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Summer holiday 2014
In and around Berlin Germany
Berlin
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This article is about the capital of Germany. For other uses, see Berlin (disambiguation).
Berlin
State of Germany
Clockwise: Charlottenburg Palace, Fernsehturm Berlin, Reichstag building, Berlin Cathedral, Alte Nationalgalerie, Potsdamer Platz and Brandenburg Gate.
Clockwise: Charlottenburg Palace, Fernsehturm Berlin, Reichstag building, Berlin Cathedral, Alte Nationalgalerie, Potsdamer Platz and Brandenburg Gate.
Flag of Berlin
Flag Coat of arms of Berlin
Coat of arms
Location within European Union and Germany
Location within European Union and Germany
Coordinates: 52°31′N 13°23′ECoordinates: 52°31′N 13°23′E
Country
Germany
Government
• Governing Mayor
Michael Müller (SPD)
• Governing parties
SPD / CDU
• Votes in Bundesrat
4 (of 69)
Area
• City
891.85 km2 (344.35 sq mi)
Elevation
34 m (112 ft)
Population (December 2013)[1]
• City
3,517,424
• Density
3,900/km2 (10,000/sq mi)
Demonym
Berliner
Time zone
CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)
CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code(s)
10115–14199
Area code(s)
030
ISO 3166 code
DE-BE
Vehicle registration
B[2]
GDP/ Nominal
€109.2 billion (2013) [3]
NUTS Region
DE3
Website
berlin.de
Berlin (/bərˈlɪn/; German pronunciation: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn] ( listen)) is the capital of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.5 million people,[4] Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union.[5] Located in northeastern Germany on the River Spree, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 4.5 million residents from over 180 nations.[6][7][8][9] Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.[10]
First documented in the 13th century, Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417), the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the Third Reich (1933–1945).[11] Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world.[12] After World War II, the city was divided; East Berlin became the capital of East Germany while West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave, surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961–1989).[13] Following German reunification in 1990, the city was once more designated as the capital of all Germany, hosting 158 foreign embassies.[14]
Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media, and science.[15][16][17][18] Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations, and convention venues.[19][20] Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination.[21] Significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction, and electronics.
Modern Berlin is home to renowned universities, orchestras, museums, entertainment venues, and is host to many sporting events.[22] Its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions.[23] The city is well known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts, and a high quality of living.[24] Over the last decade Berlin has seen the upcoming of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene.[25]
20th to 21st centuries[edit]
Street, Berlin (1913) by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
After 1910 Berlin had become a fertile ground for the German Expressionist movement. In fields such as architecture, painting and cinema new forms of artistic styles were invented. At the end of World War I in 1918, a republic was proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building. In 1920, the Greater Berlin Act incorporated dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into an expanded city. The act increased the area of Berlin from 66 to 883 km2 (25 to 341 sq mi). The population almost doubled and Berlin had a population of around four million. During the Weimar era, Berlin underwent political unrest due to economic uncertainties, but also became a renowned center of the Roaring Twenties. The metropolis experienced its heyday as a major world capital and was known for its leadership roles in science, the humanities, city planning, film, higher education, government, and industries. Albert Einstein rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
Berlin in ruins after World War II (Potsdamer Platz, 1945).
In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. NSDAP rule effectively destroyed Berlin's Jewish community, which had numbered 160,000, representing one-third of all Jews in the country. Berlin's Jewish population fell to about 80,000 as a result of emigration between 1933 and 1939. After Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's persecuted groups were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp or, starting in early 1943, were shipped to death camps, such as Auschwitz.[39] During World War II, large parts of Berlin were destroyed in the 1943–45 air raids and during the Battle of Berlin. Around 125,000 civilians were killed.[40] After the end of the war in Europe in 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the Eastern provinces. The victorious powers divided the city into four sectors, analogous to the occupation zones into which Germany was divided. The sectors of the Western Allies (the United States, the United Kingdom and France) formed West Berlin, while the Soviet sector formed East Berlin.[41]
The Berlin Wall in 1986, painted on the western side. People crossing the so-called "death strip" on the eastern side were at risk of being shot.
All four Allies shared administrative responsibilities for Berlin. However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the Western zones of Germany to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949.[42] In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British, and French zones, excluding those three countries' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany. West Berlin officially remained an occupied city, but it politically was aligned with the Federal Republic of Germany despite West Berlin's geographic isolation. Airline service to West Berlin was granted only to American, British, and French airlines.
The fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989. On 3 October 1990, the German reunification process was formally finished.
The founding of the two German states increased Cold War tensions. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory, and East Germany proclaimed the Eastern part as its capital, a move that was not recognized by the western powers. East Berlin included most of the historic center of the city. The West German government established itself in Bonn.[43] In 1961, East Germany began the building of the Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie. West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany. John F. Kennedy gave his "Ich bin ein Berliner" – speech in 1963 underlining the US support for the Western part of the city. Berlin was completely divided. Although it was possible for Westerners to pass from one to the other side through strictly controlled checkpoints, for most Easterners travel to West Berlin or West Germany prohibited. In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany.[44]
In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November and was subsequently mostly demolished. Today, the East Side Gallery preserves a large portion of the Wall. On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became the official German capital. In 1991, the German Parliament, the Bundestag, voted to move the seat of the (West) German capital from Bonn to Berlin, which was completed in 1999. Berlin's 2001 administrative reform merged several districts. The number of boroughs was reduced from 23 to twelve. In 2006 the FIFA World Cup Final was held in Berlin.
“It is impossible to have a healthy and sound society without a proper respect for the soil.”
- Peter Maurin
Now this is a toilet. Heated seats (it was cold in February). And even a lovely little feature I wish I had at home...
Italy. Tuscany.
Florence (Firenze).
San Lorenzo Quarter (Medici family)
The Sagrestia Nuova.
The project of building a proper family mausoleum was conceived in 1520, when Michelangelo began work on the New Sacristy upon the request of Cardinal Giulio de Medici, the future Pope Clemens VII, who expressed a desire to erect the mausoleum for some members of his family: Lorenzo the Magnificent and his brother Giuliano; Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino; and Giuliano, Duke of Nemours. After completing the architectural works in 1524, Michelangelo worked until 1533 on the sculptures and the sarcophagi that were to be featured on the chapel walls. The only ones actually completed were the statues of Lorenzo the Magnificent and his brother Giuliano; the Duke of Urbino; the Duke of Nemours; the four statues of the allegories of Day and Night, and Dawn and Dusk; and the group representing the Madonna and Child; they are flanked by statues of Saints Cosma and Damian (protectors of the Medici), executed respectively by Montorsoli and Raffaello da Montelupo , both of whom were pupils of Michelangelo.
The articulation of the architecture structure and the strength of Michelangelo's sculptures reflect a complex symbolism of Human Life, where “active life” and “contemplative life” interact to free the soul after death, a philosophical concept closely linked to Michelangelo's own spirituality.
Numerous drawings by Michelangelo were found in a small space beneath the apse, and may be related to the statues and architecture of the Sacristy.
www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/Medici_chapels.html
The pose of the central figure on the tomb of Giuliano de' Medici, arms resting at his sides and legs comfortably apart, and its open composition suggest a cheerful duke, generous in both mind and spirit. In fact, the figure holds in his hand several coins, as if an intended gift. Light plays freely on his beautiful face, yet the figure is lacking in energy and seems to wilt under the burden of the Roman armor. Michelangelo did not intend for this sculpture, nor that of Lorenzo, to be a recognizable portrait of the duke, but instead an ideological tribute through its enhanced beauty and dignity.
entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/artwork/michelangelo...
Last Friday I headed west - to the Blue Mountains for a day of exploring and sketching. It was a scorching day of 40C in Sydney but thankfully it was only a bearable 32C up in 'the mountains'. The Blue Mountains are not technically mountains. they are a 'dissected plateau' with the settlement on the narrow ridge bounded by sandstone cliffs on either side. It is famous for the very strong blue colour caused by the eucalypts haze.
I have grown up with day visits and week long trips to the region with a big emphasis on 'bushwalks' (Australian for hikes - or easy hikes). I haven't been on a proper bushwalk for years but it is always nice to see some bush.
My adventures on this day included
Morning cafe visit at Leura
Echo Point and The Three Sisters at Katoomba
Cahills Lookout
High Tea at the Hydro Majestic
Pulpit Rock
Full details on my blog
Kit like assemblage,bricks stacked and slotted tightly into aluminium runners/ rolled up posters of abstract shapes slid into brick holes.Assembled London 1992
Fucking idiots. At this point I was hoping there was no such thing as karma, as if there was any sense in the world this train would have careered off the tracks.
They seem to mis-understand how public transport works, and are hitting the ceiling in order to get the tube train to move. Which is probably their right, or something. It's ALL ABOUT OIL!! ETC!!!!
After a proper British summer (so it was cold and rainy) came yet another September that was really warm and sunny, and let us all relax and enjoy the sunshine for just a few more days. For me, this man sitting on a bench in the front of a pub at Canary Wharf was a personalisation of the last few warm and sunny weekends of the summer, before the autumn arrives.
This is Capstone Cathedral in Paradise Valley, AZ. Growing up in Phoenix during the 1970's I saw many ads for Neil Frisbee, Prayer for the Sick. This was his cathedral which, so far as I can tell, is devoid of Christian symbolism. About 3 years ago I turned into the church parking lot to take some proper photos of it and was immediately set upon by a handful of people who blocked in my car and demanded to know what I was doing there. When I explained why I was there they were suspicious but let me go. In the 5+ years I've been taking photos that is closest I've come to being in danger.
And why not just look at the places it brings me to! This is Cow Green Reservoir the source of the mighty river Tees and lying between here and my (proper) home near Stockton the Tees waters tumble down the black-rocked cascades of Cauldron Snout, a violent precursor to the even more impressive waterfall of High Force a dozen miles east near Middleton-in-Teesdale; a thoroughly pleasant walk shared by all who trek the Pennine Way or the Teesdale Way. I can remember how the building of the dam created a public outcry during the 1960's but despite a parliamentary inquiry and sustained opposition from conservationists and botanists the construction was given the go-ahead and the reservoir was officially "opened" in 1971. Its about two miles in length and drains a vast catchment area and is about as sparsely populated as any part of England, so the argument seemed persuasive. But this land was host to rare species of alpine flora and a rescue operation was set in hand to physically remove as many plants as possible, from memory of something read earlier about it all, many thousands of plants were saved in this way. The ICI complex and the developing chemical industries downstream at Middlesbrough (where river and sea meet) needed the water, and in economic matters, conservation often gets short shrift. And so it has transpired as now forty odd years later ICI has disappeared from Teesside (and 7,000 jobs with it), and bulk chemical production in Middlesbrough has gone too in the way of the great Victorian Iron-Masters Balkow and Vaughan before them. Time creates her myriad victims and the Spring Gentians, Mountain Pansies and the lovely Birds Eye Primrose and legions of lesser things have paid their price too. But at least the Tees has been tamed, the dam controls its outflow and the regular floods of yesteryear have been banished from the life-cycle of the communities along the river's banks, so perhaps a good thing comes out of a bad one?
This is a wonderful place to spend the night. The head-wall of the dam can just be seen at the end of the reservoir, beneath it Cauldron Snout descends to the gentler terrain of upper Teesdale where farming and sheep have knocked nineteenth century lead-mining from the top perch in the economic pecking-order. This dun-moorland landscape is if not all; then substantially owned by the Raby Estate whose tenants are required to keep their farmsteads whitewashed and these attractive buildings prominent among the rough upland browns and more fertile greens of the intakes and valleys have become a symbol of this Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and that's a designation not to be argued with.
As for the camping it lived up to the promise of its position, I got the mandatory brew going and watched over the stilled water as grades of grey evening edged the receding blue into the darkening night sky, and the Curlews sang, some Swans flying to roost honked their contact litany, a Snipe drummed while Oyster Catchers piped out the fading day and unison of all common things combined in wide and open splendour. I love my bike.
Just a fun little shoot I did at Westgate to showcase the new stance. After a few weeks of adjustments, the stance is finally perfect and I'm now also properly aligned. Eddie @ Bullitt Automotive did an incredible job on the alignment. I'd highly recommend them if you're in the area.
2005 Mazda6 3.0l
TRMotorsport C3 17x9 et48
255/40 Hankook Evo V12's
Front camber: -1.4° | Toe: 0.10°
Rear camber: -1.0° | Toe: 0.10°
It was a proper and defining drive experience in Music City with Goodwood’s ornate collection of Rolls-Royce Black Badges to showcase the rich and historic culture of the British automotive brand. Black Badge editions represent approximately 25% of company sales and currently include three distinct models. Launched two years ago on Wraith and Ghost, the lineup has welcomed Dawn for one of the most elite constellation of custom vehicles man can possibly covet. Who knows, we may even see a future Black Badge variant of the super luxurious Cullinan SUV
Travel Utah’s Beautiful Backcountry Along the Burr Trail
Located just outside the northeast region of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area in Bullfrog, the Burr Trail offers excitement for the adventurous explorer. Views of features like the Henry Mountains, Waterpocket Fold, the red Circle Cliffs, Long Canyon, and Pedestal Alley await the traveler who wishes to explore this interesting road. To fully enjoy the journey always be well prepared. Make sure you have plenty of water, a first aid kit, proper footwear, sunscreen, a hat and a means of communication.
History of the Trail
John Atlantic Burr was born in 1846, during his family’s journey from New York to San Francisco on the SS Brooklyn while sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. Once they arrived, Charles and Sarah Burr then set out to Salt Lake City with their new baby. As part of the early pioneers from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, the Burr family eventually moved south in 1876 and founded the town of Burrville, Utah.
John Burr grew up to be a cattle rancher in the rugged backcountry of Utah. Living in such a desolate area, he needed to develop a route to move his cattle between winter and summer ranges, as well as to market. This cattle trail through the rough, nearly impassible country around the Waterpocket Fold, Burr Canyon, and Muley Twist Canyon came to be known as the Burr Trail.
Source: National Park Service
The stained glass skylight ceiling of the delightful Dom Knigi (the Book House), St Petersberg's largest bookstore. Nevsky prospect 62
English Civil War Society
A celebration of history at Kelmarsh Hall was the backdrop for this impressive reenactment of a Civil War battle.
he Olympic Torch Relay has arrived in Northern Ireland. On Sunday 3 June 2012 it was here in my hometown Bangor Co Down Northern Ireland. Just before 7am on a cool overcast Sunday morning and the town was packed with people wanting to share in this historic moment. Cheers rang out along with applause as the Torch was caried throughout the town.
The present torch is designed by Edward Barber and Jay Osgerby (BarberOsgerby) for the 2012 London Games. Despite a deeply cynical response to the logo and mascots of the London Games, this torch design appears to have been well accepted in the UK and internationally.
The fuel used for the torch has varied. Early torches used solid or liquid fuels, including olive oil. For a particularly bright display, pyrotechnic compounds and even burning metals have been used. Since the Munich Games of 1972, most torches have instead used a liquefied gas such as propylene or a propane/butane mixture. These are easily stored, easily controlled and give a brightly luminous flame.
The number of torches made has varied from, for example, 22 for Helsinki in 1952, 6,200 for the 1980 Moscow Games and 8,000 for the London 2012 Games.
In transit, the flame sometimes travels by air. A version of the miner's safety lamp is used, kept alight in the air. These lamps are also used during the relay, as a back-up in case the primary torch goes out. This has happened before several Games, but the torch is simply re-lit and carries on.
The Olympic Flame is a symbol of the Olympic Games. Commemorating the theft of fire from the Greek god Zeus by Prometheus, its origins lie in ancient Greece, where a fire was kept burning throughout the celebration of the ancient Olympics. The fire was reintroduced at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, and it has been part of the modern Olympic Games ever since.
In contrast to the Olympic flame proper, the torch relay of modern times which transports the flame from Greece to the various designated sites of the games had no ancient precedent and was introduced by Carl Diem at the controversial 1936 Berlin Olympics.
as I am feeling unwell and because finally sun shines across window I'm having proper tea this morning...in bed
dairy products or badgers, your choice. Boycott welsh dairy products, tell the retailers, producers & if you live in Wales your area & regional candidates for the senedd.
Newport Beach Rug Cleaning
Newport Beach Carpet & Rug Cleaners has a full service rug cleaning facility in the heart of Orange County. We specialize in servicing Newport Beach with there area rug cleanings. We offer free pick up and delivery for Newport Beach and direct surrounding cities of Orange County. We also offer 20% off if you decide to drop off your area rug with us. Our cleaning facility takes care of the most simple rugs to the most high end and difficult area rugs.
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www.carpet-cleaning-huntington-newport-beach.com/newport-...
www.la.bbb.org/business-reviews/Janitorial-Services/Orang...
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Cleaning commercial type carpets in Newport Beach require experience, and the right tools. We are sensitive to the way your Newport Beach business operates. It's important to project a clean, and organized environment to your customers. This is a first impression to how your business is ran. Let us take care of your carpets or flooring at your Newport Beach place of business.
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The Centre-of-Gravity of the payload marked on the BIM module.
MASER 13 Launch Campaign
Swedish Space Corporation, ESRANGE, Kiruna, Sweden
Disclaimer: Comments and photos that I post on my Flickr account are my own personally and do not necessarily reflect the official positions, outreach or opinions of my employer (ESA), or its affiliates, or any other organisations depicted here. I provide these images purely with the intention of sharing with interested parties in order to contribute to promotion of ESA activities.
This is the second time I've imaged M42 as a bit of a go after a main session, this time it was less than an hour before the dawn twilight. The resolution is a bit muted due to its low altitude in the southwestern sky. I shall have to have a proper go at it soon!
Date: November 13 2013
Integration: 50 x 60 seconds
Canon Rebel T3i / 600D/ Kiss X5 - astro-modded.
Telescope: Officina Stellare APO APM130 -780.
Astronomik's Ha 12nm Clip Filter.
Mounted on a SkyWatcher NEQ6 Pro Mount.
Guiding: Skywatcher Startravel 80/ QHY5 Guider
Imaged at Waterlooville, UK.
The 70th Liberation Day
August 15, 2015
Sejong Center and Gwanghwamun Square, Seoul
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
Korean Culture and Information Service
Korea.net (www.korea.net)
Official Photographer : Jeon Han
All photographs in the official Flickr account of the Republic of Korea are available only for publication by news organizations and/or for public purposes with proper attribution to the correct source (photographer and organizations mentioned above).
Any distortion to the original meaning of a photograph for provision to a third party through posting and resale, partial reproduction, falsification or use of the photograph with other images is strictly prohibited without the express written permission of the government of the Republic of Korea.
Thank you.
-------------------------------------------------
제70주년 광복절 중앙경축식
2015-08-15
세종문화회관 및 광화문 광장
문화체육관광부
해외문화홍보원
코리아넷
전한
플리커 채널 'Republic of Korea'에 게재되는 대한민국정부 사진은 올바른 저작권 이름 (촬영자 / 상기 명기된 기관)으로 표기한 이후 보도 혹은 공익목적으로 사용하실 수 있습니다.
의미를 왜곡하는 맥락에서 사진을 게시하고 재판매, 부분 복제, 변조 또는 다른 이미지에 통합하는 것과 같은 사진의 모든 수정, 자료를 제3자에게 제공하는 것은 대한민국정부(운영자/저작권자)의 명시적인 허가 없이 금지됩니다.