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Prague low floor tram with pivoting bogies, with the front one prominent in view turning on the Náměstà Republiky. Also somewhat puzzled about the classical statue on top of a modern building. © Henk Graalman 2023
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Shot with camera set to Velvia simulation, which I quit using after deciding I didn't like the look of photos like these.
I never really showed how my 'City of Truro' is articulated since I rebuilt it ages ago. One set of flanged drivers, and a single bogie pivot. It allowed for a tighter fit with the outside frames. Gears between the driving axles ensure they both keep turning over uneven track.
The Cumberland Basin on the River Avon in Bristol, Avon.
The River Avon never flowed through the Cumberland Basin before the 19th century improvements and the construction of the non-tidal Floating Harbour, the Avon flowed through the tidal harbour and out through the future location of the Underfall Yard. When the basin and Floating Harbour were constructed the river was diverted through the New Cut, bypassing the harbour entirely.
Following competition from other ports, in 1802 William Jessop proposed installing a dam and lock at Hotwells to create the harbour. The £530,000 scheme was approved by Parliament, and construction began in May 1804. The scheme included the construction of the Cumberland Basin, a large wide stretch of the harbour in Hotwells where the Quay walls and bollards have listed building status.
The new scheme required a way to equalise the levels inside and outside the Dock for the passage of vessels to and from the Avon, and bridges to cross the water. Jessop built Cumberland Basin with two entrance locks from the tidal Avon, of width 45 ft (13.7 m) and 35 ft (10.7 m), and a 45 feet (13.7 m) wide junction lock between the Basin and what became known as the Floating Harbour. This arrangement provided flexibility of operation with the Basin being used as a lock when there were large numbers of arrivals and sailings. The harbour was officially opened on 1 May 1809. The first alteration was the construction of the south junction lock which was completed in 1849 and had a single-leaf wrougth-iron gate. It is no longer used and has been sealed by a concrete wall.
When Brunel rebuilt the entrance locks of the Cumberland Basin in Bristol Harbour, between 1848–1849, he also constructed several swinging bridges – Brunel's first moving bridges. These were of centre-pivot construction, but were highly asymmetrical, the outboard side being nearly three times longer than the landward, balanced by large cast iron counterweights.
As the bridges were for light roadways and did not have to carry the weight of a railway or train, their girders were of a lightweight construction, known as Balloon flange girders, that simplified manufacture. A full balloon upper flange was used, similar in shape to the South Wales Railway bridges, but the flange sat above the main web of the girder and the web did not span the flange and reach to the top.
One of the bridges was moved from the south entrance lock to the north entrance dock in 1873. It was originally hand cranked and later adapted to use hydraulic power. It became redundant in the 1960s when it was replaced by the large Plimsoll Swing Bridge and was left on the side of the dock partially beneath the new bridge. It is now known as "Brunel's other bridge" to differentiate it from the nearby Clifton Suspension Bridge. The old Junction Lock swing bridge is powered by water pressure from the Underfall Yard hydraulic engine house at 750 psi (52 bar).
Like several early Brunel bridges, Brunel's involvement with them was largely forgotten and only recorded in obscure works. At one point they were under serious threat of demolition until their historical significance was re-recognised. It is listed on the Heritage at Risk register. A £1 million appeal was launched in 2014 to restore the bridge, and English Heritage has offered a grant towards its restoration.
Information Source:
Elna @ Berlin, Germany. Printed in Stand By Project Issue 8.
Graflex Speed Graphic on Polaroid Type 55
Have been reading and doing projects from the wonderful new Color Inspirations book. This is a twist on the pivot bead technique. Not sure yet what I will do with them.
USA Roller Derby, the United States' World Cup team for 2017, had its first practice and scrimmage in Portland, Oregon, at the home of the Rose City Rollers on November 7, 2016. It was one day after WFTDA champs, and the skaters were relaxed, happy, and having a lot of fun. It was a real joy to take pictures of this event.
In irrigation pivot on a field in Burley, Idaho with wind turbines in the background. Near W 500 S and S 400 W streets. 10/8/2018 Photo by Kirsten Strough
The wings of this starfighter spin, allowing thrust and projectiles to be oriented in any direction. Built using blue steering wheels from 70007 Eglor's Twin Bike. This was also my first time using Photoshop to edit LEGO pictures!
I had a lot of fun swooshing this one!
© Saúl Tuñón Loureda
El Puente de la Torre, en inglés Tower Bridge, es un puente levadizo situado en Londres que cruza el rÃo Támesis. Se sitúa cerca de la Torre de Londres, la que le da su nombre.
El puente es mantenido por Bridge House Estates, una compañÃa sin ánimo de lucro bajo la tutela de Corporation of London, el ayuntamiento de la City de Londres.
Durante la segunda parte del siglo XIX, el desarrollo económico en el este de Londres llevó a la necesidad de un nuevo paso sobre el rÃo, más abajo del Puente de Londres. No se podÃa construir el tradicional puente fijo debido a que cortarÃa el acceso al puerto que en esa época se situaba en el Pool of London (el Puerto de Londres original), entre el Puente de Londres y la Torre de Londres. Un túnel bajo el Támesis, Tower Subway, fue inaugurado en 1870, pero sólo servÃa para tráfico peatonal.
En 1876 se creó un comité especial para encontrar una solución al paso sobre el rÃo, que convocó un concurso para elegir el diseño del futuro puente. Más de 50 diseños fueron propuestos, incluido uno de Sir Joseph Bazalgette. La evaluación de los diseños estuvo rodeada de controversia, y no fue hasta 1884 cuando el creado por Horace Jones, el Arquitecto de la Ciudad, fue aprobado.
El diseño de Jones era un puente levadizo de 244 m de longitud y 7 m de anchura, con dos torres de 65 m de altura. La distancia central de 61 m entre las dos torres se divide en dos levas, que pueden elevarse hasta un ángulo de 83 grados para permitir pasar el tráfico fluvial. A pesar de que cada leva pesa más de 1000 toneladas, están contrapesadas para minimizar la energÃa requerida para elevarlas, lo que lleva un minuto. El mecanismo hidráulico original utilizaba agua a presión almacenada en seis acumuladores. El agua era bombeada dentro de los acumuladores mediante motores de vapor. Actualmente, la maquinaria hidráulica original todavÃa abre el puente, aunque ha sido modificado para utilizar aceite en lugar de agua, y motores eléctricos han sustituido el lugar de las máquinas de vapor y los acumuladores. El antiguo mecanismo está abierto al público. El puente puede cargar más de 2000 toneladas.
Cultura popular
Ha aparecido en pelÃculas tales como Spice World (1997), The Parent Trap, La momia, Harry Potter y la Orden del Fénix, El hombre lobo (2010), Sherlock Holmes (2009) y también en series de anime tales como Kinnikuman (Musculman) y Kuroshitsuji, siendo éste el "poder especial" de Robin Mask, también en los videojuegos, como Midnight Club: Street Racing y tuvo dos apariciones durante la Ceremonia de Apertura de los Juegos OlÃmpicos de Londres 2012, pasando por ahà el helicóptero que llevaba a la reina Isabel II acompañada de James Bond y también mostrando el relevo de la antorcha olÃmpica en su llegada al parque olÃmpico a través del RÃo Támesis a cargo de una deportista y David Beckham. Y musicalmente ha salido en los videoclips Midnight Memories de la banda One Direction y en This is love, de will.i.am.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puente_de_la_Torre
Tower Bridge (built 1886–1894) is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become an iconic symbol of London. Tower Bridge is one of five London bridges now owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust overseen by the City of London Corporation. It is the only one of the Trust's bridges not to connect the City of London directly to the Southwark bank, the northern landfall being in Tower Hamlets.
The bridge consists of two bridge towers tied together at the upper level by two horizontal walkways, designed to withstand the horizontal tension forces exerted by the suspended sections of the bridge on the landward sides of the towers. The vertical components of the forces in the suspended sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. The bridge's present colour scheme dates from 1977, when it was painted red, white and blue for Queen Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee. Originally it was painted a mid greenish-blue colour.
The bridge deck is freely accessible to both vehicles and pedestrians, whilst the bridge's twin towers, high-level walkways and Victorian engine rooms form part of the Tower Bridge Exhibition, for which an admission charge is made. The nearest London Underground tube stations are Tower Hill on the Circle and District lines, London Bridge on the Jubilee and Northern lines and Bermondsey on the Jubilee line, and the nearest Docklands Light Railway station is Tower Gateway. The nearest National Rail stations are at Fenchurch Street and London Bridge.
In the second half of the 19th century, increased commercial development in the East End of London led to a requirement for a new river crossing downstream of London Bridge. A traditional fixed bridge at street level could not be built because it would cut off access by sailing ships to the port facilities in the Pool of London, between London Bridge and the Tower of London.
A Special Bridge or Subway Committee was formed in 1877, chaired by Sir Albert Joseph Altman, to find a solution to the river crossing problem. It opened the design of the crossing to public competition. Over 50 designs were submitted, including one from civil engineer Sir Joseph Bazalgette. The evaluation of the designs was surrounded by controversy, and it was not until 1884 that a design submitted by Sir Horace Jones, the City Architect (who was also one of the judges),[3] was approved.
Jones' engineer, Sir John Wolfe Barry, devised the idea of a bascule bridge with two bridge towers built on piers. The central span was split into two equal bascules or leaves, which could be raised to allow river traffic to pass. The two side-spans were suspension bridges, with the suspension rods anchored both at the abutments and through rods contained within the bridge's upper walkways.
Construction started in 1887 and took eight years with five major contractors – Sir John Jackson (foundations), Baron Armstrong (hydraulics), William Webster, Sir H.H. Bartlett, and Sir William Arrol & Co.[4] – and employed 432 construction workers. E W Crutwell was the resident engineer for the construction.[5]
Two massive piers, containing over 70,000 tons of concrete,[3] were sunk into the riverbed to support the construction. Over 11,000 tons of steel provided the framework for the towers and walkways.[3] This was then clad in Cornish granite and Portland stone, both to protect the underlying steelwork and to give the bridge a pleasing appearance.
Jones died in 1886 and George D. Stevenson took over the project.[3] Stevenson replaced Jones's original brick façade with the more ornate Victorian Gothic style, which makes the bridge a distinctive landmark, and was intended to harmonise the bridge with the nearby Tower of London.[5] The total cost of construction was £1,184,000[5] (equivalent to £120 million in 2015).[6]
Opening
The bridge was officially opened on 30 June 1894 by The Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VII), and his wife, The Princess of Wales (Alexandra of Denmark).[7]
The bridge connected Iron Gate, on the north bank of the river, with Horselydown Lane, on the south – now known as Tower Bridge Approach and Tower Bridge Road, respectively.[5] Until the bridge was opened, the Tower Subway – 400 m to the west – was the shortest way to cross the river from Tower Hill to Tooley Street in Southwark. Opened in 1870, Tower Subway was among the world's earliest underground ("tube") railways, but it closed after just three months and was re-opened as a pedestrian foot tunnel. Once Tower Bridge was open, the majority of foot traffic transferred to using the bridge, there being no toll to pay to use it. Having lost most of its income, the tunnel was closed in 1898.[8]
The high-level open air walkways between the towers gained an unpleasant reputation as a haunt for prostitutes and pickpockets; as they were only accessible by stairs they were seldom used by regular pedestrians, and were closed in 1910.[citation needed]
Second World War
A Short Sunderland of No. 201 Squadron RAF moored at Tower Bridge during the 1956 commemoration of the Battle of Britain
During the Second World War and as a precaution against the existing engines being damaged by enemy action, a third engine was installed in 1942: a 150 hp horizontal cross-compound engine, built by Vickers Armstrong Ltd. at their Elswick works in Newcastle upon Tyne. It was fitted with a flywheel having a 9-foot (2.7 m) diameter and weighing 9 tons, and was governed to a speed of 30 rpm. The engine became redundant when the rest of the system was modernised in 1974, and was donated to the Forncett Industrial Steam Museum by the Corporation of the City of London.
Modernisation
In 1974, the original operating mechanism was largely replaced by a new electro-hydraulic drive system, designed by BHA Cromwell House, with the original final pinions driven by modern hydraulic motors and gearing. In 1982, the Tower Bridge Exhibition opened, housed in the bridge's twin towers, the long-closed high-level walkways and the Victorian engine rooms. The latter still house the original steam engines and some of the original hydraulic machinery.[10][11][12]
A computer system was installed in 2000 to control the raising and lowering of the bascules remotely. It proved unreliable, resulting in the bridge being stuck in the open or closed positions on several occasions during 2005 until its sensors were replaced.[13]
2008–2012 facelift
In April 2008 it was announced that the bridge would undergo a 'facelift' costing £4 million, and taking four years to complete. The work entailed stripping off the existing paint down to bare metal and repainting in blue and white. Each section was enshrouded in scaffolding and plastic sheeting to prevent the old paint falling into the Thames and causing pollution. Starting in mid-2008, contractors worked on a quarter of the bridge at a time to minimise disruption, but some road closures were inevitable. It is intended that the completed work will stand for 25 years.[14]
The renovation of the walkway interior was completed in mid-2009. Within the walkways a versatile new lighting system has been installed, designed by Eleni Shiarlis, for when the walkways are in use for exhibitions or functions. The new system provides for both feature and atmospheric lighting, the latter using bespoke RGB LED luminares, designed to be concealed within the bridge superstructure and fixed without the need for drilling (these requirements as a result of the bridge's Grade I status).[15]
The renovation of the four suspension chains was completed in March 2010 using a state-of-the-art coating system requiring up to six different layers of 'paint'.
Photo André Knoerr, Genève. Reproduction autorisée avec mention de la source.
Utilisation commerciale soumise à autorisation spéciale préalable.
Le soleil était de la partie le dimanche 16 octobre 2016 pour le deuxième jour de circulation de la nouvelle "Museumslinie" 7
M Parc (Depot Dreispitz) - Peter Merian - Bahnhof SBB - Aeschenplatz - Barfüsserplatz - Schifflände - Claraplatz - Messeplatz - Badischer Bahnhof - Eglisee.
Les deux courses étaient assurées par
Be 2/2 156 + B2 1193
Be 2/2 190 + B3 1303.
Les motrices Be 2/2 156, 181 et 190 ainsi que la Ce 2/2 215 sont également très fréquemment utilisées pour des courses charter.
Le convoi Be 2/2 190 + B3 1303 salue au passage dans la boucle du dépôt Dreispitz des véhicules sur le départ:
Les remorques FFA modernisées B 1455, 1460, 1461 et 1474 sont les dernières destinées à Beograd. Les trois premières citées y sont parties par camion le 20 octobre 2016.
La Be 4/6S 685 est destinée à Sofia. Elle est encore en réserve avec la B4S 1485.
On remarquera les types de lames d'aiguille: flexibles et pivotantes.
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