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Adi Shankaracharya / Life History
Adi Shankaracharya, One of the greatest philosophers of India, Adi Shankaracharya founded the Advaita Vedanta, which is one of the sub-schools of Vedanta. Adi Shankaracharya whole-heartedly believed in the concept of the Vedas but at the same time advocated against the rituals and religious practices that were over exaggerated. On a closer introspection of the life history of Sri Sankaracharya, we find that he also started the monastic order known as Dashanami and the Shanmata convention of worship. Given here is Adi Shankaracharya biography, which will give you valuable insight into the life of this great poet and philosopher.
Born in a simple Brahmin family approximately in the 8th century A.D in Kaladi, Kerala, he was named as Shankara and is considered to be the incarnation of Lord Shiva. It is said that Shankaracharya's mother Aryamba had a vision that Lord himself told her that he would incarnate in the form of her first-born child. Right from childhood he showed a penchant towards spiritual knowledge. He could easily recite the Puranas and the Epics and mastered the Vedas during his early years in Gurukul. Adi Shankara's teachings were thoroughly adopted by his disciples later on.
Right from childhood, Shankaracharya was interested in Sanyasa and wanted to lead a meaningful life detached from the worldly pleasures. Once, while taking a bath in Purna River, Shankaracharya was attacked by a crocodile. Though his mother wanted to rescue him, she could not and was helpless. Seeing the haplessness of his mother, he asked her permission for letting him renounce the world. She was left with no choice but to agree. As soon as he recited the mantra, the crocodile left him. Shankaracharya began his life as an ascetic from then on. He proceeded towards further down south of India in search of a Guru.
One fine day on the banks of River Narmada he met a man named Govinda Bhagavatpada. Since Shankaracharya was much learned about the Vedas and the Puranas, Govinda Bhagavatpada agreed to be his Guru for attaining spiritual knowledge. Under his tutelage, Shankaracharya gained expertise in different forms of Yoga that included Hatha, Raja and Jnana yoga. He then received the knowledge of Brahma. Thereafter he was known as Adi Shankaracharya whose sole purpose of life was to spread the teachings of Brahma Sutras all over the world.
Adi Sankaracharya believed in the philosophy of "non-dualism". He believed in the fact that every individual has a divine existence, which can be identified with the Supreme cosmic power. Though bodies are diverse, the soul is one. The moment someone believes that the concept of life is finite; they are discarding an entirely higher and different dimension of life and knowledge. Self-realization is the key to attain Moksha and connect with God. Though he died young, he left an invaluable treasure of spiritual knowledge for future generations.
Charles Dana Gibson (American illustrator, 1867-1944)
1901-1902 pen and ink on paper
illustration for Life Publishing Co.; published in the artist's collection The Social Ladder (1902)
See MCAD Library's catalog record for this book.
Gibson, Charles Dana. The Gibson Book; a Collection of the Published Works of Charles Dana Gibson ... New York: C. Scribner’s Sons [etc.], 1906
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POIKKAL KUTHIRAI - FAMOUS TAMIL FOLK ART FARM
Folk arts typically closely represent the culture and heritage of a region. In Tamil Nadu, the dance form of Poikkal Kuthirai Aatam is one such art. Also called Puravai Aatam, this is one of the oldest dance forms of the state that has been the birthplace for various innovative arts.As a community art, this dance is popular in villages across Tamil Nadu and has blended with the day-to-day life of the people. Unlike Karagattam and Kavadi Aatam, both religious dances, Poikkal Kuthirai is mostly performed as an entertainment during festivals. It may also be performed as part of religious celebrations; for instance, in honor of Ayyanar, the Hindu idol that is worshipped to protect the village.
Poikkal Kuthirai Aatam is performed bearing a lightweight dummy horse around the dancer’s waist. This dance may be called Puravi Naatiyam (Horse Dance), Poi Kuthirai (False Horse) and Marakkaladal (Wooden Leg Dancing). It is also popular in states other than Tamil Nadu. The dance is known as Saithikoda in Orissa, Theelu Gurram in Andhra Pradesh, Kachikoti in Rajasthan and Kuthikali in Kerala.
HISTORY
It is said that Poikkal Kuthirai Aatam was introduced to Tamil Nadu by the Maratha kings. There are also references to this art form in early Tamil epics. The dance is one of the 11 dances performed by Madhavi, a character in Silappadikaram. This work was written in the 2nd century and is one of the ancient epics of the Tamil language. References to Poikkal Kuthirai Aatam can also be found in the epic Tholkaapiam. In one section, the heroine’s parents ban the marriage between their daughter and her lover. The hero dons a horse-like structure made up of maple leaves and starts protesting in the streets to marry the girl. Mentions in these epics indicate that this art form originated many centuries ago.
There is a legend that Goddess Durga used to perform this dance. To take revenge, her enemies disguised themselves as poisonous snakes and scorpions, and planned to bite her while dancing. Durga was aware of their plan and for self-protection she tied wood around her legs and danced. As a result of heavy dance steps made by her, her enemies died. This gave the dance the name of Marakkaladal, or Wooden Leg Dancing. Later, the dance was renamed Poikkal Kuthirai.
AESTHETICS
The dummy horse is typically made up of jute, cardboard, paper and glass. It contains a hole into which the dancer can fit. The legs of the horse are, of course, the legs of the dancers, but it looks as if the dancer is sitting on a horse. The dancers also don wooden legs that sound like the horse’s hooves. The dummy horse is adorned with colorful skirts that swing around with the movements of the dancers.
This dance requires extensive training and skill as the wooden legs constrict one’s movement and are also heavy. In some places, such as Madurai, there is a practice of performing the dance without wooden legs and they dance barefoot, wearing only anklets.
This dance is typically performed in oorvalam, meaning procession, which covers all the areas surrounding the temple during festivals. Dancers often portray kings and queens and sport swords. Sometimes, the dance is performed by groups of eight or ten dancers standing in circles or lines.
Poikkal Kuthirai Aatam is performed to the accompaniment of Naiyandi Melam. A Naiyandi Melam musical ensemble typically includes two nathaswarams (wind-pipes), one sudhipetti, and one thaalam, and several drums played with drum sticks such as thavils, pambai, kidumutti or sinukuchatti. This is the style followed in Kongunadu region of Tamil Nadu. In southern parts of the state, an urumi—a drum with two conical heads—is also used along with the other instruments.
STALWARTS
Mr. Ramakrishnan, who lived in Thiruvayaru (near Tanjavur), was the first person to practice Poikkal Kuthirai Aatam.
POPULARITY
Poikkal Kuthirai Aatam is famous all over Tamil Nadu and most parts of India.
M.G. Ramachandran (former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu) was a great fan of various forms of dances. Poikkal Kuthirai Aatam was one of his favorites.
Sculptures of Poikkal Kuthirai Aatam can be seen in Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu, near Loyola School, Valluvar Kottam, Cathedral Road and Tirumalai Road.
Poikkal Kuthirai Aatam was made popular in the state of Tamil Nadu, and particularly in Chennai, by the Chennai Sangamam festival a few years ago.
INSTITUTIONS
Some institutes that provide training in folk dance forms are
● Alapadma Dance Yoga
● Academy of Arts of India, Chennai
● Academy of Modern Dance, Chennai
● Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar
● Koothambalam, Chennai
● PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore.
Charles Dana Gibson (American illustrator, 1867-1944)
1904 pen and ink on paper
illustration for Collier's Weekly; published in the artist's collection Everyday People (1904)
See MCAD Library's catalog record for this book.
Gibson, Charles Dana. The Gibson Book; a Collection of the Published Works of Charles Dana Gibson ... New York: C. Scribner’s Sons [etc.], 1906
每日藝術 - 2019年10月03日
（2019）你若愛
你若愛，生活哪裡都可愛。
你若恨，生活哪裡都可恨。
你若感恩，處處可感恩。
你若成長，事事可成長。
不是世界選擇了你，
是你選擇了這個世界。
既然無處可躲，不如傻樂。
既然無處可逃，不如喜悅。
既然沒有凈土，不如靜心。
既然沒有如願，不如釋然。
- 豐子愷
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本作品畫的黑豬仔來自此油管視頻：
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Daily Art - Day 10-03-19
(2019) If You Love
If you love, life is lovely.
If you hate, life is hateful.
If you are grateful, anything can inspire you so.
If you can grow, everything can trigger you so.
Not the world has chosen you to be so,
you have chosen the world to be it.
Since there is no refuge, might as well be cheerful.
Since there is no retreat, might as well be content.
Since there is no utopia, might as well be calm.
Since there is no assurance, might as well be satisfied.
- Feng Zikai
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The piglet is based on a YouTube clip by Kitten Lady (www.KittenLady.org):
(#15,743 / #333)
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#dailyart #illustration #pendrawing #animalart #creatureart #swine #pig #piglet #blackpiglet #newborn #wisdom #love #hate #life #attitude #fengzikai #智慧 #愛 #仇恨 #生活 #態度 #豐子愷 #豬 #小豬 #hinxlinx #ericlynxlin #elynx #軒 #instaart #artofinstagram
Charles Dana Gibson (American illustrator, 1867-1944)
1905 pen and ink on paper
illustration for Collier's Weekly; published in the artist's collection Our Neighbors (1905)
See MCAD Library's catalog record for this book.
Gibson, Charles Dana. The Gibson Book; a Collection of the Published Works of Charles Dana Gibson ... New York: C. Scribner’s Sons [etc.], 1906
Charles Dana Gibson (American illustrator, 1867-1944)
1905 pen and ink on paper
illustration for Collier's Weekly; published in the artist's collection Our Neighbors (1905)
See MCAD Library's catalog record for this book.
Gibson, Charles Dana. The Gibson Book; a Collection of the Published Works of Charles Dana Gibson ... New York: C. Scribner’s Sons [etc.], 1906