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Swanbourne Lake lies in the lower part of a deep steep-sided valley or coombe that has been eroded into the chalk bedrock. The valley starts at the crest of the Downs and ends in the flood plain of the River Arun, which is underlain by soft alluvial clay and peat. In its natural state, the lower part of the valley would also have had alluvium and probably a stream fed from springs that emerged from the chalk.
Damming of a stream in the valley, marked on maps as Pugh Dean Bottom, eventually created the lake that we see today with its overflow of a sparkling chalk stream we know as the Mill Stream. The whole area is rich with plants and wildlife such as local and exotic water birds, water rats, voles, bats and dragonflies. (With grateful thanks to David Shilston for this information.)
A mill pond is known to have existed on the site in the c11th prior to the Norman Conquest. Records tell us that in 1066 the mill pond powered a water mill which was valued at 40/- per annum. In 1340 the mill tithes bought in £3 and income from the mill supported the Priory (Next to St Nicholas Church), the castle Chaplain (In 1301) and the leper hospital of St. James which was located in the area now know as Park Bottom (In 1272).
It was recorded in 1595 that the pond was, "Too cold for fish in the summer but never too cold to freeze in winter".
During the Civil War William Wallers Parliamentarian troops entered Arundel from South Stoke along Mill lane and beat down the two earth works erected by the castle defenders. There is a very brief reference to the pond as a water source in 1644 during the Civil War noting that the pipes supplying water were cut by the Parliamentarians.
The reference infers that there was a pumped supply from outside the castle to the besieged Royalist troops inside but no indication to the type of pump or how it was powered although it is likely that water would have been pumped to a cistern in the castle grounds from one of the springs at the south end of the pond.
In 1768/9 the mill is recorded as grinding corn for Sir John Shelley of Michelgrove a great political opponent to the Duke of Norfolk of the day, Duke Edward. The mill pond which was located near to the current road was enlarged in the late 1700s covering about 17 acres to become the lake we see today.
The Miller Robert Horne (Born 1769) is recorded as being killed on 1 January 1813 believed to be by the accidental starting of the water wheel at the mill. He was a Quaker and was buried in their burial ground in Tarrant Street behind the wall directly opposite Sparks Yard. Arundel museum has a gravestone that was always believed to have been this Robert Horne, however, upon closer inspection for this article, it was noted that the year and the name was correct but the age at death was stated as thirteen. Clearly a mystery for another day.
In 1834, Mark Aloysius Tierney wrote of Swanbourne Lake, "...in whose presence the lapse of centuries will easily be forgotten, and the mind, hastening back to the age of the Confessor, will muse on the lake and the stream as they existed then, and fancy itself beside the mill which was at work nearly eight hundred years ago".
âArundel Mill and Castle, the subject of John Constable's last great oil painting was not exhibited at the royal Academy until after his death in 1837. Constable adored Arundel and wrote, "I never saw such beauty on natural landscapes before.....The meadows are lovely, so is the delightful river, but the trees are above all".
The old water mill was demolished c1844 to make way for the castle Dairy, new pump house, a cow shed and dairyman's residence.
In 1846 Queen Victoria was given a tour of the new dairy and wrote in her diary: "We lunched with all the company, and afterwards took a nice, long walk with them all down the Slopes Walk to a charming Dairy, with gardens and a pretty little cottage, for the Duchess's use, all so nicely kept" The dairy still supplied the castle with butter, cream and milk in 1893 even when the Duke and his family were in London. Any surplus was given to the poor of the parish.
In the early 1900âs there was a Commemorative firework display at Swanbourne Lodge. An article from the time notes, "Swanbourne Lake was transformed into a veritable fairyland. Chinese lanterns and coloured lights in every conceivable form of fanciful display". The Duke and Duchess and their party must have had a wonderful view of the proceedings from where they were located on the island in the lake. The article goes on to say, "Great was the delight of the crowds at the display of wailing fireworks, which, with ghost-like shrieks, echoed against the hillsides. There followed a great white waterfall of fire, and in conclusion, a firework portrait of the King, and the music of the National Anthem from the band in the trees."
In 1931 areas within a series of lynchets (a bank of earth that builds up on the down slope of a field ploughed over a long period of time), belonging to agricultural field systems were excavated in 1931. This area was located on high ground above the Boxcopse just past the far end of the lake. It was known as "Shepherds Garden" from a name that appeared on an early estate map. Evidence of a number of wattle and daub buildings strengthened with flint were discovered which appeared to represent Romano-British domestic occupation. Finds included pottery, tiles and coins ranging from late Iron Age to the 3rd or 4th century AD. Fragments of pottery can often be seen scattered across this area through disturbance by animals but one should not be tempted to remove pieces from this listed site.
In 1940 at 6.30am on 13th August a German WW2 Ju88A-1 aircraft belonging to Stab II/KG 54 was shot down by Tangmere based Hurricanes whilst en-route to bomb Farnborough. The plane smashed through some beech trees on the west side of the lake, ripping itself apart as it careered down the steep embankment. The engines were torn off as it hit the footpath while the remains of the airframe continued into the far end of the lake. â The damaged trees could still be seen until the 1987 storm.
Of the four crew members, two baled out and became prisoners of war, the parachute of one caught on the tail dragging him to his death while the other was found mortally wounded in a tree in Worthing. Portions of the plane could be seen when the lake dried out in 1989. The 2 airmen who died are buried in St. Andrew's Churchyard at Tangmere, near Arundel. One of the defused bombs recovered from the wreckage many years later can be seen on display at Arundel castle.
In the summer 1948 the body of 27 year visitor to the town by the name of Joan Woodhouse was discovered in the Boxcopse area which is on the side of the hill just past the far end of the lake. The body was discovered ten days later by a local man and reported to the Police. The Pathologist confirmed that she had been murdered. Following a high profile investigation by Scotland Yard the Police's key suspect was the local man who reported finding the body. Although a public prosecution was attempted followed by a very rare private prosecution funded by relatives of the murdered woman, no one was ever convicted of this murder which made headlines around the world.
The pump house, that was built in 1846, was taken out of commission in c1955 following a number of mechanical updates over the years. One of the three water cisterns in the castle grounds that this pump supplied was still in use up until the 1940's. It can still be seen as the roofless brick built structure near the N/E corner of the cricket ground.
For a number of years from the mid 1970âs onwards, the lake suffered from low water levels and in some cases, the central area all but dried up. This appears to have been resolved by the dredging that was carried out in 2001.
In c 1987 the mill pond was converted into a trout farm where one couple pay to feed the fish. This venture has been closed for a number of years now.
The castle Pump house by the dairy was restored in the 1990's by the Arundel Castle Estate and the Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society who also cleaned up the pumping machinery. It is possible to view this by appointment.
Today, Swanbourne lake is enjoyed each year by thousands of visitors and locals alike for it beauty and by taking one of the footpaths off of the main lake walk, one can enjoy absolute tranquillity immersed in nature.
A Brief History of Swanbourne Lake by Local historian Mark Phillips and Adge Roberts - Published in the June 2015 edition of the Arundel Bell magazine.
Image processed in On1 Photo 10
all copyrights reserved © 2016 Art Hutchins ~ Art's Eye photographic©
Robert Haldane MAKGILL
C.B.E., M.D., D.P.H.
Born 24th May 1878 Died 3rd Oct. 1946
2nd son of Sir John and Lady Margaret Makgill
M.O. 2nd Gordon Highlanders South Africa 1900-1
LT Col R.A.M.C. [Royal Army Medical Corp] Egypt 1914-18 (C.B.E.)
34 Years service in public health work which he pioneered
A life given for service not self.
In memory of
Agnes Rebecca
Beloved wife of
Hamilton RUTHERFURD
Eldest daughter of
John MAKGILL Bart
Died 14th January 1938
Aged 70
Margaret Isabella
Wife of
John MAKGILL
Of Kemback and Waiuku
Daughter of
Robert HALDANE
Of Perthshire, Scotland
Born January 5th 1847
Died March 18th 1920
Her children arise up and call her blessed
In memory of Joanna
Beloved wife of
Thomas MIDDLETON
Died 18th October 1933 aged 69
Also
Thomas
Beloved husband of
Joanna
Died May 14th 1939
Aged 76
In loving memory of Marion Joyce
Dearly loved wife of
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
And loving mother of April and David
Died 20th September 1959 aged 67 years
Also her dearly loved husband
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
Died 8th May 1981 Aged 84 years
“Father in thy gracious keeping leave we now thy servant sleeping”
ROBERT HALDANE MAKGILL
A fabulous portrait of the man is here
www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/robert-makgill
Robert Haldane Makgill was born on 24 May 1870 at Stirling, Scotland, the son of Margaret Isabella Haldane and her husband, Captain Sir John Makgill of the Royal Engineers. His mother came from a distinguished family: two of her brothers, a sister and a nephew achieved prominence in British public and academic life. Robert also showed unusual intellectual gifts from an early age.
The Makgill family emigrated to New Zealand in 1881 and settled at Waiuku, south of Auckland, where John Makgill took up farming. Robert was educated at a country school near Waiuku, then at Auckland College and Grammar School. As a youth he was a keen yachtsman and won several trophies. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating MB, CM in 1893 with first-class honours. Returning to New Zealand, he was resident surgeon at Auckland Hospital from 1894 to 1896 and honorary bacteriologist in 1897. He went back to Edinburgh to gain his MD in 1899, and completed the diploma in public health from Cambridge University in 1901. By then he had been to South Africa as a civil surgeon attached to the 2nd Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders, and served with the Natal Field Force, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with two clasps.
After returning to Auckland Makgill was district health officer between 1901 and 1904, the first appointed for Auckland under the 1900 Public Health Act. His reports set a high standard for the new Department of Public Health, and were described as 'masterly' by Andrew Balfour and H. H. Scott in their 1924 survey of health problems in the British Empire. In 1902 Makgill reported on a case of bubonic plague in Auckland, with a detailed description of the pathology. His report as district health officer for that year included graphs and tables, with a comprehensive assessment of public health problems in Auckland city and country districts. Makgill's outstanding ability gained him further appointments: as government bacteriologist in Wellington (1904–8), and then as government pathologist (1908–14), and from 1909 as district health officer in Auckland.
A major part of Makgill's work as a district health officer was the testing and improvement of town water supplies. In Auckland in 1914 he investigated a typhoid epidemic; his scrupulous testing and quarantine methods finally traced the infection to a single carrier in a temporary army camp on One Tree Hill. Ironically, one of his nieces, Barbara Makgill, was among the first reported cases, all of which were marked by red flags on a map of the city; after the epidemic he gave Barbara her flag as a souvenir.
After the onset of the First World War in 1914, Makgill was attached to the Royal Army Medical Corps as a temporary captain and in 1915 and 1916 served in the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was made a CBE, but later told his family that the decoration was 'for camel dung and sand': observing that the sand in the camel lines when mixed with camel dung set hard like concrete, he had ordered that the mixture be used for road paving, thereby greatly improving transport and communications.
In 1916 Makgill returned to New Zealand as assistant director of medical services (sanitation) and reported on the outbreaks of pneumonia and meningitis in the military camps at Trentham and Featherston. During the 1918 influenza epidemic he was recalled from the Defence Department when key health officers fell ill, and was largely responsible for dealing with the later phase of the crisis in the Wellington district. While Dr T. H. A. Valintine took leave in 1919–20, Makgill was acting chief health officer, and remained in the Health Department as a senior consultant until his retirement in 1932.
Although not contributing much to the medical journals, Makgill wrote extensively for the annual reports and other Health Department publications. His report on the 1918 influenza epidemic in New Zealand was a model of careful statistical investigation; it argued against the popular belief that the infection had been introduced solely by the Niagara. The crowning achievement of his career as a public health administrator was his expert drafting of the 1920 Health Act, which established the framework of New Zealand's public health system for the next 40 years. He was also involved in drafting the 1925 Nurses and Midwives Registration Act and drafted most of New Zealand's food and drug regulations in the 1920s.
Makgill owned an orchard near Henderson, where his mother lived until her death in 1920, and where he experimented with unusual fruits and vegetables. His best success was with Chinese gooseberries (now better known as kiwifruit). After retiring from the Health Department Makgill regularly visited the United Kingdom, signing on as a ship's doctor on cargo vessels for a nominal salary of one shilling. He stayed with his Haldane relatives at Oxford, where he joined with his uncle, the physiologist Professor Sir John Scott Haldane, in experiments in respiration and the treatment of burns. Barbara Makgill recalls that their arms were 'a mass of scars' from self-inflicted burns as they tried to find the most effective treatment for miners burnt by firedamp (methane) given off by coal. Although he never married, Makgill's keen sense of humour made him a favourite with his nieces and nephews. A stroke partially paralysed his right side not long before he died in Auckland on 3 October 1946, but did not affect his mind.
Robert Makgill deserves to be remembered alongside J. M. Mason, T. H. A. Valintine and J. P. Frengley as one of the architects of New Zealand's public health system in the twentieth century. In almost 30 years in the Health Department he occupied at one time or another all of the senior posts, and his knowledge of New Zealand's public health system was unequalled. [1]
MARGARET ISABELLA MAKGILL nee HALDANE
Extensive family tree
THOMAS MIDDLETON
Area 1 Block H Lot No. 29A
…at his residence 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden… in his seventy-seventh year. Service at St. Barnabas’ Church, to-morrow (Tuesday) at 11 a.m.[2]
JOANNA MIDDLETON
New Zealand Herald, Volume XXIII, Issue 7681, 5 July 1886, Page 4
Marriages
HEELIS-MIDDLETON On July 1 by the Rev. P. J. Riddle, Thomas MIDDLETON, son of the late George MIDDLETON, Esq., of Rosshire, to Joanna HEELIS, adopted daughter of Captain and Mrs. Makgill, Waiuku.[3]
…at her late residence, 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden, Joanna…private interment[4]
Joanna and Thomas daughter Margaret Dorothy died at 11 Windmill Road also on January 6th 1939 and is interred at Waikaraka[5] Area 1 Block EXT Lot No 161B with her sister’s Vere who died 8 June 1949 and Mona MCKENZIE died 13 December 1977 aged 81; also Thomas MIDDLETON’s sister also named Vere who died 4 Dec 1951. [6]
SOURCES:
[1]
Geoffrey W. Rice. 'Makgill, Robert Haldane', from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 12-Nov-2013
URL: www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/biographies/3m39/makgill-robert-haldane
[2]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=AS...
[3]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[4]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[5]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[6]
Auckland Council cemetery database via libraries site: www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/cemeteries/cemetery.html
Robert Haldane MAKGILL
C.B.E., M.D., D.P.H.
Born 24th May 1878 Died 3rd Oct. 1946
2nd son of Sir John and Lady Margaret Makgill
M.O. 2nd Gordon Highlanders South Africa 1900-1
LT Col R.A.M.C. [Royal Army Medical Corp] Egypt 1914-18 (C.B.E.)
34 Years service in public health work which he pioneered
A life given for service not self.
In memory of
Agnes Rebecca
Beloved wife of
Hamilton RUTHERFURD
Eldest daughter of
John MAKGILL Bart
Died 14th January 1938
Aged 70
Margaret Isabella
Wife of
John MAKGILL
Of Kemback and Waiuku
Daughter of
Robert HALDANE
Of Perthshire, Scotland
Born January 5th 1847
Died March 18th 1920
Her children arise up and call her blessed
In memory of Joanna
Beloved wife of
Thomas MIDDLETON
Died 18th October 1933 aged 69
Also
Thomas
Beloved husband of
Joanna
Died May 14th 1939
Aged 76
In loving memory of Marion Joyce
Dearly loved wife of
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
And loving mother of April and David
Died 20th September 1959 aged 67 years
Also her dearly loved husband
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
Died 8th May 1981 Aged 84 years
“Father in thy gracious keeping leave we now thy servant sleeping”
ROBERT HALDANE MAKGILL
A fabulous portrait of the man is here
www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/robert-makgill
Robert Haldane Makgill was born on 24 May 1870 at Stirling, Scotland, the son of Margaret Isabella Haldane and her husband, Captain Sir John Makgill of the Royal Engineers. His mother came from a distinguished family: two of her brothers, a sister and a nephew achieved prominence in British public and academic life. Robert also showed unusual intellectual gifts from an early age.
The Makgill family emigrated to New Zealand in 1881 and settled at Waiuku, south of Auckland, where John Makgill took up farming. Robert was educated at a country school near Waiuku, then at Auckland College and Grammar School. As a youth he was a keen yachtsman and won several trophies. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating MB, CM in 1893 with first-class honours. Returning to New Zealand, he was resident surgeon at Auckland Hospital from 1894 to 1896 and honorary bacteriologist in 1897. He went back to Edinburgh to gain his MD in 1899, and completed the diploma in public health from Cambridge University in 1901. By then he had been to South Africa as a civil surgeon attached to the 2nd Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders, and served with the Natal Field Force, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with two clasps.
After returning to Auckland Makgill was district health officer between 1901 and 1904, the first appointed for Auckland under the 1900 Public Health Act. His reports set a high standard for the new Department of Public Health, and were described as 'masterly' by Andrew Balfour and H. H. Scott in their 1924 survey of health problems in the British Empire. In 1902 Makgill reported on a case of bubonic plague in Auckland, with a detailed description of the pathology. His report as district health officer for that year included graphs and tables, with a comprehensive assessment of public health problems in Auckland city and country districts. Makgill's outstanding ability gained him further appointments: as government bacteriologist in Wellington (1904–8), and then as government pathologist (1908–14), and from 1909 as district health officer in Auckland.
A major part of Makgill's work as a district health officer was the testing and improvement of town water supplies. In Auckland in 1914 he investigated a typhoid epidemic; his scrupulous testing and quarantine methods finally traced the infection to a single carrier in a temporary army camp on One Tree Hill. Ironically, one of his nieces, Barbara Makgill, was among the first reported cases, all of which were marked by red flags on a map of the city; after the epidemic he gave Barbara her flag as a souvenir.
After the onset of the First World War in 1914, Makgill was attached to the Royal Army Medical Corps as a temporary captain and in 1915 and 1916 served in the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was made a CBE, but later told his family that the decoration was 'for camel dung and sand': observing that the sand in the camel lines when mixed with camel dung set hard like concrete, he had ordered that the mixture be used for road paving, thereby greatly improving transport and communications.
In 1916 Makgill returned to New Zealand as assistant director of medical services (sanitation) and reported on the outbreaks of pneumonia and meningitis in the military camps at Trentham and Featherston. During the 1918 influenza epidemic he was recalled from the Defence Department when key health officers fell ill, and was largely responsible for dealing with the later phase of the crisis in the Wellington district. While Dr T. H. A. Valintine took leave in 1919–20, Makgill was acting chief health officer, and remained in the Health Department as a senior consultant until his retirement in 1932.
Although not contributing much to the medical journals, Makgill wrote extensively for the annual reports and other Health Department publications. His report on the 1918 influenza epidemic in New Zealand was a model of careful statistical investigation; it argued against the popular belief that the infection had been introduced solely by the Niagara. The crowning achievement of his career as a public health administrator was his expert drafting of the 1920 Health Act, which established the framework of New Zealand's public health system for the next 40 years. He was also involved in drafting the 1925 Nurses and Midwives Registration Act and drafted most of New Zealand's food and drug regulations in the 1920s.
Makgill owned an orchard near Henderson, where his mother lived until her death in 1920, and where he experimented with unusual fruits and vegetables. His best success was with Chinese gooseberries (now better known as kiwifruit). After retiring from the Health Department Makgill regularly visited the United Kingdom, signing on as a ship's doctor on cargo vessels for a nominal salary of one shilling. He stayed with his Haldane relatives at Oxford, where he joined with his uncle, the physiologist Professor Sir John Scott Haldane, in experiments in respiration and the treatment of burns. Barbara Makgill recalls that their arms were 'a mass of scars' from self-inflicted burns as they tried to find the most effective treatment for miners burnt by firedamp (methane) given off by coal. Although he never married, Makgill's keen sense of humour made him a favourite with his nieces and nephews. A stroke partially paralysed his right side not long before he died in Auckland on 3 October 1946, but did not affect his mind.
Robert Makgill deserves to be remembered alongside J. M. Mason, T. H. A. Valintine and J. P. Frengley as one of the architects of New Zealand's public health system in the twentieth century. In almost 30 years in the Health Department he occupied at one time or another all of the senior posts, and his knowledge of New Zealand's public health system was unequalled. [1]
MARGARET ISABELLA MAKGILL nee HALDANE
Extensive family tree
THOMAS MIDDLETON
Area 1 Block H Lot No. 29A
…at his residence 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden… in his seventy-seventh year. Service at St. Barnabas’ Church, to-morrow (Tuesday) at 11 a.m.[2]
JOANNA MIDDLETON
New Zealand Herald, Volume XXIII, Issue 7681, 5 July 1886, Page 4
Marriages
HEELIS-MIDDLETON On July 1 by the Rev. P. J. Riddle, Thomas MIDDLETON, son of the late George MIDDLETON, Esq., of Rosshire, to Joanna HEELIS, adopted daughter of Captain and Mrs. Makgill, Waiuku.[3]
…at her late residence, 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden, Joanna…private interment[4]
Joanna and Thomas daughter Margaret Dorothy died at 11 Windmill Road also on January 6th 1939 and is interred at Waikaraka[5] Area 1 Block EXT Lot No 161B with her sister’s Vere who died 8 June 1949 and Mona MCKENZIE died 13 December 1977 aged 81; also Thomas MIDDLETON’s sister also named Vere who died 4 Dec 1951. [6]
SOURCES:
[1]
Geoffrey W. Rice. 'Makgill, Robert Haldane', from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 12-Nov-2013
URL: www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/biographies/3m39/makgill-robert-haldane
[2]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=AS...
[3]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[4]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[5]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[6]
Auckland Council cemetery database via libraries site: www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/cemeteries/cemetery.html
Robert Haldane MAKGILL
C.B.E., M.D., D.P.H.
Born 24th May 1878 Died 3rd Oct. 1946
2nd son of Sir John and Lady Margaret Makgill
M.O. 2nd Gordon Highlanders South Africa 1900-1
LT Col R.A.M.C. [Royal Army Medical Corp] Egypt 1914-18 (C.B.E.)
34 Years service in public health work which he pioneered
A life given for service not self.
In memory of
Agnes Rebecca
Beloved wife of
Hamilton RUTHERFURD
Eldest daughter of
John MAKGILL Bart
Died 14th January 1938
Aged 70
Margaret Isabella
Wife of
John MAKGILL
Of Kemback and Waiuku
Daughter of
Robert HALDANE
Of Perthshire, Scotland
Born January 5th 1847
Died March 18th 1920
Her children arise up and call her blessed
In memory of Joanna
Beloved wife of
Thomas MIDDLETON
Died 18th October 1933 aged 69
Also
Thomas
Beloved husband of
Joanna
Died May 14th 1939
Aged 76
In loving memory of Marion Joyce
Dearly loved wife of
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
And loving mother of April and David
Died 20th September 1959 aged 67 years
Also her dearly loved husband
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
Died 8th May 1981 Aged 84 years
“Father in thy gracious keeping leave we now thy servant sleeping”
ROBERT HALDANE MAKGILL
A fabulous portrait of the man is here
www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/robert-makgill
Robert Haldane Makgill was born on 24 May 1870 at Stirling, Scotland, the son of Margaret Isabella Haldane and her husband, Captain Sir John Makgill of the Royal Engineers. His mother came from a distinguished family: two of her brothers, a sister and a nephew achieved prominence in British public and academic life. Robert also showed unusual intellectual gifts from an early age.
The Makgill family emigrated to New Zealand in 1881 and settled at Waiuku, south of Auckland, where John Makgill took up farming. Robert was educated at a country school near Waiuku, then at Auckland College and Grammar School. As a youth he was a keen yachtsman and won several trophies. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating MB, CM in 1893 with first-class honours. Returning to New Zealand, he was resident surgeon at Auckland Hospital from 1894 to 1896 and honorary bacteriologist in 1897. He went back to Edinburgh to gain his MD in 1899, and completed the diploma in public health from Cambridge University in 1901. By then he had been to South Africa as a civil surgeon attached to the 2nd Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders, and served with the Natal Field Force, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with two clasps.
After returning to Auckland Makgill was district health officer between 1901 and 1904, the first appointed for Auckland under the 1900 Public Health Act. His reports set a high standard for the new Department of Public Health, and were described as 'masterly' by Andrew Balfour and H. H. Scott in their 1924 survey of health problems in the British Empire. In 1902 Makgill reported on a case of bubonic plague in Auckland, with a detailed description of the pathology. His report as district health officer for that year included graphs and tables, with a comprehensive assessment of public health problems in Auckland city and country districts. Makgill's outstanding ability gained him further appointments: as government bacteriologist in Wellington (1904–8), and then as government pathologist (1908–14), and from 1909 as district health officer in Auckland.
A major part of Makgill's work as a district health officer was the testing and improvement of town water supplies. In Auckland in 1914 he investigated a typhoid epidemic; his scrupulous testing and quarantine methods finally traced the infection to a single carrier in a temporary army camp on One Tree Hill. Ironically, one of his nieces, Barbara Makgill, was among the first reported cases, all of which were marked by red flags on a map of the city; after the epidemic he gave Barbara her flag as a souvenir.
After the onset of the First World War in 1914, Makgill was attached to the Royal Army Medical Corps as a temporary captain and in 1915 and 1916 served in the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was made a CBE, but later told his family that the decoration was 'for camel dung and sand': observing that the sand in the camel lines when mixed with camel dung set hard like concrete, he had ordered that the mixture be used for road paving, thereby greatly improving transport and communications.
In 1916 Makgill returned to New Zealand as assistant director of medical services (sanitation) and reported on the outbreaks of pneumonia and meningitis in the military camps at Trentham and Featherston. During the 1918 influenza epidemic he was recalled from the Defence Department when key health officers fell ill, and was largely responsible for dealing with the later phase of the crisis in the Wellington district. While Dr T. H. A. Valintine took leave in 1919–20, Makgill was acting chief health officer, and remained in the Health Department as a senior consultant until his retirement in 1932.
Although not contributing much to the medical journals, Makgill wrote extensively for the annual reports and other Health Department publications. His report on the 1918 influenza epidemic in New Zealand was a model of careful statistical investigation; it argued against the popular belief that the infection had been introduced solely by the Niagara. The crowning achievement of his career as a public health administrator was his expert drafting of the 1920 Health Act, which established the framework of New Zealand's public health system for the next 40 years. He was also involved in drafting the 1925 Nurses and Midwives Registration Act and drafted most of New Zealand's food and drug regulations in the 1920s.
Makgill owned an orchard near Henderson, where his mother lived until her death in 1920, and where he experimented with unusual fruits and vegetables. His best success was with Chinese gooseberries (now better known as kiwifruit). After retiring from the Health Department Makgill regularly visited the United Kingdom, signing on as a ship's doctor on cargo vessels for a nominal salary of one shilling. He stayed with his Haldane relatives at Oxford, where he joined with his uncle, the physiologist Professor Sir John Scott Haldane, in experiments in respiration and the treatment of burns. Barbara Makgill recalls that their arms were 'a mass of scars' from self-inflicted burns as they tried to find the most effective treatment for miners burnt by firedamp (methane) given off by coal. Although he never married, Makgill's keen sense of humour made him a favourite with his nieces and nephews. A stroke partially paralysed his right side not long before he died in Auckland on 3 October 1946, but did not affect his mind.
Robert Makgill deserves to be remembered alongside J. M. Mason, T. H. A. Valintine and J. P. Frengley as one of the architects of New Zealand's public health system in the twentieth century. In almost 30 years in the Health Department he occupied at one time or another all of the senior posts, and his knowledge of New Zealand's public health system was unequalled. [1]
MARGARET ISABELLA MAKGILL nee HALDANE
Extensive family tree
THOMAS MIDDLETON
Area 1 Block H Lot No. 29A
…at his residence 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden… in his seventy-seventh year. Service at St. Barnabas’ Church, to-morrow (Tuesday) at 11 a.m.[2]
JOANNA MIDDLETON
New Zealand Herald, Volume XXIII, Issue 7681, 5 July 1886, Page 4
Marriages
HEELIS-MIDDLETON On July 1 by the Rev. P. J. Riddle, Thomas MIDDLETON, son of the late George MIDDLETON, Esq., of Rosshire, to Joanna HEELIS, adopted daughter of Captain and Mrs. Makgill, Waiuku.[3]
…at her late residence, 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden, Joanna…private interment[4]
Joanna and Thomas daughter Margaret Dorothy died at 11 Windmill Road also on January 6th 1939 and is interred at Waikaraka[5] Area 1 Block EXT Lot No 161B with her sister’s Vere who died 8 June 1949 and Mona MCKENZIE died 13 December 1977 aged 81; also Thomas MIDDLETON’s sister also named Vere who died 4 Dec 1951. [6]
SOURCES:
[1]
Geoffrey W. Rice. 'Makgill, Robert Haldane', from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 12-Nov-2013
URL: www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/biographies/3m39/makgill-robert-haldane
[2]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=AS...
[3]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[4]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[5]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[6]
Auckland Council cemetery database via libraries site: www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/cemeteries/cemetery.html
Pathologist: Doctor killed Beethoven
By GEORGE JAHN, Associated Press Writer
Tue Aug 28, 2007
VIENNA, Austria - Did someone kill Beethoven? A Viennese pathologist claims the composer's physician did — inadvertently overdosing him with lead in a case of a cure that went wrong. Other researchers are not convinced, but there is no controversy about one fact: The master had been a very sick man years before his death in 1827.
Previous research determined that Beethoven had suffered from lead poisoning, first detecting toxic levels of the metal in his hair and then, two years ago, in bone fragments. Those findings strengthened the belief that lead poisoning may have contributed — and ultimately led — to his death at age 57.
But Viennese forensic expert Christian Reiter claims to know more after months of painstaking work applying CSI-like methods to strands of Beethoven's hair.
He says his analysis, published last week in the Beethoven Journal, shows that in the final months of the composer's life, lead concentrations in his body spiked every time he was treated by his doctor, Andreas Wawruch, for fluid inside the abdomen. Those lethal doses permeated Beethoven's ailing liver, ultimately killing him, Reiter told The Associated Press.
"His death was due to the treatments by Dr. Wawruch," said Reiter, head of the Department of Forensic Medicine at Vienna's Medical University. "Although you cannot blame Dr. Wawruch — how was he to know that Beethoven already had a serious liver ailment?"
Nobody did back then.
Only through an autopsy after the composer's death in the Austrian capital on March 26, 1827, were doctors able to establish that Beethoven suffered from cirrhosis of the liver as well as edemas of the abdomen. Reiter says that in attempts to ease the composer's suffering, Wawruch repeatedly punctured the abdominal cavity — and then sealed the wound with a lead-laced poultice.
Although lead's toxicity was known even then, the doses contained in a treatment balm "were not poisonous enough to kill someone if he would have been healthy," Reiter said. "But what Dr. Wawruch clearly did not know that his treatment was attacking an already sick liver, killing that organ."
Even before the edemas developed, Wawruch noted in his diary that he treated an outbreak of pneumonia months before Beethoven's death with salts containing lead, which aggravated what researchers believe was an existing case of lead poisoning.
But, said Reiter, it was the repeated doses of the lead-containing cream, administered by Wawruch in the last weeks of Beethoven's life, that did in the composer.
Analysis of several hair strands showed "several peaks where the concentration of lead rose pretty massively" on the four occasions between Dec. 5, 1826, and Feb. 27, 1827, when Beethoven himself documented that he had been treated by Wawruch for the edema, said Reiter. "Every time when his abdomen was punctured ... we have an increase of the concentration of lead in the hair."
Such claims intrigue others who have researched the issue.
"His data strongly suggests that Beethoven was subjected to significant lead exposures over the last 111 days of his life and that this lead may have been in the very medicines applied by his doctor," said Bill Walsh, who led the team at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory outside Chicago that found large amounts of lead in Beethoven's bone fragments. That research two years ago confirmed the cause of years of debilitating disease that likely led to his death — but did not tie his demise to Wawruch.
"I believe that Beethoven's death may have been caused by this application of lead-containing medicines to an already severely lead-poisoned man," Walsh said.
Still, he added, samples from hair analysis are not normally considered as reliable as from bone, which showed high levels of lead concentration over years, instead of months.
With hair, "you have the issue of contamination from outside material, shampoos, residues, weathering problems. The membranes on the outside of the hair tend to deteriorate," he said, suggesting more research is needed on the exact composition of the medications given Beethoven in his last months of his life.
As for what caused the poisoning even before Wawruch's treatments, some say it was the lead-laced wine Beethoven drank. Others speculate that as a young man he drank water with high concentrations of lead at a spa.
"We still don't know the ultimate cause," Reiter said. "But he was a very sick man — for years before his death."
The Beethoven Journal is published by the Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies at San Jose State University in California.
Participants in CIMMYT's 2010 Wheat Improvement and Pathology Training Program, guided by Julio Huerta (center), CIMMYT wheat pathologist, examine and take notes on the symptoms present in a set of leaf rust differentials. These are wheat lines with known responses to different leaf rust races, or pathotypes. Pathotypes vary in their virulence to different resistance genes, and so infection types and levels in different lines vary depending on the genes they contain. By codifying the responses of the differentials scientists can determine the pathotype of an unknown isolate of the pathogen.
The training course ran for three months, from 15 February to 14 May 2010, with sixteen participants from eight countries (India, Paraguay, Brazil, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Turkey, and Afghanistan). They program was balanced between theoretical and practical learning, including wheat breeding, pathology and quality, molecular techniques, applied statistics, and participation in hands-on fieldwork such as selections, crossing, and disease screening.
Photo credit: X. Fonseca/CIMMYT.
BC Ministry of Agriculture veterinary pathologist Stephen Raverty “really gets into his work!” Here he's inside the abdominal cavity of a fin whale, the second largest mammal in the world, examining how the animal died. He screens for health concerns that may not only impact other members of the animal’s population, but may also be transmitted to other living creatures, including humans.
Eva J. Pell (born March 11, 1948) is a biologist, plant pathologist, and science administrator. Pell's research focused on the physiological and biochemical impacts of air pollutants on vegetation. As a science administrator at Pennsylvania State University and the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. Pell initiated several pan-institutional science institutes.
Photo by Ira J. Pell
www.arqueologiadelperu.com/alleged-california-mass-murder...
MODESTO, Calif. (AP) – A man suspected in the homicides of five people — including his mother and baby daughter — had also been linked to the death last year of a toddler, police said.
Martin "Marty" Martinez, 30, was arrested Sunday in the deaths of the five, whose bodies were found a day earlier.
Modesto Police Chief Galen Carroll said at a news conference Monday that a pathologist concluded last week that 2-year-old Christopher Ripley died of "blunt force trauma" to the head on Oct. 2, 2014, two days after he was taken to a hospital.
Carroll said Martinez had been under investigation since the boy's death and that authorities were preparing to formally charge him with homicide when the five bodies were found Saturday afternoon in the Modesto home he used to share with Dr. Amanda Crews.
Crews, 38, was Ripley's mother and one of the five homicide victims. Martinez's mother, his daughter with Crews and two other girls were also found dead. Martinez is a suspect in the five homicides, Carroll said.
Carroll said police obtained a warrant for Martinez's arrest for the toddler's death Saturday night, after the five bodies were discovered.
Carroll said police didn't issue a warrant earlier because they were awaiting the pathologist's written report.
"The Modesto Police did not drop the ball," Carroll said. He said the investigation of Ripley's death took nine months because the department had to hire an outside pathologist who specializes in neurology to help with the case.
"Homicides do take a great deal of time to investigate," Carroll said. Carroll said a "limited" number of law enforcement officials knew of the pathologist's verbal report delivered to police on Thursday that Ripley was a homicide victim. Carroll said he believes Martinez didn't know of the pathologist's report.
The arrest warrant issued for Martinez in the toddler's death shows the pathologist found the "method of death was consistent with Christopher's head hitting the tile floor as a result of abuse," the Modesto Bee reported.
Carroll said Stanislaus County Child Protective Services had ordered Martinez to stay away from Crews' surviving children.
"We do not believe that played a factor in this incident," Carroll said of possible motives for the five homicides. Their bodies were found at about 3:30 p.m. Saturday after police received a call asking for a "security check" of the home.
The daycare Christopher attended reported he suffered three suspicious injuries around the time the boy began potty training. Crews denied Martinez caused the injuries but acknowledged that he was present during two of them, according to the arrest warrant.
Carroll declined to divulge the cause of the five deaths. He said investigators haven't yet determined a motive.
Crews was a doctor and worked for the Stanislaus County Health Service Agency, according to the California Medical Board. The agency didn't return several phone calls.
Modesto Police spokeswoman Heather Graves said counselors and chaplains are available for the officers who first entered the home and made the grisly discovery. A group of law enforcement officials could be seen huddled together and praying in front of the house shortly after the discovery of the bodies.
The house is in an upscale subdivision lined with four- and five-bedroom homes that were built less than 10 years ago.
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Ravi Singh (far left), CIMMYT Distinguished Scientist, breeder, and expert in wheat genetics and pathology, discusses CIMMYT's wheat breeding efforts with leading Australian grain farmers during a visit to the center's Toluca experiment station. CIMMYT hosted the group at Toluca and El Batán between 19 and 22 August 2011, as part of a tour of farms, private and public research institutes and grain processing facilities in Singapore, UK, France, Canada, USA, and Mexico, which was supported by Australia’s Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC).
The farmers were particularly interested in the developments concerning wheat stem rust race Ug99, which has reached South Africa, and risks spreading from there to western Australia, if previous disease trends occur. Stripe rust resistance, increased yield potential, and tolerance to drought and heat were also discussed; GRDC invests in this research in view of CIMMYT’s past and current contributions to higher and more stable wheat yields in Australia.
Photo credit: X. Fonseca/CIMMYT.
For more information, see CIMMYT's blog story at: blog.cimmyt.org/index.php/2011/08/key-australian-farmers-....
Universal Pictures starring Elvis Presley, Mary Tyler Moore, Barbara McNair and Jane Elliot as undercover nuns serving with a Doctor Elvis Presley in a poor community in the inner city of Los Angeles as a speech pathologist, registered nurse and social worker song Change of Habit www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsMj-0GfF8A and the end song Let us Pray together.. www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_--GkDw4iY
This week's winner in our photo competition for CIMMYT staff and friends is George Mahuku, CIMMYT maize pathologist. Taken in Colombia, this simple, clear image shows maize infected with the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Several species of Aspergillus can affect maize, causing Aspergillus ear rot and producing toxins known as aflatoxins that are harmful to birds and mammals, including humans, contaminating the maize grain.
For more information on on Aspergillus ear rot, see CIMMYT's Wheat Doctor: maizedoctor.cimmyt.org/index.php?option=com_content&t...; rel="nofollow.
Photo credit: G. Mahuku/CIMMYT.
Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician, known for his advancement of public health. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" because his work helped to discredit humourism, bringing more science to medicine. He is also known as the founder of social medicine and veterinary pathology, and to his colleagues, the "Pope of medicine".
This is a piece of skin that has been excised. The two stiches in the tissue are used for orientation purposes. the short one means "up" and the long one means "lateral". This is an ad hoc standard that has emerged.
I'm feeling very spikey today, just like this thistle! They cancelled my appointment as my pathology results STILL aren't back, now I have to wait another week!
Westside Forest Insect and Disease Service Center staff L-R: Holly Kearns, Kristen Chadwick, and Beth Willhite with pulaskis. Fishermans Bend BLM Recreation site, near Mill City, Oregon.
Photo by: Unknown
Date: May 7, 2014
Photo credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Westside Forest Insect and Disease Service Center.
Source: Kristen Chadwick collection; Sandy, Oregon.
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Closeup of the yolk sac. The chorion is outside the field of view. Pathologists will notice the similarity between this an the notorious yolk sac tumor.
On Tuesday, March 18, 1969, Joan Hill, a 38-year-old Houston, Texas, socialite, became violently ill for no readily apparent reason. Her husband, Dr. John Hill, at first indifferent, later drove her at a leisurely pace several miles to a hospital in which he had a financial interest, passing many other medical facilities on the way. When checked by admitting physicians, Joan's blood pressure was dangerously low, 60/40. Attempts to stabilize her failed and the next morning she died. The cause of death was uncertain. Some thought pancreatitis; others opted for hepatitis.
Joan's father, Ash Robinson, a crusty and extremely wealthy oilman, remained convinced that his daughter had been murdered. Neither was he reticent about naming the culprit: John Hill. When, just three months after Joan's death, Hill married long-time lover Ann Kurth, Robinson threw thousands of dollars into a crusade to persuade the authorities that his son-in-law was a killer. Noted pathologist Dr. Milton Helpern, hired to conduct a second autopsy, cautiously volunteered his opinion that Joan Hill might have been poisoned.
Under Robinson's relentless badgering, prosecutors scoured legal textbooks, searching for a way to indict Hill. They came up with the extremely rare charge of "murder by omission," in effect, killing someone by deliberate neglect. Assistance came in the unexpected form of Ann Kurth. Hill had ditched her after just nine months of marriage. What Kurth told the district attorney bolstered their decision to indict Hill.
Jury selection began on February 15, 1971. Because of the defendant's undeniably handsome appearance, Assistant District Attorney I.D. McMaster aimed for a predominantly male, middle-class panel, one he thought likely to frown on a wealthy philandering physician. His opponent, chief defense counsel Richard Haynes, quite naturally did his best to sit jurors that he thought would favor his client. In this first battle McMaster emerged a clear victor, securing a jury made up of eleven men and one woman. Haynes wasn't that perturbed. In a long and eventful career he'd overcome bigger obstacles, earning a statewide reputation second to none for tenacity and legal acumen. Not for nothing had he acquired the nickname "Racehorse." It promised to be a memorable contest.
Lynn Moore and Cassandra Banks check plants for disease and bug damage June 19, 2014, at Larriland Farm, Md. Cassandra is a plant pathologist who goes around to farms in Maryland to offer her assistance with keeping the plants healthy, so the family can yield a large crop for years to come.
Robert Haldane MAKGILL
C.B.E., M.D., D.P.H.
Born 24th May 1878 Died 3rd Oct. 1946
2nd son of Sir John and Lady Margaret Makgill
M.O. 2nd Gordon Highlanders South Africa 1900-1
LT Col R.A.M.C. [Royal Army Medical Corp] Egypt 1914-18 (C.B.E.)
34 Years service in public health work which he pioneered
A life given for service not self.
In memory of
Agnes Rebecca
Beloved wife of
Hamilton RUTHERFURD
Eldest daughter of
John MAKGILL Bart
Died 14th January 1938
Aged 70
Margaret Isabella
Wife of
John MAKGILL
Of Kemback and Waiuku
Daughter of
Robert HALDANE
Of Perthshire, Scotland
Born January 5th 1847
Died March 18th 1920
Her children arise up and call her blessed
In memory of Joanna
Beloved wife of
Thomas MIDDLETON
Died 18th October 1933 aged 69
Also
Thomas
Beloved husband of
Joanna
Died May 14th 1939
Aged 76
In loving memory of Marion Joyce
Dearly loved wife of
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
And loving mother of April and David
Died 20th September 1959 aged 67 years
Also her dearly loved husband
Hubert Reginald Vernon WILLIAMS
Died 8th May 1981 Aged 84 years
“Father in thy gracious keeping leave we now thy servant sleeping”
ROBERT HALDANE MAKGILL
A fabulous portrait of the man is here
www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/robert-makgill
Robert Haldane Makgill was born on 24 May 1870 at Stirling, Scotland, the son of Margaret Isabella Haldane and her husband, Captain Sir John Makgill of the Royal Engineers. His mother came from a distinguished family: two of her brothers, a sister and a nephew achieved prominence in British public and academic life. Robert also showed unusual intellectual gifts from an early age.
The Makgill family emigrated to New Zealand in 1881 and settled at Waiuku, south of Auckland, where John Makgill took up farming. Robert was educated at a country school near Waiuku, then at Auckland College and Grammar School. As a youth he was a keen yachtsman and won several trophies. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating MB, CM in 1893 with first-class honours. Returning to New Zealand, he was resident surgeon at Auckland Hospital from 1894 to 1896 and honorary bacteriologist in 1897. He went back to Edinburgh to gain his MD in 1899, and completed the diploma in public health from Cambridge University in 1901. By then he had been to South Africa as a civil surgeon attached to the 2nd Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders, and served with the Natal Field Force, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with two clasps.
After returning to Auckland Makgill was district health officer between 1901 and 1904, the first appointed for Auckland under the 1900 Public Health Act. His reports set a high standard for the new Department of Public Health, and were described as 'masterly' by Andrew Balfour and H. H. Scott in their 1924 survey of health problems in the British Empire. In 1902 Makgill reported on a case of bubonic plague in Auckland, with a detailed description of the pathology. His report as district health officer for that year included graphs and tables, with a comprehensive assessment of public health problems in Auckland city and country districts. Makgill's outstanding ability gained him further appointments: as government bacteriologist in Wellington (1904–8), and then as government pathologist (1908–14), and from 1909 as district health officer in Auckland.
A major part of Makgill's work as a district health officer was the testing and improvement of town water supplies. In Auckland in 1914 he investigated a typhoid epidemic; his scrupulous testing and quarantine methods finally traced the infection to a single carrier in a temporary army camp on One Tree Hill. Ironically, one of his nieces, Barbara Makgill, was among the first reported cases, all of which were marked by red flags on a map of the city; after the epidemic he gave Barbara her flag as a souvenir.
After the onset of the First World War in 1914, Makgill was attached to the Royal Army Medical Corps as a temporary captain and in 1915 and 1916 served in the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was made a CBE, but later told his family that the decoration was 'for camel dung and sand': observing that the sand in the camel lines when mixed with camel dung set hard like concrete, he had ordered that the mixture be used for road paving, thereby greatly improving transport and communications.
In 1916 Makgill returned to New Zealand as assistant director of medical services (sanitation) and reported on the outbreaks of pneumonia and meningitis in the military camps at Trentham and Featherston. During the 1918 influenza epidemic he was recalled from the Defence Department when key health officers fell ill, and was largely responsible for dealing with the later phase of the crisis in the Wellington district. While Dr T. H. A. Valintine took leave in 1919–20, Makgill was acting chief health officer, and remained in the Health Department as a senior consultant until his retirement in 1932.
Although not contributing much to the medical journals, Makgill wrote extensively for the annual reports and other Health Department publications. His report on the 1918 influenza epidemic in New Zealand was a model of careful statistical investigation; it argued against the popular belief that the infection had been introduced solely by the Niagara. The crowning achievement of his career as a public health administrator was his expert drafting of the 1920 Health Act, which established the framework of New Zealand's public health system for the next 40 years. He was also involved in drafting the 1925 Nurses and Midwives Registration Act and drafted most of New Zealand's food and drug regulations in the 1920s.
Makgill owned an orchard near Henderson, where his mother lived until her death in 1920, and where he experimented with unusual fruits and vegetables. His best success was with Chinese gooseberries (now better known as kiwifruit). After retiring from the Health Department Makgill regularly visited the United Kingdom, signing on as a ship's doctor on cargo vessels for a nominal salary of one shilling. He stayed with his Haldane relatives at Oxford, where he joined with his uncle, the physiologist Professor Sir John Scott Haldane, in experiments in respiration and the treatment of burns. Barbara Makgill recalls that their arms were 'a mass of scars' from self-inflicted burns as they tried to find the most effective treatment for miners burnt by firedamp (methane) given off by coal. Although he never married, Makgill's keen sense of humour made him a favourite with his nieces and nephews. A stroke partially paralysed his right side not long before he died in Auckland on 3 October 1946, but did not affect his mind.
Robert Makgill deserves to be remembered alongside J. M. Mason, T. H. A. Valintine and J. P. Frengley as one of the architects of New Zealand's public health system in the twentieth century. In almost 30 years in the Health Department he occupied at one time or another all of the senior posts, and his knowledge of New Zealand's public health system was unequalled. [1]
MARGARET ISABELLA MAKGILL nee HALDANE
Extensive family tree
THOMAS MIDDLETON
Area 1 Block H Lot No. 29A
…at his residence 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden… in his seventy-seventh year. Service at St. Barnabas’ Church, to-morrow (Tuesday) at 11 a.m.[2]
JOANNA MIDDLETON
New Zealand Herald, Volume XXIII, Issue 7681, 5 July 1886, Page 4
Marriages
HEELIS-MIDDLETON On July 1 by the Rev. P. J. Riddle, Thomas MIDDLETON, son of the late George MIDDLETON, Esq., of Rosshire, to Joanna HEELIS, adopted daughter of Captain and Mrs. Makgill, Waiuku.[3]
…at her late residence, 11, Windmill Road, Mount Eden, Joanna…private interment[4]
Joanna and Thomas daughter Margaret Dorothy died at 11 Windmill Road also on January 6th 1939 and is interred at Waikaraka[5] Area 1 Block EXT Lot No 161B with her sister’s Vere who died 8 June 1949 and Mona MCKENZIE died 13 December 1977 aged 81; also Thomas MIDDLETON’s sister also named Vere who died 4 Dec 1951. [6]
SOURCES:
[1]
Geoffrey W. Rice. 'Makgill, Robert Haldane', from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 12-Nov-2013
URL: www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/biographies/3m39/makgill-robert-haldane
[2]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=AS...
[3]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[4]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[5]
paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=s...
[6]
Auckland Council cemetery database via libraries site: www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/cemeteries/cemetery.html
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) plant pathologist Sally Stetina and technician Kristi Jordan examine cotton roots with a microscope to determine the level of infection by reniform nematode on July 19, 2011. By comparing infection levels in resistant test lines to those in susceptible controls, the scientists can identify lines with the most resistance. USDA photo by Stephen Ausmus.
Participants in CIMMYT's 2010 Wheat Improvement and Pathology Training Program, guided by Julio Huerta (fourth from left), CIMMYT wheat pathologist, examine and take notes on the symptoms present in a set of leaf rust differentials. These are wheat lines with known responses to different leaf rust races, or pathotypes. Pathotypes vary in their virulence to different resistance genes, and so infection types and levels in different lines vary depending on the genes they contain. By codifying the responses of the differentials scientists can determine the pathotype of an unknown isolate of the pathogen.
The training course ran for three months, from 15 February to 14 May 2010, with sixteen participants from eight countries (India, Paraguay, Brazil, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Turkey, and Afghanistan). They program was balanced between theoretical and practical learning, including wheat breeding, pathology and quality, molecular techniques, applied statistics, and participation in hands-on fieldwork such as selections, crossing, and disease screening.
Photo credit: Xochiquetzal Fonseca/CIMMYT.
Participants in CIMMYT's 2011 advanced-level Wheat Improvement and Pathology training program, guided by Julio Huerta (center), CIMMYT wheat pathologist, examine and take notes on seedling infection type in response to wheat leaf rust, stripe rust and stem rust. This greenhouse test helps to detect seedling resistance. If a wheat line shows a susceptible response it may either be susceptible to the disease or carry adult plant resistance (APR). APR often indicates the presence of slow rusting genes that can be combined through breeding to produce materials with durable rust resistance.
The course ran from 15 August to 15 September 2011 and was attended by 24 early- to mid-career scientists from North and East Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America. Its key objective was to improve participants’ knowledge on wheat pathology and the latest wheat breeding technologies, and how these are integrated with other disciplines such as agronomy, statistics, physiology, biotechnology, GIS, and the social sciences. A major focus was to increase participants’ understanding of selection for durable and multiple disease resistance. The program was largely field-oriented, enabling participants to improve teamworking skills and gain confidence in conducting field experiments. Most of the course was conducted at CIMMYT’s El Batán and Toluca stations, but participants also attended the 8th International Symposium on Mycosphaerella and Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals, held in Mexico City during September 11-14.
Photo credit: X. Fonseca/CIMMYT.
For more information, see CIMMYT's blog story at: blog.cimmyt.org/index.php/2011/09/advanced-training-progr....
Pathologist collects blood sample from a female patient at the Alhaj Johurul Islam City Maternity Centre in Mirpur.
ADB Photo | Abir Abdullah
Video: Providing Primary Health Care Services in Urban Bangladesh
Project Result:
Making Health Care Affordable for the Urban Poor in Bangladesh
An Innovative Project Raises Health Standards in Bangladesh
Read more on:
Autor/in: Unger, Hellmuth
Titel: Virchow: Ein Leben für die Forschung. Roman
Gewicht: 420 g
Verlag: Hamburg: Hoffmann u. Campe
Erschienen: 1953.
Sprache: Deutsch
Kurzinfo: 314 S., 1 Titelbild : Mit 7 Abb.; Lw. 8°, gebundene Ausgabe
On Tuesday, March 18, 1969, Joan Hill, a 38-year-old Houston, Texas, socialite, became violently ill for no readily apparent reason. Her husband, Dr. John Hill, at first indifferent, later drove her at a leisurely pace several miles to a hospital in which he had a financial interest, passing many other medical facilities on the way. When checked by admitting physicians, Joan's blood pressure was dangerously low, 60/40. Attempts to stabilize her failed and the next morning she died. The cause of death was uncertain. Some thought pancreatitis; others opted for hepatitis.
Joan's father, Ash Robinson, a crusty and extremely wealthy oilman, remained convinced that his daughter had been murdered. Neither was he reticent about naming the culprit: John Hill. When, just three months after Joan's death, Hill married long-time lover Ann Kurth, Robinson threw thousands of dollars into a crusade to persuade the authorities that his son-in-law was a killer. Noted pathologist Dr. Milton Helpern, hired to conduct a second autopsy, cautiously volunteered his opinion that Joan Hill might have been poisoned.
Under Robinson's relentless badgering, prosecutors scoured legal textbooks, searching for a way to indict Hill. They came up with the extremely rare charge of "murder by omission," in effect, killing someone by deliberate neglect. Assistance came in the unexpected form of Ann Kurth. Hill had ditched her after just nine months of marriage. What Kurth told the district attorney bolstered their decision to indict Hill.
Jury selection began on February 15, 1971. Because of the defendant's undeniably handsome appearance, Assistant District Attorney I.D. McMaster aimed for a predominantly male, middle-class panel, one he thought likely to frown on a wealthy philandering physician. His opponent, chief defense counsel Richard Haynes, quite naturally did his best to sit jurors that he thought would favor his client. In this first battle McMaster emerged a clear victor, securing a jury made up of eleven men and one woman. Haynes wasn't that perturbed. In a long and eventful career he'd overcome bigger obstacles, earning a statewide reputation second to none for tenacity and legal acumen. Not for nothing had he acquired the nickname "Racehorse." It promised to be a memorable contest.
CIMMYT wheat scientists Sybil Herrera-Foessel (far right) and David Bonnett (far left) talk with leading Australian grain farmers during a visit to the center's El Batán, Mexico headquarters, discussing wheat rust resistance research funded by Australia’s Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC). CIMMYT hosted the group at its Toluca and El Batán stations between 19 and 22 August 2011, as part of a tour of farms, private and public research institutes and grain processing facilities in Singapore, UK, France, Canada, USA, and Mexico, which was supported by GRDC. GRDC recognizes CIMMYT's past and current contributions to higher and more stable wheat yields in Australia and invests in CIMMYT research.
Photo credit: X. Fonseca/CIMMYT.
For more information, see CIMMYT's blog story at: blog.cimmyt.org/index.php/2011/08/key-australian-farmers-....
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The study of dental epidemiology and social health policies.
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- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist
The study and radiologic interpretation of oral and maxillofacial diseases.
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- Dental Hygienist
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Scarce single collector card, as issued in 1938 by Gutermann of Belgium.
CHROMO IMAGE PUBLICITAIRE.
ADVERTISING IMAGE .
DIMENSIONS : 8,8 X 6 cm. SIZE : 3,46 X 2,36 inchs.
Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow, né le 13 octobre 1821 à Schivelbein (aujourd'hui Świdwin), en Poméranie, décédé le 5 septembre 1902 à Berlin) est un médecin pathologiste et homme politique allemand, considéré comme l'un des fondateurs de l'anatomie pathologique moderne. Il effectua l'essentiel de sa carrière à l'hôpital de la Charité de Berlin, se faisant le promoteur d'une médecine strictement orientée vers les sciences naturelles. En tant qu'homme politique, il fut l'un des représentants du parti progressiste allemand.
Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow, born October 13, 1821 at Schivelbein (now Swidwin), Pomerania, died September 5, 1902 in Berlin) is a pathologist and German politician, considered one of the founders of the anatomy pathological modern. He made most of his career at the Charité hospital in Berlin, making the promoter medicine strictly oriented towards natural sciences. As a politician, he was a representative of the German Progressive Party.
In Nepal, throughout the year, teams of 6-8 trained speech pathologists and therapists organize speech camps in each of the five peripheral sites surrounding Kathmandu. Speech camps are provided for former cleft palate patients in order to improve their speech, which many times doesn’t developed properly due to their clefts. During these camps, each cleft palate patient and one guardian are housed for nearly a week and undergo intensive yet fun speech training involving both individual and group sessions. The parents and guardians are taught how to give daily speech exercises and therapy between the monthly sessions. Group sessions, singing, dancing, and games are all integral parts of the camp with the focus on improving both speech and self-esteem.
A Bangladeshi scientist at work in the plant pathology laboratory of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute's Wheat Research Centre in Dinajpur.
CIMMYT works in partnership with local institutions like this across the world, with scientists working hand-in-hand to develop disease resistant wheat varieties. The expertise and genetic resources that CIMMYT provides are invaluable in the global battle against disease.
In Bangladesh the Wheat Research Centre is a key CIMMYT partner, in a collaboration that helps reach farmers with improved varieties, technologies and practices.
Photo credit: S. Mojumder/Drik/CIMMYT.
For the latest on CIMMYT in Bangladesh, see CIMMYT's blog at: blog.cimmyt.org/?tag=bangladesh.