View allAll Photos Tagged ordinary_object
in the spotlight.
© Diana Yakowitz all rights reserved.
"O" Ordinary Object, O is for "Onion." This is the latest image in the flickrfriend challenge we call Odd Wednesday. Where a couple of us are working our way through the alphabet photographing an ordinary object for each letter. Preferably something we wouldn't normally think to photograph.
© Diana Yakowitz 2011 all rights reserved.
Y Ordinary Object, Y is for "Yam." This is the latest image in a flickrfriend challenge where I am working my way through the alphabet photographing an ordinary object for each letter, preferably something I wouldn't normally think to photograph.
I got stuck a bit on Y trying to resist the obvious Yam. But, alas, when I placed it on this Chinese garden stool, I fell in love with the color combination. Hope you like it and only one more to go and I will be finished with the set. Z is for .......
Have a wonderful weekend, my friends!
This is part of an ongoing project. I thought it would be interesting to look around me and see what could be interpreted as faces in every day ordinary objects. My intention is to make people look twice and to see if they can figure out what these objects are :-) Please let me know if you have any suggestions or guesses! Feel free to check out my sets so you can see the photos as a collective.
© Diana Yakowitz, 2011 all rights reserved.
Z Ordinary Object, Z is for "Zipper." This is the latest image in a flickrfriend challenge called Odd Wednesday where I am working my way through the alphabet photographing an ordinary object for each letter. Preferably something I wouldn't normally think to photograph.
I waited till an Odd Wednesday to post the last image in my series. I was tempted to put another image into the white space, but as usual, I like the camera composed one with the white paper, blank sheet, exposed. Sort of symbolic I thought of the end of this series and the beginning of something new.
And turned to the left, it looks like a Hersey's Kiss! So, a kiss to all my flickr friends for putting up with my long dragged out series!
FAIRYLAND is not on any map, and some people actually insist that there is no such country. It has been said, however, that if you can reach the place where the rainbow touches the earth, there you will find a golden key (and the directions with it, I hope), which will open the Enchanted Realm for you. It is not necessary to undertake such a tedious search, for all you need is a comfortable chair and a bright fire, if possible, and a book full of delightful stories (like this one, for instance), that have charmed both children and grown people for more years than you can count.
Now, Fairyland is a queer place, If you think about it earnestly enough, you will suddenly find yourself there. We know it lies beyond the clouds and that the Fairy palace is perfectly magnificent, with its crystal dome and its hundred towers and its vast halls ablaze with gold ivy and precious stones. An old English poet tells us:
“This palace standeth in the air,
By necromancy placed there,
That it no tempest needeth fear,
Which way soe’er it blow it.
And somewhere southward tow’rd the noon,
Whence lies a way up to the moon,
And thence the fairy can as soon
Pass to the earth below it.”
Do not expect always to see delicate and beautiful fairies; you will frequently meet cruel ogres, horrid demons, wicked elves, malicious sorceresses, greedy dwarfs, ugly gnomes and malignant genii; and, moreover, you will often come across beasts and birds and trees and flowers that think and feel and talk like human beings. It is all very strange indeed, and the most ordinary objects, such as books and tables and sticks and nuts and lemons and flowers, are often fairy — that is to say, they have magical powers.
Esther Singleton. from Preface | Goldenrod Fairy Book. 1903.
'The Kiss' manifests a duality of day and night, incorporating both a bright blue skyscape and a dark glistening firmament. It has been described as a "cut-out bird against a night sky," but Magritte called it simply "the bird of sky." Like some of Magritte's silhouetted bowler-hat men, this bird holds the canvas like a paper cutout with coulds folding over the curve of its wings.
Rene Francois Ghislain Magritte (1898-1967) was a Belgian surrealist artist. He became well known for creating a number of witty and thought-provoking images. Often depicting ordinary objects in an unusual context, his work is known for challenging observers' preconditioned perceptions of reality. His imagery has influenced pop, minimalist and conceptual art.
This Magritte original was seen and photographed at San Francisco's Museum of Modern Art.
I walked past this side street shop or cafe on Main Street. I find it much like a side walk cafe situated in a small European town. Do you think so?
May be I should do some Photoshop and make the word spells "Chocolat" instead of chocolates and so it looks more like a French cafe. :o)
Sometimes we can see the neighborhoods in Vancouver do have some European flavor.
Shot taken at Main Street Vancouver last weekend.
I am reading Susan Sontag’s classic “On Photography”.
She discussed about the motif of modern photography in early decades of twentieth century as “seeing things in a fresh way”. She also describes photography as seeing for seeing’s sake.
She quoted Edward Weston’s words that photographers are performing the Blakean task of cleansing the senses, revealing to others the living world around them and showing to them what their own unseeing eyes had missed.
I think still life is the stereotype of photographic genre doing this. We isolate the ordinary objects from their surrounding and let the reader getting closer and seeing them for seeing’s sake.
Salt and pepper shakers taken in my kitchen with my Fuji point & shoot.
© Diana Yakowitz all rights reserved.
Ordinary Object, C is for Chair. This is my odd Wednesday shot of an Ordinary Object that I may have hot otherwise thought of photographing. I shot two and this one seems to be the favorite for the set.
© Diana Yakowitz, 2011 all rights reserved.
This is the sculpture that I constructed for my Ordinary Object photos seen in this set: Ordinary Objects
26 of the images, one for each letter of the alphabet will be incorporated around the perimeter, circumference of this rotating sculpture (it is mounted on a lazy susan and will hang on the wall). I hope to place them so that from this view they are not seen but from the side view one can turn the sculpture and reveal all of the images and letters. Sort of a grown-up version of alphabet blocks and with a big influence by some modern assemblage artists. The images will be quite small so that the viewer perceives the work differently depending on distance.
I am posting this now to help motivate me to finish it. It has been more than a year since I started work on this and now that the set is finished, I want to get the prints made and make the final decisions on placement, etc. Also, for some of the letters, I posted two alternatives. I think the choice is obvious in most cases but still need to decide in others.
Hope you like it so far.
Spotted on the wall of a fish factory in Saudakrokur. Did Magritte pass here ?
I dont think so, just a tribute to the Belgian
surrealist painter René Magritte
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte
Magritte's work frequently displays a juxtaposition of ordinary objects in an unusual context, giving new meanings to familiar things. The representational use of objects as other than what they seem is typified in his painting, The Treachery of Images (La trahison des images), which shows a pipe that looks as though it is a model for a tobacco store advertisement. Magritte painted below the pipe "Ceci n'est pas une pipe" ("This is not a pipe"), which seems a contradiction, but is actually true: the painting is not a pipe, it is an image of a pipe. It does not "satisfy emotionally"—when Magritte once was asked about this image, he replied that of course it was not a pipe, just try to fill it with tobacco
Oil on canvas; 60 x 73 cm.
(b niterói, 1915; d rio de janeiro, 1988). brazilian painter. he entered the escola nacional de belas artes, rio de janeiro, in 1930 and in 1931 was one of the founders of the núcleo bernardelli, whose aim was to build on the initial successes of modernism. after at first being influenced by cézanne he painted cyclists, bathers and children playing, in compositions of carefully linked rectangles, cubes, cylinders, spheres and pyramids (at the swimming-pool , 1942; rio de janeiro, roberto marinho priv. col.). in later works he was briefly influenced by pittura metafisica and surrealism, surrounding ordinary objects with a schematic architecture and mysterious trompe l’oeil mannequins and faces. from 1944 to 1946 he lived in the usa and europe. in the mid-1950s, in constructions such as on a brown background (1955; u. são paulo, mus. a. contemp.) and on a red background (1955; rio de janeiro, mus. manchete), he began to produce austere works close to concrete art. he established his compositions on strict mathematical principles, generally using only two or three colours and precise lines intersected at right angles. in 1963, though retaining the formal economy of his earlier work, he returned to the figure in the series venus, angels and pageantry , treated in a manner at once sensual and ascetic (venus and the bird , 1976; rio de janeiro, gal. acervo).
Grove Art excerpts - Electronic ©2003, Oxford Art Online
© Diana Yakowitz all rights reserved.
"E" Ordinary Object, E is for Equation (or Eraser). This is the fifth image in my Ordinary Object Set (sixth in set was out of order) in the flickrfriend challenge we call Odd Wednesday. Where we (three of us now!) will work our selves through the alphabet photographing an object for each letter that we normally would not think of photographing if it weren't for the challenge.
This famous equation is used all the time to find the circumference of a circle, C, if you know the diameter, d, in the form C = π d. Where most people think of π as a number 3.14159..... But, actually, π is defined as the ration of the circumference of a circle to it's diameter. And, it is universal because it is the same no matter what unit system one uses to measure. It has been calculated out to to many decimal places see www.math.utah.edu/~alfeld/math/pi.html for 10,000 digits. So while π, pronounced Pi, may be a P object, it is defined by an equation, my E object!
(and just in case you don't buy it as an object, I included the eraser I used to erase the numbers... ; )
René Magritte (1898-1967) was a Belgian Surrealist artist who developed an instantly recognizable, witty style. Known for putting familiar objects in foreign situations, he will forever be associated with the pipe and bowler hat. Magritte’s art is most famous for making the viewer see an ordinary object in an unusual context thus giving the familiar object a new meaning.
(b niterói, 1915; d rio de janeiro, 1988). brazilian painter. he entered the escola nacional de belas artes, rio de janeiro, in 1930 and in 1931 was one of the founders of the núcleo bernardelli, whose aim was to build on the initial successes of modernism. after at first being influenced by cézanne he painted cyclists, bathers and children playing, in compositions of carefully linked rectangles, cubes, cylinders, spheres and pyramids (at the swimming-pool , 1942; rio de janeiro, roberto marinho priv. col.). in later works he was briefly influenced by pittura metafisica and surrealism, surrounding ordinary objects with a schematic architecture and mysterious trompe l’oeil mannequins and faces. from 1944 to 1946 he lived in the usa and europe. in the mid-1950s, in constructions such as on a brown background (1955; u. são paulo, mus. a. contemp.) and on a red background (1955; rio de janeiro, mus. manchete), he began to produce austere works close to concrete art. he established his compositions on strict mathematical principles, generally using only two or three colours and precise lines intersected at right angles. in 1963, though retaining the formal economy of his earlier work, he returned to the figure in the series venus, angels and pageantry , treated in a manner at once sensual and ascetic (venus and the bird , 1976; rio de janeiro, gal. acervo).
Grove Art excerpts - Electronic ©2003, Oxford Art Online
¿Existe algo más sublime que la apertura 1.4f?
Gracias a ella, objetos ordinarios pueden transformarse en maravillosas obras de arte.
--
Is there anything more sublime than the 1.4f aperture?
Thanks to it, ordinary objects can be transformed into wonderful pieces of art.
Strobist info: SB-900 1/128 power 24mm zoom against a white wall. Triggered by PW.
Identify the Artist VII
Week 7 Devil in the Details 3 ( 781 - 785 )
Found in Set III
Peeling Onions MAG(6)
Lilly Martin Spencer American ( born England), 1822-1902
Peeling Onions , ca. 1852
Gift of the Women’s Council in honor of the 75th anniversary of the Memorial Art Gallery,
88.6
Images of Everyday Life
With the advent of Jacksonian democracy—a political philosophy that emphasized respect for the common man—came a renewed interest in depicting the objects and activities of daily life. Andrew Jackson served as president from 1829-1837, leaving a legacy that continues to stand for the idealized concept of the power of the individual in a democratic society. Artistswere quick to express this political construct In a variety of ways, from the flourishing of paintings of ordinary objects ( still life) to works in a variety of media depicting scenes of everyday life ( genre and narrative). While still life and genre scenes had their origins in European artistic traditions, American artists used those conventions as a platform to render more typically ‘American’ subject matter—life in a log cabin, vignettes from American literature, and depictions of native plants and animals.
From the placard: Memorial Art Gallery Rochester NY
.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Martin_Spencer
.
www.nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/lilly-martin-spencer
.
mag.rochester.edu/seeingAmerica/pdfs/10.pdf
Winter time is my still life pictures time.
My attempt with eggs in the kitchen.
The secret trick about these pictures are: how do we get the eggs standing like this?
There is no photoshop trick. Thye are really standing up on my kitchen table!!
Please check out my eggs series.
What's better than driving a go-kart? Flying a go-kart of course! Behold Olivia's latest invention, the flying go-kart! This wacky contraption was built using a modified go-kart and ordinary objects that Olivia found around the house such as cutlery, a hairdryer, a parasol, skis, party balloons, and horse stable doors. You can see her here soaring high above Heartlake City. What a view!
This is my entry for the Customize Your Go-Kart contest on Rebrick.
René François Ghislain Magritte, 21 November 1898 – 15 August 1967) was a Belgian surrealist artist, who became well known for creating a number of witty and thought-provoking images. Often depicting ordinary objects in an unusual context, his work is known for challenging observers' preconditioned perceptions of reality. His imagery has influenced pop art, minimalist art, and conceptual art.
Magritte's earliest paintings, which date from about 1915, were Impressionistic in style. During 1916–1918, he studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, under Constant Montald, but found the instruction uninspiring. He also took classes at the Académie Royale from the painter and poster designer Gisbert Combaz. The paintings he produced during 1918–1924 were influenced by Futurism and by the figurative Cubism of Metzinger.
From December 1920 until September 1921, Magritte served in the Belgian infantry in the Flemish town of Beverlo near Leopoldsburg. In 1922, Magritte married Georgette Berger, whom he had met as a child in 1913. Also during 1922, the poet Marcel Lecomte showed Magritte a reproduction of Giorgio de Chirico's The Song of Love (painted in 1914). The work brought Magritte to tears; he described this as "one of the most moving moments of my life: my eyes saw thought for the first time." The paintings of the Belgian symbolist painter William Degouve de Nuncques have also been noted as an influence on Magritte, specifically the former's painting The Blind House (1892) and Magritte's variations or series on The Empire of Lights.
In 1922–1923, Magritte worked as a draughtsman in a wallpaper factory, and was a poster and advertisement designer until 1926, when a contract with Galerie Le Centaure in Brussels made it possible for him to paint full-time. In 1926, Magritte produced his first surreal painting, The Lost Jockey (Le jockey perdu), and held his first solo exhibition in Brussels in 1927. Critics heaped abuse on the exhibition.
Depressed by the failure, he moved to Paris where he became friends with André Breton and became involved in the Surrealist group. An illusionistic, dream-like quality is characteristic of Magritte's version of Surrealism. He became a leading member of the movement, and remained in Paris for three years. In 1929 he exhibited at Goemans Gallery in Paris with Salvador Dalí, Jean Arp, de Chirico, Max Ernst, Joan Miró, Picabia, Picasso and Yves Tanguy.
On 15 December 1929 he participated in the last publication of La Revolution Surrealiste No. 12, where he published his essay "Les mots et les images", where words play with images in sync with his work The Treachery of Images.
Galerie Le Centaure closed at the end of 1929, ending Magritte's contract income. Having made little impact in Paris, Magritte returned to Brussels in 1930 and resumed working in advertising.[10] He and his brother, Paul, formed an agency which earned him a living wage. In 1932, Magritte joined the Communist Party, which he would periodically leave and rejoin for several years. In 1936 he had his first solo exhibition in the United States at the Julien Levy Gallery in New York, followed by an exposition at the London Gallery in 1938.
During the early stages of his career, the British surrealist patron Edward James allowed Magritte to stay rent-free in his London home, where Magritte studied architecture and painted. James is featured in two of Magritte's works painted in 1937, Le Principe du Plaisir (The Pleasure Principle) and La Reproduction Interdite, a painting also known as Not to Be Reproduced.
During the German occupation of Belgium in World War II he remained in Brussels, which led to a break with Breton. He briefly adopted a colorful, painterly style in 1943–44, an interlude known as his "Renoir period", as a reaction to his feelings of alienation and abandonment that came with living in German-occupied Belgium.
In 1946, renouncing the violence and pessimism of his earlier work, he joined several other Belgian artists in signing the manifesto Surrealism in Full Sunlight. During 1947–48, Magritte's "Vache period," he painted in a provocative and crude Fauve style. During this time, Magritte supported himself through the production of fake Picassos, Braques, and de Chiricos—a fraudulent repertoire he was later to expand into the printing of forged banknotes during the lean postwar period. This venture was undertaken alongside his brother Paul and fellow Surrealist and "surrogate son" Marcel Mariën, to whom had fallen the task of selling the forgeries. At the end of 1948, Magritte returned to the style and themes of his pre-war surrealistic art.
In France, Magritte's work has been showcased in a number of retrospective exhibitions, most recently at the Centre Georges Pompidou (2016–2017). In the United States his work has been featured in three retrospective exhibitions: at the Museum of Modern Art in 1965, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1992, and again at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2013. An exhibition entitled "The Fifth Season" at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in 2018 focused on the work of his later years.
Politically, Magritte stood to the left, and retained close ties to the Communist Party, even in the post-war years. However, he was critical of the functionalist cultural policy of the Communist left, stating that "Class consciousness is as necessary as bread; but that does not mean that workers must be condemned to bread and water and that wanting chicken and champagne would be harmful. (...) For the Communist painter, the justification of artistic activity is to create pictures that can represent mental luxury." While remaining committed to the political left, he thus advocated a certain autonomy of art. Spiritually, Magritte was an agnostic.
Popular interest in Magritte's work rose considerably in the 1960s, and his imagery has influenced pop, minimalist, and conceptual art. In 2005 he was 9th in the Walloon version of De Grootste Belg (The Greatest Belgian); in the Flemish version he was 18th.
Herengracht 02/01/2019 19h02
Love the colorful lights of this installation.
Amsterdam Light Festival
Amsterdam Light Festival is an annual light art festival in Amsterdam. Artists, architects and (light) designers from all over the world bring their light artworks and installations alive during the festival every winter.
For our seventh edition, artists from home and abroad take you on a journey along 30 light artworks specially created for Amsterdam. The 53-day exhibition revolves around the theme ‘The Medium is the Message’, the famous statement by the Canadian scientist Marshall McLuhan. The role of light in conveying a message and the city of Amsterdam as a medium for telling stories are central to this edition.
www.amsterdamlightfestival.com
MIDNIGHT SUMMER DREAM
Artist: Teatro Metaphora (Portugal)
Who could have thought that discarded washing machines could form the basis of an artwork? The Portuguese artists’ collective Teatro Metaphora did: they used dozens of washing machine drums for their hanging installation 'Midnight Summer Dream' and illuminated them in 5 different colours.
The drums originate from discarded washing machines collected by the group members over the period of several months on the island of Madeira, where they live and work. Some machines were found in the garbage, while other unwanted ones were given to them by fellow islanders.
The artists enjoy demonstrating that you can create something very meaningful when you recycle ordinary objects. For their project 'Yes, Less Can! '(2017) they collected an enormous amount of empty soda cans during a half year, which they then turned into colourful posters and decorations for the streets of Câmara de Lobos on Madeira. ‘Upcycling’, as it’s called, is something contemporary designers are doing more and more these days. Think, for instance, of Piet Hein Eek’s famous furniture pieces made of reclaimed wood.
Teatro Metaphora doesn’t only work on art projects but regularly writes and organises theatre performances as well. It’s no coincidence then that the title of this artwork reminds you of William Shakespeare’s famous 16th century play, 'A Midsummer Night’s Dream'. In this piece, which takes place on a warm summer’s night in a forest illuminated by the moon, four young lovers, a group of actors and even fairies encounter a whole host of adventures. You’re now seeing this installation in slightly less sultry conditions, but hopefully you can imagine being in a similar environment, in the company of others and in the intimacy of the dark night.
© Diana Yakowitz all rights reserved.
"Q" Ordinary Object, Q is for Question Mark. But what is the Question?
Late with this post (suppose to be on odd Wednesday), but I wanted to get this sign at night and I just kept forgetting about it till the next day, and then the next, etc. It is a mystery. The sign looks like just a black square with a white question mark during the day, but at night the light shows that it was created over another sign - "See ya soon" , etc. To make it more mysterious I chose to shoot it hand held with too long a shutter speed to get just enough movement to create the effects without losing the question mark shape. After all, a question suggests uncertainty.
I like it as part of the set, even though not a typical shot for me. Actually, I am not sure I have a typical shot anyway.
Stayed in today except to get this shot tonight and I feel better from my allergies. Thanks to all who wished me well.
I'm planning on doing a series of ordinary object in macro, trying to show them in a bit different light. I am going for a kind of abstract feel, as well. This is my first shot, which I took with my lensbaby. Any thoughts?
You can see the others in the series here: www.flickr.com/photos/emmadog49/sets/72157624651969347/
Taking photos devellops a special way of looking at things around you. We discover new meanings for ordinary objects by watching them in different perspectives. Well, this isn't exactly an ordinary object, but it wouldn't look like this if I wasn't carrying my camera this afternoon.
By the way, this is not a collage. I really saw this tale somewhere today. Just erased a distracting small tree in the bottom left corner, that's all. I happen to like it a lot, hope you will too.
I look at objects from different angles. One could walk by an ordinary object and not think much of it. I try to explore it through my lens and take a picture of it.
If you'd look long enough into it, you can get lost in time :)
© Diana Yakowitz all rights reserved.
"S" Ordinary Object, S is for "Steamer." This is the latest image in a flickrfriend challenge called Odd Wednesday where I am working my way through the alphabet photographing an ordinary object for each letter. Preferably something I wouldn't normally think to photograph.
Just made it on Explore #500 May 19,2010
Natural history of universe history // // // human history, world history --- Research Overview
Chronology of World History (Natural universe, the earth, the human world, life) // New geological new astronomical - chronological universe
Historical records and research according to the World, World History, the history of world civilization, chronicle world events, as well as natural history, earth history, history of the universe, geological history, biological history and the like.
World History books have a lot of authority, the United States, Britain, Russia, Europe, middle country have similar universal history masterpiece. Scroll a few million words, it is worth intensive reading. Shanfanjiujian this article, a brief description of some of the problems, as superficial academic exchanges.
Chronology of World History
About 300,400 million years ago: humans appeared on earth.
About 200,300 --1 million years ago: Palaeolithic humans. Chipped stone popular, has been the use of fire
Collection industry, descent and family matriarchal commune produced.
BC 3 - 1 million years ago: the primitive religion appears.
About 12,000 BC - 4000 BC: Stone Age humans. Invention and using a bow, fine stone widely used hunting industry.
From about 8000 BC - Former 2000: mankind has entered the Neolithic Age. Popular burnishing stone, there have been primitive agriculture and animal husbandry
. Matriarchal commune prosperity.
6000 BC: Asia Minor appeared linen and wool fabrics.
Circa 6000 - 1000 BC: ancient Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Greece, Rome, Persia, India and other places were primitive and ancient religions
Teach prevalent.
BC 4000 - 3000 BC: Ancient Egypt, Southwest Asia, Southern Europe, Central Europe and China and other places have started to use copper ore.
3500 BC - 3100 years ago: in ancient Mesopotamia Uruk period. It appears pottery wheel pottery and ziggurat building, creating a cuneiform. Gouy
And national (Nome) is formed. It appeared hieroglyphics.
3500 BC - 3000 BC: Ancient Mesopotamia residents began to use wheeled transport. The ancient Egyptians used in agriculture plow, harrow
And fertilization.
3100 years ago: the rulers of ancient Egypt conquered Lower Egypt Menes, the initial formation of national unity. Egypt started the Early Dynastic Period.
3000 BC: Ancient Mesopotamia Sumerian city-state area appeared slavery.
3000 BC: Ancient Egyptian appear paddle and sail boats. The ancient Egyptians used bronze mirrors. Ancient Indians invented the stamp characters.
Before 2686 - before 2181: the Egyptian Old Kingdom. Complete national unity, large-scale construction of the pyramid.
Before the 27th century: the heroic epic of ancient Mesopotamia Sumerian era of the "Epic of Gilgamesh" is formed.
26th century BC: the famous ancient Egyptian Sphinx completed.
Europe appears knitting machine.
Chronology of World History "World History, World History." Long and complicated history of the world, some historical facts will inevitably have questions or inaccurate too, need to continue to identify and correct them later modified to restore the original appearance of history.
About 300,400 million years ago: humans appeared on earth.
About 200,300 --1 million years ago: Palaeolithic humans. Chipped stone popular, it has been the use of fire, late extensive use of bone, horn device. Hunting.
Collection industry, descent and family matriarchal commune produced.
About 170 million years ago: Yuanmou Yuanmou Chinese people living in this area, has been able to manufacture and use of stone tools.
{[(See World History, encyclopedias Stavros reason Oceanus: "Global History" McNeil "Rise of the West - the history of the human community" and "World History", as well as W · H.. McNeil's "World History" (1967), Stavrianos "global History" and so on.}
1
BC 3 - 1 million years ago: the primitive religion appears.
About 12,000 BC - 4000 BC: Stone Age humans. Invention and using a bow, fine stone widely used hunting industry.
From about 8000 BC - Former 2000: mankind has entered the Neolithic Age. Burnishing stone popular, there have been primitive agriculture and animal husbandry.
. Matriarchal commune prosperity.
6000 BC: Asia Minor appeared linen and wool fabrics.
Circa 6000 - 1000 BC: ancient Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Greece, Rome, Persia, India and other places were primitive and ancient religions
Teach prevalent.
Circa 5000: Start with a cold forging method and processing of natural copper southwest Asia and Central Asia. Ancient Egypt has been used and other arms balance scale, the most known
Weighing early.
From about 5000 BC - Former 4000: In ancient Egypt, the sun and moon appear as regular calendar.
BC 4000 - 3000 BC: Ancient Egypt, Southwest Asia, Southern Europe, Central Europe and China and other places have started to use copper ore.
3760 years ago: the first year of the ancient Jewish calendar.
3500 BC - 3100 years ago: in ancient Mesopotamia Uruk period. It appears pottery wheel pottery and ziggurat building, creating a cuneiform. Gouy
And national (Nome) is formed. It appeared hieroglyphics.
3500 BC - 3000 BC: Ancient Mesopotamia residents began to use wheeled transport. The ancient Egyptians used in agriculture plow, harrow
And fertilization.
{5ooo BC before}
Before 2686 - before 2181: the Egyptian Old Kingdom. Complete national unity, large-scale construction of the pyramid.
26th century BC: the famous ancient Egyptian Sphinx completed.
2,500 years ago: the ancient Sumerian Medicine found that mineral water has healing properties, the ancient Sumerians used oil lamps, learn to bake bread and brew beer
liqueur. Europe appears knitting machine.
Circa 2500 - 1500 BC: Xiyaguya said period
Before the 25th century - before the 23 century: in Ancient Babylonians invention of pottery carved on the map.
Before 2378 - before 2371: the ancient Sumerian king of Lagash Urukagina reign,
Before 2371 - before 2154: the ancient Mesopotamian Akkadian Kingdom.
From about 2300 BC - Former 1750: Ancient Indian Harappa culture period.
Before 2181 - before 2040: First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt.
Before 2017 - before 1595: the era of ancient Mesopotamia Ancient Babylon
Before 2000: - Aegean Mycenaean civilization appears. Ancient Egypt appear library, mummification.
Before 1900-- before 1600: the ancient Greek text appears linear, bronze widely used.
Walsh (William H.Walsh, 1913-1986), British philosopher>
Before 1792 - before 1750: Ancient Mesopotamia Ancient Babylon 6th generation reign of King Hammurabi, will be "Code of Hammurabi"
Before 1786 - before 1567: the Second Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt. Hyksos invasion of Egypt ruled over a hundred years.
Before the 18th century: ancient Babylon occurred farmers almanac, including irrigation, cultivation and harvesting, as the earliest known farmers almanac.
Before 1567 - before 1085: New Kingdom of ancient Egypt.
The ancient Babylonians created a well-developed mathematics and astronomy. Horses start for vehicle transport. UK Salisbury and Wiltshire areas built
Build Stonehenge. Ancient Egyptians used mercury.
About 14 centuries ago: Chinese Pan Geng moved to Yin from Om generate Oracle.
The first 14 - Former 12th century: the ancient Hittite Empire in West Asia.
The mid-14th century BC - 11th century ago: the ancient Xiyaguya said Empire.
About 13 centuries ago: Chinese Shang bronzes heyday. Late Shang Si Mu Wu Ding is the largest remaining bronze.
Former 11-- 9th century BC: the ancient Greek Homeric.
1000 BC - Former 600 years: The ancient Indian Vedic period. Aryan state formation, Brahmanism spread.
10th century - 612 years ago: the ancient Assyrian West New Empire. Iron appeared and widely used.
Top 10 - Top 5 Century: Ancient Indian earliest philosophical writings, Brahmanism classic "Upanishads" formation.
841 years ago
9 century ago: the ancient Greek Sparta state formation.
8th century: the ancient Greek epic "Iliad", "Odyssey" is formed, transfer to Homer. Pergamum invented parchment people in the Middle East.
Ancient Greek first Olympic Games held in Olympia.
BC 700 - 600 years ago: the ancient Phoenicians with suet and mountain ash into soap.
Before 8 - 6th century BC: the Roman monarchy era.
Before 626 BC - 539 years: the ancient Mesopotamia the Neo-Babylonian Kingdom.
Before 624 BC - 547 years: the ancient Greek philosopher Thales alive, the creation of Miletus school.
Before 610 BC - 546 years: the ancient Greek philosopher Anaximander alive.
About 7 centuries ago: the Babylonians found eclipses recurring Saros.
Before 604 BC - 561 years: the ancient Mesopotamia the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II reign, the construction of the Hanging Gardens, destroy the Jewish state.
594 years ago: the ancient Greek Athenian Solon implement political and economic reform, issued the "Code of Attica."
From about 580 BC - 500 years ago: the ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras was alive, the creation of the Pythagoreans.
About 563 years ago - 483 years ago: Sakyamuni, founder of Buddhism alive.
Before 558 BC - 330 years: the ancient Persian Empire and West Asia.
551 BC - 479 BC: Confucius alive, the creation of the Confucian school of thought, the first private school, presided over the compilation of ancient culture finishing. Existing "The Analects
"
.
About the first 500-- 449 years ago: Persian War.
Before 485 BC - 425 years: the ancient Greek historian Herodotus alive.
Before 469 BC - 399 years: the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates alive.
Before about 460 BC - 401 years: the ancient Greek historian Thucydides alive, author of "History of the Peloponnesian War."
About the first 460-- 370 years ago: the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus alive.
432 years ago: the ancient Greek Parthenon, built by the sculptor Phidias decorative design.
Former 431-- 404 years ago: the occurrence of the Peloponnesian War. World military history.
Before 427 BC - 348 years / 347 years ago: the ancient Greek philosopher Plato alive.
Before 334 BC - 324 years: the Macedonian king Alexander the Great led his army conquests of Persia, Central Asia and India, travel thousands of miles, the world's ancient history
The famous military expedition. .
Before 330 BC - 275 years: the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid alive, the "Geometry."
323 BC - 187 years ago: the ancient Indian kingdom of Magadha Mauryan period.
4th century BC - AD 3,4 century: the ancient Indian epic "Mahabharata" is formed.
Before 287 BC - 212 years: the ancient Greek mathematician and physicist Archimedes alive.
About 280 years ago: the ancient port city of Alexandria, Egypt built the Pharos lighthouse, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
About 269 years ago - 232 years ago: the ancient Indian kingdom of Magadha Mauryan king Ashoka reign of the Mauryan entered its peak phase.
7 years ago or four years ago: According to legend, the founder of the birth of Jesus Christ.
1st century: Greek sculptor Ndiaye Sandra Ross, Nuoduoluosi, 波利佐罗斯 three carved marble statue of "Laocoon."
1st century AD the Roman Empire began
395 years of Christianity
476 years of the Roman Empire split
Early 7th century Frankish kingdom established
622 years of the rise of Islam
676 Japanese Taika Reforms begin
8 mid-century Silla unified the Korean Peninsula most
In the early 9th century Arab empire become
843 formed the Kingdom of the English.
Charlie is not the 12th century division of the empire, France, Germany, and Italy produce prototype
Japan entered the 14-16 century during the reign of the Shogunate
1453 Renaissance in Europe
1453 Byzantine Empire
1492 Dias voyage along the southern coast of Africa
1497--1498, Columbus reached America / Columbus discovered the New World
1519-1522 Voyage Vasco da Gama India
1640 Magellan sailed round the world fleet
1688 English bourgeois revolution began
1760s British coup, the new bourgeoisie and the establishment of the rule of Guizhou
1775--1783 British industrial revolution began
July 4, 1776 North American War of Independence
North American Continental Congress issued a "Declaration of Independence", the United States declared independence
Power 1785 Watt improved the steam engine is made to start a textile machine used / technological revolution, industrial
1848--1849 European revolution
1861 Russian serfdom reform
1861 --1865 US Civil War
Japan's Meiji Restoration began in 1868
Finalize the unification of Italy in 1870
1871 completed the unification of Germany, the German Empire was established
1939.9 Second World War broke out
1
1943.12.1, the United States, Britain issued the Cairo Declaration <>
The United Nations established 1945.10
The former Soviet Union.
1993 establishing the European Union
World History events
Create ancient Egyptian civilization
Old Babylonian kingdom
"Code of Hammurabi" development
Trojan War
Solon
Darius Battle
Battle of Marathon
The birth of Ancient Greek Philosophy / human history, cultural heritage, European civilization
/
Olympic Games / World Sports Events
[Many major events in world history, important people, it is difficult to accurately include all of them. There are various versions of the General History of the World, it is difficult consensus.]
Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire
Establishment and spread of Christianity
"Justinian Code" handed down
Germanic peoples migration
Founding and demise of the Mayan civilization
Collisions of European civilization
The collapse of the Byzantine Empire
The rise of the Ottoman Empire
Hundred Years War
Renaissance
Shakespeare Drama Creation
Opening of new routes
The European Reformation
Copernicus presented heliocentric
Newton discovered gravity
English bourgeois revolution
Faraday invention motor
Enlightenment
Reform of Peter I / Russia
The first industrial revolution
American Revolutionary
The French Revolution
The rise and fall of Napoleon
Latin American War of Independence
1848 European Revolution
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
the Meiji Reform
The establishment of the first international
second industrial revolution
Telephone and radio technology invention
Wright brothers and the birth of the aircraft
Birth car
Krstic invention Train
World War I
Establishment of an international coalition
Einstein theory of relativity
Second World War
The former Soviet Union / the end of the Cold War.
The establishment of the United Nations
New Changes in the third technological revolution the international political and economic new pattern of new trends
Modern society / world economy and world politics / World Military / World Culture / World Religion / World Population, etc.
Globalization - new opportunities, new challenges, new world and evolution
Man on the moon / cosmic revolution, the revolutionary planet, the planet began to society
{{ "The Outline of History" (English) Hz with Joe Wells.
"The Outline of History: Biological and concise history of mankind" (English) Hz with Joe Wells.
"History of Western civilization," [US] · E · Robert Lerner waited. This is a very influential book in North America, three co-historian. The former Soviet Academy of Sciences Editor: World History
"World history of civilization," [US] Philip Lee Ralph waited. 4 co-historian.
"World history of civilization," the Weierdulan. An amazing work. }}
Appears cloning / modern biological technology
Create ancient Egyptian civilization
Old Babylonian kingdom
Trojan War
Solon
Darius Battle
Battle of Marathon
Establishment and spread of Christianity
"Justinian Code" handed down
Germanic peoples migration
Founding and demise of the Mayan civilization
The collapse of the Byzantine Empire
The rise of the Ottoman Empire
Hundred Years War
Renaissance
Opening of new routes
The European Reformation
Copernicus presented heliocentric
Newton discovered gravity
English bourgeois revolution
NYSE / capitalist development
Faraday invention motor
Reform of Peter I
The first industrial revolution
American Revolutionary
The French Revolution
The rise and fall of Napoleon
1848 European Revolution
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Telephone and radio technology invention
{{Main part of world history events, individual controversial history of the world can be found in general history, world history and civilization classics Encyclopedia of network resources, the world's three encyclopedia}}.
Third technological revolution
After the Cold War new world-changing. Competitive countries in the world, the rapid development of modern science and technology productivity.
Genetic engineering, aerospace engineering, computer and information network engineering, materials engineering, energy engineering, mechatronics, biomedical engineering, agricultural engineering, intelligent robotics, marine technology, military engineering and technology applied to human society greatly.
Competition and conflict in various new challenges, new conflicts, civilization, religion, nationality, culture, etc. followed, the world order is facing change and innovation, a serious challenge to the consolidation and development of the turmoil in the world order - Transformation ago Row.
Humans - primates
Primates - physiological characteristics {evolutionary / biological human primate evolution, comparative study}
Primates primate skull
In primates inhabit trees common features, there are many differences. Including the holding force needed collarbone in the chest ribs, all angles to ensure freedom of movement of the shoulder, in front of the fingers, nails, touch sensitive finger (toe) end, the tendency smell degradation, the number of teeth is relatively degraded, complex visual system (visual sensitivity and color sense), and trunk disproportionate brain, the cerebral cortex expanded pairs of mammary gland, a common child, a longer gestation period and the like.
Usually highly social primates, and there is hierarchy. Pliocene period began monogamous primates, and form a stable patriarchal society.
Primate head has two eyes forward: This binocular can provide an accurate sense of distance. There are towering above the orbital brow.
There is a huge dome on primate skull - skull, which was unusual in its class. Skull protects the brain following the same difference. Human cranial cavity volume (space inside the skull) than non-human primates should be three times the largest cranial cavity, which show that humans have larger brains. The average human cranial volume is 1201 cubic centimeters, while gorillas are 469 cm3, 400 cm3 chimps, orangutans is 397 cubic centimeters. The primary direction of primate evolution is the brain, especially the neocortex. According to anthropologists and geneticists concluded that the evolution and mutation of the human brain in a few tens of thousand years after part of evolution, part may be degraded. to genetic variation, mutation, cells, enzymes, proteins and the like.
Primates generally have five toes on each forelimb (finger), the end of each toe has horny toenails. Hand, foot and toes very sensitive skin, constitute a well-developed sense of touch systems. Most primates are suitable for the thumb grip objects (opposable thumbs), which is characterized by iconic primates, but not unique. For example opossum there so fingers. For primates, such as finger nails is accompanied by short walk between the ancient trees of the product. Many methods thus developed upper limb walking out.
Primate of all ring-shaped neck sternum very obvious
Snout primates (lower jaw) showed shrinking trend. Technically speaking, the Old World and New World monkeys distinction lies in the structure of the nose, and the difference between the Old World monkeys and apes in the arrangement of the teeth. New World monkeys nostrils facing side, and old world monkeys are toward the lower nostril. Primates with a variety of teeth arranged manner. Hominid molar tip (the last tip) is in the early history of primates evolved, and this corresponds to the original lower molars tip (lower front tip) will disappear. Prosimians has its unique fixed upper lip, wet nose and lower front teeth inward.
Primate evolution and vision compared to most mammals was unusual. Primate ancestors developed trichromatic vision (can see three colors function), and nocturnal animals, warm-blooded animals and other mammals in the dinosaur ancestors of the period is lost in one third of the retinal cones.
Movement primates varied and useful arms, feet, jumping, arboreal, and walk on all fours on land, knuckles and other reptiles. Many of the original monkeys suborder animals vertical jumping and attached to trees, shrubs, including many monkeys, all indri. Humans are the only primates to fully upright.
Female migration system - born females leave the group. Male remained in the original population, while females and the collective is not closely linked.
Male exchange system - females remain in the original group and the males in adulthood Relocate. Allow polygamy society will fall into this category. Such social groups usually slightly larger, common in the ring-tailed lemurs, capuchin monkeys.
Monogamy - a male and a female stable structure, sometimes accompanied by heirs. Family care and social services (such as territorial defense) the work is divided into two sides. Parents will leave the territory after adult children. Such a society is more typical gibbon groups. However, where monogamy is not faithful representation of life.
Lonely type (for female) - together with the male will protect their territory, and which will include several female areas of activity. Such structures are found in apes.
Primates
Primate slower growth than other mammals. In addition to humans, primates cubs all rely on breastfeeding transfer of nutrients by the mother to protect, guide and support. Some species are also males, particularly his father, in charge of children's activities and safety. Other family members. encyclopedia site Wikipedia, Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Americana and other information sites.]>
Primate mammals than the same size has a longer childhood (from weaning to sexual maturity). These are usually playing in knowledge gained. Later brought to maturity with the same size primate mammal compared to a longer life. And the average female life expectancy is longer than males.
Primate food source is very extensive. Most primates eat fruits, in order to absorb the digestible carbohydrates and fats for energy. However, other primates also need food, such as leaves or insects, for amino acids, vitamins and minerals (trace elements).
Baboon is the only major herbivorous primates. Tarsiers are the most carnivorous primates - eats insects, reptiles, and other animals. {Advanced intelligent life in the current scientific findings in humans with only other similar microbes in extreme environments - Extreme Life may find other planets or large in the universe, however, similar primate mammals in the visible Earth, the moon. Jupiter, Mars may not have even within the scope of these and other higher organisms. even if there had probably already extinct. As for whether within a larger universe, of course, can not all negative, however, there is the possibility, but not too much. extremophiles or other extreme life have then the possibility of a slightly larger universe in the development of change, extreme extreme biological life will produce and perish. everything is developing and changing universe, astrophysics, particle, expressing various forms of expression of life forms also is full of development and change.}.
Cosmic history summary table:
Temperature (K) Energy (eV) time (s) during physical Times
1032102810-44 Planck era
1028102410-35 grand unified era
10-35, -33 soaring inflation stage process
101310910-6 hadron era
101110710-2 lepton era .
10,101,061 neutrino neutrino decoupling decoupling
5 × 109 5 × 105 5 electron annihilation of electron-positron pairs
1,091,053 points nucleosynthesis era of light nuclides generated
400 million years of the formation of the first stars, reionization
Galaxies, large scale structure formation
2.725 3 × 10-4 137 billion years Modern
.
A brief history of the Earth's geology: for reference only, can be found in the relevant research monograph, the World Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Americana, Wikipedia, Wikipedia and other websites on behalf of strata, representatives of the International Geological years.
Archean (AR, Archean Eon): about 4.567 billion to 25 billion years ago
Eoarchean (Ar0, Eoarchean Era): about 4.567 billion to 36 billion years ago
Paleoarchean (Ar1, Paleoarchean Era): about 3.6 billion to 32 billion years ago
The Archean (Ar2, Mesoarchean Era): about 32 billion to 2.8 billion years ago
Neoarchean (Ar3, Neoarchean Era): about 28 billion to 2.5 billion years ago
Proterozoic (PT, Proterozoic Eon): about 25 billion to 543 million years ago
Paleoproterozoic (Pt1, Paleoproterozoic Era): about 2.5 billion to 18 billion years ago
Before Hutuo discipline: about 2.5 billion to 23 billion years ago
Hutuo Ji (Ht): about 23 billion to 1.8 billion years ago
Mesoproterozoic (Pt2, Mesoproterozoic Era): about 1.8 billion to 10 billion years ago
Great Wall century (Ch): about 1.8 billion to 14 billion years ago
Early Great Wall World (Ch1):
Late Great Wall World (Ch2):
Jixianian (Jx): about 1.4 billion to 10 billion years ago
Early Jixian World (Jx1):
Late Jixian World (Jx2):
Neoproterozoic (Pt3, Neoproterozoic Era): about 10 billion to 543 million years ago
Qingbaikou (Qb): from about 10 million to 800 million years ago / tonian (Tonian Period): about 10 billion to 850 million years ago
Early Qingbaikou World (Qb1):
Late Qingbaikou World (Qb2):
Nanhua (Nh): about 800 million to 6.8 billion years ago / Cryogenian (Cryogenian Period): about 850 million to 6.3 billion years ago
Early Nanhua World (Nh1):
Nanhua Night World (Nh2):
Sinian (Z): about 6.8 billion to 543 million years ago / Ediacaran [Ediacaran Period, also known as the Neoproterozoic record Ⅲ (Neoproterozoic)]: about 635 million ~ 542 million years ago
Early Sinian (Z1):
Late Sinian (Z2):
Phanerozoic (PH, Phanerozoic Eon): about 543 million years ago - the future
Paleozoic (Pz, Paleozoic Era): about 543 million to 2.5 billion years ago
Early Paleozoic: about 542 million ~ 416 million years ago
Cambrian (∈, Cambrian Period): about 543 million to 4.9 billion years ago
Early Cambrian
The Cambrian
Late Cambrian
Ordovician (O, Ordovician Period): about 4.9 billion to 438 million years ago (say about 488 300 000 - 443 700 000 years ago)
Early Ordovician (O1):
Middle Ordovician (O2):
Late Ordovician (O3):
Silurian (S, Silurian Period): about 438 million to 4.1 billion years ago
Early Silurian (S1):
Middle Silurian (S2):
Late Silurian (S3):
Top Silurian (S4):
Late Paleozoic: about 416 million ~ 251 million years ago
Devonian (D, Devonian Period): 4.1 billion to 354 million years ago
Early Devonian
Middle Devonian
Late Devonian
Carboniferous (C, Carboniferous Period): about 354 million to 2.95 million years ago
Early Carboniferous (C1):
Late Carboniferous (C2):
Permian (P, Permian Period): about 295 million to 2.5 billion years ago
Early Permian (P1):
Middle Permian (P2):
Late Permian (P3):
Mesozoic (Mz, Mesozoic Era): about 2.5 million to 65.95 million years ago
Triassic (T, Triassic Period): about 2.5 billion to 205 million years ago
Early Triassic (T1):
Middle Triassic (T2):
Late Triassic (T3): geochronology / stratigraphic division
Jurassic (J, Jurassic Period): about 205 million ~ 137 million years ago
Early Jurassic (J1):
Middle Jurassic (J2):
Late Jurassic (J3):
Cretaceous (K, Cretaceous Period): about 137 million years ago ~ 65,950,000
Early Cretaceous (K1):
Late Cretaceous (K2):
Cenozoic (Cz, Cenozoic Era): approximately 65.95 million years ago - the future
Paleogene (E, Paleogene Period): about 6,500 million to 23.3 million years ago
Paleocene (E1): approximately 65.95 million - 55.8 million years ago
Eocene (E2): about 55.8 million - 33.9 million years ago
Oligocene (E3): about 33.9 million - 23.3 million
Neogene (N, Neogene Period): about 23.3 million to 260 million years ago.
Miocene (N1): about 23.3 million to 530 million years ago
Pliocene (N2): about 530 million to 2.6 million years ago
Quaternary (Q): about 260 million years ago - the future
Pleistocene (Qp): about 2.6 million to 1.15 million years ago
Holocene (Qb): about 1.15 million years ago - 1808
Anthropocene (Anthropocene epoch): about 1808 - Future
In the study of evolutionary history or geological processes on Earth, and sometimes do not necessarily need to know the exact time of geological events, but only needs to know the order between them, the only method of determining the sequence of geological events called relative geological time
Geological age and is closely related to human evolution.
Geologic Time Scale: <> light-years, a great span .1 trillion trillion years in 1oo years equal to .1 trillion light years ----- hundred light years distance traveled. astronomical. Encyclopedia of network resources. Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Americana, Encyclopedia of life, Wikipedia and other geological]. " .
Implicit Phanerozoic:
Archean (Ar): 45 million years ago, lasted for 2.1 billion years.
Proterozoic (Pt): 24 million years ago, lasted for 1.83 billion years.
Phanerozoic:
Paleozoic (Pz):
Cambrian (∈): 5.7 billion years ago, lasted for 70 trillion years.
Ordovician (O): 5 million years ago, lasted for 60 trillion years.
Silurian (S): 4.4 billion years ago, lasted for 40 trillion years.
Devonian (D): 4 billion years ago, lasted for 50 trillion years.
Carboniferous (C): 3.5 billion years ago, lasted for 65 trillion years.
Permian (P): 2.85 billion years ago, lasted for 55 trillion years.
Mesozoic (Mz):
Triassic (T): 2.3 billion years ago, lasted for 35 trillion years.
Jurassic (J): 1.95 billion years ago, lasted for 58 trillion years.
Cretaceous (K): 1.37 billion years ago, lasted for 70 trillion years.
Cenozoic (Kz):
Tertiary (R): 67 trillion years ago, lasted 64.5 trillion years.
Paleocene: 65 trillion years ago for 9 trillion years.
Eocene: 56 trillion years ago, for 21 trillion years.
Oligocene: 35 trillion years ago, for 12 trillion years.
Miocene: 23 trillion years ago, for 18 trillion years.
Pliocene: 5 trillion years ago, continued 3.4 trillion years.
Quaternary (Q): 2.5 trillion years ago for 2.5 trillion years.
Pleistocene: 1.6 trillion years ago, continued 1.59 trillion years.
Holocene: 10,000 years ago. All accounts, a variety of opinions, strengths reference reading is not conclusive.
Geological time scale (refer to reading)
Implicit Phanerozoic:
Ancient offerings: 4.5 billion (some say 4.6 billion) to 38 billion years ago, 700 million years duration.
Archean (Ar): 38 billion to 2.7 billion years ago for 11 million years.
Proterozoic (Pt):
Early: 2.7 billion to 18 billion years ago, 900 million years duration.
Interim:
Changcheng Period: 18 billion to 1.4 billion years ago, for 4 billion years.
Jixianian: 1.4 billion to 10 billion years ago, for 4 billion years.
Late:
Qingbaikou: 10 million to 800 million years ago, the last 2 million years.
Sinian (Z): 8 million to 570 million years ago, 230 million years duration.
Wende Generation: 610 million to 6 million years ago, for 1 million years.
Phanerozoic:
Paleozoic (Pz):
Early:
Cambrian (∈): 5.7 billion to 510 million years ago, for six million years. Anomalocaris.
Ordovician (O): 5.1 billion to 439 million years ago, continued 71 trillion years. Great Ordovician radiation (GOBE, occurred in Phanerozoic evolution of a major biological event). Orthoceras.
The first mass extinction: 438 million years ago
Silurian (S): 4.39 billion to 408 million years ago, continued 31 trillion years. Pterygotus.
Late:
Devonian (D): 4.08 million to 362.5 million years ago, continued 45.5 trillion years. Dunkleosteus.
The second mass extinction: 3.6 billion years ago
Carboniferous (C): 3.625 billion to 290 million years ago, continued 72.5 trillion years. Giant spiders.
Permian (P): 2.9 billion to 245 million years ago, for 45 trillion years. Dimetrodon.
The third mass extinction: 245 million years ago, the number of more than 70%, 97% of species. Trilobites extinct.
Mesozoic (Mz):
Triassic (T):
Early:
Yin Duan Order: 2.5 million to 245 million years ago, for 5 trillion years.
order: 2.45 billion to 242 million years ago, for 3 trillion years.
{{See [US] • James Preston with, geographical thought history,
[English] R.J. Johnston of geography and geographers}}
<>.
AD 2,050- year 2, 100-year {according to the development of modern science and technology, the modern world economy, politics, military, religion, culture, education, resources, environment, ecology, population and so many data, rely on electronic computing model, rough analysis of historical development trends in context, focusing on human society and the whole world history evolution and developments, events, etc., but also a variety of scientific and technological research Advances according to generally study the changes in the natural, historical process of the universe and significant nature, and the universe mutations, etc. the main macro situation, roughly evolution situation, not microscopic scene from the time data, the reference data are also large, and the rest can be used as supplementary information. Therefore, the time span is very inconsistent.}
[Humans into Mars and return safely to Earth. Moon base, Mars base began preliminary work.
Marine rapid technological breakthroughs, the development of the Polar breakthrough.
Slow growth in the world economy, changes in the world situation changes.
Human population growth, resources and environment has deteriorated.
Reform of the United Nations / United Nations Special Representative of the Army / Secretary-General of the United Nations / United Nations permanent and non-permanent / United Nations International Tribunal / United Nations presences
States intensified competition, war occasionally occur. Various conflict-prone world pattern of gradual change, the new industrial revolution, technological revolution gaining momentum.
AD 21oo - AD 22oo years
The new mode of production
Slow world economic growth, after the strong boost
Planet revolution, the development of increasingly powerful universe, moon base, Mars base gradually established.
Polar development, ocean development, utilization or modification desert, mountain use
Increasingly powerful technological development, extension of human life, to overcome incurable diseases
When the nuclear threat of nuclear terrorism is still enveloped the world in some areas and hot spots of conflict have occurred, the individual fighting frequently.
The industrial revolution, agricultural revolution substantial progress, national wrestling competition
Increasing integration of the world, the world changes ASDC preliminary molding
Resource crisis, population growth, conflicts, local wars and danger
Enhanced role of the UN and rights. Enlarge the role of regional organizations of the United Nations to further strengthen the role of
Major issues of peace and security, economic development and human rights.
AD 23oo - AD 25oo years
Accelerate the integration of all aspects of the world / world politics / world economy / World Military / World Religions / World Science and Technology / world culture. National competition and uneven development, different, may go hand in hand, it may lead, lead the world, can not be generalized.
New world, a new world order / US., Russia, India, Europe, Japan, Argentina and other developing countries, appearing in a multi-polar unipolar lead unipolar or multi-pole to keep in hand, like a track and field race , long-distance running, sprinting, sprint, as runner-up or tied, but eventually there will still be a leader in the leading pack, leading the world. this hegemony in the traditional sense is significantly different.
Revolution Universe
AD AD 2,500- 3,000 years {post-industrial era. Intelligent modern industry, modern agriculture, a big step forward.
The situation in the world tend to be stable, easing Human society initially entered the planet. Moon man, Mars and other interstellar humanity.
The new economic structure economy / Economy - wisdom, and increasing social economic productivity, production tools, mode of production, relations of production, production resources.
Increased competition in the world. There are occasional conflicts and war.
When changes occur naturally universe, the earth, the moon is obvious. Earth's natural disasters is more common.
Two pole exploitation.
Moon person / Mars / Earth
Year 3,000 AD 5,000 years {human society entered the era of artificial intelligence, alien immigrants transformation shape.
Mankind enters the moons of Jupiter and other planets. Human detectors flying the solar system.
5th, 2000 --- AD 8,000 years
Earth society will also be significant changes and transformation.
AD 8, 2000 - 12th, 2000 / symbol year from now 2, ooo years -1o, ooo years as a symbol of the Earth {the revolution, the revolutionary planet, the universe will completely change the world revolution}
Super wisdom of the ages, super intelligence community came into being.
AD 15, 000 - AD 20, 2000
Wisdom biological robots appear.
Universe and change the planet. Human activity detector probe into the Milky Way and other galaxies. Humanity into other celestial bodies.
Highly intelligent life is found, but a similar extreme microbes. Planet touch state social model.
[Change the planet, the solar system change. Planet Earth and human survival in severe challenges and risks intensify.
AD 30, 000 - AD 50, 000 years {.. Human beings live on Earth, the Moon and Mars and other celestial bodies, planets society is gradually forming} planet survival technology gradually develop and grow, including Earth, Moon, Mars and the solar system are all in change, the planet of the world. survival and development more difficult and dangerous.
Changes in the universe. Planets and social crisis facing the challenges of changing times Earth's humanity, the Earth revolution.
AD 100, 000 - AD ******* years / 1oo, ooo years as a sign of macroeconomic data are used to study them, which is more in line closer to the natural and human history of the real world and the evolution of evolution trajectory image jump. empt a conclusion, clearly contrary to the true face of historical development, misleading and distorted the history and natural history of the world history of the universe.
AD 15o, ooo years ---- 2oo, ooo years
AD 3oo, ooo years --1, ooo, ooo-year history {Annals, 1oo years as a major landmark in.
AD 1,5oo, ooo years --- 2, ooo, ooo years
New geological new astronomical - chronological universe
........... ********** ********* ----- Other omitted from the year 2ooo years ---- 2 ooo, ooo years, the time span has been great, too great astronomical, so far after the fact without connection, the length of the history of the human history of the universe has enough new geological new astronomy - universe chronology, abbreviation:.. new geological new astronomical - chronological universe / NNACU.
<Mutation nature of the universe, the Earth and endanger other planets. Planets and other parts of the universe, explosion.
Part of human destruction or extinction, celestial hazards, biological extinction inevitable dangers and disasters threaten mankind.
Humans to survive and continue to continue to survive in the planet and the universe. Planet survival techniques developed.
<Universe changes and natural hazards, diverse, compared to a variety of disasters to human society hundreds of millions of times stronger human society can survive, whether planet or perish disintegration, explosion, collapse, these are extremely important problems. so, problem solution natural history of the universe changes, or mutations, this is the key. even if mankind enters Mars, the moon, is also facing these life and death problems. (1) Natural Yu Zhou whether the overall collapse and collapse? (2) whether humans have enough wisdom and ability to escape this unscathed (3) the destruction of the universe is inevitable or necessarily has its chance, including (4) remains the most critical are:?.? the destruction of the universe as a whole or partial destruction, what will matter Ukraine has evolved into what? everything is emptiness. If this theory was established, the inevitable demise of mankind and the universe. In other words, human history will end naturally, will declare the demise of the universe. Should the universe there is no overall destruction and collapse, human life or other life will there are likely to survive. this is the article with particular emphasis on the two major propositions. scientific research and scientific reasoning is sometimes very important, but in the end still needs a lot of verifiable data and the like.
A. nothingness.
B. heat death of the universe theory: Heat Death Theory and cosmic contraction theory is opposed to, in this case, gravity is not strong, you can not go beyond the expansion of the universe appears therefore exponential expansion, heat evenly distributed in the universe is cold, dark TLC, the final will be an all-star by one end perish.
C. Vacuum metastability event: Event metastable vacuum exists in the universe is a basic unstable state, the universe we live in a stable edge to swing. Some scientists say the reasoning, the next few billion years, the universe will be at the edge of subversion, then at some point the bubble universe.
D. On the death of a black hole in the universe most substances are surrounded by a black hole, the galaxy is concerned, it contains a variety of stars in its center there is a supermassive black hole. When the stars fall into the black hole or the galaxy "event boundary", they will be disintegrated, in a finite universe, black holes will eventually engulf most of the material, the final residue of a dark universe.
E. cosmic cycle: the traditional view that the universe is eternal existence, in the big bang singularity theory of the universe starting model, the universe is cyclical, it will be permanently sustained expansion and contraction.
F. cosmic contraction theory: The most prominent theory of how the universe is the Big Bang theory of the beginning, at first only singularities all substances present in the form, which is an infinitely dense point, for some reason after the explosion, it is difficult to outward confidence speed expansion, culminating in today's universe. On the large contraction and the big bang theory contrary, gravity will eventually slow the universe's expansion, stagnation and contraction.
"Kepler's third law: T2 / R3 = K (= 4π2 / GM) {R: radius of the orbit, T: cycle, K: constant (nothing to do with the planet's mass, depending on the quality of the central object)}
The law of gravity: F = Gm1m2 / r2 (G = 6.67 × 10-11N • m2 / kg2, directions on their connection)
Gravity and gravitational acceleration celestial bodies: GMm / R2 = mg; g = GM / R2 {R: celestial body radius (m), M: celestial body mass (kg)}
4. satellites orbiting velocity, angular velocity, period: V = (GM / r) 1/2; ω = (GM / r3) 1/2; 1/2 {M T = 2π (r3 / GM): the central body mass }. "
1. Dark energy is too large, too little dark matter, cosmic expansion rate is too large, continue to accelerate the expansion and eventually unlimited expansion.
2 dark energy and gravity of various substances in the universe was flat, the universe will continue to slow down the expansion, the expansion rate will be closer to zero, but can never reach zero.
3 less dark energy, gravity dominates the expansion of the universe will continue to slow down, then stop the expansion, contraction steering, all matter in the universe ultimately shrink back into a point, and start all over.
In the first model (ie, closed universe), the expansion of the universe was sufficiently slowly that the gravitational difference between galaxies in the expansion slows down and eventually make it stop. Then start close to each galaxy, the universe began to shrink.
the first sort
In the second model (open space), the expansion of the universe was so fast that gravity make it slow although some never could make it stop. Nearby galaxies distance versus time. Distance to zero at the beginning of the last galaxies steady speed away from each other;
In the second type is always expanded model, additional space is curved, like a saddle. Therefore, in this case space is infinite.
Finally, there is a third class of solutions, expansion of the universe is just fast enough to avoid collapsing. Distance galaxies started from zero, always increases. However, although the speed of the galaxy apart will never become zero, this speed is getting slower.
In the third category Friedmann model just the critical rate of expansion, space is flat (it is unlimited).
Theoretical physicist noted, human or gradually decay into radiation, after its own collapse completely disappeared, or because the faster expansion of the universe to collapse.
According to Big Rip theory, dark energy will make the structure of the universe distorted, leading to the first galaxies tear, followed by a smaller black holes, planets and stars. Expansion of the universe is growing drag force, once it reaches more than galaxies gather
Another possible way to the end of the universe is called the "big contraction."
If the substance within the universe declining over time, there will be a large contraction, resulting gravitational forces become dominant. Gravitational contraction of the universe leads to the result that stars, galaxies and planets collide with each other, the universe collapse occurred. Theoretical physicist, said some areas within the universe has begun to collapse, the collapse of the universe will eventually devour its
According to Higgs theory, the phase change in ten billion of a second after the Big Bang occurred, resulting in changes in the structure of space-time.
Newtonian cosmology:
1 was observed at any point in the universe, the center of the universe were symmetrical
2 the same time measuring the universe points, density are equal
3 little universe in any other conduct particle measurements relations
About the structure of the universe are:
Gaitian said: day round as cover sheets, places such as chess game.
Ancient Greek and Roman doctrine of original universe
Water is the origin of the universe - Thales
The outermost layer of the universe is never extinguished Skyfire said - Pythagoras
Multilayer crystal ball says - Aristotle
Earth is the center - Ptolemy
Western medieval universe theory
After the Middle Ages, cosmology was included in the scholastic system, know the late Renaissance Copernicus based on astronomical observations long write "heavenly bodies" presented heliocentric. Bruno is further believed that the sun is not the center of the universe, the universe is infinite, there is no center.
The classic model of the universe
Newton's first classical mechanics and Euclidean geometry concepts to establish a system of absolute infinite universe.
Relativistic cosmological model
Einstein November 1915 published a general theory of relativity, space and time can not be pointed out substance alone, they established a limited boundless four-dimensional model of the universe.
Big Bang Theory Model
The expansion
20 years later, due to the cosmic microwave background radiation was confirmed, together with the further development of nuclear physics, the Big Bang model shine, to be recognized by the standard model of the universe.
String theory models of the universe
Gradually developed in the last century, superstring theory, at another point to establish a more esoteric string theory models of the universe, we proposed the concept model of the universe of 11 dimensions.
1, on a closed space model of the universe, we need to understand a closed space.
A closed space from any point of view, do not turn to it, all will return to the same place, the same as rotate about a point.
2, a closed space model of the universe
Closed space universe model rule is half closed space of all symmetric point directional movement at the same rate, the move does not coincide with any two points, and keep symmetry.
Now is the "big bang model of the universe" is called the standard model of the universe. In addition are non-standard cosmological model of the universe model.
Such as: steady state model of the universe, the universe cycle model, film universe, the mirror universe. . . and many more.
A theory, also known as the Big Bang cosmology. Compared with other models of the universe, it could indicate more observational facts. Its main point is that we think the universe had a period from hot to cold in the course of evolution.
Einstein field equations: R_uv-1/2 * R * g_uv = κ * T_uv
(Rμν- (1/2) gμνR = 8GπTμν / (c * c * c * c) -gμν)
Description: g_uv to metric, κ is a coefficient, can be slow to determine the Newtonian theory. "_" After the letter subscript "^" after the letter as superscript.
Meaning: matter energy space - momentum (T_uv) = distribution bends space (R_uv)
Form solution is: ds ^ 2 = Adt ^ 2 + Bdr ^ 2 + Cdθ ^ 2 + Ddφ ^ 2
Wherein A, B, C, D for the metric g_uv components.
Consider the energy - momentum tensor T_uv solution is more complex. The easiest is to make T_uv equal to 0,
2. The field equations contain the cosmological constant term:
R_uv-1/2 * R * g_uv + Λ * g_uv = κ * T_uv
Here Λ is the cosmological constant, which is the physical meaning of the universe vacuum field. Λ * g_uv the cosmological term.
If from
ds ^ 2 = Adt ^ 2 + Bdr ^ 2 + Cdθ ^ 2 + Ddφ ^ 2 [1]
Wherein A, B, C, D for the metric g_uv components.
Here ds is the expression of the degree of bending of space a short distance.
If understood in the physical sense, then, the universe items to the right-hand side, it is:
R_uv-1/2 * R * g_uv = κ * T_uv-Λ * g_uv
In 1929, American astronomer Hubble Hubble's law is proposed from the galaxy redshift galaxies and proportional,
In the expansion of the universe away from each other, he said.
State when the distribution of matter in the universe imbalance, the local structure of matter will continue to expand and contract changes, but the relative balance between the overall structure of the universe will not change.
In 1994, the Carnegie Institute of Friedman et al., With an estimated age of the universe when calculating the rate of expansion of the universe approach, the calculated values obtained the age of 80 to 12 billion a year. However, according to the analysis of stellar spectra, the oldest stars in the universe age of 140 to 160 million years.
Wonderful spiral is the nature of the most common and most basic form of exercise substances. This spiral shape phenomenon for the understanding of the universe has an important role in enlightening, to a large spiral galaxy, small DNA molecules are produced in such a spiral line. Nature does not recognize straight form nature all the basic structure of matter are annular shape of the curve of movement. From atoms and molecules to planets, galaxies until galaxies, superclusters, without exception, no doubt, the vastness of the universe is a big whirlpool. Therefore, the establishment of a "spiral movement patterns of the universe model"
Origin of the universe
About whether the universe and how to initiate the debate throughout the history of the entire record. Basically there are two schools of thought. Many early traditions, as well as Judaism, Christianity and Islam that the universe is fairly recent creation of the past.
Two schools of thought believe that the universe is fundamentally unchanged over time. Because human life - the whole of recorded history is so short, the universe was never significantly changed during this period. In the framework of a stable and unchanging universe, and if it has existed forever or is limited in the long past birth problems.
Wormhole eruption, he said that: in a time and space to open the door of the origin of the universe we now live. In many parallel universe, there is a very ordinary parallel universe, in this universe, the largest mass of a black hole is constantly engulfed other celestial bodies in the universe, its quality is increasing, large enough to destroy all of its gravitational physical form when the energy released completely after the eruption stopped wormhole, time and space the door is closed. And emitted by high-energy particles, after a long evolution, the formation of the universe we are now living; the eruption of the wormhole into a parallel universe that previously an ordinary objects, which is why we can not find the center of the universe the reason.
According to the Big Bang theory, many scientists for decades has consistently supported our universe was born about 140 million years ago. Accordance with the interpretation of this theory, the universe formed in a very small volume and density of great explosive substances 140 million years ago, ejected material particles and energy, it is also since then began after the explosion had time and space mass and energy. Before the big bang happened, neither matter nor energy, of course, no life.
Solar System
The solar system is a system of celestial bodies bound by the gravitational force of the sun's composition, its maximum range can be extended to about 1 light-years away. The main members of the solar system are: solar (star), the eight planets (including Earth), and countless asteroids, many satellite
Astronomers object by analyzing light atomic absorption or release of an object is measured or far away from close to the earth, the light in a unique color or frequency of occurrence. When the object away from the Earth, these frequencies will move on the red spectrum.
Standard Big Bang model shows that the universe erupted from a singularity of infinite density. But I do not know what triggered this outbreak.
Simultaneously.
For most cosmologists, the most reasonable explanation of consistency, in the universe shortly after, some unknown form of energy so that the young universe expanded more than the speed of light. In this model, the universe is a three-dimensional film
Chaos in the celestial explosion, the birth of the Universe, at a certain time or never newborn newborn state, between its internal explosive remnants of interaction, while forming planet has gradually formed galaxies, in which galaxies are in the formation process gradually formed a multi-N Milky Way, the galaxy in which there is a there is a solar system, the solar system has eight planets, one of which is the Earth we humans live now. Earth is not life long ago, when the Earth's relatively far from the sun, in the Ice Age. When getting closer as the planet from the sun, in the solar system most suitable for life in the initiation position, and constitute the material elements of the earth in line with the initiation of life, we received after joining from foreign matter in the universe, the earth began appeared in the primordial seas, pristine ocean began to Earth this hotbed after a long time gave birth to the primitive life, initially the growth of plants, plant evolution to a certain extent, there has been a simple primitive life, primitive life began the evolution of life, which including the gradual evolution of the formation of prehistoric humans. Prehistoric modern humans than many larger head, looks also differ a lot, IQ is not high, can only be regarded as an animal. At that time the Earth has a primitive atmosphere, creating a long evolution of the planet's largest living things -
<Summary of the above, the relevant causes of the Universe, the model - the structure, the initial state of the universe and the universe final outcome, so a variety of cosmological theories and hypotheses, research and forecasting all kinds, have their own achievements, strengths and weaknesses to the decision to choose, locate one, it is difficult. achievements Natural scientific exploration, research is needed to support a variety of research and theory theory, not in the case failed to confirm, then under the broken language, non-judgment, especially cosmology, astronomy and probing depth study would be distant and long process. various theories and doctrines must be analyzed and gain the most valuable scientific certainty. after all, is an advanced human wisdom of primates, in front of the great deep natural universe, it is still very small childish. even then successful scientific discovery, scientific theorem, it is not absolutely perfect, especially humans triumphantly landed on the moon, Mars, Jupiter, etc. after that, there will be more great brilliant discoveries and achievements on Earth - some of the human race on Earth Research will be rewritten or remodeling. this is the correct understanding of their humanity, understand nature, meeting new milestone in the universe. for example, gravity come from, why stars spiral spin structure, the particles are present when the universe was formed it, universe, whether single or multi-dimensional universe whether the same state, different state, the initial state of the God particle of how the state of the big Bang before the universe, the destruction of the universe is matter thoroughly mound did it, human life or other advanced life in the planet and viability of the universe, and so forth. The critical issue is not resolved, other theories and doctrines, it is difficult to justify. Even the greatest scientist is difficult to make their theories impeccable. The final outcome of the universe, or whether the continuation of the collapse, and whether humans can survive the extinction or destruction, the key point is that the universe is still two major problems: 1. The explosion destroyed the universe collapse disposable destruction or periodic repeat? 2. Distribution of the universe with the state, different state of the universe at the beginning and final states, as well as the planet and human synchronous, asynchronous. ? Whole or in part, the evolution of the evolution of this is the essence of the problem, this is the universe - life theory by far the most important issue. Maybe not solve the big problem, it is difficult to achieve a breakthrough progress. Hypothesis no matter how powerful is also inseparable from experimental simulation studies must, otherwise, it will become airborne hug Court. Natural Sciences stressed empirical observation observation verification testing, the loss of these fans will astray. Heliocentric - geocentric debate lasted for hundreds of years, the theory of evolution is carried out hundreds of years of debate, it is proof. Around at 10:00 on June 30th, 1860, the President of the Conference of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, please Wilberforce Bishop stage presentation. He said: "God and the Church is not against science, but can not tolerate blasphemy, insulting human pseudo-science, Mr. Darwin's theory of evolution is the pseudo-science, it is the lack of conclusive scientific proof powerful, entirely hypothetical style, not registered humble hypothesis to support the entire thesis, therefore, religious insight, and the scientific community will not support this absurd theory, "he stressed:." boundaries between human beings and things in the world is clear, a only radish efforts no matter how impossible the evolution of adult "suddenly, Huxley Wilberforce hand pointing to the audience and asks:"! here even Mr. Huxley says he is a descendant of apes, then I would like to ask this gentleman:? ape ancestors that one of your grandfather, your grandmother or that side of it, "Wilberforce rostrum in the midst of applause and laughter, and many people cheered his speech. Next, people set their sights Huxley, at this time, Huxley even smiling sitting next to the President of the Royal Society Brody said softly:. "God has handed him my hand."
Please Henslow announced Huxley took the floor, Huxley said slowly: "If I have to choose my ancestors in the following two: one side is the ape, one side is an influential figure, and this figure but confusion in serious scientific discussions in black and white, sensational, then I will not hesitate to do what I choose simian ancestors!. "revisit the issues, over a hundred years. modern science does not refute the theory of evolution came when criticism sound, visible, for scientific discovery and understanding of the theory has always been controversy throughout human society. for a modern human evolution, scientists made a number of new research and discovery, also made a number of evolutionary hypothesis, but I believe that the theory of evolution is essentially established , though not perfect, is basically in line with the facts, the author has worked on a lot of comparative animal anatomy animal study human anatomy, but also include genes, cells and other biological engineering research experiments, such as the theory of evolution is not established, where and how humans to? provability basis and where is it? intelligent design Tenable? creationism. extraterrestrial theory, scientists have turned into a religionist. "
.
Combining history, teams face reality, we should adhere to the facts speak for scientific spirit, both to rational thinking, but also scientific proof to verify the facts, the truth can only verify in practice and the fact that inside, and not the opposite. Natural History history of the universe yet thus, the history of development of human society, the human history of the world should be even more so. rooted and noted, with facts to prove the practice of human society. simple inference inference prediction is important, but more important still is the fact that more iron, iron the chain of evidence, iron
Scientific tests to verify data and so on. Only the latter have completely invincible overriding powerful destructive force.
For example, human studies of the moon, Mars, Jupiter, various inferences inference Hypothesis academic endless variety of research experiments, also a lot of simulation, although there are quite significant scientific value, but only humans can personally board the Mars moon of Jupiter's moons, after and use scientific and technological means to obtain direct and indirect information data, etc., in order to obtain real results. huge intelligent robot power, but not absolute, and replace all of humanity itself practice and research. Therefore, only humans entirely social practice, in order to create the history of mankind. Should AI and completely separate human beings, that means the total collapse or collapse of the biological human world. Without the human organism, even more full of intelligent robots on Mars, which human society this is pointless and world history is not a simple science ethics, people - serious ethical problem machine or the like, but very naive absurd another example, intelligent robot wars world chess master, and indeed the man-machine war, intelligent robots. indeed extraordinary, Supreme Cou, however, no human presence, the great intelligent robot naturally lost his powerful meaning.
Taking the theme of world history, of course, is the existence of human society is the basis and premise, mainly to discuss the life of the world, taking into account the natural history of the universe's history, the purpose is to combine the two study analysis, it is necessary to prioritize, we can not categorically separated , complement each other bears. Thus, the entire history of the more clear image clearer. Today, many scientists and the world that the future outcome of the universe and human destruction is difficult to avoid and escape. in fact, this need not panicky, first of all, these from the modern human society is still very far away so-called "doomsday" "global explosion", etc., is not groundless, alarmist, is not optimistic; however, as the book, at least in the tens of millions of years later according to new research possible Earth, moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Jupiter's age can still maintain tens of millions of years. momentary or short-term changes will not disappear, so that the survival of mankind can continue tens of hundreds of thousands in millions of years. after thousands of years millions of years, should the survival of mankind, the planet had evolved into people, the Galaxy, Pegasus people, the universe of people. unless the entire universe collapse once and for all destroyed, otherwise, the universe of human offspring entirely possible to continue to continue t
Ordinary Decanter by Sony200boy .....
Ordinary Object. "D" is for Decanter. This is the fourth image in the flickrfriend challenge we call Odd Wednesday, where we will work our selves through the alphabet photographing an object for each letter that we normally would not think of photographing if it weren't for the challenge.
I thought a decanter may not be regarded as 'common' - hence the Dictionary shot. Experimenting again here by placing the decanter on white card and trying different angles and settings. Chose this final shot, taken outside in the sun, with the reflection showing on the white sheet.
© All rights reserved
Quando vi o sofá laranja e a parede verde pela primeira vez, decidi que faria uma foto. Não pude fazer naquele dia. Nem no outro dia que estive lá. Mas não desisti pois sabia que poderia fazer uma foto muito boa para a série Instantâneas. Acabei fazendo a foto e gostei bastante!
Instantâneas
Essas são as minhas "polaroids", instantâneos, recortes rápidos do dia-a-dia... para mim este formato é mais adequado para trabalhos de aspecto gráfico, still, texturas, objetos comuns que raramente paramos para observar... Não há aqui, penso eu, reflexões sociais, crítica, pessoas, elementos que geralmente estão nas minhas fotos, e que prezo muito, mas temos aqui apenas imagens, a fotografia contemplativa, o "miksang", a fotogrtafia com o coração, a busca por um olhar puro.Veja mais fotos dessa série!
O objetivo da fotografia miksang é a busca de um novo olhar nos lugares do nosso dia-a-dia, encontrar o oculto, que os olhos da razão não enxergam, mas os do coração sim!
Snapshots
Those are my "Polaroids", snapshots, clippings quick day-to-day ... For me this square format is more convenient for aspect graphic, for still life, textures, ordinary objects that we rarely stop to watch ... There not here, I think, social reflections, criticism, people, elements that usually are in my pictures, but here only images, photography contemplative, the "miksang", the search for a neat look.
The miksang photography objective is the search for a new look in the day-by-day places!
circa 1995
Howard Finster's Paradise Garden - typical hot, humid day in north Georgia-
Ektachrome - Finster was still alive and would let visitors wander around the expansive yard of his former house at no charge; he would sell his art pieces to those interested. While his mix of folk art and religion did not appeal to everyone, he acquired a following over the years (thanks in part to R.E.M. and Talking Heads using his art for their album covers). Still, Finster’s garden wasn’t what you would find on Georgia tourist brochures at that time. But I was intrigued by this #outsiderart.
I was given handwritten directions to his place. I stopped at a downtown Summerhill store to double check directions. There were no signs to his place. The entrance was a modest house and front porch. Inside Finster’s “garden” was a sprawling yard (likely several backyards) where Howard Finster worked on and displayed his art with spiritual quotes, religious advice and ordinary objects. Some I talked with loved their visit; others thought it was an overground junk yard. In addition to documenting the grounds, I also took a few self-portraits.
Howard Finster held court in the house as I left, evangelizing to the visitors. Some stayed and listened to his words. I didn’t stay as I was drenched in Georgia humidity and had a 2 hour drive home, but I purchased one of his art pieces (which I still have) on my exit. Elizabeth bought a second Finster piece for me for our first Christmas gift exchange in 1998. I visited Paradise Garden a couple more times, but things do change.
Sadly, the innocence of Howard Finster’s garden wouldn’t last as pieces were sold off to museums and collectors. The garden entrance changed and charged admission to tour the place. Perhaps something growing organically might spiral itself into mismanagement. I don’t know. If those moves kept his art and livelihood going that’s fine but it’s an example of something organic which grew by word of mouth, only later to become more regulated.
This is obviously an ordinary object, but here in Australia we don't get bins like this, so this was completely new to me & I wanted to get a shot.
Nikon F4. AF Nikkor 50mm F1.4D lens. ADOX Color Implosion 100 35mm C41 film.
Oil on canvas board; 50.8 x 40 cm.
(b niterói, 1915; d rio de janeiro, 1988). brazilian painter. he entered the escola nacional de belas artes, rio de janeiro, in 1930 and in 1931 was one of the founders of the núcleo bernardelli, whose aim was to build on the initial successes of modernism. after at first being influenced by cézanne he painted cyclists, bathers and children playing, in compositions of carefully linked rectangles, cubes, cylinders, spheres and pyramids (at the swimming-pool , 1942; rio de janeiro, roberto marinho priv. col.). in later works he was briefly influenced by pittura metafisica and surrealism, surrounding ordinary objects with a schematic architecture and mysterious trompe l’oeil mannequins and faces. from 1944 to 1946 he lived in the usa and europe. in the mid-1950s, in constructions such as on a brown background (1955; u. são paulo, mus. a. contemp.) and on a red background (1955; rio de janeiro, mus. manchete), he began to produce austere works close to concrete art. he established his compositions on strict mathematical principles, generally using only two or three colours and precise lines intersected at right angles. in 1963, though retaining the formal economy of his earlier work, he returned to the figure in the series venus, angels and pageantry , treated in a manner at once sensual and ascetic (venus and the bird , 1976; rio de janeiro, gal. acervo).
Grove Art excerpts - Electronic ©2003, Oxford Art Online
This is part of an ongoing project. I thought it would be interesting to look around me and see what could be interpreted as faces in every day ordinary objects. My intention is to make people look twice and to see if they can figure out what these objects are :-) Please let me know if you have any suggestions or guesses! Feel free to check out my sets so you can see the photos as a collective.
My idea for this photo was to try and take an ordinary object and make it look completely different. I wanted to take something of average size and make it look larger than it actually is. When I look at my image I see a large metal structure, almost like a house of mirrors with all the repetitive shapes. This is really a wine rack turned on its side.
René François Ghislain Magritte, 21 November 1898 – 15 August 1967) was a Belgian surrealist artist, who became well known for creating a number of witty and thought-provoking images. Often depicting ordinary objects in an unusual context, his work is known for challenging observers' preconditioned perceptions of reality. His imagery has influenced pop art, minimalist art, and conceptual art.
Magritte's earliest paintings, which date from about 1915, were Impressionistic in style. During 1916–1918, he studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, under Constant Montald, but found the instruction uninspiring. He also took classes at the Académie Royale from the painter and poster designer Gisbert Combaz. The paintings he produced during 1918–1924 were influenced by Futurism and by the figurative Cubism of Metzinger.
From December 1920 until September 1921, Magritte served in the Belgian infantry in the Flemish town of Beverlo near Leopoldsburg. In 1922, Magritte married Georgette Berger, whom he had met as a child in 1913. Also during 1922, the poet Marcel Lecomte showed Magritte a reproduction of Giorgio de Chirico's The Song of Love (painted in 1914). The work brought Magritte to tears; he described this as "one of the most moving moments of my life: my eyes saw thought for the first time." The paintings of the Belgian symbolist painter William Degouve de Nuncques have also been noted as an influence on Magritte, specifically the former's painting The Blind House (1892) and Magritte's variations or series on The Empire of Lights.
In 1922–1923, Magritte worked as a draughtsman in a wallpaper factory, and was a poster and advertisement designer until 1926, when a contract with Galerie Le Centaure in Brussels made it possible for him to paint full-time. In 1926, Magritte produced his first surreal painting, The Lost Jockey (Le jockey perdu), and held his first solo exhibition in Brussels in 1927. Critics heaped abuse on the exhibition.
Depressed by the failure, he moved to Paris where he became friends with André Breton and became involved in the Surrealist group. An illusionistic, dream-like quality is characteristic of Magritte's version of Surrealism. He became a leading member of the movement, and remained in Paris for three years. In 1929 he exhibited at Goemans Gallery in Paris with Salvador Dalí, Jean Arp, de Chirico, Max Ernst, Joan Miró, Picabia, Picasso and Yves Tanguy.
On 15 December 1929 he participated in the last publication of La Revolution Surrealiste No. 12, where he published his essay "Les mots et les images", where words play with images in sync with his work The Treachery of Images.
Galerie Le Centaure closed at the end of 1929, ending Magritte's contract income. Having made little impact in Paris, Magritte returned to Brussels in 1930 and resumed working in advertising.[10] He and his brother, Paul, formed an agency which earned him a living wage. In 1932, Magritte joined the Communist Party, which he would periodically leave and rejoin for several years. In 1936 he had his first solo exhibition in the United States at the Julien Levy Gallery in New York, followed by an exposition at the London Gallery in 1938.
During the early stages of his career, the British surrealist patron Edward James allowed Magritte to stay rent-free in his London home, where Magritte studied architecture and painted. James is featured in two of Magritte's works painted in 1937, Le Principe du Plaisir (The Pleasure Principle) and La Reproduction Interdite, a painting also known as Not to Be Reproduced.
During the German occupation of Belgium in World War II he remained in Brussels, which led to a break with Breton. He briefly adopted a colorful, painterly style in 1943–44, an interlude known as his "Renoir period", as a reaction to his feelings of alienation and abandonment that came with living in German-occupied Belgium.
In 1946, renouncing the violence and pessimism of his earlier work, he joined several other Belgian artists in signing the manifesto Surrealism in Full Sunlight. During 1947–48, Magritte's "Vache period," he painted in a provocative and crude Fauve style. During this time, Magritte supported himself through the production of fake Picassos, Braques, and de Chiricos—a fraudulent repertoire he was later to expand into the printing of forged banknotes during the lean postwar period. This venture was undertaken alongside his brother Paul and fellow Surrealist and "surrogate son" Marcel Mariën, to whom had fallen the task of selling the forgeries. At the end of 1948, Magritte returned to the style and themes of his pre-war surrealistic art.
In France, Magritte's work has been showcased in a number of retrospective exhibitions, most recently at the Centre Georges Pompidou (2016–2017). In the United States his work has been featured in three retrospective exhibitions: at the Museum of Modern Art in 1965, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1992, and again at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2013. An exhibition entitled "The Fifth Season" at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in 2018 focused on the work of his later years.
Politically, Magritte stood to the left, and retained close ties to the Communist Party, even in the post-war years. However, he was critical of the functionalist cultural policy of the Communist left, stating that "Class consciousness is as necessary as bread; but that does not mean that workers must be condemned to bread and water and that wanting chicken and champagne would be harmful. (...) For the Communist painter, the justification of artistic activity is to create pictures that can represent mental luxury." While remaining committed to the political left, he thus advocated a certain autonomy of art. Spiritually, Magritte was an agnostic.
Popular interest in Magritte's work rose considerably in the 1960s, and his imagery has influenced pop, minimalist, and conceptual art. In 2005 he was 9th in the Walloon version of De Grootste Belg (The Greatest Belgian); in the Flemish version he was 18th.
These are ordinary objects. The candy dish and beads were purchased at the Dollar Tree while the candle and candle holder are permanent fixtures in the house. The fabric was given to me by the fashion teacher at my school.
Just a little help from Adobe Photoshop CS5 (mostly matching the paint), and I called it a day.