geology to refer to crystalline, quartzose metamorphic rocks and to hard, well-cemented quartzose sandstones that have not been subjected to metamorphism. It is difficult to not call hard, well-cemented sandstones “quartzite” - for example, the Clinch Quartzite in the Appalachian Mountains and the Eureka Quartzite of the Great Basin in western USA, but the Clinch and Eureka aren’t metamorphic rocks. The term "metaquartzite" has been used by some geologists to refer to crystalline-textured, quartzose rocks that have been metamorphosed. This implies that “quartzite” be restricted to well-cemented, non-metamorphosed sandstones. I don’t often see the term metaquartzite in the geologic literature.
The quartzite sample seen here is from the Precambrian-aged Sioux Quartzite, which outcrops in southeastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota. Despite being regionally metamorphed, the unit’s original sedimentary features, such as horizontal stratification, cross-bedding, and ripple marks, are still apparent in some outcrops.
The Sioux Quartzite is a erosion-resistant unit in a long-lived paleotopographic high called the Sioux tectonic core. This high has existed since Precambrian times and is part of a northeast-southwest trending series of paleotopographic highs & depressions known as the Transcontinental Arch, which extends from Arizona to Minnesota (see Carlson, 1999).
Stratigraphy: Sioux Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, 1.65 to 1.70 Ga
Locality: undetermined quarry; collected from railroad ballast at Missouri Valley, Iowa, USA
-----------------
Reference cited:
Carlson (1999) - Transcontinental Arch - a pattern formed by rejuvenation of local features across central North America. Tectonophysics 305: 225-233.
I really am getting close to finishing all of the Priday preforms I purchased in Quartzite in 1989. This one has spike-like strands of moss to go along with some small plumes.
Asymmetrical ripple marks in quartzite in the Precambrian of Wisconsin, USA.
The Baraboo Ranges of southern Wisconsin are dominated by a hard, erosion-resistant Precambrian metamorphic unit called the Baraboo Quartzite. These rocks were originally marine sandstones and have been subjected to metamorphism and structural folding. Original sedimentary structures are preserved, such as cross-bedding and ripple marks. Baraboo Quartzites vary in color from pinkish to dark reddish to grayish. During metamorphism, quartz overgrowths formed over the original quartz sand grains. Long-term, modern weathering can result in original sand grains being released.
This unit has economic significance - it has been quarried historically and in modern times. The quartzite is broken down into gravel-sized pieces for use as railroad ballast and erosion-control rip-rap.
The ridges on the rock shown above are asymmetrical ripples. Asymmetrical ripple marks have a long side and a short side, when viewed in cross-section. They form in a one-directional current by wind or water (in this case, water). The current direction was toward the short side of each ripple.
Stratigraphy: Baraboo Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, ~1.7 Ga
Locality: loose block along the southern shore of Devil's Lake, Devil's Lake State Park, northern part of the South Range of the Baraboo Ranges, southeast of the town of Baraboo, eastern Sauk County, southern Wisconsin, USA
Work in progress for setting up the Santa Christmas Village at the external quartzite outside Robinsons for the Christmas Festival 2014 celebrations.
The pile of Sioux quartzite at the right has been removed by hand from the quarry at the end of the path. The quarries in Pipestone National Monument are the only place in the world where pipestone, or catlinite, a relatively soft clay stone, is found. In earlier centuries, members of many tribes traveled long distances to obtain this stone, which they took back to the tribe to be made into a ceremonial pipe. This place is considered sacred, and only native Americans who have successfully applied are allowed to quarry here.
"The Cutting Wedge" – Christopher Lee, 1989, 488 East Valley Parkway and Hickory – A single tall wedge made of quartzite, laminated glass, and aluminum.
I photographed this already detached chunk of Cambrian-age Montalto Member quartzite just a short distance down the trail from the Pole Steeple summit. The folding knife provides scale.
The long, impressively parallel grooves exposed on the stone's face are examples of an ichnofossil (trace fossil) dubbed Skolithos. Trace fossils reveal something about the behavior of the organisms that made them—rather than their form.
Here, we don't have direct evidence of what the critters that did the digging looked like, but we can surmise they were burrowing into the substrate of an ancient seabottom, as do many benthic animals today.
You'll find the other photos and descriptions of this series in my Integrative Natural History of the Blue Ridge Province album.
Metagraywacke from the Precambrian of Michigan, USA. (4.4 centimeters across at its widest)
Quartzite (metaquartzite) is a crystalline-textured, quartzose metamorphic rock. It forms by intermediate- to high-grade metamorphism of quartzose sandstones or siltstones. This sample comes from the Ajibik Quartzite in northern Michigan. The Ajibik Quartzite is the lower unit of the Precambrian-aged Menominee Group in northern Michigan. Its lower contact is an unconformity. The dominant Ajibik lithologies include quartzite (metaquartzite), some arkosic quartzite, and some metagraywackes. The basal portions of the Ajibik are conglomeratic (with clasts of slate, quartzite, chert, & vein quartz), and have been referred to as the Seaman Conglomerate. The original sandstones of the Ajibik were very likely shallow-water marine.
In this sample, the original sand grains and clastic texture are still evident. The grayish component is mud and clay. "Graywacke" is a term often loosely used to refer to dirty sandstones (= high mud & clay content in the matrix). A metamorphosed graywacke is thus a metagraywacke, which is a type of quartzite.
Stratigraphy: Ajibik Quartzite, lower Menominee Group, mid-Marquette Range Supergroup, Mid-Paleoproterozoic, 2.1-2.2 Ga (or 1.8-1.9 Ga)
Locality: roadcut along the southern side of County Road 480, just east of Mud Lake, western side of the Ragged Hills, southwest of the town of Marquette, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA
We got little rain from this building storm. Just enough to dampen the road as it passed by to build further east. This was a great vantage point to setup and watch the the storm clouds take shape. It also turned out to be a good spot to snap a few photos as the sun went down and lit the clouds up to reflect warmth back into the creek and onto the quartzite spires.
Museum number: UC.103
Brown quartzite inlay head of Akhenaten or Nefertiti.
Samson, Amarna, p.68,p1.40.
Quartzite from the Precambrian of the Transcontinental Arch, USA. (7.1 centimeters across at its widest)
Metamorphic rocks result from intense alteration of any previously existing rocks by heat and/or pressure and/or chemical change. This can happen as a result of regional metamorphism (large-scale tectonic events, such as continental collision or subduction), burial metamorphism (super-deep burial), contact metamorphism (by the heat & chemicals from nearby magma or lava), hydrothermal metamorphism (by superheated groundwater), shear metamorphism (in or near a fault zone), or shock metamorphism (by an impact event). Other categories include thermal metamorphism, kinetic metamorphism, and nuclear metamorphism. Many metamorphic rocks have a foliated texture, but some are crystalline or glassy.
Quartzite is a common, crystalline-textured, intermediate- to high-grade metamorphic rock. It forms by metamorphism of quartzose sandstones or siltstones. Quartzite can be entirely composed of interlocking quartz crystals, or the original sand grains may still be visible. This rock is hard (H = 7), will not bubble in acid (unlike marble), and can be almost any color.
The term “quartzite” has been used in geology to refer to crystalline, quartzose metamorphic rocks and to hard, well-cemented quartzose sandstones that have not been subjected to metamorphism. It is difficult to not call hard, well-cemented sandstones “quartzite” - for example, the Clinch Quartzite in the Appalachian Mountains and the Eureka Quartzite of the Great Basin in western USA, but the Clinch and Eureka aren’t metamorphic rocks. The term "metaquartzite" has been used by some geologists to refer to crystalline-textured, quartzose rocks that have been metamorphosed. This implies that “quartzite” be restricted to well-cemented, non-metamorphosed sandstones. I don’t often see the term metaquartzite in the geologic literature.
The quartzite sample seen here is from the Precambrian-aged Sioux Quartzite, which outcrops in southeastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota. Despite being regionally metamorphed, the unit’s original sedimentary features, such as horizontal stratification, cross-bedding, and ripple marks, are still apparent in some outcrops.
The Sioux Quartzite is a erosion-resistant unit in a long-lived paleotopographic high called the Sioux tectonic core. This high has existed since Precambrian times and is part of a northeast-southwest trending series of paleotopographic highs & depressions known as the Transcontinental Arch, which extends from Arizona to Minnesota (see Carlson, 1999).
Stratigraphy: Sioux Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, 1.65 to 1.70 Ga
Locality: undetermined quarry; collected from railroad ballast at Missouri Valley, Iowa, USA
-----------------
Reference cited:
Carlson (1999) - Transcontinental Arch - a pattern formed by rejuvenation of local features across central North America. Tectonophysics 305: 225-233.
A red quartzite stele of Amenhotep III at his mortuary temple.
The stele was originally 9 m tall and is reconstructed from 27 large pieces and several smaller ones.
Kom el Hettan, Luxor.
Quartzite head of a colossal statue from the pharaoh’s mortuary temple in western Thebes. Amenhotep is shown wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt. The prominence of the symmetrical eyes and the accentuated facial features foreshadow physical representations created in the heretical Armana Period at the end of the 18 Dynasty. This head is featured at the right side of the door way to the Egyptian Sculpture room from the Great Court at the British Museum.
©2010 PHH Sykes
Quartzite from the Precambrian of the Transcontinental Arch, USA. (4.7 centimeters across along the base)
Metamorphic rocks result from intense alteration of any previously existing rocks by heat and/or pressure and/or chemical change. This can happen as a result of regional metamorphism (large-scale tectonic events, such as continental collision or subduction), burial metamorphism (super-deep burial), contact metamorphism (by the heat & chemicals from nearby magma or lava), hydrothermal metamorphism (by superheated groundwater), shear metamorphism (in or near a fault zone), or shock metamorphism (by an impact event). Other categories include thermal metamorphism, kinetic metamorphism, and nuclear metamorphism. Many metamorphic rocks have a foliated texture, but some are crystalline or glassy.
Quartzite is a common, crystalline-textured, intermediate- to high-grade metamorphic rock. It forms by metamorphism of quartzose sandstones or siltstones. Quartzite can be entirely composed of interlocking quartz crystals, or the original sand grains may still be visible. This rock is hard (H = 7), will not bubble in acid (unlike marble), and can be almost any color.
The term “quartzite” has been used in geology to refer to crystalline, quartzose metamorphic rocks and to hard, well-cemented quartzose sandstones that have not been subjected to metamorphism. It is difficult to not call hard, well-cemented sandstones “quartzite” - for example, the Clinch Quartzite in the Appalachian Mountains and the Eureka Quartzite of the Great Basin in western USA, but the Clinch and Eureka aren’t metamorphic rocks. The term "metaquartzite" has been used by some geologists to refer to crystalline-textured, quartzose rocks that have been metamorphosed. This implies that “quartzite” be restricted to well-cemented, non-metamorphosed sandstones. I don’t often see the term metaquartzite in the geologic literature.
The quartzite sample seen here is from the Precambrian-aged Sioux Quartzite, which outcrops in southeastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota. Despite being regionally metamorphed, the unit’s original sedimentary features, such as horizontal stratification, cross-bedding, and ripple marks, are still apparent in some outcrops.
The Sioux Quartzite is a erosion-resistant unit in a long-lived paleotopographic high called the Sioux tectonic core. This high has existed since Precambrian times and is part of a northeast-southwest trending series of paleotopographic highs & depressions known as the Transcontinental Arch, which extends from Arizona to Minnesota (see Carlson, 1999).
Stratigraphy: Sioux Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, 1.65 to 1.70 Ga
Locality: undetermined quarry; collected from railroad ballast at Missouri Valley, Iowa, USA
-----------------
Reference cited:
Carlson (1999) - Transcontinental Arch - a pattern formed by rejuvenation of local features across central North America. Tectonophysics 305: 225-233.
Blue Mound State Park is in the far south-western corner of Minnesota, near Luverne. The highest point in the park is Eagle Rock, from which one can see both Iowa and South Dakota. The region is pretty flat, so these cliffs are surprising to come across, which are about 100 ft high.
I've heard the story that Native Americans used to stampede bison off this cliff. I don't know if that is true or not, but it would certainly be effective and makes sense.
There is still a herd of bison in the park. Prickly pear cactus can be found in the park as well.
This is a scan of a print. I took this back when my wife and I were still dating. I think she was still in grad school.
More about the park here.
Sad note about this park: It is well off Hwy 90 which runs between Worthington and Sioux Falls to the south of the park. It is quiet farm country. In 2001, Carrie Nelson, a park time park employee, was murdered here in a senseless and random act of violence. Nelson is believed to be the first and only member of the MN Park Service to be killed in the line of duty.
The whole story (via WCCO) is here.
Taken by Cory Funk.
quartzite at Avalanche Lk
collected a few apothecia (=tiny mushrooms, ok in national parks)
largest apo 0.7mm
dry - black, some with somewhat pruinose disk
wet - not reddish
pol neg H2O
hymenium 75u
hypothecium 55u
most asci very immature - fine texture interior
for some reason difficult to focus on apparently mature ones
they contain many tiny spores
spores ca. 5x2.5u
paraph ca. 2u diam, apex ca. 4u diam, some branch
collections of sets, e.g. mountains by range, lichens by genus www.flickr.com/photos/29750062@N06/collections/
my lichen photos arranged by genus www.flickr.com/photos/29750062@N06/collections/7215762439...
Cross-bedded pebbly quartzite in the Precambrian of Wisconsin, USA.
The Baraboo Ranges of southern Wisconsin are dominated by a hard, erosion-resistant Precambrian metamorphic unit called the Baraboo Quartzite. These rocks were originally marine sandstones and have been subjected to metamorphism and structural folding. Original sedimentary structures are preserved, such as cross-bedding and ripple marks. Baraboo Quartzites vary in color from pinkish to dark reddish to grayish. During metamorphism, quartz overgrowths formed over the original quartz sand grains. Long-term, modern weathering can result in original sand grains being released.
This unit has economic significance - it has been quarried historically and in modern times. The quartzite is broken down into gravel-sized pieces for use as railroad ballast and erosion-control rip-rap.
The tilted layers shown above are cross-bedding, formed in a one-directional current by wind or water (in this case, water).
Stratigraphy: Baraboo Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, ~1.7 Ga
Locality: Tumbled Rocks Trail, northwestern margin of Devil's Lake, Devil's Lake State Park, northern part of the South Range of the Baraboo Ranges, southeast of the town of Baraboo, eastern Sauk County, southern Wisconsin, USA (43° 25' 34.34" North, 89° 44' 06.56" West)
Quartzite (metaquartzite) is a quartzose, crystalline-textured, metamorphic rock. It forms by intermediate- to high-grade metamorphism of quartzose sandstones and siltstones.
Fragment of a palm-shaped column made of quartzite. Originally, he had to be part of the lone column graced the square anteroom of the sanctuary.
• V dinastía. Reinado de Unis (Horus: Waztawy).
• Ubicación: Saqqara. Complejo funerario del rey Unis. Templo funerario. Santuario.
• Material de la columna palmiforme: Cuarcita.
• Dimensiones.
• Conservación: In situ.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA:
- Porter and Moss. “Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings”. III. Part 2. (1978), p. 420-421.
- A. Labrousse, J.-Ph. Lauer, J. Leclant. “Le temple haut du complexe funéraire du roi Ounas”. (1978) p. 8. Pl. XVII A.
ENLACES:
REFERENCIAS:
Texto: Juan Rodríguez Lázaro.
Foto: Juan Rodríguez Lázaro. Tomada el 12 de enero de 2007.
Quartzite in the Precambrian of Wisconsin, USA.
The Baraboo Ranges of southern Wisconsin are dominated by a hard, erosion-resistant Precambrian metamorphic unit called the Baraboo Quartzite. These rocks were originally marine sandstones and have been subjected to metamorphism and structural folding. Original sedimentary structures are preserved, such as cross-bedding and ripple marks. Baraboo Quartzites vary in color from pinkish to dark reddish to grayish. During metamorphism, quartz overgrowths formed over the original quartz sand grains. Long-term, modern weathering can result in original sand grains being released.
This unit has economic significance - it has been quarried historically and in modern times. The quartzite is broken down into gravel-sized pieces for use as railroad ballast and erosion-control rip-rap.
Stratigraphy: Baraboo Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, ~1.7 Ga
Locality: roadcut on the western side of Rt. 136, across the road from Van Hise Rock, just north of the town of Rock Springs, North Range of the Baraboo Ranges, north-central Sauk County, southern Wisconsin, USA (43° 29’ 21.35” North, 89° 54’ 57.39” West)
From Egypt
18th Dynasty, around 1350 BC
'He who cuts off the face of him who cuts off your face'
This inscription on the statue appears to identify it with Hapy the son of Horus. Yet this baboon still reminds of the Cynocephalus ape of Thoth.
Ancient Egyptians might identify the baboon with at least three main deities. The first was the sun-god, as baboons screech at sunrise. Religious papyri often depict baboons adoring the rising sun. The second deity, who this sculpture is normally thought to represent, is Thoth, the ibis-headed god of Hermopolis. Amenhotep III (1390-1352 BC), whose names are incised on the pedestal of this small figure, in fact set up four colossal baboon statues at Hermopolis, the centre of Thoth's cult.
However, the baboon is also associated with Hapy, one of the four sons of Horus. The inscription on this statue suggests that it might be Hapy who is represented here, as it bears the epithet 'He who cuts off the face of him who cuts off your face', which is usually identified with the guardian Hapy.
The figure is carved from the brown quartzite of Lower Egypt so favoured by Amenhotep III. It has been suggested that the statue may have come from Amenhotep's tomb, but divine statues in royal burials are more likely to have been made of wood. It seems more likely that this is one of the huge number of statues of deities made for Amenhotep's mortuary temple on the west bank of the Nile.
A.P. Kozloff and B.M. Bryan, Egypts dazzling sun: Amenhotep (Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992)
S. Quirke and A.J. Spencer, The British Museum book of anc (London, The British Museum Press, 1992)
British Museum
Room 4: Egyptian sculpture
www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_object...
Pipestone County Courthouse, 416 South Hiawatha, Pipestone, Minnesota. This 1902 courthouse is a Beaux Arts style building featuring a Renaissance dome on a clock tower with heavily rusticated masonry and Sioux quartzite. A bronze Lady Justice stands on the dome. The interior is finished with elaborate oak woodwork. A multicolored mantle in the foyer was constructed from pipestone in a Native American motif. The building was constructed by C.H. Peltier of Faribault for $45,175. The architect was George Pass of Mankato, Minnesota. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Relief of Horemheb
Quartzite
Horemheb
was the last Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty from either 1319 BC to late 1292 BC, or 1306 to late 1292 BC
Before he became pharaoh, Horemheb was the commander in chief of the army under the reigns of Tutankamun and Ay. After his accession to the throne, he reformed the state and it was under his reign that official action against the preceding Amarna rulers began.
Horemheb demolished monuments of Akhenaten, reusing their remains in his own building projects, and usurped monuments of Tutankhamun and Ay. Horemheb presumably remained childless since he appointed his vizier Paramesse as his successor, who would assume the throne as Ramesses I. ~ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horemheb
King Tut Exhibit at the Pacific Science Center
August 3, 2012
Taken on the southern end of the park's East Bluff. Facing northwestward.
Precarious and seemingly improbable, this picturesque jumble of jointed bedrock and loosened blocks is the Devil’s Doorway, the park’s iconic landform.
It also makes the perfect portal through which to enter this album. I hope this series will grow to many posts, for I have spent a considerable amount of time in the greater Baraboo Syncline region, and have taken many photos of it in both the film and digital eras. Here I’ve brought my college classes; here I’ve led tours for both adults and young science-camp participants. And here, in the most spiritually and intellectually productive state, I have wandered hither and yon many times, all by myself. It's a wonderful place to repair to, and to repair oneself in, when the rest of the world disappoints.
One of the chief players in this magical region’s drama is the bedrock itself. What you see here is the upper member of the purplish-to-reddish Baraboo Quartzite. Exceedingly hard, it’s just too refractory and unworkable to be used as architectural ashlar. But it has been quarried in huge quantities for boulder-sized riprap and pebble-sized railroad ballast.
Being a metamorphic rock, the Baraboo Quartzite has two benchmark ages: that of its protolith or parent rock, and that of its metamorphism. Its protolith was an exceptionally mature sandstone —that is, one made up of very well-sorted and rounded quartz grains.
It was deposited somewhere between about 1.64 and 1.51 Ga (late Neoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic), either at the end of the Mazatzal Orogeny or after it. In any event, later in the Mesoproterozoic it was turned into much tougher metaquartzite, during what some geologists now call the Baraboo Orogeny. That was approximately 1.46 Ga ago.
In this image, a small portion of Devil’s Lake is visible, as is one section of the West Bluff. The entire park is situated on the southern limb of the syncline, which in this neighborhood dips 12 or 13 degrees to the north-northwest.
(Need some help with the geo-jargon? A syncline is a troughlike structure in the Earth’s crust, usually cause by crustal compression. It’s V-shaped in cross section, and its rock units are folded downward in the middle. Their sides, which dip into the trough, are the limbs.
Much farther away, on the other side of the small but lovely city of Baraboo, is the range of hills that is the manifestation of the almost vertically dipping northern limb of the syncline. In cases like this, where the limbs have significantly different dips and form a decidedly lopsided V, their structure is known as an asymmetrical syncline.
Now you’re jargon-empowered for the rest of the series!
To see the other photos and descriptions in this series, visit my Exploring the Baraboo Syncline Region album.
John found it easier to navigate around the store on foot, as we shopped at this great store in the Desert Gardens venue at Quartzite.
Quartzite from the Precambrian of the Transcontinental Arch, USA. (6.6 centimeters across at its widest)
Metamorphic rocks result from intense alteration of any previously existing rocks by heat and/or pressure and/or chemical change. This can happen as a result of regional metamorphism (large-scale tectonic events, such as continental collision or subduction), burial metamorphism (super-deep burial), contact metamorphism (by the heat & chemicals from nearby magma or lava), hydrothermal metamorphism (by superheated groundwater), shear metamorphism (in or near a fault zone), or shock metamorphism (by an impact event). Other categories include thermal metamorphism, kinetic metamorphism, and nuclear metamorphism. Many metamorphic rocks have a foliated texture, but some are crystalline or glassy.
Quartzite is a common, crystalline-textured, intermediate- to high-grade metamorphic rock. It forms by metamorphism of quartzose sandstones or siltstones. Quartzite can be entirely composed of interlocking quartz crystals, or the original sand grains may still be visible. This rock is hard (H = 7), will not bubble in acid (unlike marble), and can be almost any color.
The term “quartzite” has been used in geology to refer to crystalline, quartzose metamorphic rocks and to hard, well-cemented quartzose sandstones that have not been subjected to metamorphism. It is difficult to not call hard, well-cemented sandstones “quartzite” - for example, the Clinch Quartzite in the Appalachian Mountains and the Eureka Quartzite of the Great Basin in western USA, but the Clinch and Eureka aren’t metamorphic rocks. The term "metaquartzite" has been used by some geologists to refer to crystalline-textured, quartzose rocks that have been metamorphosed. This implies that “quartzite” be restricted to well-cemented, non-metamorphosed sandstones. I don’t often see the term metaquartzite in the geologic literature.
The quartzite sample seen here is from the Precambrian-aged Sioux Quartzite, which outcrops in southeastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota. Despite being regionally metamorphed, the unit’s original sedimentary features, such as horizontal stratification, cross-bedding, and ripple marks, are still apparent in some outcrops.
The Sioux Quartzite is a erosion-resistant unit in a long-lived paleotopographic high called the Sioux tectonic core. This high has existed since Precambrian times and is part of a northeast-southwest trending series of paleotopographic highs & depressions known as the Transcontinental Arch, which extends from Arizona to Minnesota (see Carlson, 1999).
Stratigraphy: Sioux Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, 1.65 to 1.70 Ga
Locality: undetermined quarry; collected from railroad ballast at Missouri Valley, Iowa, USA
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Reference cited:
Carlson (1999) - Transcontinental Arch - a pattern formed by rejuvenation of local features across central North America. Tectonophysics 305: 225-233.
The Royal Burgh of Cullen (pop circa 1400) is both renowned for the beauty of its setting and rich history. The original village, Invercullen, was at the mouth of the Cullen burn, but the people moved inland to what is now known as Old Cullen about the year 1300, during the wars of independence against King Edward I of England. In 1327 King Robert the Bruce's queen, Elizabeth de burgh, died at Cullen. The prominent family of the time, the Oglivies, lived at Findlater castle, east of Cullen. In 1600, however, they built Cullen house close to the church and village and Findlater castle fell into ruin. In the 17th century, Cullen's Laird became Earl of Findlater and in the next century the estates passed to the earl of Seafield. Cullen house was extended more than once, and has now been converted into luxury homes. Fishing has been carried on at Cullen for at least five hundred years, and the picturesque huddle of the Seatown with its colourful painted cottages and twisting lanes dates in part from the 17th century. The small harbour, begun in 1817 and once busy with the herring fishing, is now mainly used by pleasure craft. The village specialised in the export of smoked haddock and had at one time three large curing houses. Perhaps the most striking feature of the town is the series of railway viaducts, one of the great achievements of nineteenth-century railway engineering, which divide the Seatown from the upper town. They were built in 1886 by the Great North of Scotland Railway because the countess of Seafield would not allow the line to cross the policies of Cullen house. The arches of the viaducts frame some of the best views of the town and its surroundings; the Seatown, the Cullen burn, the 19th century temple of Pomona - a garden teahouse in the shape of a classical temple and, most magnificent of all, Cullen bay with the isolated rock stacks known as the 'Three Kings'.
Cross-bedded pebbly quartzite in the Precambrian of Wisconsin, USA.
The Baraboo Ranges of southern Wisconsin are dominated by a hard, erosion-resistant Precambrian metamorphic unit called the Baraboo Quartzite. These rocks were originally marine sandstones and have been subjected to metamorphism and structural folding. Original sedimentary structures are preserved, such as cross-bedding and ripple marks. Baraboo Quartzites vary in color from pinkish to dark reddish to grayish. During metamorphism, quartz overgrowths formed over the original quartz sand grains. Long-term, modern weathering can result in original sand grains being released.
This unit has economic significance - it has been quarried historically and in modern times. The quartzite is broken down into gravel-sized pieces for use as railroad ballast and erosion-control rip-rap.
The tilted layers shown above are cross-bedding, formed in a one-directional current by wind or water (in this case, water).
Stratigraphy: Baraboo Quartzite, upper Paleoproterozoic, ~1.7 Ga
Locality: Tumbled Rocks Trail, northwestern margin of Devil's Lake, Devil's Lake State Park, northern part of the South Range of the Baraboo Ranges, southeast of the town of Baraboo, eastern Sauk County, southern Wisconsin, USA (43° 25' 34.34" North, 89° 44' 06.56" West)