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"Butterbutt biology: warblers, migration and mitochondria
A non-migratory population of songbirds appears to have acquired mitochondria from their close relatives that are migratory, potentially allowing these birds to migrate better
A non-migratory population of songbirds appears to have acquired mitochondria from their close relatives that are migratory, potentially allowing these birds to migrate better, according to a newly-published study by a group of researchers based at Canada's University of British Columbia. Mitochondria synthesise the biochemical energy that powers living cells. The team studied a population of neotropical warblers living in the transition zone between the northern (seasonally migratory) form and the southern (resident) form. Using a variety of novel approaches, they compared mitochondrial genetics and function, and migratory behaviour. The researchers found that mitochondria in flight muscles of the migratory birds may be more metabolically efficient, thus capable of powering the energetic demands of migration over longer distances.
..."Our findings suggest that over generations, the Audubon's warbler may have co-opted the myrtle's mitochondria to better power its own travels", said Mr Toews.
Yellow-rumped warblers are not the only known example of mitochondrial borrowing: last year, Mr Toews and a colleague, Alan Brelsford, identified more than 100 such cases in animals."
theguardian.com
For those that live in Philadelphia, many know that there has been a pair of Red-tailed hawks nesting on the Ben Franklin Parkway for at least 10 years. They have set-up a territory around the area and are frequently seen on the grounds of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Franklin Institute, perched on iconic and historic monuments, and other places in the city. I went looking for these hawks in March with a few friends, but came up empty. This past Saturday, I found them. This image is a juvenile Red-tail that was one of two hatched in early June. She is around two months old and the local hawk watchers have named her "PJ" for Plain Jane. She looks like a beauty to me. Please view large for best experience.
As always, thanks for the views, faves, and comments. Thanks for stopping by~!
Dallas Love Field May 1982. W/O Chandalar Alaska 28th June 1997 as N103.. Formerly operated in the UK as G-ASDC with BAF.
Female Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
From the RSPB:
The mallard is a large and heavy looking duck. It has a long body and a long and broad bill.
The male has a dark green head, a yellow bill, is mainly purple-brown on the breast and grey on the body.
The female is mainly brown with an orange bill.
It breeds in all parts of the UK in summer and winter, wherever there are suitable wetland habitats, although it is scarcer in upland areas.
Mallards in the UK may be resident breeders or migrants - many of the birds that breed in Iceland and northern Europe spend the winter here.
It is the commonest duck and most widespread so you have a chance of seeing it just about anywhere where there is suitable wetland habitat, even in urban areas.
Another aircraft that was a fairly frequent sight in Ireland in the late 1970s, "Delta Charlie" was stripped to bare metal for an all-cargo role once its car-ferry days were over, and gained the name "Plain Jane". As a C-54A, it had been delivered to the USAAF in 1942 as 42-72168. Conversion to Carvair took place in 1962 at Southend, this being the seventh such aircraft converted by Aviation Traders.
Scan of a Kodachrome slide from my collection; image not taken by me.
THANK YOU ALL FOR SUPERB COMMENTS .BEST WISHES FROM WALES
BEAUTY BE
How can such beauty be
Nature’s paint box of shades
From the sky rainbow
Washed with golden lights
Hiding under branches
Nature’s paint box of shades
And soft grey colours
Washed with silver lights
Only death will end them
Both will die together
Unable to live alone
Washed with golden lights
How can such beauty be
Nature’s paint box of shades
From the sky rainbow
Washed with golden lights
By Henrhyde
Location -Mallard Pike Lake , Forest Of Dean , Gloucester , England.
Pair of Mandarin Ducks.
The Mandarin Duck was introduced from the Far East, where it can still be found in China, Japan, Korea and parts of Russia. Mandarin Ducks are actually quite shy birds, often hiding beneath overhanging willows and usually only forming small flocks .They are nervous of other ducks –and are bullied by them .
A beautiful, unmistakable duck, male Mandarins have elaborate plumage with orange plumes on their cheeks, orange 'sails' on their back and pale orange sides. The female of this little duck is dull in comparison, with a grey head, brown back and white eye-stripe.
Introduced from China and now found mainly in South East England but also in the rest of England, Wales and Scotland .
I think the uninspired building makes a nice subject. McDonough, Georgia
Holga 120N with Catlabs 100 film.
Photo taken by Norbert Kröpfl. Kindly provided from the NK slide collection by Stephan Barth.
München-Riem
1975-08-17 (17 August 1975)
G-ASDC "Plain Jane"
Aviation Traders ATL-98 Carvair
10273/7
British Air Ferries (BAF) Cargo
This Carvair was also noted at Riem on 9 August 1975, and later on 10 February 1978 and 23 February 1978. It looked old and quaint even in 1975 but only had accumulated 12 years of service at that point and would fly for another 22 years.
Information from airliners.net (Richard Vandervord):
Converted by ATEL from DC-4 LX-BNG and first flying as a Carvair in 3.63, G-ASDC was first christened "Pont du Rhin" by BUAF and was renamed "Plain Jane" by BAF in 1972. Sold to Falcon Airways of Texas as N80FA in 4.79 (crashed 6.97 in AK)
Registration details for this airframe:
www.planelogger.com/Aircraft/Registration/G-ASDC/989671
Pre-conversion: Douglas C-54A-1-DC N54373 with Seaboard Western at LUX in 1950:
www.flickr.com/photos/134499848@N06/26221286549
G-ASDC with British United Air Ferries at SEN in November 1964:
www.flickr.com/photos/25571261@N02/9208421439
G-ASDC with BAF at DUS in 1974:
imgproc.airliners.net/photos/airliners/4/6/4/1756464.jpg
G-ASDC (o/c) together with G-AOFW (n/c) at SEN in April 1974:
www.airhistory.net/photo/22365/G-ASDC
G-ASDC with BAF at DUS in 1974:
imgproc.airliners.net/photos/airliners/4/6/4/1756464.jpg
G-ASDC with BAF at SEN in July 1974 (later colours):
imgproc.airliners.net/photos/airliners/3/2/1/1353123.jpg
N80FA with Falcon Airways at SEN in April 1979:
www.flickr.com/photos/rv-avia/23864739486
N80FA with Pacific Air Express in 1983:
www.flickr.com/photos/51562621@N03/50044709868
N103 with Great Arctic Airways at Fairbanks in May 1997:
imgproc.airliners.net/photos/airliners/0/9/7/0490790.jpg
Scan from Kodachrome slide.
The Wildtrack is the up-market designation for Ford's Global Ranger model.
Distinct to the Wildtrack edition is a orangy-copper paint (here in Lego orange).
Highly competent as an on and off-roader, this miniland scale lego model Ranger is itching for some customising as part of Flickr LUGNuts 56th Build Challenge - 'Plain Jane' - the first part of a two part challenge. Part one is the production of a standard 'Plain Jane', and the second month will see the production of tricked-out, customised and modified versions of the same car.
I couldn't help but add a couple of preliminary stripes to the bonnet - ready to rumble!
This Lego model is build as a BOF - Body-On-Frame pickup, featuring a live sprung rear axle, independent front suspension and four-wheel-drive. The pickup has a inline two-cylinder lego piston engine.
The E24 BMW 6 Series coupé was produced/sold by German automaker BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke) from 1976 to 1988 (1989 in the US) model years. After a 16-year hiatus, the 6-Series reappeared with the 2004 E63 6 Series.
Model history
The E24 was a replacement for the CS and CSL coupés first produced in 1965. The 3.0 CS was almost changed by adding a few centimeters in height to make it easier for customers to get into the car. However, Bob Lutz rebelled against the decision and rough drafted an alternative version that soon became the 6 series. Production started in March 1976 with two models: the 630 CS and 633 CSi. Originally the bodies were manufactured by Karmann, but production was later taken in-house to BMW.
In July 1978 a more powerful variant, the 635 CSi, was introduced (for the time being not available in North America and Japan) that featured as standard a special close-ratio 5-speed gearbox and a single piece black rear spoiler. The bigger bore and shorter stroke facilitated max 218 hp at 5200rpm and a better torque curve. For the first year, the 635 CSi was offered in three colors (Polaris, Henna Red, Graphite), and could also be spotted by the front air dam that did not have attached fog lights. These simple cosmetic changes reportedly worked to reduce uplift on the car at high speeds by almost 15% over the non-spoiler body shape. This early model shared suspension components with the inaugural BMW 5-series, the E12.
In 1979 the carburetted 630 CS was replaced with the 628 CSi; this car had a fuel injected 2.8L engine taken from the BMW 528i.
In 1980 the 635 CSi gained the central locking system that is also controlled from the trunk. Also, the E24 body style converted from L-jetronic injection to a Bosch Motronic DME.
In 1982 (Europe) and 1983 (US), the E24 changed slightly in appearance, with an improved interior and slightly modified exterior. At the same time, the 635 CSi received a new engine, a slightly smaller-bored and longer-stroked 3430 cc six to replace the former 3453 cc engine and became available with a wide-ratio 5-speed manual or an automatic.
1984–86 BMW 635 CSi
This slight change in 1982 (Europe) was in fact a major change as pre-1982 cars were based on the E12 5-series chassis; after mid-1982, e24s shared the improved E28 5-series chassis. The only parts that remained the same were some of the exterior body panels. This fact can be verified by studying the parts lists.
E24s produced after June 1987 came with new, ellipsoid headlamps which projects beam more directly onto road surface (newly introduced E32 7-series also sporting them). The sleeker European bumpers were also discontinued. Previous cars had either a European-standard bumper or a larger, reinforced bumper to meet the US standard requiring bumpers to withstand impact at 5 mph (8 km/h) without damage to safety-related components. 1989 was the last year for the E24 with production stopping in April. The E24 was supplanted by the considerably heavier, more complex, and more exclusive 8 Series (E31).
M version
BMW Motorsport introduced the M 635 CSi in Europe at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1983. It is essentially an E24 powered by the powerplant of the BMW M1 - the M88 (286 PS (210 kW; 282 hp)). Most of the cars were equipped with special metric 415 mm diameter wheels requiring Michelin TRX tires. A catalyzed, lower compression ratio version of the car with the S38 engine (260 PS (190 kW; 260 hp)) was introduced in the U.S. in 1987. All M6 cars came standard with a 25% rear limited slip differential. U.S. models included additional comforts that were usually optional on models sold in Europe such as Nappa leather power seats and a dedicated rear A/C unit with a center beverage chiller. Car and Driver tested a U.S. M6 in July 1987 and achieved a 0-60 time of 6.1 seconds, better than the BMW published 6.4 and 6.8 second times for the European and U.S. versions respectively. 4,088 M 635 CSi cars were built between 1983 and 1988 with 1,767 U.S. M6 built.
[Text from Wikipedia]
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E24)
This Lego miniland scale BMW e24 633 CSi Coupe has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 96th Build Challenge - The 8th Birthday, titled - 'Happy Crazy Eight Birthday, LUGNuts' - where all previous build challenges are available to build to. This model is built to the LUGNuts 56th build challenge, - "Plain Jane" - a two-part design challenge commencing with a standard vehicle, followed by challenge 57 "From Mild to Wild" - where the car is modified into something wilder.
The Ten Different Faces of Me!
Artist. Nerd. Diva. Punk. Party Girl. Mature. Inner Child. Slacker. Everyday. Daydreamer.
=D
More photos here!
www.facebook.com/#!/pages/Jessica-Tai-Photography/1823245...
My little cousin had a 'princess party' for all her friends for her birthday, and I took my camera along because we were going to a castle and they were all dressing up.. This is probably my favourite shot of the day.. Hope you guys enjoy it, although my editing is a bit plainjane. I need an updated version of photoshop - elements would be alright.
I'm so stressed. Does anyone have a book they'd recommend for me to read? Or some music to listen to? (:
Explored!
After a lengthy pursuit across the entire (& into Phillips) county, which terminated in a 4 vehicle fatal injury crash, shots fired at the crash scene, a deceased suspect, not to mention a missing vehicle and driver, the end is just the beginning.
Loggerhead and Beachcomber is going to be closed for a while.
Olympus E-M10
For more info about the dioramas, check out the FAQ: 1stPix FAQ
The Peugeot 205 was launched in 1983 by the PSA concern. Previously thought of as the most conservative of the French manufacturere, the 205 opened the market to young urbanites who may not previously have considered the marque.
The model replaced the 104, a conservative and basic vehicle without much youth appeal. Such was the success of the 205, that it remained in production until 1998, not having been replaced completely by its successor, the 106, in 1991. The model designate replacemet 206 was released in 1998.
The enthusiast though, was only concerned with this model, the 205 GTI. Initially fitted with a high output 1.6 litre 4-cylinder with up to 86 kW offering spritely performance with the vehicle's low kerb mass. Even more spirited was the 1.9 litre 4-cylinder with up to 94 kW and additional torque.
The car enjoyed great success, though sales slowed through the 1990's due to rising insurance costs for vehicles of this type.
The 205 GTI is one of the iconic cars of the 1980's (from a European perspective), and is seen as the benchmark for light, sporty perfomance hatchbacks.
This miniland scale lego model has been built for Flickr LUGNuts 56th build challenge - 'Plain Jane', a two part challenge where the first month a 'plain Jane' is built, ready for customisation in the second month.
Though not strictly speaking a 'Plain Jane', older Peugeot 205 GTIs found themselves in the hands of young 'customisers' ready to paint their brand of youthful enthusiasm across the 205's visage.
for this photo since it is all about "Plain", i relized the plainest i could go is totally.. Plain! no clothes or anything on to destract from her beauty of her. :)
While traffic has been diverted now that the highway is shut down, some trucks are too big to turn around easily, and will be stuck for awhile.
Plain Jane and X-Ray 93 have got this side on lockdown, and the traffic homicide truck is on the way with all the gadgets and equipment.
1:64 Tonkin Replicas Mack Pinnacle Tandem Axle Day Cab
1:64 Tonkin Replicas PEM 40' Intermodal Container and Chassis
1:64 Greenlight Collectibles:
Ford Police Interceptor Sedan
Ford CVPI
International Durastar 4400
Special Operations Auxiliary
Support Truck # 3-5
Baynard Police
Baynard Parkway
Olympus OM-D E-M5 Mark II
Olympus M.14-42mm F3.5-5.6 II R
For more info about the dioramas, check out the FAQ: 1stPix FAQ
I certainly hope this isn't one of those places that demand you buy something just to use the facilities.
Operation Lone Star: Baynard Task Force
23-3-Bravo
#1stPixBaynardPolice
Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark III
Olympus M.14-42mm F3.5-5.6 II R
For more info about the dioramas, check out the FAQ:
(Updated June 2023) 1stPix FAQ
The Peugeot 205 was launched in 1983 by the PSA concern. Previously thought of as the most conservative of the French manufacturere, the 205 opened the market to young urbanites who may not previously have considered the marque.
The model replaced the 104, a conservative and basic vehicle without much youth appeal. Such was the success of the 205, that it remained in production until 1998, not having been replaced completely by its successor, the 106, in 1991. The model designate replacemet 206 was released in 1998.
The enthusiast though, was only concerned with this model, the 205 GTI. Initially fitted with a high output 1.6 litre 4-cylinder with up to 86 kW offering spritely performance with the vehicle's low kerb mass. Even more spirited was the 1.9 litre 4-cylinder with up to 94 kW and additional torque.
The car enjoyed great success, though sales slowed through the 1990's due to rising insurance costs for vehicles of this type.
The 205 GTI is one of the iconic cars of the 1980's (from a European perspective), and is seen as the benchmark for light, sporty perfomance hatchbacks.
This miniland scale lego model has been built for Flickr LUGNuts 56th build challenge - 'Plain Jane', a two part challenge where the first month a 'plain Jane' is built, ready for customisation in the second month.
Though not strictly speaking a 'Plain Jane', older Peugeot 205 GTIs found themselves in the hands of young 'customisers' ready to paint their brand of youthful enthusiasm across the 205's visage.
The Peugeot 205 was launched in 1983 by the PSA concern. Previously thought of as the most conservative of the French manufacturere, the 205 opened the market to young urbanites who may not previously have considered the marque.
The model replaced the 104, a conservative and basic vehicle without much youth appeal. Such was the success of the 205, that it remained in production until 1998, not having been replaced completely by its successor, the 106, in 1991. The model designate replacemet 206 was released in 1998.
The enthusiast though, was only concerned with this model, the 205 GTI. Initially fitted with a high output 1.6 litre 4-cylinder with up to 86 kW offering spritely performance with the vehicle's low kerb mass. Even more spirited was the 1.9 litre 4-cylinder with up to 94 kW and additional torque.
The car enjoyed great success, though sales slowed through the 1990's due to rising insurance costs for vehicles of this type.
The 205 GTI is one of the iconic cars of the 1980's (from a European perspective), and is seen as the benchmark for light, sporty perfomance hatchbacks.
This miniland scale lego model has been built for Flickr LUGNuts 56th build challenge - 'Plain Jane', a two part challenge where the first month a 'plain Jane' is built, ready for customisation in the second month.
Though not strictly speaking a 'Plain Jane', older Peugeot 205 GTIs found themselves in the hands of young 'customisers' ready to paint their brand of youthful enthusiasm across the 205's visage.
The Peugeot 205 was launched in 1983 by the PSA concern. Previously thought of as the most conservative of the French manufacturere, the 205 opened the market to young urbanites who may not previously have considered the marque.
The model replaced the 104, a conservative and basic vehicle without much youth appeal. Such was the success of the 205, that it remained in production until 1998, not having been replaced completely by its successor, the 106, in 1991. The model designate replacemet 206 was released in 1998.
The enthusiast though, was only concerned with this model, the 205 GTI. Initially fitted with a high output 1.6 litre 4-cylinder with up to 86 kW offering spritely performance with the vehicle's low kerb mass. Even more spirited was the 1.9 litre 4-cylinder with up to 94 kW and additional torque.
The car enjoyed great success, though sales slowed through the 1990's due to rising insurance costs for vehicles of this type.
The 205 GTI is one of the iconic cars of the 1980's (from a European perspective), and is seen as the benchmark for light, sporty perfomance hatchbacks.
This miniland scale lego model has been built for Flickr LUGNuts 56th build challenge - 'Plain Jane', a two part challenge where the first month a 'plain Jane' is built, ready for customisation in the second month.
Though not strictly speaking a 'Plain Jane', older Peugeot 205 GTIs found themselves in the hands of young 'customisers' ready to paint their brand of youthful enthusiasm across the 205's visage.
The 105 Series Alfa Romeo Coupes were manufactured from 1963 to 1977. Derived from the Guilia Berlina sedan from the same period, the Coupe adopted a shorter wheelbase and was clothed with a delicate 2-door coupe shape by a young Giorgetto Guigiaro who was the the time, working at Bertone.
The model enjoyed a long production run, benefiting in numerous upgrades over the years. In addition to the Coupe, there was short production run of 'GTC' convertibles (1000 units), of very similar style, but built by the coachbuilders, Touring of Milan.
The first models of 1963-1966 were denoted Giulia Sprint GTs, and featured a single headlamp nose, and mechanically, 1570 cc (nom 1600), four-cylinder engine.
Small changes were made in 1965, noted Giulia Sprint GT Veloce, focusing on making the car more relaxing to drive.
In 1967 the engine was enlarged to1779 cc (nom 1750), was shared with the 1750 Berlinea (sedan) and Spider. Changes again, were made to make the car more relaxing to drive, as the car was exported to North America. Visually, the nose gained dual headlamps, and for the US (and later for other markets), larger tail lamps along with bumper overriders.
In 1971 changes were again made. The engine was enlarged to 1962 cc (2000 nom), again, in the interests of improving torque and driveability. Visually the cars remained very similar to the 1750 GTV series.
This Lego model 1750 GTV has been built for Flickr LUGNuts 56th Build challenge - 'Plane Jane' - first part of a two month challenge in which the first month, a 'plain Jane' car is built, no be modified in some way in the second month.
Here is built a tidy, but plain, 1750 GTV, ready for some modifications in next month's challenge.
Another bought-in Kodachrome of an aircraft I remember well but never photographed. At the time the two bare-metal BAF Carvairs were amongst the last four-engined heavy pistons in commercial use in Europe, though Air Atlantique later revived things somewhat in the late 1980s with its two DC-6 freighters.
In 1982 Mercedes-Benz released the production version of more than a decade's research into developing a compact format, efficient and safe luxury car. The name '190' referred back to the 1950 and 60s versions of 'reduced power output' models of their mainstream saloon car range. The 190E specified a fuel-injected 2.0 litre, four cylinder engine, whilst a 190 model, without the 'E' (for einspritz' appellation, referred to the same engine, but using a carburetor.
Further development of the model would see additional engines deployed. A four cylinder of 2.3 litres, six cylinder of 2.6 litres, a a number of four cylinder diesel engines shard with the larger 'mid-range' Mercedes-Benz W123 successor W124 series.
Some special edition versions featuring high-output Cosworth developed four-valve-per-cylinder, twin OHC heads were also created, firstly in 190E 2.3-16 form, and later 190E 2.5-16 Evolution II form. These two cars formed the basis for a return to motor racing by Daimler-Benz, having avoided track-based competition following the catastrophic tragedy at LeMans in 1955 where a 300SLR racer flew into the crowd killing 83 people with a further 120 injured.
The W201 also market the smallest Mercedes-Benz model for decade, measuring a mere 1,680mm wide and 4,448mm long. Nonetheless, the deployment of advanced technologies such as airbags and antilock brakes made this compact Mercedes as safe at the larger models that had forged a reputation for safety excellence.
The single notable advance that saw first service in the 190 model ahead of any other Mercedes-Benz model was a new multi-link rear suspension, featuring five control arms acting in conjunction to produce a finely controlled wheel motion under all dynamic conditions for ride and handling excellence.
For all its virtues, and its luxury intent in international markets, within West Germany the 190 was frequently seen a a beige taxi, deployed with Mercedes ' 'MB-tex' - actually a synthetic vinyl masquerading as perforated leather.
Plain Jane indeed.
The original W201 190 model was replaced in 1993 by the W202, denoted C-Class in Mercedes-Benz's new naming policy, after 1.87 million vehicles had been built.
This Lego miniland-scale 190E sedan has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 84th Build Challenge, our 7th birthday, - "LUGNuts Turns 7…or 49 in Dog Years", - where all the previous challenges are available to build to. In this case Challenge 56, - "Plain Jane", for vehicles a little bit ordinary, that might be turned into something a little bit special.
In 1982 Mercedes-Benz released the production version of more than a decade's research into developing a compact format, efficient and safe luxury car. The name '190' referred back to the 1950 and 60s versions of 'reduced power output' models of their mainstream saloon car range. The 190E specified a fuel-injected 2.0 litre, four cylinder engine, whilst a 190 model, without the 'E' (for einspritz' appellation, referred to the same engine, but using a carburetor.
Further development of the model would see additional engines deployed. A four cylinder of 2.3 litres, six cylinder of 2.6 litres, a a number of four cylinder diesel engines shard with the larger 'mid-range' Mercedes-Benz W123 successor W124 series.
Some special edition versions featuring high-output Cosworth developed four-valve-per-cylinder, twin OHC heads were also created, firstly in 190E 2.3-16 form, and later 190E 2.5-16 Evolution II form. These two cars formed the basis for a return to motor racing by Daimler-Benz, having avoided track-based competition following the catastrophic tragedy at LeMans in 1955 where a 300SLR racer flew into the crowd killing 83 people with a further 120 injured.
The W201 also market the smallest Mercedes-Benz model for decade, measuring a mere 1,680mm wide and 4,448mm long. Nonetheless, the deployment of advanced technologies such as airbags and antilock brakes made this compact Mercedes as safe at the larger models that had forged a reputation for safety excellence.
The single notable advance that saw first service in the 190 model ahead of any other Mercedes-Benz model was a new multi-link rear suspension, featuring five control arms acting in conjunction to produce a finely controlled wheel motion under all dynamic conditions for ride and handling excellence.
For all its virtues, and its luxury intent in international markets, within West Germany the 190 was frequently seen a a beige taxi, deployed with Mercedes ' 'MB-tex' - actually a synthetic vinyl masquerading as perforated leather.
Plain Jane indeed.
The original W201 190 model was replaced in 1993 by the W202, denoted C-Class in Mercedes-Benz's new naming policy, after 1.87 million vehicles had been built.
This Lego miniland-scale 190E sedan has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 84th Build Challenge, our 7th birthday, - "LUGNuts Turns 7…or 49 in Dog Years", - where all the previous challenges are available to build to. In this case Challenge 56, - "Plain Jane", for vehicles a little bit ordinary, that might be turned into something a little bit special.
The E24 BMW 6 Series coupé was produced/sold by German automaker BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke) from 1976 to 1988 (1989 in the US) model years. After a 16-year hiatus, the 6-Series reappeared with the 2004 E63 6 Series.
Model history
The E24 was a replacement for the CS and CSL coupés first produced in 1965. The 3.0 CS was almost changed by adding a few centimeters in height to make it easier for customers to get into the car. However, Bob Lutz rebelled against the decision and rough drafted an alternative version that soon became the 6 series. Production started in March 1976 with two models: the 630 CS and 633 CSi. Originally the bodies were manufactured by Karmann, but production was later taken in-house to BMW.
In July 1978 a more powerful variant, the 635 CSi, was introduced (for the time being not available in North America and Japan) that featured as standard a special close-ratio 5-speed gearbox and a single piece black rear spoiler. The bigger bore and shorter stroke facilitated max 218 hp at 5200rpm and a better torque curve. For the first year, the 635 CSi was offered in three colors (Polaris, Henna Red, Graphite), and could also be spotted by the front air dam that did not have attached fog lights. These simple cosmetic changes reportedly worked to reduce uplift on the car at high speeds by almost 15% over the non-spoiler body shape. This early model shared suspension components with the inaugural BMW 5-series, the E12.
In 1979 the carburetted 630 CS was replaced with the 628 CSi; this car had a fuel injected 2.8L engine taken from the BMW 528i.
In 1980 the 635 CSi gained the central locking system that is also controlled from the trunk. Also, the E24 body style converted from L-jetronic injection to a Bosch Motronic DME.
In 1982 (Europe) and 1983 (US), the E24 changed slightly in appearance, with an improved interior and slightly modified exterior. At the same time, the 635 CSi received a new engine, a slightly smaller-bored and longer-stroked 3430 cc six to replace the former 3453 cc engine and became available with a wide-ratio 5-speed manual or an automatic.
1984–86 BMW 635 CSi
This slight change in 1982 (Europe) was in fact a major change as pre-1982 cars were based on the E12 5-series chassis; after mid-1982, e24s shared the improved E28 5-series chassis. The only parts that remained the same were some of the exterior body panels. This fact can be verified by studying the parts lists.
E24s produced after June 1987 came with new, ellipsoid headlamps which projects beam more directly onto road surface (newly introduced E32 7-series also sporting them). The sleeker European bumpers were also discontinued. Previous cars had either a European-standard bumper or a larger, reinforced bumper to meet the US standard requiring bumpers to withstand impact at 5 mph (8 km/h) without damage to safety-related components. 1989 was the last year for the E24 with production stopping in April. The E24 was supplanted by the considerably heavier, more complex, and more exclusive 8 Series (E31).
M version
BMW Motorsport introduced the M 635 CSi in Europe at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1983. It is essentially an E24 powered by the powerplant of the BMW M1 - the M88 (286 PS (210 kW; 282 hp)). Most of the cars were equipped with special metric 415 mm diameter wheels requiring Michelin TRX tires. A catalyzed, lower compression ratio version of the car with the S38 engine (260 PS (190 kW; 260 hp)) was introduced in the U.S. in 1987. All M6 cars came standard with a 25% rear limited slip differential. U.S. models included additional comforts that were usually optional on models sold in Europe such as Nappa leather power seats and a dedicated rear A/C unit with a center beverage chiller. Car and Driver tested a U.S. M6 in July 1987 and achieved a 0-60 time of 6.1 seconds, better than the BMW published 6.4 and 6.8 second times for the European and U.S. versions respectively. 4,088 M 635 CSi cars were built between 1983 and 1988 with 1,767 U.S. M6 built.
[Text from Wikipedia]
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E24)
This Lego miniland scale BMW e24 633 CSi Coupe has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 96th Build Challenge - The 8th Birthday, titled - 'Happy Crazy Eight Birthday, LUGNuts' - where all previous build challenges are available to build to. This model is built to the LUGNuts 56th build challenge, - "Plain Jane" - a two-part design challenge commencing with a standard vehicle, followed by challenge 57 "From Mild to Wild" - where the car is modified into something wilder.
"X-Ray 3-5", an auxiliary operations truck affectionately known as "Plain Jane", is kind of blah, but you don't need to be flashy to haul around cones, traffic barrels, and barriers.
1:64 Greenlight Durastar 4400
Baynard Police
Special Operations Auxiliary
Support Truck # 3-5 (Zone 3 and 5)
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Olympus E- M10
The E24 BMW 6 Series coupé was produced/sold by German automaker BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke) from 1976 to 1988 (1989 in the US) model years. After a 16-year hiatus, the 6-Series reappeared with the 2004 E63 6 Series.
Model history
The E24 was a replacement for the CS and CSL coupés first produced in 1965. The 3.0 CS was almost changed by adding a few centimeters in height to make it easier for customers to get into the car. However, Bob Lutz rebelled against the decision and rough drafted an alternative version that soon became the 6 series. Production started in March 1976 with two models: the 630 CS and 633 CSi. Originally the bodies were manufactured by Karmann, but production was later taken in-house to BMW.
In July 1978 a more powerful variant, the 635 CSi, was introduced (for the time being not available in North America and Japan) that featured as standard a special close-ratio 5-speed gearbox and a single piece black rear spoiler. The bigger bore and shorter stroke facilitated max 218 hp at 5200rpm and a better torque curve. For the first year, the 635 CSi was offered in three colors (Polaris, Henna Red, Graphite), and could also be spotted by the front air dam that did not have attached fog lights. These simple cosmetic changes reportedly worked to reduce uplift on the car at high speeds by almost 15% over the non-spoiler body shape. This early model shared suspension components with the inaugural BMW 5-series, the E12.
In 1979 the carburetted 630 CS was replaced with the 628 CSi; this car had a fuel injected 2.8L engine taken from the BMW 528i.
In 1980 the 635 CSi gained the central locking system that is also controlled from the trunk. Also, the E24 body style converted from L-jetronic injection to a Bosch Motronic DME.
In 1982 (Europe) and 1983 (US), the E24 changed slightly in appearance, with an improved interior and slightly modified exterior. At the same time, the 635 CSi received a new engine, a slightly smaller-bored and longer-stroked 3430 cc six to replace the former 3453 cc engine and became available with a wide-ratio 5-speed manual or an automatic.
1984–86 BMW 635 CSi
This slight change in 1982 (Europe) was in fact a major change as pre-1982 cars were based on the E12 5-series chassis; after mid-1982, e24s shared the improved E28 5-series chassis. The only parts that remained the same were some of the exterior body panels. This fact can be verified by studying the parts lists.
E24s produced after June 1987 came with new, ellipsoid headlamps which projects beam more directly onto road surface (newly introduced E32 7-series also sporting them). The sleeker European bumpers were also discontinued. Previous cars had either a European-standard bumper or a larger, reinforced bumper to meet the US standard requiring bumpers to withstand impact at 5 mph (8 km/h) without damage to safety-related components. 1989 was the last year for the E24 with production stopping in April. The E24 was supplanted by the considerably heavier, more complex, and more exclusive 8 Series (E31).
M version
BMW Motorsport introduced the M 635 CSi in Europe at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1983. It is essentially an E24 powered by the powerplant of the BMW M1 - the M88 (286 PS (210 kW; 282 hp)). Most of the cars were equipped with special metric 415 mm diameter wheels requiring Michelin TRX tires. A catalyzed, lower compression ratio version of the car with the S38 engine (260 PS (190 kW; 260 hp)) was introduced in the U.S. in 1987. All M6 cars came standard with a 25% rear limited slip differential. U.S. models included additional comforts that were usually optional on models sold in Europe such as Nappa leather power seats and a dedicated rear A/C unit with a center beverage chiller. Car and Driver tested a U.S. M6 in July 1987 and achieved a 0-60 time of 6.1 seconds, better than the BMW published 6.4 and 6.8 second times for the European and U.S. versions respectively. 4,088 M 635 CSi cars were built between 1983 and 1988 with 1,767 U.S. M6 built.
[Text from Wikipedia]
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E24)
This Lego miniland scale BMW e24 633 CSi Coupe has been created for Flickr LUGNuts' 96th Build Challenge - The 8th Birthday, titled - 'Happy Crazy Eight Birthday, LUGNuts' - where all previous build challenges are available to build to. This model is built to the LUGNuts 56th build challenge, - "Plain Jane" - a two-part design challenge commencing with a standard vehicle, followed by challenge 57 "From Mild to Wild" - where the car is modified into something wilder.