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Récolteur : Jules Cimon
Date de récolte: 2009.06.03
Substrat: écorce, bois nu, feuilles et ailes de fruit d'érable
Subiculum blanchâtre
Asques cylindriques, à 8 spores bisériées, avec crochet à la base et appareil apical fortement amyloïde, 90-100 x 9-10 µm
Paraphyses cylindriques, septées, contenant des globules, 105-115 x 2-3 µm, dépassant les asques de 5-10 µm
Spores ellipsoïdes-fusoïdes, à 3 septa, avec appendice gélatineux facilement inaperçu aux extrémités, légèrement jaunâtres en H2O, 19-25 x 4-5 µm, 21,8 x 4,3 µm en moyenne(20 spores), Q = 5,07
Medulla formé de cellules polymorphes, ellipsoïdes, globuleuses à ± cylindriques
Poils cylindriques, septés, contenus dans une gaine de cristaux jaune-roux vif, jusqu'à 300 µm x 4-5 µm
Subiculum formé d'hyphes à paroi mince, hyalines à légèrement jaunâtres, parfois finement incrustées, 3-4 µm de diam.
Identification : John Plischke & Dick Korf
Stony corals & colonial tunicates in Florida, USA. (December 2013)
The small whitish structures at the center of this photo are stony coral skeletons. The surrounding gelatinous material represents colonial tunicates. The corals and tunicates are encrusting a large Atrina pen shell that was beached on a marine shoreline in Florida.
Stony corals are essentially solitary or colonial sea anemones that make a hard skeleton of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Modern stony corals have skeletons of aragonite, but many fossil stony corals have calcite skeletons (aragonite and calcite are polymorphs of CaCO3).
Tunicates are sessile, benthic, filter-feeding invertebrates. They are chordates, but they lack a backbone. As juveniles, tunicates are free-swimming and elongated. During this stage of their ontogeny, tunicates possess a notochord, which makes them members of Phylum Chordata. They are not vertebrates because they lack a backbone, so they are assigned to Subphylum Urochordata (also known as Subphylum Tunicata, but the latter name is an objective junior synonym of Urochordata).
Classification of stony corals: Animalia, Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia
Classification of tunicates: Animalia, Chordata, Urochordata
Locality: Fishing Pier beach, northern shoreline of the eastern end of Sanibel Island, southwestern Florida, USA
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More tunicates info. at:
Obsidian in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Glassy-textured rocks have no crystals at all. They form by very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. Most obsidians form by the latter. Obsidian can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or alkaline in chemistry. Most are felsic to intermediate.
A famous locality in North America is Obsidian Cliff at Yellowstone, Wyoming. It is a Pleistocene-aged lava flow with the chemistry of rhyolite (= a light-colored, felsic, aphanitic, extrusive igneous rock). The cliff itself shows columnar jointing. The rocks principally range from aphyric rhyolitic obsidian to partially devitrified rhyolitic obsidian. Lithophysae are sometimes present. Extremely small, microscopic crystals are present - they can be seen in thin sections. Some samples are reported to have small olivine phenocrysts. Small clusters of crystals, composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, are sometimes present.
Many of the whitish-colored spots and bands running through most Obsidian Cliff rock samples are areas of devitrification. Glass is unstable on geologic times scales and it slowly crystallizes. The light-colored spots and bands are now non-glassy. Spotted, partially devitrified obsidian is known by the rockhound term "snowflake obsidian" (see: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/16561606417). The spots are composed of silica (SiO2), but are not quartz. Rather, they are composed of a polymorph of quartz - cristobalite.
Stratigraphy: Roaring Mountain Member, Plateau Rhyolite, Upper Pleistocene, ~59 ka
Locality: loose boulder near the base of Obsidian Cliff, Yellowstone National Park, northwestern Wyoming, USA
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Age & some lithologic info. from:
Wooton (2010) - Age and Petrogenesis of the Roaring Mountain Rhyolites, Yellowstone Volcanic Field, Wyoming. M.S. thesis. University of Nevada at Las Vegas. 296 pp.
[order] Cuculiformes | [family] Cuculidae | [latin] Cuculus canorus | [UK] Cuckoo | [FR] Coucou gris | [DE] Kuckuck | [ES] Cuco Europeo | [IT] Cuculo eurasiatico | [NL] Koekoek | [IRL] Cuach
Measurements
spanwidth min.: 54 cm
spanwidth max.: 60 cm
size min.: 32 cm
size max.: 36 cm
Breeding
incubation min.: 11 days
incubation max.: 12 days
fledging min.: 17 days
fledging max.: 17 days
broods 15
eggs min.: 1
eggs max.: 25
Status: Widespread summer visitor to Ireland from April to August.
Conservation Concern: Green-listed in Ireland. The European population is currently evaluated as secure.
Identification: Despite its obvious song, relatively infrequently seen. In flight, can be mistaken for a bird of prey such as Sparrowhawk, but has rapid wingbeats below the horizontal plane - ie. the wings are not raised above the body. Adult male Cuckoos are a uniform grey on the head, neck, back, wings and tail. The underparts are white with black barring. Adult females can appear in one of two forms. The so-called grey-morph resembles the adult male plumage, but has throat and breast barred black and white with yellowish wash. The rufous-morph has the grey replaced by rufous, with strong black barring on the wings, back and tail. Juvenile Cuckoos resemble the female rufous-morph, but are darker brown above.
Similar Species: Sparrowhawk
Call: The song is probably one of the most recognisable and well-known of all Irish bird species. The male gives a distinctive “wuck-oo”, which is occasionally doubled “wuck-uck-ooo”. The female has a distinctive bubbling “pupupupu”. The song period is late April to late June.
Diet: Mainly caterpillars and other insects.
Breeding: Widespread in Ireland, favouring open areas which hold their main Irish host species – Meadow Pipit. Has a remarkable breeding biology unlike any other Irish breeding species.
Wintering: Cuckoos winter in central and southern Africa.
To minimise the chance of being recognised and thus attacked by the birds they are trying to parasitize, female cuckoos have evolved different guises.
The common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) lays its eggs in the nests of other birds. On hatching, the young cuckoo ejects the host's eggs and chicks from the nest, so the hosts end up raising a cuckoo chick rather than a brood of their own. To fight back, reed warblers (a common host across Europe) have a first line of defence: they attack, or ‘mob’, the female cuckoo, which reduces the chance that their nest is parasitized.
To deter the warbler from attacking, the colouring of the grey cuckoo mimics sparrow hawks, a common predator of reed warblers. However, other females are bright rufous (brownish-red). The presence of alternate colour morphs in the same species is rare in birds, but frequent among the females of parasitic cuckoo species. The new research shows that this is another cuckoo trick: cuckoos combat reed warbler mobbing by coming in different guises.
In the study, the researchers manipulated local frequencies of the more common grey colour cuckoo and the less common (in the United Kingdom) rufous colour cuckoo by placing models of the birds at neighbouring nests. They then recorded how the experience of watching their neighbours mob changed reed warbler responses to both cuckoos and a sparrow hawk at their own nest.
They found that reed warblers increased their mobbing, but only to the cuckoo morph that their neighbours had mobbed. Therefore, as one cuckoo morph increases in frequency, local host populations will become alerted specifically to that morph. This means the alternate morph will be more likely to slip past host defences and lay undetected. This is the first time that ‘social learning’ has been documented in the evolution of mimicry as well as the evolution of different observable characteristics - such as colour - in the same species (called polymorphism).
From the University of Cambridge “When mimicry becomes less effective, evolving to look completely different can be a successful trick. Our research shows that individuals assess disguises not only from personal experience, but also by observing others. However, because their learning is so specific, this social learning then selects for alternative cuckoo disguises and the arms race continues.”.
“It’s well known that cuckoos have evolved various egg types which mimic those of their hosts in order to combat rejection. This research shows that cuckoos have also evolved alternate female morphs to sneak through the hosts' defenses. This explains why many species which use mimicry, such as the cuckoo, evolve different guises.”
Redundosexuality©, copyrighting and considering a whole new option, in a 'Proud to be Redundant' sort of way. Of course the flag would have to be white stripes on the same white background. Applications accepted regardless of gender identity, or 'Assignment at Birth'. Post-mature applicants preferred, though this is flexible(ish).
The Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), also known as the European Starling or just Starling, is a passerine bird in the family Sturnidae.
This species of starling is native to most of temperate Europe and western Asia. It is resident in southern and western Europe and southwestern Asia, while northeastern populations migrate south and west in winter to these regions, and also further south to areas where it does not breed in Iberia and north Africa. It has also been introduced to Australia, Argentina, New Zealand, North America, and South Africa.
Taxonomy
In the genus Sturnus, the Common Starling is the type species, the one with all the typical characteristics of its genus.[dubious – discuss] It is in this genus that the terrestrial feeding technique of open-bill probing is most advanced;[citation needed] the technique involves prying into the ground by inserting and opening the bill as a way of searching for hidden food items. Common Starlings have the physical traits that enable them to use this feeding technique, which has undoubtedly helped the species spread far and wide.[1]
Along with Sturnus vulgaris, the Sturnus genus includes a number of species which are apparently more-or-less distantly related, but some contend that if the taxonomy is to be based on natural evolutionary grouping, then only the European and Spotless Starling ought to be grouped together.[2]
[edit] Subspecies
S. v. faroensis on the Faroe Islands
S. v. porphyronotus
There are several subspecies of the European Starling, which vary in the iridescence of adult plumage. With gradual variation over geographic range and extensive intergradation, the subspecies are said to be clinal. Acceptance of different subspecies varies between different authorities.[3][4][5][6]
Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758. Common Starling. Most of Europe, except the far northwest and far southeast; also Iceland and the Canary Islands, where it is a recent colonist. Introduced populations worldwide also belong to this subspecies.
Nominate subspecies. The gloss is green on the head, belly and lower back, bronzy purple on the neck to upper chest and back, and purplish on the flanks and upper wing-coverts. Inconspicuous light buff fringes are present on the under wing-coverts. In eastern parts of range, more purplish and less bronzy gloss.
Sturnus vulgaris faroensis Feilden, 1872. Faroese Starling; sometimes misspelt faeroensis or faroeensis. Faroe Islands.
Slightly larger than nominate, especially bill and feet. Adult with darker and duller green gloss and far less spotting even in fresh plumage. Juvenile sooty black with whitish chin and areas on belly; throat spotted black.
Sturnus vulgaris zetlandicus Hartert, 1918. Shetland Starling. Shetland Islands.
Like faroensis but intermediate in size between that and vulgaris. Birds from Fair Isle, St Kilda and the Outer Hebrides are intermediate between this subspecies and the nominate and placement with vulgarisor zetlandicus varies according to authority. Dark juveniles are occasionally found in Scotland and southwards, indicating some gene flow from faroensis or an original polymorphism that became dominant in faroensis.
Sturnus vulgaris granti Hartert, 1903. Azores Starling. Azores.
Like nominate, but smaller, especially feet. Often strong purple gloss on upperparts.
Sturnus vulgaris poltaratskyi (Finsch, 1878). Eastern Bashkortostan eastwards through Urals and central Siberia, to Lake Baykal and western Mongolia.
Like nominate, but gloss on head predominantly purple, on back green, on flanks usually purplish-blue, on upper wing-coverts bluish-green. In flight, conspicuous light cinnamon-buff fringes to under wing-coverts and axillaries; these areas may appear very pale in fresh plumage.
Sturnus vulgaris tauricus Buturlin, 1904. From Crimea and E of Dnieper River eastwards around coast of Black Sea to W Asia Minor, though not in uplands where replaced by purpurascens.
Like nominate, but decidedly long-winged. Gloss of head green, of body bronze-purple, of flanks and upper wing-coverts greenish bronze. Underwing blackish with pale fringes of coverts. Nearly spotless in breeding plumage.
Sturnus vulgaris purpurascens Gould, 1868. E Turkey to Tbilisi and Lake Sevan, in uplands on E shore of Black sea replacing tauricus.
Like nominate, but wing longer and green gloss restricted to ear-coverts, neck and upper chest. Purple gloss elsewehere except on flanks and upper wing-coverts where more bronzy. Dark underwing with slim white fringes to coverts.
Sturnus vulgaris caucasicus Lorenz, 1887. Volga Delta through eastern Caucasus and adjacent areas.
Green gloss on head and back, purple gloss on neck and belly, more bluish on upper wing-coverts. Underwing like purpurascens.
Sturnus vulgaris porphyronotus (Sharpe, 1888). Western Central Asia, grading into poltaratskyi between Dzungarian Alatau and Altai.
Very similar to tauricus but smaller and completely allopatric, being separated by purpurascens, caucasicus and nobilior.
Sturnus vulgaris nobilior (Hume, 1879). Afghanistan, SE Turkmenistan and adjacent Uzbekistan to E Iran.
Like purpurascens but smaller and wing shorter; ear-coverts glossed purple, and underside and upperwing gloss quite reddish.
Sturnus vulgaris humii (Brooks, 1876). Kashmir to Nepal.
Small; purple gloss restricted to neck area and sometimes flanks to tail-coverts, otherwise glossed green.
Sturnus vulgaris minor (Hume, 1873). Sind Starling. Pakistan.
Small; green gloss restricted to head and lower belly and back, otherwise glossed purple.
Several other forms have been named, but are generally no longer considered valid. Most are intergrades from where the ranges of various subspecies meet.[5]
S. v. ruthenus Menzbier, 1891 and S. v. jitkowi Buturlin, 1904 are intergrades between vulgaris and poltaratskyi from western Russia.
S. v. graecus Tschusi, 1905 and S. v. balcanicus Buturlin and Harms, 1909 are intergrades between vulgaris and tauricus from the southern Balkans to central Ukraine (where there is some intergradation with poltaratskyi too) and throughout Greece to the Bosporus.
S. v. heinrichi Stresemann, 1928 is an intergrade between caucasicus and nobilior in northern Iran.
S. v. persepolis Ticehurst, 1928 from southern Iran (Fars Province) is very similar to vulgaris; it is not clear whether it is a distinct resident population of simply migrants from southeastern Europe.
JML02165 CMMF010578
Conocybe rugueux
Anc. nom. : Conocybe rugosa
Basides clavées, à 4 stérigmates, bouclées à la base
Spores ellipsoides, lisses, à pore germinatif distinct, jaunes, 9,5-12 x 5-7 µm, 10,2 x 5,4 µm en moyenne (25 spores), Q.: 1,89
Cheilocystides polymorphes, cylindriques, étroitement à largement lagéniformes, fusoïdes, clavées, ventrues, 29-35 x 8-14 µm
Pleurocystides absentes
Caulocystides apicales de morphologie variable, souvent en faisceaux
Pileipellis hyméniforme-épithélial, formé de cellules clavées à globuleuses, avec parfois un long pédicelle, pigmenté de jaune, 22-60 x 30-45 µm
Recherche et révision des travaux (microscopie): R. Labbé
Étude microscopique, microphotographie et identification: J. Labrecque
Macroscopie:
www.flickr.com/photos/19369983@N06/3951843466/in/datepost...
[order] Cuculiformes | [family] Cuculidae | [latin] Cuculus canorus | [UK] Cuckoo | [FR] Coucou gris | [DE] Kuckuck | [ES] Cuco Europeo | [IT] Cuculo eurasiatico | [NL] Koekoek | [IRL] Cuach
Measurements
spanwidth min.: 54 cm
spanwidth max.: 60 cm
size min.: 32 cm
size max.: 36 cm
Breeding
incubation min.: 11 days
incubation max.: 12 days
fledging min.: 17 days
fledging max.: 17 days
broods 15
eggs min.: 1
eggs max.: 25
Status: Widespread summer visitor to Ireland from April to August.
Conservation Concern: Green-listed in Ireland. The European population is currently evaluated as secure.
Identification: Despite its obvious song, relatively infrequently seen. In flight, can be mistaken for a bird of prey such as Sparrowhawk, but has rapid wingbeats below the horizontal plane - ie. the wings are not raised above the body. Adult male Cuckoos are a uniform grey on the head, neck, back, wings and tail. The underparts are white with black barring. Adult females can appear in one of two forms. The so-called grey-morph resembles the adult male plumage, but has throat and breast barred black and white with yellowish wash. The rufous-morph has the grey replaced by rufous, with strong black barring on the wings, back and tail. Juvenile Cuckoos resemble the female rufous-morph, but are darker brown above.
Similar Species: Sparrowhawk
Call: The song is probably one of the most recognisable and well-known of all Irish bird species. The male gives a distinctive “wuck-oo”, which is occasionally doubled “wuck-uck-ooo”. The female has a distinctive bubbling “pupupupu”. The song period is late April to late June.
Diet: Mainly caterpillars and other insects.
Breeding: Widespread in Ireland, favouring open areas which hold their main Irish host species – Meadow Pipit. Has a remarkable breeding biology unlike any other Irish breeding species.
Wintering: Cuckoos winter in central and southern Africa.
To minimise the chance of being recognised and thus attacked by the birds they are trying to parasitize, female cuckoos have evolved different guises.
The common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) lays its eggs in the nests of other birds. On hatching, the young cuckoo ejects the host's eggs and chicks from the nest, so the hosts end up raising a cuckoo chick rather than a brood of their own. To fight back, reed warblers (a common host across Europe) have a first line of defence: they attack, or ‘mob’, the female cuckoo, which reduces the chance that their nest is parasitized.
To deter the warbler from attacking, the colouring of the grey cuckoo mimics sparrow hawks, a common predator of reed warblers. However, other females are bright rufous (brownish-red). The presence of alternate colour morphs in the same species is rare in birds, but frequent among the females of parasitic cuckoo species. The new research shows that this is another cuckoo trick: cuckoos combat reed warbler mobbing by coming in different guises.
In the study, the researchers manipulated local frequencies of the more common grey colour cuckoo and the less common (in the United Kingdom) rufous colour cuckoo by placing models of the birds at neighbouring nests. They then recorded how the experience of watching their neighbours mob changed reed warbler responses to both cuckoos and a sparrow hawk at their own nest.
They found that reed warblers increased their mobbing, but only to the cuckoo morph that their neighbours had mobbed. Therefore, as one cuckoo morph increases in frequency, local host populations will become alerted specifically to that morph. This means the alternate morph will be more likely to slip past host defences and lay undetected. This is the first time that ‘social learning’ has been documented in the evolution of mimicry as well as the evolution of different observable characteristics - such as colour - in the same species (called polymorphism).
From the University of Cambridge “When mimicry becomes less effective, evolving to look completely different can be a successful trick. Our research shows that individuals assess disguises not only from personal experience, but also by observing others. However, because their learning is so specific, this social learning then selects for alternative cuckoo disguises and the arms race continues.”.
“It’s well known that cuckoos have evolved various egg types which mimic those of their hosts in order to combat rejection. This research shows that cuckoos have also evolved alternate female morphs to sneak through the hosts' defenses. This explains why many species which use mimicry, such as the cuckoo, evolve different guises.”
To view more of my images, of Rhinoceros, please click "here" ! Click any image to view large!
Rhinoceros, often abbreviated to rhino, is a group of five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae. Two of these species are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia. Members of the rhinoceros family are characterized by their large size (they are some of the largest remaining megafauna, with all of the species able to reach one tonne or more in weight); as well as by an herbivorous diet; a thick protective skin, 1.5–5 cm thick, formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure; relatively small brains for mammals this size (400–600 g); and a large horn. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter, if necessary. Unlike other perissodactyls, the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths, relying instead on their lips to pluck food. Rhinoceros are killed by humans for their horns, which are bought and sold on the black market, and which are used by some cultures for ornamental or traditional medicinal purposes. East Asia, specifically Vietnam, is the largest market for rhino horns. By weight, rhino horns cost as much as gold on the black market. People grind up the horns and then consume them believing the dust has therapeutic properties. The horns are made of keratin, the same type of protein that makes up hair and fingernails. Both African species and the Sumatran rhinoceros have two horns, while the Indian and Javan rhinoceros have a single horn. The IUCN Red List identifies three of the species as critically endangered. The word rhinoceros is derived through Latin from the Ancient Greek: ῥῑνόκερως, which is composed of ῥῑνο- (rhino-, "nose") and κέρας (keras, "horn"). The plural in English is rhinoceros or rhinoceroses. The collective noun for a group of rhinoceroses is crash or herd. The name has been in use since the 14th century. The family Rhinocerotidae consists of only four extant genera: Ceratotherium (White rhinoceros), Dicerorhinus (Sumatran rhinoceros), Diceros (Black rhinoceros) and Rhinoceros (Indian and Javan rhinoceros). The living species fall into three categories. The two African species, the white rhinoceros and the black rhinoceros, belong to the tribe Dicerotini, which originated in the middle Miocene, about 14.2 million years ago. The species diverged during the early Pliocene (about 5 million years ago). The main difference between black and white rhinos is the shape of their mouths – white rhinos have broad flat lips for grazing, whereas black rhinos have long pointed lips for eating foliage. There are two living Rhinocerotini species, the Indian rhinoceros and the Javan rhinoceros, which diverged from one another about 10 million years ago. The Sumatran rhinoceros is the only surviving representative of the most primitive group, the Dicerorhinini, which emerged in the Miocene (about 20 million years ago). A subspecific hybrid white rhino (Ceratotherium s. simum × C. s. cottoni) was bred at the Dvůr Králové Zoo (Zoological Garden Dvur Kralove nad Labem) in the Czech Republic in 1977. Interspecific hybridisation of black and white rhinoceros has also been confirmed. While the black rhinoceros has 84 chromosomes (diploid number, 2N, per cell), all other rhinoceros species have 82 chromosomes. However, chromosomal polymorphism might lead to varying chromosome counts. For instance, in a study there were three northern white rhinoceroses with 81 chromosomes. There are two subspecies of white rhinoceros: the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) and the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni). As of 2013, the southern subspecies has a wild population of 20,405 – making them the most abundant rhino subspecies in the world. However, the northern subspecies was critically endangered, with as few as four individuals in the wild; the possibility of complete extinction in the wild having been noted since June 2008. Five are known to be held in captivity, one of which resides at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. Four born in a zoo in the Czech Republic were transferred to a wildlife refuge in Kenya in December 2009, in an effort to have the animals reproduce and save the subspecies. There is no conclusive explanation of the name white rhinoceros. A popular theory that "white" is a distortion of either the Afrikaans word wyd or the Dutch word wijd (or its other possible spellings whyde, weit, etc.,) meaning wide and referring to the rhino's square lips is not supported by linguistic studies. The white rhino has an immense body and large head, a short neck and broad chest. Females weigh 1,600 kg (4,000 lb) and males 2,400 kg (5,000 lb). the head-and-body length is 3.5–4.6 m (11–15 ft) and a shoulder height of 1.8–2 m (5.9–6.6 ft). On its snout it has two horns. The front horn is larger than the other horn and averages 90 cm (35 in) in length and can reach 150 cm (59 in). The white rhinoceros also has a prominent muscular hump that supports its relatively large head. The colour of this animal can range from yellowish brown to slate grey. Most of its body hair is found on the ear fringes and tail bristles, with the rest distributed rather sparsely over the rest of the body. White rhinos have the distinctive flat broad mouth that is used for grazing.
Chairlift @ Lollapalooza 2016, Grant Park, Chicago, IL, on Saturday, July 30, 2016.
Lollapalooza 2016 Setlist:
Look Up
Polymorphing
Amanaemonesia
I Belong in Your Arms
Show U Off
Romeo
Crying In Public
Moth to the Flame
Ch-Ching
Get Real
Angiopteris itoi (W.C. Shieh) J.M. Camus, Proc. Int. Symp. Pterid. (1988) 35. 1988 [1989].
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Synonyms:
Archangiopteris itoi W.C. Shieh, J. Jap. Bot. 45(6): 165, f. 2-3. 1970.
family Marattiaceae 合囊蕨科 リュウビンタイ科
Chinese name: 伊藤氏原始觀音座蓮
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Endemic in Taiwan. Critically endangered species, very rare. Habitat in broadleaf forest (Knapp, 2011).
Distributed in Wulai (烏來) in New Taipei City, and Lianhuachi (or Lianhwachi, 蓮華池) in Nantou county. However, the Lianhuachi population was extinct, and the Wulai population only have about 18 individuals (Hsu et al., 2000).
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An cultivated individual at Yun Hsien Resort, Wulai area, New Taipei City, Taiwan. There is also the place which the native population has been found.
攝於台灣 新北市 烏來區 雲仙樂園。
2013/07/29
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References:
1. Hsu, T.W., S.J. Moore, and T.Y Chiang (2000) Low RAPD polymorphism in Archangiopteris itoi, a rare and endemic fern in Taiwan. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 41: 15-18.
2. Knapp,R. (2011) Ferns and fern allies of Taiwan. KBCC press and Yuan-Liou publishing, Taipei, Taiwan.
3. 郭城孟 (2001) 蕨類圖鑒1基礎常見篇. 遠流出版事業股份有限公司, 台北.
4. Flora of Taiwan, 2nd ed.: tai2.ntu.edu.tw/ebook/ebookpage.php?volume=1&book=Fl....
5. Plants of Taiwan: tai2.ntu.edu.tw/PlantInfo/species-name.php?code=107%20002...
6. Tropicos: www.tropicos.org/Name/50050352
Opening night of the show "Polymorph" by Katya Usvitsky, at The One Well, Greenpoint, Brooklyn, NYC. See press coverage here. The work will be on display/for sale through November 4th.
Maximum parsimony phylogeny of 35 MST genotypes for Coxiella burnetii.
This phylogenetic tree has a homoplasy index of 0.0909 and was drawn as described in the methods and results using the 112 polymorphisms listed in Table S1. The 34 MST genotypes and their positions on the phylogeny are given along with a novel MST genotype derived from in silico analysis of the whole genome sequence Dugway 5J108–111. The remaining six whole genome sequences are shown in blue text alongside their corresponding MST genotype as determined by in silico analysis, however analyses of MSU Goat and African Q revealed alleles at only 9 of 10 loci, therefore they are assigned to their most likely MST genotype. Our alignments showed no differences between MST genotypes 14 and 15. Stars indicate the 14 branches that were targeted for assay development. Our predicted genomic groups based on Hendrix et al. [10] are highlighted along with the total number of samples (n) from our study that genotyped into these groups.
Obsidian in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Glassy-textured rocks have no crystals at all. They form by very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. Most obsidians form by the latter. Obsidian can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or alkaline in chemistry. Most are felsic to intermediate.
A famous locality in North America is Obsidian Cliff at Yellowstone, Wyoming. It is a Pleistocene-aged lava flow with the chemistry of rhyolite (= a light-colored, felsic, aphanitic, extrusive igneous rock). The cliff itself shows columnar jointing, which formed by cooling and contraction. The rocks principally range from black-colored, aphyric rhyolitic obsidian to partially devitrified rhyolitic obsidian. Lithophysae are sometimes present. Extremely small, microscopic crystals are present - they can be seen in thin sections. Some samples are reported to have small olivine phenocrysts. Small clusters of crystals, composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, are sometimes present.
Many of the whitish-colored spots and bands running through most Obsidian Cliff rock samples are areas of devitrification. Glass is unstable on geologic times scales and it slowly crystallizes. The light-colored spots and bands are now non-glassy. Spotted, partially devitrified obsidian is known by the rockhound term "snowflake obsidian" (see: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/16561606417). The spots are composed of silica (SiO2), but are not quartz. Rather, they are composed of a polymorph of quartz - cristobalite.
Why does Obsidian Cliff here not look black and glassy? The rocks are weathered, partially devitrified, and considerably lichen-covered. Classic, black, glassy obsidian can be seen in some of the boulders along the road.
Stratigraphy: Roaring Mountain Member, Plateau Rhyolite, Upper Pleistocene, ~59 ka
Locality: Obsidian Cliff, eastern edge of Obsidian Creek Valley, Yellowstone National Park, northwestern Wyoming, USA
----------------------
Age & some lithologic info. from:
Wooton (2010) - Age and Petrogenesis of the Roaring Mountain Rhyolites, Yellowstone Volcanic Field, Wyoming. M.S. thesis. University of Nevada at Las Vegas. 296 pp.
...is one unique tattoo. Clearly an homage to "Freud’s Perverse Polymorph (Bulgarian Child Eating a Rat)" painted by Salvador Dali.
((Seen a couple of weeks ago at the Movies in the Park event.))
Agatized coral from the Tertiary of Georgia, USA.
Parts of Georgia and Florida are known for having geodized, agatized corals. The original coral skeletons were composed of aragonite (CaCO3, calcium carbonate), a polymorph of calcite. The fossil corals have since been silicified and geodized, resulting in chalcedony-lined cavities / vugs.
Stratigraphy: supposedly from marine sedimentary rocks in the Hawthorn Group, Tertiary
Locality: undisclosed / unrecorded site attributed to the Withlacoochee River, near the Georgia-Florida border, far-southern Georgia, USA
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Info. at:
Obsidian in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Glassy-textured rocks have no crystals at all. They form by very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. Most obsidians form by the latter. Obsidian can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or alkaline in chemistry. Most are felsic to intermediate.
A famous locality in North America is Obsidian Cliff at Yellowstone, Wyoming. It is a Pleistocene-aged lava flow with the chemistry of rhyolite (= a light-colored, felsic, aphanitic, extrusive igneous rock). The cliff itself shows columnar jointing, which formed by cooling and contraction. The rocks principally range from black-colored, aphyric rhyolitic obsidian to partially devitrified rhyolitic obsidian. Lithophysae are sometimes present. Extremely small, microscopic crystals are present - they can be seen in thin sections. Some samples are reported to have small olivine phenocrysts. Small clusters of crystals, composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, are sometimes present.
Many of the whitish-colored spots and bands running through most Obsidian Cliff rock samples are areas of devitrification. Glass is unstable on geologic times scales and it slowly crystallizes. The light-colored spots and bands are now non-glassy. Spotted, partially devitrified obsidian is known by the rockhound term "snowflake obsidian" (see: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/16561606417). The spots are composed of silica (SiO2), but are not quartz. Rather, they are composed of a polymorph of quartz - cristobalite.
Why does Obsidian Cliff here not look black and glassy? The rocks are weathered, partially devitrified, and considerably lichen-covered. Classic, black, glassy obsidian can be seen in some of the boulders along the road.
Stratigraphy: Roaring Mountain Member, Plateau Rhyolite, Upper Pleistocene, ~59 ka
Locality: Obsidian Cliff, eastern edge of Obsidian Creek Valley, Yellowstone National Park, northwestern Wyoming, USA
----------------------
Age & some lithologic info. from:
Wooton (2010) - Age and Petrogenesis of the Roaring Mountain Rhyolites, Yellowstone Volcanic Field, Wyoming. M.S. thesis. University of Nevada at Las Vegas. 296 pp.
Récolté par Jules Cimon
Substrat : bille de feuillu au sol, décortiquée et décomposée; grégaire
Myxocarpe : sporocarpe stipité, jusqu’à 1 mm de hauteur totale
Sporocyste 0,46 mm de diam. x 0,24 mm de hauteur, penché, oblate, convexe, très légèrement aplati sur le dessus, presque plat en dessous, subombiliqué, gris à gris bleuté
Péridium membraneux, lisse au sommet, plissé à la base, hyalin, imprégné de petites particules calcaires globuleuses ou polymorphes blanches, avec reflets irisés bleus, roses et pourprés (stéréo)
Stipe 0,48 mm de hauteur x 0,05 mm de diam. à mi-hauteur, grêle à l’apex, progressivement élargi vers la base, membraneux-mince, plissé, blanchâtre de l’apex jusqu’à mi-hauteur, puis brunâtre et comme enduit d’une substance gélatinisée brun plus foncé à la base
Pseudocolumelle absente
Particules calcaires de 0,64-1,87 x 0,38-1,37 µm et granules sphériques de 0,51-0,98 µm de diam.
Capillitium ± rayonnant de la base vers l’apex, membraneux, fin et à filaments fin et assez longs, parfois anastomosés, hyalins, 0,58-1,47 µm, de diam., et jusqu’à 2,6 µm de diam. près des noeuds, avec nœuds calcaires souvent allongés, fusiformes, blancs ou parfois jaunâtres, petits, 3,45-6,7 x 1,39-4,1 µm
Masse sporale brun noirâtre
Spores globuleuses, verruculeuses, à paroi épaissie, uniguttulées, gris-pourpre à brun-pourpre en amas, à contenu jaune olivâtre pâle, 8,2-12,7 µm de diam., 9,4 µm en moyenne, Q = 1
Recherche: R. Labbé et J. Cimon
Étude et révision des travaux: R. Labbé
Identification: J. Cimon
Confirmation de l'identification: R. Labbé
Étude microscopique et microphotographie: J. Labrecque
www.flickr.com/photos/23151213@N03/37481404792/in/photoli...
Limestone from the Mississippian of Indiana, USA. (field of view ~5.5 centimeters across)
Limestone is a biogenic sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate - usually calcite. Some limestones are composed of aragonite, a polymorph of calcite (e.g., most of the bedrock on Bahamian islands).
The sample seen here is "Indiana Limestone", a trade name for building stone-grade rocks in the Salem Limestone, a Mississippian-aged unit in Indiana. The rock itself is moderately well sorted - it's principally sand-sized fossil fragments ("fossil hash") (click on the photo to zoom in & look around - individual grains can be discerned). Limestones composed of sand-sized grains are called calcarenites ("arenites" are sandstones). If the grains are principally biogenic in origin (= fossils), the rock can be called a biocalcarenite. Observed fossils here include crinoid columnals, bryozoans, brachiopods, and gastropods. Coated grains are common, plus apparent oolites.
Stratigraphy: Salem Limestone, Sanders Group, Middle Mississippian
Locality: unrecorded/undisclosed site at or near the town of Bedford, Lawrence County, southern Indiana, USA
Christian Ubl | Kylie Walters
© Fabienne Gras
JE 28 - VE 29 JANVIER 2016 20H
HEXAGONE SCÈNE NATIONALE ARTS SCIENCES - MEYLAN
Au départ du projet AU, il y a la volonté du chorégraphe autrichien Christian Ubl et de la
chorégraphe australienne Kylie Walters de travailler ensemble et d’interroger la notion d’altérité avec d’autres artistes, notamment le compositeur Seb Martel et le paysagiste Gilles Clément. Un projet porté par l’envie des deux chorégraphes de questionner avec humour les notions déjà présentes dans les précédents volets de ce cycle (notamment Shake it out joué à l’Hexagone
en 2013) : la culture, le vivre ensemble et la tradition. L’intention est d’établir comment et pourquoi « la différence » est un élément constitutif de « l’identité ».
L’écriture de AU est protéiforme, polymorphe, bâtie autour de la posture du trois temps de la valse et des danses traditionnelles aborigènes. Elle ne donne pas à voir la représentation d’une mixité de cultures juxtaposées mais le résultat d’une refonte de racines autrichiennes et australiennes où subsistent les traces des temps anciens, les résidus de codes et de clichés connus. Le choc des représentations conduira à emprunter des chemins détournés, tantôt ceux de l’absurde, tantôt ceux du burlesque, permettant de questionner la généralisation des logiques de déculturation et d’adaptation.
AU — Un code signifiant l’Autriche pour l’un, l’Australie pour l’autre où les erreurs d’acheminement de colis postaux sont fréquents. Un paradoxe, tant les deux pays sont différents.
—
Christian Ubl propose Waouhhhhh ! une randonnée artistique au Col du coq — DI 04 OCT
Rencontre avec l’équipe artistique à l’issue de la représentation — JE 28
—
Productions CUBe association et Cie Ornithorynque (CH). Coproduction (FR) KLAP - Maison pour la danse à Marseille, Ballet national de Marseille, CDC Le Pacifique - prix coproduction (Re)connaissance, Pôle Arts de la scène - Friche belle de mai. Aide à la résidence Trois C-L Luxembourg, CDC Le Pacifique à Grenoble, Théâtre de l’Olivier à Istres, Théâtre Paul Éluard à Choisy, résidence de finalisation KLAP - Maison pour la danse de Marseille. Soutiens Ambassade d’Autriche à Luxembourg - DRAC Provence-Alpes Côte d’Azur, le Conseil général des Bouches-du-Rhône, le Conseil régional PACA (CAC Danse), le Forum culturel autrichien (Paris), ville de Marseille. Soutiens Ambassade d’Australie à Luxembourg, ville de Genève.
Dans le cadre de son exposition « Prototypes du Grand Napotakeu (2) » présentée au Cube jusqu’au 22 juillet, Jérôme Lefdup propose une sélection de ses vidéos réalisées au cours des trente dernières années. Ces vidéos sont autant des témoignages des phénomènes étranges observables dans Le Grand Napotakeu, mais aussi une ode à une de ses créatures les plus représentatives et déjà présente dans certaines pièces de son exposition au Cube : la Glute (et ses cousines Polyglutes, Multiglutes, Métaglutes, etc.).
La projection est suivie par la présentation et la mise en vente du tirage de tête (10 exemplaires) du livre en 5 volumes « Le Grand Napotakeu ». Les visiteurs munis de lecteur de QR-Codes pourront commander sur place les volumes de leur choix.
Une collation amicale après la projection vous convaincra que « les Glutes, c’est super ».
The tripod socket in my mini video camera was only held in by a tiny screw - this came loose and I lost the socket.
There were lots of gaps inside the camera so I used low-temperature thermoplastic (Polymorph, Shapelock) beads one at a time to seal most of them off and fill up much of the space at the sides.
I then dismantled a broken camera to extract the tripod mounting, which was filed to a close fit.
Only needed a thin smear of epoxy on the thermoplastic cavity and mount, so there was no danger of it spreading around inside the camera.
Sorted!
Obsidian in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Glassy-textured rocks have no crystals at all. They form by very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. Most obsidians form by the latter. Obsidian can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or alkaline in chemistry. Most are felsic to intermediate.
A famous locality in North America is Obsidian Cliff at Yellowstone, Wyoming. It is a Pleistocene-aged lava flow with the chemistry of rhyolite (= a light-colored, felsic, aphanitic, extrusive igneous rock). The cliff itself shows columnar jointing, which formed by cooling and contraction. The rocks principally range from black-colored, aphyric rhyolitic obsidian to partially devitrified rhyolitic obsidian. Lithophysae are sometimes present. Extremely small, microscopic crystals are present - they can be seen in thin sections. Some samples are reported to have small olivine phenocrysts. Small clusters of crystals, composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, are sometimes present.
Many of the whitish-colored spots and bands running through most Obsidian Cliff rock samples are areas of devitrification. Glass is unstable on geologic times scales and it slowly crystallizes. The light-colored spots and bands are now non-glassy. Spotted, partially devitrified obsidian is known by the rockhound term "snowflake obsidian" (see: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/16561606417). The spots are composed of silica (SiO2), but are not quartz. Rather, they are composed of a polymorph of quartz - cristobalite.
Why does Obsidian Cliff here not look black and glassy? The rocks are weathered, partially devitrified, and considerably lichen-covered. Classic, black, glassy obsidian can be seen in some of the boulders along the road.
Stratigraphy: Roaring Mountain Member, Plateau Rhyolite, Upper Pleistocene, ~59 ka
Locality: Obsidian Cliff, eastern edge of Obsidian Creek Valley, Yellowstone National Park, northwestern Wyoming, USA
----------------------
Age & some lithologic info. from:
Wooton (2010) - Age and Petrogenesis of the Roaring Mountain Rhyolites, Yellowstone Volcanic Field, Wyoming. M.S. thesis. University of Nevada at Las Vegas. 296 pp.
Obsidian in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Glassy-textured rocks have no crystals at all. They form by very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. Most obsidians form by the latter. Obsidian can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or alkaline in chemistry. Most are felsic to intermediate.
A famous locality in North America is Obsidian Cliff at Yellowstone, Wyoming. It is a Pleistocene-aged lava flow with the chemistry of rhyolite (= a light-colored, felsic, aphanitic, extrusive igneous rock). The cliff itself shows columnar jointing, which formed by cooling and contraction. The rocks principally range from black-colored, aphyric rhyolitic obsidian to partially devitrified rhyolitic obsidian. Lithophysae are sometimes present. Extremely small, microscopic crystals are present - they can be seen in thin sections. Some samples are reported to have small olivine phenocrysts. Small clusters of crystals, composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, are sometimes present.
Many of the whitish-colored spots and bands running through most Obsidian Cliff rock samples are areas of devitrification. Glass is unstable on geologic times scales and it slowly crystallizes. The light-colored spots and bands are now non-glassy. Spotted, partially devitrified obsidian is known by the rockhound term "snowflake obsidian" (see: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/16561606417). The spots are composed of silica (SiO2), but are not quartz. Rather, they are composed of a polymorph of quartz - cristobalite.
Why does Obsidian Cliff here not look black and glassy? The rocks are weathered, partially devitrified, and considerably lichen-covered. Classic, black, glassy obsidian can be seen in some of the boulders along the road.
Stratigraphy: Roaring Mountain Member, Plateau Rhyolite, Upper Pleistocene, ~59 ka
Locality: Obsidian Cliff, eastern edge of Obsidian Creek Valley, Yellowstone National Park, northwestern Wyoming, USA
----------------------
Age & some lithologic info. from:
Wooton (2010) - Age and Petrogenesis of the Roaring Mountain Rhyolites, Yellowstone Volcanic Field, Wyoming. M.S. thesis. University of Nevada at Las Vegas. 296 pp.
Flatsawn ‘ōhi‘a (Metrosideros polymorpha) lumber tends to cup and warp badly, one of the reason you don't see a lot of ‘ōhi‘a cabinets and tables. Hawaii Island, Hawaii.
Obsidian in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Glassy-textured rocks have no crystals at all. They form by very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. Most obsidians form by the latter. Obsidian can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or alkaline in chemistry. Most are felsic to intermediate.
A famous locality in North America is Obsidian Cliff at Yellowstone, Wyoming. It is a Pleistocene-aged lava flow with the chemistry of rhyolite (= a light-colored, felsic, aphanitic, extrusive igneous rock). The cliff itself shows columnar jointing, which formed by cooling and contraction. The rocks principally range from black-colored, aphyric rhyolitic obsidian to partially devitrified rhyolitic obsidian. Lithophysae are sometimes present. Extremely small, microscopic crystals are present - they can be seen in thin sections. Some samples are reported to have small olivine phenocrysts. Small clusters of crystals, composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, are sometimes present.
Many of the whitish-colored spots and bands running through most Obsidian Cliff rock samples are areas of devitrification. Glass is unstable on geologic times scales and it slowly crystallizes. The light-colored spots and bands are now non-glassy. Spotted, partially devitrified obsidian is known by the rockhound term "snowflake obsidian" (see: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/16561606417). The spots are composed of silica (SiO2), but are not quartz. Rather, they are composed of a polymorph of quartz - cristobalite.
Why does Obsidian Cliff here not look black and glassy? The rocks are weathered, partially devitrified, and considerably lichen-covered. Classic, black, glassy obsidian can be seen in some of the boulders along the road.
Stratigraphy: Roaring Mountain Member, Plateau Rhyolite, Upper Pleistocene, ~59 ka
Locality: Obsidian Cliff, eastern edge of Obsidian Creek Valley, Yellowstone National Park, northwestern Wyoming, USA
----------------------
Age & some lithologic info. from:
Wooton (2010) - Age and Petrogenesis of the Roaring Mountain Rhyolites, Yellowstone Volcanic Field, Wyoming. M.S. thesis. University of Nevada at Las Vegas. 296 pp.
Shortcuts to All 20 Morphs:-
01. Green Fingers (Laura-Kate Draws) | 02. The Starry Night (Glen Brooks) | 03. Timeless (Roy Meats) | 04. Meandering Morph (RP Roberts) | 05. Mr Create (Jenny Leonard) | 06. Not So Handy Man (Lei-Mai LeMaow) | 07. Morpheus (Jodie Silverman) | 08. Morph and Friends (Jessica Perrin) | 09. Metamorphosis (Donna Newman) | 10. Polymorphism (Sue Gutherie) | 11. Morph in the Jungle (Amanda Quellin) | 12. Astromorph (Megan Heather Smith-Evans) | 13. Tiger Morph (Sandra Russell) | 14. Mighty Morph (Steve Johnson) |15. Wildermorph (Jina Gelder) | 16. Flora (Lisa Kirkbride) | 17. Tesselate (Jim Edwards) | 18. Fish Ahoy (Ali Elly Design) | 19. A Taste of What's to Come (Emily Ward) | 20. Morph-Code (Glen Brooks)
for wooden blocks go to www.colouricious.com
Colouricious is a source of textile art ideas, and inspirations. To learn more, go to
Jaborosa integrifolia exhibits stigma-height polymorphism. There are individuals with flowers where anthers and stigma are at the same height but the rule is variable herkogamy, the most common type (75%) being that with an exerted stigma. Self- and cross-tubes did not differ in their capability to reach the ovary.There is not autogamy but mostly self-incompatibility. Fruits from controlled cross-pollination showed the highest seed set and seed viability. The nectar sugar is characterized by a similar amount of glucose and fructose, and by the absence of sucrose. Although nectar secretion was continuous throughout the life of the flower, most nectar was secreted during the first 24 h after flower opening.
La Jaborosa integrifolia è una pianta rizomatosa di origine argentina.Cresce eretta e sviluppa un corto fusto che porta una piccola chioma, in genere tondeggiante. Jaborosa integrifolia è un arbusto sempreverde
Les euphorbes (Euphorbia L.), nom féminin, sont des plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Euphorbiacées. Elles possèdent des inflorescences particulières nommées cyathes, particularité que les euphorbes partagent seulement avec quelques genres voisins. Comme toutes les Euphorbiaceae, ce sont des plantes toxiques, qui possèdent un latex parfois très irritant. Ils s'agit d'un genre extrêmement polymorphe, possédant des espèces aux tiges nues et plus ou moins fines et aux feuilles normalement développées et à développement rapide (sous-genre Esula et Chamaesyce ) ; d'autres sont, à l'opposé, succulentes, similaires aux cactus, avec des feuilles souvent très réduites et possédant de puissantes épines ou non (sous-genre Rhizanthium et Euporbia). Elles sont herbacées ou ligneuses selon les espèces.
Chez les espèces du sous-genre Esula (Euphorbia amygdaloides, E. lathyris, E. peplus...) des régions tempérées, l'aspect des plantes fleurissant se modifie beaucoup au fil des jours : les feuilles ont tendance à disparaître à mesure que l'ombelle se développe, la tige rougit, tandis que le fruit, capsule globuleuse à trois loges, émerge très rapidement de l'inflorescence.
Selon Pline l'Ancien, le mot euphorbia viendrait d'Euphorbus, médecin du roi Juba II de Maurétanie.
Danaid Eggfly (Hypolimnas misippus) is a widespread species of nymphalid butterfly. It is well known for polymorphism and mimicry. This mimics the Plain Tiger, Danaus chrysippus to avoid being eaten.
Obsidian in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Glassy-textured rocks have no crystals at all. They form by very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. Most obsidians form by the latter. Obsidian can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or alkaline in chemistry. Most are felsic to intermediate.
A famous locality in North America is Obsidian Cliff at Yellowstone, Wyoming. It is a Pleistocene-aged lava flow with the chemistry of rhyolite (= a light-colored, felsic, aphanitic, extrusive igneous rock). The cliff itself shows columnar jointing, which formed by cooling and contraction. The rocks principally range from black-colored, aphyric rhyolitic obsidian to partially devitrified rhyolitic obsidian. Lithophysae are sometimes present. Extremely small, microscopic crystals are present - they can be seen in thin sections. Some samples are reported to have small olivine phenocrysts. Small clusters of crystals, composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, are sometimes present.
Many of the whitish-colored spots and bands running through most Obsidian Cliff rock samples are areas of devitrification. Glass is unstable on geologic times scales and it slowly crystallizes. The light-colored spots and bands are now non-glassy. Spotted, partially devitrified obsidian is known by the rockhound term "snowflake obsidian" (see: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/16561606417). The spots are composed of silica (SiO2), but are not quartz. Rather, they are composed of a polymorph of quartz - cristobalite.
Why does Obsidian Cliff here not look black and glassy? The rocks are weathered, partially devitrified, and considerably lichen-covered. Classic, black, glassy obsidian can be seen in some of the boulders along the road.
Stratigraphy: Roaring Mountain Member, Plateau Rhyolite, Upper Pleistocene, ~59 ka
Locality: Obsidian Cliff, eastern edge of Obsidian Creek Valley, Yellowstone National Park, northwestern Wyoming, USA
----------------------
Age & some lithologic info. from:
Wooton (2010) - Age and Petrogenesis of the Roaring Mountain Rhyolites, Yellowstone Volcanic Field, Wyoming. M.S. thesis. University of Nevada at Las Vegas. 296 pp.
Polymorphic construction.
I'm reading a fascinating book .... "The Geneticist Who Played Hoops with My DNA ... And Other Masterminds from the Frontiers of Biotech" by David Ewing Duncan.
The author quotes Harvard biochemist Stuart Schreiber, (p. 13) as saying,
“There’s a high probability that for Homo sapiens, the process of evolution as we currently think about it, as (Darwin’s) natural selection, is for all intents and purposes over. It is going to be replaced by our desire and capability to tinker.”
So …. mankind will continue to cross the road … to get to the other side…
Sulphur crystals in a fumarole, or steam vent. The sulphur and other minerals were deposited by condensation of volcanic gasses. These crystals are the monoclinic polymorph of the element. Sulphur Works area. Lassen Volcanic National Park. Shasta Co., Calif.
Metrosideros polymorpha (Ohia, lehua, ohia lehua)
Overlooking Honokowai Valley at Puu Kukui, Maui, Hawaii.
February 27, 2009
Récolteur : Jules Cimon
Date de récolte: 2008.10.25
Habitat: terrain vague
Hôte: tige de plante de plate-bande, éricacée probable
Spores fusoïdes, légèrement arquées, à un septum, lisses, hyalines, guttulées, avec 1 grosse guttule de chaque côté du septum et une moyenne à chaque pôle et parfois quelques petites entre les grosses, 12-17 x 2-3 µm, 14,1 x 2,5 µm en moyenne (10 spores), Q = 5,64
Asques à 8 spores bisériés, avec appareil apical amyloïde, 90-105 x 5-7 µm. Crochets présents à la base
Paraphyses cylindriques, rarement lancéolées, parfois légèrement élargies à l’apex, non ramifiées, à 3-6 septa, avec quelques petites guttules sur la moitié inférieure, hyalines, 100-110 x 2-4 µm
Excipulum ectal en textura angularis, à cellules terminales polymorphes, caténulées, subglobuleuses, clavées, cylindriques, lancéolées, élargies ou déformées à l’apex, ou cystidioïdes-fusoïdes, à paroi épaisse à mince, ochracées en NaCl iso., grises en Melzer
Poils banaux, cylindriques, à paroi mince
Sporée non disponible
Collaborateur: Hans O. Baral
Obsidian in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Glassy-textured rocks have no crystals at all. They form by very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. Most obsidians form by the latter. Obsidian can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or alkaline in chemistry. Most are felsic to intermediate.
A famous locality in North America is Obsidian Cliff at Yellowstone, Wyoming. It is a Pleistocene-aged lava flow with the chemistry of rhyolite (= a light-colored, felsic, aphanitic, extrusive igneous rock). The cliff itself shows columnar jointing. The rocks principally range from aphyric rhyolitic obsidian to partially devitrified rhyolitic obsidian. Lithophysae are sometimes present. Extremely small, microscopic crystals are present - they can be seen in thin sections. Some samples are reported to have small olivine phenocrysts. Small clusters of crystals, composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, are sometimes present.
Many of the whitish-colored spots and bands running through most Obsidian Cliff rock samples are areas of devitrification. Glass is unstable on geologic times scales and it slowly crystallizes. The light-colored spots and bands are now non-glassy. Spotted, partially devitrified obsidian is known by the rockhound term "snowflake obsidian" (see: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/16561606417). The spots are composed of silica (SiO2), but are not quartz. Rather, they are composed of a polymorph of quartz - cristobalite.
Stratigraphy: Roaring Mountain Member, Plateau Rhyolite, Upper Pleistocene, ~59 ka
Locality: loose boulder near the base of Obsidian Cliff, Yellowstone National Park, northwestern Wyoming, USA
----------------------
Age & some lithologic info. from:
Wooton (2010) - Age and Petrogenesis of the Roaring Mountain Rhyolites, Yellowstone Volcanic Field, Wyoming. M.S. thesis. University of Nevada at Las Vegas. 296 pp.
Pyrite concretion from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois, USA. (6.7 centimeters across at its widest)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 5500 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates.
The sulfide minerals contain one or more sulfide anions (S-2). The sulfides are usually considered together with the arsenide minerals, the sulfarsenide minerals, and the telluride minerals. Many sulfides are economically significant, as they occur commonly in ores. The metals that combine with S-2 are mainly Fe, Cu, Ni, Ag, etc. Most sulfides have a metallic luster, are moderately soft, and are noticeably heavy for their size. These minerals will not form in the presence of free oxygen. Under an oxygen-rich atmosphere, sulfide minerals tend to chemically weather to various oxide and hydroxide minerals.
Pyrite is a common iron sulfide mineral (FeS2). It’s nickname is “fool's gold”. Pyrite has a metallic luster, brassy gold color (in contrast to the deep rich yellow gold color of true gold - www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/sets/72157651325153769/), dark gray to black streak, is hard (H=6 to 6.5), has no cleavage, and is moderately heavy for its size. It often forms cubic crystals or pyritohedrons (crystals having pentagonal faces).
Pyrite is common in many hydrothermal veins, shales, coals, various metamorphic rocks, and massive sulfide deposits.
The pyrite specimen shown above is a "pyrite sun" - a discoidal concretion that was developed along a bedding plane in black shale. Texturally, the concretion has outward-radiating crystals with moderately-developed concentricity. Mineralogically, pyrite suns are principally composed of pyrite, plus minor marcasite (also FeS2 - iron sulfide; marcasite is a polymorph of pyrite).
Stratigraphy: Anna Shale (= roof shale of the Herrin Coal), upper Carbondale Formation, Desmoinesian Series, upper Middle Pennsylvanian
Locality: coal mine near Sparta, Randolph County, southwestern Illinois, USA
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Photo gallery of pyrite:
The Meadow Brown, Maniola jurtina, is a butterfy found in the Palearctic ecozone. Its range includes Europe south of 62 N, Russia eastwards to the Urals, Asia Minor, Iraq, Iran, North Africa and the Canary Islands.The larvae feed on grasses.
There is marked sexual dimorphism in this species. Males are less colorful, with smaller eyespots and much reduced orange areas on the upper forewings. They are also much more active and range far about, while females fly less and often may not away from the area where they grew up.
A variable number of smaller eyespots are usually found on the hindwing undersides. These may number up to 12 per individual butterfly, with up to 6 on each wing. The factors that govern polymorphism in this trait are not resolved, although a number of theories have been proposed (Stevens 2005). On the other hand, the evolutionary significance of the upperwing eyespots is more obvious: The more active males have a markedly more cryptic upperside pattern, whereas the females have more often opportunity to present their eyespots in a sudden display of colors and patterns that presumably make neophobic predators hesitate so that the butterfly has better chances of escaping.
source: Wikipedia
Exploring Genetics: Jorvik Viking Center - Exploring Viking Culture in York, England - June 12, 2012 - Chronicles of Sir Thomas Leaf McGowan: Cornwall Madness & The Land of the Fae. (c) 2012 - photography by Leaf McGowan, technogypsie.com.
To read about this day's explorations, visit www.technogypsie.com/chronicles/?p=271. For more information about the Jorvik Viking Center, visit www.technogypsie.com/reviews/?p=3458 (expected publication July 2012).
"Exploring Genetics: Genetics is the study of genes and attempts to explain what they are and how they work. Genes enable living organisms to inherit features from their ancestors. Genetics tries to identify which features are inherited and to explain how these features are passed from generation to generation. Genese are made from a long molecule called DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), which is copied and passed down the generations. DNA is made up of simple units that line up in a particular order within this long molecule. The main role of a DNA molecule is the long-term storage of information and it is often said to represent a set of blueprints, like a recipe or a code for a person. The History of Genetics: By the mid-1980s scientists were able to amplify DNA, enabling them to read accurately short sentences in the more than 3 billion word novel that is the human genome. Using these technologies, it took 13 years and $3 billion to piece together the first human genome. Now technology is revolutionising the analysis. The next goal which has already been almost achieved, is to sequence the first 1,000 complete genomes. It is expected that in the near future, machines capable of sequencing 100 human genomes in 10 days will be available. As we learn more about genomes, we can scan for the small differences between them, the differences that make each of us unique, these variations are called SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms). Some of these SNP's are linked to characteristics such as eye colour, that
Opening night of the show "Polymorph" by Katya Usvitsky, at The One Well, Greenpoint, Brooklyn, NYC. See press coverage here. The work will be on display/for sale through November 4th.
Obsidian in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Glassy-textured rocks have no crystals at all. They form by very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. Most obsidians form by the latter. Obsidian can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or alkaline in chemistry. Most are felsic to intermediate.
A famous locality in North America is Obsidian Cliff at Yellowstone, Wyoming. It is a Pleistocene-aged lava flow with the chemistry of rhyolite (= a light-colored, felsic, aphanitic, extrusive igneous rock). The cliff itself shows columnar jointing, which formed by cooling and contraction. The rocks principally range from black-colored, aphyric rhyolitic obsidian to partially devitrified rhyolitic obsidian. Lithophysae are sometimes present. Extremely small, microscopic crystals are present - they can be seen in thin sections. Some samples are reported to have small olivine phenocrysts. Small clusters of crystals, composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, are sometimes present.
Many of the whitish-colored spots and bands running through most Obsidian Cliff rock samples are areas of devitrification. Glass is unstable on geologic times scales and it slowly crystallizes. The light-colored spots and bands are now non-glassy. Spotted, partially devitrified obsidian is known by the rockhound term "snowflake obsidian" (see: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/16561606417). The spots are composed of silica (SiO2), but are not quartz. Rather, they are composed of a polymorph of quartz - cristobalite.
Why does Obsidian Cliff here not look black and glassy? The rocks are weathered, partially devitrified, and considerably lichen-covered. Classic, black, glassy obsidian can be seen in some of the boulders along the road.
Stratigraphy: Roaring Mountain Member, Plateau Rhyolite, Upper Pleistocene, ~59 ka
Locality: Obsidian Cliff, eastern edge of Obsidian Creek Valley, Yellowstone National Park, northwestern Wyoming, USA
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Age & some lithologic info. from:
Wooton (2010) - Age and Petrogenesis of the Roaring Mountain Rhyolites, Yellowstone Volcanic Field, Wyoming. M.S. thesis. University of Nevada at Las Vegas. 296 pp.
Obsidian in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Glassy-textured rocks have no crystals at all. They form by very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. Most obsidians form by the latter. Obsidian can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or alkaline in chemistry. Most are felsic to intermediate.
A famous locality in North America is Obsidian Cliff at Yellowstone, Wyoming. It is a Pleistocene-aged lava flow with the chemistry of rhyolite (= a light-colored, felsic, aphanitic, extrusive igneous rock). The cliff itself shows columnar jointing, which formed by cooling and contraction. The rocks principally range from black-colored, aphyric rhyolitic obsidian to partially devitrified rhyolitic obsidian. Lithophysae are sometimes present. Extremely small, microscopic crystals are present - they can be seen in thin sections. Some samples are reported to have small olivine phenocrysts. Small clusters of crystals, composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, are sometimes present.
Many of the whitish-colored spots and bands running through most Obsidian Cliff rock samples are areas of devitrification. Glass is unstable on geologic times scales and it slowly crystallizes. The light-colored spots and bands are now non-glassy. Spotted, partially devitrified obsidian is known by the rockhound term "snowflake obsidian" (see: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/16561606417). The spots are composed of silica (SiO2), but are not quartz. Rather, they are composed of a polymorph of quartz - cristobalite.
Why does Obsidian Cliff here not look black and glassy? The rocks are weathered, partially devitrified, and considerably lichen-covered. Classic, black, glassy obsidian can be seen in some of the boulders along the road.
Stratigraphy: Roaring Mountain Member, Plateau Rhyolite, Upper Pleistocene, ~59 ka
Locality: Obsidian Cliff, eastern edge of Obsidian Creek Valley, Yellowstone National Park, northwestern Wyoming, USA
----------------------
Age & some lithologic info. from:
Wooton (2010) - Age and Petrogenesis of the Roaring Mountain Rhyolites, Yellowstone Volcanic Field, Wyoming. M.S. thesis. University of Nevada at Las Vegas. 296 pp.
Obsidian in the Pleistocene of Wyoming, USA.
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. Glassy-textured rocks have no crystals at all. They form by very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. Most obsidians form by the latter. Obsidian can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or alkaline in chemistry. Most are felsic to intermediate.
A famous locality in North America is Obsidian Cliff at Yellowstone, Wyoming. It is a Pleistocene-aged lava flow with the chemistry of rhyolite (= a light-colored, felsic, aphanitic, extrusive igneous rock). The cliff itself shows columnar jointing, which formed by cooling and contraction. The rocks principally range from black-colored, aphyric rhyolitic obsidian to partially devitrified rhyolitic obsidian. Lithophysae are sometimes present. Extremely small, microscopic crystals are present - they can be seen in thin sections. Some samples are reported to have small olivine phenocrysts. Small clusters of crystals, composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine, are sometimes present.
Many of the whitish-colored spots and bands running through most Obsidian Cliff rock samples are areas of devitrification. Glass is unstable on geologic times scales and it slowly crystallizes. The light-colored spots and bands are now non-glassy. Spotted, partially devitrified obsidian is known by the rockhound term "snowflake obsidian" (see: www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/16561606417). The spots are composed of silica (SiO2), but are not quartz. Rather, they are composed of a polymorph of quartz - cristobalite.
Why does Obsidian Cliff here not look black and glassy? The rocks are weathered, partially devitrified, and considerably lichen-covered. Classic, black, glassy obsidian can be seen in some of the boulders along the road.
Stratigraphy: Roaring Mountain Member, Plateau Rhyolite, Upper Pleistocene, ~59 ka
Locality: Obsidian Cliff, eastern edge of Obsidian Creek Valley, Yellowstone National Park, northwestern Wyoming, USA
----------------------
Age & some lithologic info. from:
Wooton (2010) - Age and Petrogenesis of the Roaring Mountain Rhyolites, Yellowstone Volcanic Field, Wyoming. M.S. thesis. University of Nevada at Las Vegas. 296 pp.