HISTORY OF STEPWELLS IN GUJARAT

Stepwells are wells in which the water is reached by steps. They are most commonly found in western India especially Gujarat where over 120 such wells are reported. The origin of the stepwell may be traced to reservoirs of the cities of the Indus Valley Civilization such as Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro. The stepwells were constructed in the south western region of Gujarat around 600 AD. From there they spread north to Rajasthan and subsequently to north and west India. Construction activities accelerated during the 10th to 13th century during the Chaulukya and Vaghela periods. The construction of these stepwells hit its peak during the 11th to 16th century. The Muslim rulers of the 13th to 16th century did not disrupt the culture that was practiced in these stepwells and encouraged the building of stepwells. The wells lost their significance in the 19th century due to introduction of water pumps and pipe-systems.

ANCIENT PERIOD

The stepped well may have originated to ensure water during drought periods. The water is considered sacred from the time of Vedas and the steps to reach the water level in artificially construed reservoirs can be found in the sites of Indus Valley Civilization such as Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro.

2ND-10TH CENTURY

The earliest example of a bath-like pond reached by steps is found at the Uperkot caves in Junagadh. These caves have been dated to the 4th century. Navghan Kuvo, a well with circular staircase, in the vicinity, is another example. It was possibly built in the Western Satrap (200-400 AD) or Maitraka (600-700 AD) period though some place it as late as the 11th century. The nearby Adi Kadi ni Vav is constructed either in the second half of the 10th century or 15th century.

The earliest stepwells are found at Dhank in Rajkot district of Gujarat; they are dated to the pre-Chalukyan period. The nearby Bochavdi stepwell near Bochavdi Nes in Alech hills is slightly earlier than two other stepwells in Dhank. These are the Jhilani stepwell dated to 600 AD and the Manjushri stepwell dated to the early 7th century based on their Saurastra style architecture.

10TH-12TH CENTURY

The stepwell as a form of artistic architecture started during the Chaulukya period. The stepwell situated west of kund of Modhera Sun Temple may belong to the 11th century whereas the mandapa above ground is from the 10th century. The Rani ki vav (the Queen's stepwell) of Patan was constructed around 1050 AD. Ankol Mata stepwell at Davad and Mata Bhavani's Stepwell in Ahmedabad belonged to the third quarter of the 11th century.

Several stepwells are ascribed to Minaldevi, the mother of Chaulukya ruler Jayasimha Siddharaja. The lake in Viramgam and a stepwell in Nadiad are ascribed to her. The Minal stepwell in Balej village in Sabarkantha district is ascribed to her and was built in 1095 AD (Samvat 1152). Another Minaldevi Vav in Virpur in Rajkot district is also ascribed to her and has stylistic affinities to Chaulukya architecture. Asapuri stepwell of Ahmedabad and the stepwell of Jhinjhuwada are of the 12th century. The Chaumukhi stepwell of Chobari in Surendranagar district depicts religious figures similar to nearby temples. the two stepwells in Kaleshwari-Ni Nal near Lunawada resemble Rani ki Vav in iconography so they may belong to the end of the 10th century. The stepwell in Dhandhalpur is ascribed to Jayasimha Siddharaja. During the reign of Kumarapala in the 12th century, several stepwells were constructed. The stepwell at Vayad near Patan was built during this time. Ganga stepwell at Wadhwan has been dated to 1169 AD (Samvat 1225).

During the later years of the Chaulukya period, construction slowed down due to political unrest. The Vikia and Jetha stepwells near Navlakha Temple, Ghumli near the Barda hills belonged to the 13th century. The Gyan stepwell near Visavada village in the Barda hills is ascribed to the time of Bhima II. The ruined stepwell of nearby Keshav village is of the same period.

12TH-13TH CENTURY

The Ra Khengar stepwell between Vanthali and Junagadh is stated to be constructed by Tejpal of the Vastupal-Tejpal, the brother-ministers in Vaghela court. It belongs to the early Vaghela period. Visaldev of Vaghela dynasty built the stepwell along with gates and temples at Dabhoi, completed in 1255. The Satmukhi stepwell in Dabhoi is a temple built over a tank with seven wells ascribed to him.

The Madhavav in Wadhwan was built in 1294 AD (Vikram Samvat 1350) by Nagar Brahmin Madha and Keshav, the ministers in court of the last Vaghela ruler Karan Ghelo. The Batris Kotha stepwell in Kapadvanj may have belonged to the 13th century due to its similarity with the Madha and Vikia stepwells.

14TH-15TH CENTURY

A large number of stepwells were constructed in the 14th century. Sodhali stepwell in Mangrol[disambiguation needed] was built in 1319 AD (V. S. 1375) by Vali Sodhala of Modha caste. The stepwell near the Brahma temple of Khedbrahma belonged to the 14th century judged by its style.

The Suda stepwell in Mahuva (1381 AD), Hani stepwell in Dhandhusar (1389/1333 AD) and Siddhnath Mahadev stepwell in Dholka were built during Tughlak rule in Gujarat. The stepwell of Sampa near Ahmedabad was built in 1328 AD. The Rajba stepwell of Rampura near Wadhwan and the Wadhwani stepwell in Khambhat were built in 1483 and 1482 respectively based on the earlier Madha stepwell of Wadhwan. The Dada Harir Stepwell was built in 1499 by the harem lady of Mahmud Begada.

During the Muslim period, the religious aspect of stepwells lost its significance. The stepwell of Sodali village near Mahemdavad and the stepwell in Mahemdavad itself, both of which belonged to the 15th century rule of Mahmud Begada, are its example. The two stepwells found in and around Vadodara are of the 15th century; one is near Sewasi village (V. S. 1537) and the other is the Navalakhi stepwell (1405 AD) of Laxmi Vilas Palace.

The Adalaj Stepwell was constructed by Rudabai in 1499 AD. A nearby stepwell in Chhatral also belongs to the same period.

16TH-18TH CENTURY

The Nagabawa stepwell in Dhrangdhra (1525 AD) and Jiva Mehta stepwell in Morbi are of the same style and period. The stepwell of Roho (1560 AD) was built by Champa, the wife of Raja Shri Nanaji and her daughter. There are also important stepwells in Palanpur and Jhinjhuwada.

Several stepwells are plain in design without any ornamentation which makes it difficult to ascertain their period, but they may belong to the 16th or 17th century. Such stepwells are in Hampur and Idar, as well as the Matri stepwell in Kankavati and Gyaneshwari stepwell in Modhera. The stepwell of Mandva in north Gujarat is similar to that of Mahemdavad so may belong to that period. The Sindhvai Mata stepwell in Patan has an inscription dating to 1633 AD. The Ravli stepwell of Mangrol is of the 17th century. The stepwell in Limboi near Idar has Chaulukya style ornamentation and hs been dated to 1629 AD.

The Amritavarshini Vav in Ahmedabad, completed in 1723, is L-shaped.

19TH-20TH CENTURY

The authorities during the British Raj found the hygiene of the stepwells less than desirable and installed pipe and pump systems to replace their purpose. Jethabhai's Stepwell in Isanpur, Ahmedabad was completed in the 1860s for irrigation. The stepwell of Wankaner palace was built by erstwhile rulers in the 1930s as a cool place of retreat for the royal family. It was built in white sandstone and is the last monument of its kind.

Due to waterpumps and pipe-systems, the stepwells lost their significance and due to economic cost, they were not constructed thereafter.

WIKIPEDIA

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 5 Nos. 1-4, 1911

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1911

Language: eng

Vol. 5, No. 1<br /><br />Preface... ... . ..... . . .. ......... .. ... .... . ... . .. . .... .. . . ..... . .. . . . ..... . v<br />Special articles ............. . ....... . . . .. . ............... . ............1<br />Diphtheria prophylaxis in the Navy. by C. S. Butler. .... . .. .. . ...1<br />Notes on "606," by Raymond Spear.. . .... .. . ... .. .. . ... ..... . ........ . . 4<br />Recent diagnostic methods in otology applicable to the naval service, by<br />G. B. Trible.... . . .. .... ...... . . .......... .. .. . .. 6<br />Bier's method of treatment in acute gonorrheal arthritis, by H.F. Strine. 12<br />Problems of sanitation in landing and expeditionary service in tropical and<br />subtropical regions, translation by P. J. Waldner.. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. 13<br />The mental examination of candidates for enlistment in the Navy and<br />Marine Corps, by Heber Butts.. . ......... . . . .............. . .... . . . .... 29<br />The recent outbreak of cholera in Italy, by C. J. Holeman.. ..... .. . .. . . . 38<br /><br />United States Naval Medical School Laboratories... ... ... .. ... .. .......... . . 41<br />The United States National Museum in its relation to other Government<br />scientific collections, by P. E . Garrison .... . . . .. . .. . ..... . ..... .,..... 41<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, June-August, 1910....... . ... . .... ... . . ........ . .... . 43<br />Recent additions to the pathological collection, United States Naval Medical School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 43<br /><br />Suggested devices............ . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . ..... . . . .. . ... . . . ..... . . . .. . 46<br />A sanitary garbage-can holder, by H. C. Kellers. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 46<br />The blanket splint, by F. X. Koltes..... ..... ... . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br /><br />Clinical notes.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />Reports of four transfusions by the vein-to-vein method with curved glass<br />tubes, by A. M. Fauntleroy.. . . . . . . . .. . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />Bilateral inguino-superficial hernia with bilateral undescended testicle,<br />by H. C. Curl...... . ..... . .. . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />Larvae in the deep urethra and bladder, by H. F. Strine..... ... .. . . .. ... 51<br />An extensive razor wound of throat, by W. G. Farwell. ...... . ....... ..... 62<br />Report of two cases of heat cramps on U. S. S. Charleston, by H. A. May... 53<br />Fatigue and exhaustion in the fireroom, by F. G. Abeken .... ... . ... .. . . 67<br />A case of diabetes mellitus, by J.B. Dennis and A. C. Stanley . ........... 58<br />Sciatica incident to physical test (50-mile walk), by J. A. B. Sinclair..... 58<br />Poisoning resulting from the injection of bismuth paste, by C. B. Camerer... 59<br /><br />Current comment. . . . . . . . . . .  . . . 61<br />The medical library on the U. S. S. Solace... . ..... .. ......... .... . ... .. 61<br />Dioxydiamidoarsenobenzol in the treatment of syphilis. .. . .. . .. . . . . . . ... 61<br />New blank forms and instructions pertaining thereto.. . .. .... . ... . . ..... 63<br />A case of yellow fever reaches Honolulu . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . 65<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences. . ....... ... . .. . . . .. . . . ... . . .. . .... . ... .. ... . .. 67<br />General medicine. . .. .. ... . . .. . .... .. ... .. . .. . . .. . .. ..... .. . .. ........ 67<br />A modern conception of the psychoneuroses; status thymolymphaticus and its relation to sudden death; the Cammidge test in experimental pancreatitis and other conditions; hiccough in course of diaphragmatic pleurisy treated by Laborde's method ; fatigue the cause of enuresis; pellagra, some clinical and other features of the disease; is mercury a specific in pulmonary tuberculosis; a case of an acute febrile and probably infectious disease of unknown origin; further remarks on duodenal alimentation ; pemphigoid eruptions in typhoid<br />fever, A. W. Dunbar and J . L. Neilson . .. . .... . ... . . . .. . ... . . . .. 67<br />Surgery - The special field of neurological surgery, five years later; hypodermic injections in action, suggestions for simplifying their administration; the result of 168 operations for hernia; modern treatment of<br />fractures; report of two cases of revolver shot wound of the brain; haemophilia; the exclusion of the skin in surgery; removal of foreign bodies<br />from the bronchi; some notes on the use of nitrous oxid and oxygen for<br />prolonged anesthesia; the end results of prostatectomy, R. Spear and<br />E. Thompson ... . . . .. .. . .. . .... . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76<br />Hygiene and sanitation - Ventilation of ships, particularly merchant ships;<br />oral prophylaxis; recruiting in the German army; concerning the sources<br />of infection in cases of venereal diseases in the city of New York; the<br />effect of a mosquito net on the air within it, H. G. Beyer and C. N.<br />Fiske. .. . . .. ... . .. . .. . . .. . ... . . . . . .. . .. . . . ... . .... .. ... .... .. .. ..... 87<br />Tropical medicine - The rationale of quinine prophylaxis; a case of sleeping<br />sickness studied by precise enumerative methods; statistical study of<br />uncinariasis among white men in the Philippines, C. S. Butler.. . .. .. . .. 95<br />Pathology and bacteriology - A case of typhoid meningitis; complement fixation in thrombo-angiitie obliterans; personal observations on the Ehrlich-Hata "606;" certain aspects of the bacteriology of bacillary dysentery; a rapid presumptive test for diarrhea caused by the gas bacillus; investigation into the acid-fast bacteria found in the faeces with special reference to their presence in cases of tuberculosis; on the nature of the cellular elements presence in  milk; infection of a still-born infant by an amoebiform protozoan (entamooba mortinatalium), O. J . Mink.. . . ..... . 99<br />Medical zoology  - Ulcerating granuloma of the pudenda a protozoal disease<br />(preliminary communication); report of 15 cases of hymenolepis nana,<br />P. E. Garrison ... .... ... . ... ... .... .. ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. 102<br />Chemistry and pharmacy - Studies in OEdema. VI. The influence of adrenaline on absorption from the peritoneal cavity, with some remarks<br />on the influence of calcium chloride on absorption ; the action of mercury<br />and iodine in experimental syphilis; a protein reaction in the blood of the insane; chemistry of the antigen used in the Wassermann reaction; a lack of oxygen not a cause of death in cases of diminished air pressure; influence of mercury on the results of the serum reaction in antisyphilitic treatment; quantitative determination of albumin in the urine;<br />E.W. Brown and O. G. Ruge ............. . ............ ... ..... 104<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat - The use of carbon dioxide snow in eye work;<br />preliminary communication of a new method for the prevention and treatment<br />of sympathetic ophthalmitis, E. M. Shipp......... .. . .. ... ... .. . 106 <br />Reports and letters .. . . . ...... . .... . .... . ... . . ... . ... .  .. . . . .. . . 109<br />A visit to the Leper Settlement, Molokai, Hawaii, J. D. Gatewood .... ... . 109<br />Report on the meeting of the American Public Health Association, 1910,<br />C. N. Fiske. . ... ......... .. .. . .. . . . ... . . . ...... . . . .... .. . . ..... ... . . . 114<br />Report on the meeting of the American Hospital Association, 1910, A. W.<br />Dunbar.. . .. .. .... . ... . ... .. . .. .. .. . . . .... ... ... ... .. .. .. ... . ....... 117<br />The latest word from Ehrlich........ . .............................. . .. 122<br /><br />Vol. 5, No. 2<br /><br />Preface... ... .. ... .. ........ ... .................. .... ..... .............. vii<br />Special articles.....................125<br />The intravenous administration of "606" in 56 case, by G. B. Trible and<br />H. A. Garrison ...................... 125<br />Ehrlich discusses "606," translation, by Dr. J.C. Bierwirth. . ...... . . . ... 134<br />Satisfactory results with a simplified Wassermann technique (Emery), by<br />E. R. Stitt. ..................... 142<br />Further notes on the preparation of a culture medium from dried blood<br />serum, by E. W. Brown... . . .. .... . . .. . .. .... . . ... ........ .. .. . .... 144<br />Note on the existence of Agchylostoma duodenale in Guam, by W. M. Kerr. .....................145<br />Intestinal parasites found among the crew of the U.S.S. South Dakota, by<br />E.G. Parker. .... . ..... .. . ..... .. . ..... ...... . .... ... . . ... .. ...... . 145<br />Results of an examination of Filipino mess attendants for intestinal parasites,<br />by W. A. Angwin and C. E. Camerer ..................... 147<br />The practical use of carbon dioxide snow as seen at the West London Hospital, by G. D. Hale. .. .... . .. . . . .. ... . . . .......... . .......... . ..... . 148<br />Nomenclature for causes of physical disability in the Navy, by 0. N.<br />Fiske.. . .. . .......................... . .. .. . .... .. . . .. ...... .. .. .. . 149<br /><br />United States Naval Medical School laboratories . . . . . . ..................... 159<br />An atypical typhoid bacillus, by O. J. Mink.. .. . .. ........ .. ........... 159<br />Notes on parasites found at animal autopsies in the Naval Medical School<br />laboratories during 1910, by C. S. Butler and P. E. Garrison.. . .. . ...... 159<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, December, 1910-February, 1911 . .. ... . .  161<br />Additions to the pathological collection, United States Naval Medical<br />School, December, 1910-February, 1911 . .... .162<br /><br />Suggested devices ...... . . . ... ... .. . . . . . . 163<br />An intestine tray for autopsies, by P. E. Garrison. . . .... .... .. .. .. .. .. ... 163<br />A suggested improvement in the method of taking finger prints, by F. H.<br />Brooks . .... .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. ... . .... .. .. .. .. . . .. .... . . .. .. . ..... . .. 164<br /><br />Clinical notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167<br />A case of cholecystectomy, by R. Spear. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 167<br />A case of fracture of the skull, by W. M. Garton. . . ... ... . ... . ........ . .. 168<br />Hypernephroma of right kidney, nephrectomy with recovery, by A. M.<br />Fauntleroy... ... .. ... .. ..... .... . .. . . ..... ..... . .... . ............. . 169<br />A case of general chronic perihepatitis, by E. R. Stitt .. . . . . . .. ...... . ... 171<br />Bacillary dysentery showing extreme toxaemia, by E. R. Stitt........ .. .. 173<br />Report on 10 cases of syphilis treated with "606," by U. R. Webb....... 173<br />A suspected case of gangosa, by O. J. Mink.. . . .. . ...... . .... .. . . . .... .... 178<br />Lamblia intestinalis and ascaris lumbricoides associated with amoebic dysentery by G. B. Trible . . . . . ... ....... . . . . .. . .. .. ... . .... . ........ . . . . . . 178<br />A case of pernicious anemia showing points of resemblance to kala azar,<br />by E. R. Stitt . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180<br />A case of amoebic dysentery with liver abscess by E. R. Stitt. . .. .. ... ... 180<br />A case of intussusception, by E. R. Stitt..... . . .. . . . . . .. ......... .. . .. . . . 181<br />Report of two unusual fracture cases, by J. B. Dennis and A. C. Stanley... 181<br />Associated tuberculosis and syphilis, by O. J. Mink and E. H. H. Old...... 182<br />An undesirable recruit, by Heber Butts............................ . . . . . 183<br />Report of six cases of appendicitis aboard the U.S. S. Tennessee, by M. K.<br />Johnson and W. L. Mann...... ... .......................... .. ........ 190<br /><br />Current comment... .. .................................................... 193<br />Notification of venereal diseases.............. . .......................... 193<br />The use of salvarsan in filarial disease.. ...................... . .......... 194<br />Howard Taylor Ricketts...................................... . ........ 195<br />Typhoid vaccination. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195<br />Further notes on the new blank forms..................................... 196<br />The bacteriology of acute poliomyelitis............. . .... .. .. ...... ..... 197<br />Hospital facilities at Montevideo.... .... . .............................. 197<br />A correction. . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197<br />A course of instructive lectures . ......................................... 197<br />Physical culture......... ... . . ........... .. .......................... . . 198<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences...... . ................. . ..... . ............. . .. 199<br />General medicine - Haemoglobinuric fever on the Canal Zone; malingering; on the presence of a venous hum in the epigastrium in cirrhosis of the liver; the use of the X-ray in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis; mercury succinimid in the treatment of tuberculosis; high blood pressure in arteriosclerosis; the treatment and prognosis of exophthalmic goitre; some clinical methods of diagnosis of the functional activity of the heart; further notes on the treatment of paralysis agitans with parathyroid gland; on fever caused by the bite of the sand fly (Phlebotomus papatasii); Myzomyia roasii as a malaria carrier; a modified Caldwell kitchen incinerator for field use, by A. W. Dunbar and J. L. Xeilson....... 199<br />Surgery - The cause of death from shock by commercial electric currents<br />and the treatment of same; the best method of exposing the interior of the bladder in suprapubic operations; "606 "; a consideration of surgical methods of treating hyperthyroidism; genito-urinary diseases; radium therapy; the intravenous use of cocaine, report of a case; diseases of the stomach and duodenum from a surgical standpoint; dry iodine catgut; disinfection of the skin by tincture of iodine; the Roentgen-ray examination of the esophagus; solitary perforation of the ileum associated with strangulated and obstructed hernia; the time and method for prostatectomy; a practical mechanical method of end-to-end anastomosis of blood vessels; by R. Spear and E. \V . Thompson................... 213<br />Hygiene and sanitation - Sterilization of water on a large scale by means<br />of ultra-violet rays; nota sulla carne refrigerata e sui refrigeranti dei piroscafi; the American game of football, is it a factor for good or for evil? the hygiene of the simming pool ; "cordite eating"; the process of disinfection by chemical agencies and hot water; eggs, a study of eggs offered for sale as pure food; by H. G. Beyer and C. N. Fiske. ..... .. 226<br />Tropical medicine - Upon a new pathognomonic sign of malaria; a simple<br />method for the treatment of cholera; traitement de la trypanosomiase<br />humaine, by C. S. Butler. . .... .. ....... ... .. ...... . . . . ..... .. . ....... 237<br />Pathology and bacteriology -  A method for the bacteriological standardization of disinfectants; microorganism found in the blood of acute cases of poliomyelitis; experimental rssearches upon typhus exanthematicus<br />done at the Pasteur Institute of Tunis during the year l910; bacteriology of human bile with especial reference to the typhoid carrier problem; the control of typhoid in the army by vaccination; experiments on transmission of bacteria by flies with special relation to an epidemic of bacillary dysentery at the Worcester State Hospital, Massachusetts, 1910; experiences in the use of vaccines in chronic suppuration of the nasal access0ry sinuses; histological study of skin lesions of pellagra; a resume of the evidence concerning the diagnostic and clinical value of the Wassermann reaction; experimentelle Beitrage zum Studium des Mechanismus der Immunkorper und Komplementwirkung; by O. J . Mink.............. 240<br />Chemistry and pharmacy.-The preparation of thyroid extract for therapeutic<br />purposes; the action of urinary antiseptics; wird eingenommenes<br />Chinin mit der Muttermilch ausgeschieden? Uebergang von Arzenmitteln<br />in die Milch; the quantitative estimation of albumin in the urine, by Tsuchiya's procss; the quantitative determination of albumin according to Tsuchiya; on the stability of the solutions prepared for Bang's method of estimating sugar in the urine, by E. M. Brown and O. G. Ruge.. . .......... 251<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat - Tests for color-vision ; a note on the use of scarlet red in corneal diseases; report on progress in otology; ear disease and its prevention; the prevalence of middle ear disease in the [British] army, with a suggestion for a remedy; peritonsillar abscess; by E. M. Shipp. . ........ . . 266<br /><br />Reports and letters ............ 267<br />The surgical aspect of the engagement of La Ceiba, Honduras, by L. W.<br />Bishop and W. L. Irvine.......... . ......... . .. . ... . ....... . . . ...... 267<br />Extract from sanitary report of U.S.S. New Orleans, for the year 1901, by<br />W. F. Arnold... .. .. .. ....... ... . . . ... . . ... ..... . . ... . . . .. .. . . ....... 269<br /><br />Vol. 5, No. 3<br /><br />Preface...... ........... ................... .... ...... .... .. .... ...... .. ... v<br />Special articles: ·<br />Tropical diseases in their relation to the eye, by E. M. Shipp.... .... . . . . 271<br />Intravenous administration of salvarsan, by G. B. Trible and H. A.<br />Garrison. ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285<br />The mental examination of 50 recruits who became insane soon after enlistment, by Heber Butts........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295<br />Diagnosis and treatment of hernia in the Navy, by B. F. Jenness.... .. ... 313<br /><br />United States Medical School laboratories:<br />Davainea madagascariensis in the Philippine Islands, by P. E. Garrison. . 321<br />The interpretation of negative and weakly positive reactions in Noguchi's<br />complement fixation test, by M. E. Higgins... . .. . . . ....... . ......... 327<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, March-May, 1911........ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 328<br />Specimens added to the pathological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, March-May, 1911. . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328<br /><br />Suggested devices:<br />An improvised X-ray apparatus, by H. A. Harris. . . . ..... . .. .. . .. . . . . . . 331<br />Fracture of mandible with improved method of adjustment, by W. A.<br />Angwin .. . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332<br /><br />Clinical notes:<br />Gunshot wound of elbow, by Raymond Spear..... .. .. . .... . . . ... . . . ... . 335<br />Clinical symptoms appearing immediately after antityphoid inoculation,<br />by J. R. Phelps and G. F. Clark. . .. .... . .. ..... . . ... . . ... .. . .. . . . . . .. 336<br />Posterior gastro-enteroetomy three years after anterior gastro-enteroetomy,<br />by A. M. Fauntleroy... . .. ... .. ... . . ... . .. . . .. ... ... ... .. ..... . .. . . . 338<br />Pontine hemorrhage resulting from a blow in boxing, by H. C. Curl.. . . . . 340<br />Fracture of the zygoma, by R. B. Williams... ... .. . . ............ ....... 341<br />Death from unruptured thoracic aneurism, by E. P. Huff... . . .... . .. ... 342<br />A plastic pernicious anemia associated with agchyloetomiaeis, by E. R. Stitt. 345<br />Balantidium coli infection associated with amoebic dysentery, by G. B.<br />Trible..... . ..... ... . ... . . . ... . . . ....... . ........ . ..... .. . 346<br />Return of syphilitic symptoms after administration of salvarsan, by C. F.<br />Sterne. . ....... . .. . . . . .. . . ... . ..... . .... . ........ . .... . . . . .... . ... . . . 348<br />A case of syphilis which poeeibly demonstrates the efficacy of prophylaxis<br />against venereal diseases, by E. H. H. Old ... . . . . .. ..... 349<br />Cerebral syphilis in a native of Guam, by W. M. Kerr.. ... . . ... ... ..... 350<br />A case of autoserotherapy, by E. O. J. Eytinge and L. W. McGuire. ...... 351<br />Haemoglobinuric fever, by D. G. Sutton. . . . ...... . .. . .. .. . .... .. . .... .. 352<br />Shock caused by lightning stroke, by W. S. Hoen .... . .. . . ............ . . 353<br />An unusual cause of burn, by F. M. Munson.......... .. . . .. . ..... . .. .. 354<br />Traumatic extrusion of testicle, by J . A. B. Sinclair. . . .. . . . . ....... . ... 355<br /><br />Current comment: <br />Criticisms and suggestions relative to the health records . .. .. . . . · 357<br />Distinguished honors conferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358<br />The closing exercises of the Naval Medical School... . ...... . .... . ... . . . 358<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences:<br />General medicine - Plague in Manchuria and its lessons; the treatment of<br />arthritis deformans; hereditary haemophilia, deficiency in the coagulability<br />of the blood the only immediate cause of the condition; discussion of acidosis, by A. W. Dunbar and J . L. Neilson .. ........ .. ... .. . . .... 361<br />Surgery - Laceration of the axillary portion of the shoulder joint as a factor in the etiology of traumatic combined paralysis of the upper extremity; tuberculosis of the kidney and ureter; injuries to the kidneys with end results; fracture of the patella; acute emergencies of abdominal disease; intestinal obstruction due to kinks and adhesions of the terminal ileum; the functions of the great omentum; treatment of peritonitis consecutive to appendicitis; treatment of ascites by drainage into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen; special dangers associated with operations on the biliary passages and their avoidance; a simple method for the relief of certain forms of odynphagia; by Raymond Spear and Edgar Thompson....... ...... . . ... . ... ... ... .. 365<br />Hygiene and sanitation - Food requirements for sustenance and work; carbo-gasoline method for the disinfection of books; typhoid fever and mussel pollution; the duty of the community toward ita consumptives; some aspects of tropical sanitation; table jellies; the significance of the bacillus carrier in the spread of Asiatic cholera; the value of vaccination and revaccination; prophylaxie de la syphilis; the value of terminal disinfection; a method for determining the germicidal value and penetrating power of liquid disinfectants; by H. G. Beyer and C. N. Fiske........... 377<br />Tropical medicine - Further researches on the hyphomycetes of tinea imbricata; the action of'' 606" in sleeping sickness; the action of salvarsan in malaria; the application of "606" to the treatment of kala-azar; the specific treatment of leprosy; the role of the infective granule in certain protozoa! infections as illustrated by the spirochaetosis of Sudanese fowls, preliminary note; by C. S. Butler. . .... . . . ..... . .. .. .. . . . . ... . ... .... 389<br />Pathology and bacteriology - Ehrlich's biochemical theory and its conception<br />and application; researches on experimental typhoid fever; a record of 90 diphtheria carriers; the serum diagnosis of syphilis; by M. E. Higgins. . . . 392<br />Medical zoology - Note on the presence of a lateral spine in the eggs of<br />Schistosoma japonicum; onchocerciasis in cattle with special reference<br />to the structure and bionomic characters of the parasite; by P. E.<br />Garrison .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397<br />Chemistry and pharmacy - The preparation of a convenient and stable litmus solution; a method to demonstrate and estimate the digestive fermenta in the feces; a simple method for the estimation of ammonia in the urine of diabetics for the recognition of acidosis; new process for sterilizing water by potassium permanganate; the colorimetric estimation of dextrose in urine; a new method for the estimation of sugar in the urine; by E.W. Brown and O. G. Ruge . .. . .. ... . . . ..... ... . . 398<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat - Examination of the nose and throat in relation<br />to general diagnosis, results in asthma; the nonsurgical treatment of<br />cataract; by E. M. Shipp..... . . . .. . .. .. .. . .... .. ... . 400<br /><br />Reports and letters:<br />Plague conditions in North China, by W. D. Owens.......... .. .. ... ... 405<br /><br />Vol. 5, No. 4<br /><br />Preface ... .. . . . ............... . ...... ... ........................ .. ........ v<br /><br />Special articles:<br />The tenth convention of the second Hague conference of 1907, and its <br />relation to the evacuation of the wounded in naval warfare, by F. L.<br />Pleadwell (first paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  409<br />Is gangoea a form of syphilis? by H. E. Odell....... .. ... . ............. 430<br />Salvarsan as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent in syphilis, by C. M.<br />George.... .. ............ ...... . . .. .... . . . .... . .. . 485<br />Flat foot and its relation to the Navy, by R. G. Heiner.. . ............... 451<br />Notes on submarine cruising, by I. F. Cohn............................ 455<br />Important features in the technique of carbon dioxide estimations in air,<br />by E. W. Brown... . ................. . .. . . . ... . ...... . ...... . ..... . . 457<br />The use of salvarsan on board the U.S.S. Michigan, by J . J. Snyder and<br />A. L. Clifton............. . . .. . . .............. . .................... . .. 459<br />Notes on vaccination, by A. B. Clifford... .. ........................... 461<br />The preparation of patient.e for operation at the United States Naval Hospital,<br />Norfolk, Va., by W. M. Garton.. . ..... .... .. .. ... . . . ...... ..... 462<br /><br />United States Naval Medical School laboratories:<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, June-Aug., 1911 ........ . ... .......... . .. . .. 465<br />Specimens added to the pathological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, June-Aug., 1911.................... . .... . .. .. . ... . .. 465<br /><br />Suggested devices:<br />An apparatus for hoisting patients aboard the hospital ship Solace, by<br />E. M. Blackwell... . ............ . . . ................................ . . 467<br />An inexpensive and satisfactory ethyl chloride inhaler for general<br />anaesthesia, by J. H. Barton .. . . ... .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .... ...... 469<br /><br />Clinical notes:<br />Old "irreducible" dislocation of head of humerus, by H. C. Curl. . . . ... . 471<br />A case of brain tumor, by R. E. Hoyt.. .. .... .... . ...... . . .... . .. ........ 472<br />A case of brain abscess, by J. R. Phelps and G. F. Clark.. .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . 474<br />Report of two cases of cerebrospinal fever, by R. A. Bachmann.. . . . .... 477<br />A case of leprosy on board the U.S.S. Villalobos, by D. H. Noble....... 479<br />A case resembling gangosa, in which a treponema was found, by P. S.<br />Rossiter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481<br />A case extensively burned, by N. T. McLean.. ... .... .. . . .. . .. ... ... . . . 481<br />Acute pemphigus following vaccination, by R. Hayden.... ... . .... ..... . . 482<br />Two interesting cases on the U.S.S. Prairie, by C. C. Grieve . .. . . . .... . . 486<br />An atypical case of typhoid fever, by L. W. Johnson... . ... . .. . .... . .. . .. 488<br />Tolerance of the peritoneum rarely seen, by P. R. Stalnaker and G. W.<br />Shepard. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489<br />Note on tincture of iodine, by R. Spear...... . . . . . ... . ... .... . .. . .. ..... 490<br />Notes on salvarsan, by R. Spear..... . ...... . .............. . ..... . . ..... 491<br /><br /><br />Current comment :<br />Instructions relative to medical returns ... ....... . ..... . ............... .493<br />Clinical cards .. ........... ... . . .. .. ... . .... . . . . . .. . ... . .. . ......... . . .494<br />Measles in Samoa . ................ .. . ... . . . . ... . ....................... .495<br />The conservation of the public health ........ . .................... .496<br />Closure of the naval stations at San Juan and Culebra ....... .. .. . . . ..... 498<br />New pavilion for the practice of thoracic surgery ........ . ..... ...... 498<br />The Bellevue Hospital nomenclature of diseases and conditions, 1911 .... .498<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences:<br />General medicine - Pathological and experimental data derived from a<br />further study of an acute infectious disease of unknown origin; the mode<br />of transmission of leprosy; genesis of incipient tuberculisus; a method<br />for determining the absolute pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid; the after<br />history of cases of albuminuria occurring in adolescence; the stereoscopic<br />X-ray examination of the chest with special reference to the diagnosis of<br />pulmonary tuberculosis; the use of antiformin in the examination for the<br />tubercle bacillus; by A. W. Dunbar and J. L. Neilson ............. . . . 501<br />Surgery - The control of bleeding in operations for brain tumors; intravenous<br />anesthesia from hedonal; the difficulties and limitations of diagnosis in advanced cases of renal tuberculosis; the treatment of X-ray ulcer; nephroureterectomy; by Raymond Spear and Edgar Thompson .. 511<br />Hygiene and Sanitation - A simple method of purifying almost any infected<br />water for drinking purposes; the physiology of the march; wall paper and illumination; vaccination et serotherapie anticholeriques; upon the<br />inoculation of materia morbi through the human skin by fleabites; garbage receptacles; the relative influence of the heat and chemical impurity of close air; method for measuring the degree of vitiation of the air of inclosed spaces; by H. G. Beyer and  C.N. Fiske . .. . .. ..... . 518<br />Tropical medicine - The diagnosis of pellagra; researches upon acarids <br />among lepers; action of "606" upon malaria; by C. S. Butler ......... . 523<br />Pathology and bacteriology - An outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by<br />B. paratyphosus; infection of rabbits with the virus of poliomyelitis; the<br />mechanism of the formation of metastases in malignant tumors; a method<br />for the pure cultivation of pathogenic treponema pallidum; by Y. E .<br />Higgins .. .... .. .. . ..................... .. ..... . ............. . ...... . 528<br />Medical zoology - On Kwan's fluke and the presence of spines in<br />fasciolopsis; endemic Mediterranean fever (Malta fever) in southwest<br />Tcxas; by P. E. Garrison . ..... . .......... .. . . .... . .... . ........... . . . 532<br />Chemistry and pharmacy - Detection of blood by means of leuco-malachitegreen; an improved form of Heller's ring test for detection of albumin in the urine; an important reagent for Fehling's method for sugar estimation; method for the estimation of urotropin in the urine; detection of amylolytic ferments in the feces; new technique for the estimation of total nitrogen, ammonia, and urea in the urine; chemotherapy and "606" by E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge ............... 533<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat  - Defective vision and its bearing on the question<br />of fitness for service; "606 ' ' and eye diseases; by E. M. Shipp ... .. .. .538<br /><br />Reports and letters:<br />American Medical Association meeting, by C. P. Bfagg .. .. .... . .....550<br />Sanitary report on Kiukiang, Kiangse Province, China, by D. H. Noble ...550<br />Index to volume V ...............559<br />Subject index .......... . ........ . ....................... 559<br />Author's index . . . ........ . ..... . ......... . ......... .  570<br /><br /><br />

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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 5 Nos. 1-4, 1911

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

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Date: 1911

Language: eng

Vol. 5, No. 1<br /><br />Preface... ... . ..... . . .. ......... .. ... .... . ... . .. . .... .. . . ..... . .. . . . ..... . v<br />Special articles ............. . ....... . . . .. . ............... . ............1<br />Diphtheria prophylaxis in the Navy. by C. S. Butler. .... . .. .. . ...1<br />Notes on "606," by Raymond Spear.. . .... .. . ... .. .. . ... ..... . ........ . . 4<br />Recent diagnostic methods in otology applicable to the naval service, by<br />G. B. Trible.... . . .. .... ...... . . .......... .. .. . .. 6<br />Bier's method of treatment in acute gonorrheal arthritis, by H.F. Strine. 12<br />Problems of sanitation in landing and expeditionary service in tropical and<br />subtropical regions, translation by P. J. Waldner.. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. 13<br />The mental examination of candidates for enlistment in the Navy and<br />Marine Corps, by Heber Butts.. . ......... . . . .............. . .... . . . .... 29<br />The recent outbreak of cholera in Italy, by C. J. Holeman.. ..... .. . .. . . . 38<br /><br />United States Naval Medical School Laboratories... ... ... .. ... .. .......... . . 41<br />The United States National Museum in its relation to other Government<br />scientific collections, by P. E . Garrison .... . . . .. . .. . ..... . ..... .,..... 41<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, June-August, 1910....... . ... . .... ... . . ........ . .... . 43<br />Recent additions to the pathological collection, United States Naval Medical School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 43<br /><br />Suggested devices............ . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . ..... . . . .. . ... . . . ..... . . . .. . 46<br />A sanitary garbage-can holder, by H. C. Kellers. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 46<br />The blanket splint, by F. X. Koltes..... ..... ... . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br /><br />Clinical notes.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />Reports of four transfusions by the vein-to-vein method with curved glass<br />tubes, by A. M. Fauntleroy.. . . . . . . . .. . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />Bilateral inguino-superficial hernia with bilateral undescended testicle,<br />by H. C. Curl...... . ..... . .. . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />Larvae in the deep urethra and bladder, by H. F. Strine..... ... .. . . .. ... 51<br />An extensive razor wound of throat, by W. G. Farwell. ...... . ....... ..... 62<br />Report of two cases of heat cramps on U. S. S. Charleston, by H. A. May... 53<br />Fatigue and exhaustion in the fireroom, by F. G. Abeken .... ... . ... .. . . 67<br />A case of diabetes mellitus, by J.B. Dennis and A. C. Stanley . ........... 58<br />Sciatica incident to physical test (50-mile walk), by J. A. B. Sinclair..... 58<br />Poisoning resulting from the injection of bismuth paste, by C. B. Camerer... 59<br /><br />Current comment. . . . . . . . . . .  . . . 61<br />The medical library on the U. S. S. Solace... . ..... .. ......... .... . ... .. 61<br />Dioxydiamidoarsenobenzol in the treatment of syphilis. .. . .. . .. . . . . . . ... 61<br />New blank forms and instructions pertaining thereto.. . .. .... . ... . . ..... 63<br />A case of yellow fever reaches Honolulu . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . 65<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences. . ....... ... . .. . . . .. . . . ... . . .. . .... . ... .. ... . .. 67<br />General medicine. . .. .. ... . . .. . .... .. ... .. . .. . . .. . .. ..... .. . .. ........ 67<br />A modern conception of the psychoneuroses; status thymolymphaticus and its relation to sudden death; the Cammidge test in experimental pancreatitis and other conditions; hiccough in course of diaphragmatic pleurisy treated by Laborde's method ; fatigue the cause of enuresis; pellagra, some clinical and other features of the disease; is mercury a specific in pulmonary tuberculosis; a case of an acute febrile and probably infectious disease of unknown origin; further remarks on duodenal alimentation ; pemphigoid eruptions in typhoid<br />fever, A. W. Dunbar and J . L. Neilson . .. . .... . ... . . . .. . ... . . . .. 67<br />Surgery - The special field of neurological surgery, five years later; hypodermic injections in action, suggestions for simplifying their administration; the result of 168 operations for hernia; modern treatment of<br />fractures; report of two cases of revolver shot wound of the brain; haemophilia; the exclusion of the skin in surgery; removal of foreign bodies<br />from the bronchi; some notes on the use of nitrous oxid and oxygen for<br />prolonged anesthesia; the end results of prostatectomy, R. Spear and<br />E. Thompson ... . . . .. .. . .. . .... . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76<br />Hygiene and sanitation - Ventilation of ships, particularly merchant ships;<br />oral prophylaxis; recruiting in the German army; concerning the sources<br />of infection in cases of venereal diseases in the city of New York; the<br />effect of a mosquito net on the air within it, H. G. Beyer and C. N.<br />Fiske. .. . . .. ... . .. . .. . . .. . ... . . . . . .. . .. . . . ... . .... .. ... .... .. .. ..... 87<br />Tropical medicine - The rationale of quinine prophylaxis; a case of sleeping<br />sickness studied by precise enumerative methods; statistical study of<br />uncinariasis among white men in the Philippines, C. S. Butler.. . .. .. . .. 95<br />Pathology and bacteriology - A case of typhoid meningitis; complement fixation in thrombo-angiitie obliterans; personal observations on the Ehrlich-Hata "606;" certain aspects of the bacteriology of bacillary dysentery; a rapid presumptive test for diarrhea caused by the gas bacillus; investigation into the acid-fast bacteria found in the faeces with special reference to their presence in cases of tuberculosis; on the nature of the cellular elements presence in  milk; infection of a still-born infant by an amoebiform protozoan (entamooba mortinatalium), O. J . Mink.. . . ..... . 99<br />Medical zoology  - Ulcerating granuloma of the pudenda a protozoal disease<br />(preliminary communication); report of 15 cases of hymenolepis nana,<br />P. E. Garrison ... .... ... . ... ... .... .. ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. 102<br />Chemistry and pharmacy - Studies in OEdema. VI. The influence of adrenaline on absorption from the peritoneal cavity, with some remarks<br />on the influence of calcium chloride on absorption ; the action of mercury<br />and iodine in experimental syphilis; a protein reaction in the blood of the insane; chemistry of the antigen used in the Wassermann reaction; a lack of oxygen not a cause of death in cases of diminished air pressure; influence of mercury on the results of the serum reaction in antisyphilitic treatment; quantitative determination of albumin in the urine;<br />E.W. Brown and O. G. Ruge ............. . ............ ... ..... 104<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat - The use of carbon dioxide snow in eye work;<br />preliminary communication of a new method for the prevention and treatment<br />of sympathetic ophthalmitis, E. M. Shipp......... .. . .. ... ... .. . 106 <br />Reports and letters .. . . . ...... . .... . .... . ... . . ... . ... .  .. . . . .. . . 109<br />A visit to the Leper Settlement, Molokai, Hawaii, J. D. Gatewood .... ... . 109<br />Report on the meeting of the American Public Health Association, 1910,<br />C. N. Fiske. . ... ......... .. .. . .. . . . ... . . . ...... . . . .... .. . . ..... ... . . . 114<br />Report on the meeting of the American Hospital Association, 1910, A. W.<br />Dunbar.. . .. .. .... . ... . ... .. . .. .. .. . . . .... ... ... ... .. .. .. ... . ....... 117<br />The latest word from Ehrlich........ . .............................. . .. 122<br /><br />Vol. 5, No. 2<br /><br />Preface... ... .. ... .. ........ ... .................. .... ..... .............. vii<br />Special articles.....................125<br />The intravenous administration of "606" in 56 case, by G. B. Trible and<br />H. A. Garrison ...................... 125<br />Ehrlich discusses "606," translation, by Dr. J.C. Bierwirth. . ...... . . . ... 134<br />Satisfactory results with a simplified Wassermann technique (Emery), by<br />E. R. Stitt. ..................... 142<br />Further notes on the preparation of a culture medium from dried blood<br />serum, by E. W. Brown... . . .. .... . . .. . .. .... . . ... ........ .. .. . .... 144<br />Note on the existence of Agchylostoma duodenale in Guam, by W. M. Kerr. .....................145<br />Intestinal parasites found among the crew of the U.S.S. South Dakota, by<br />E.G. Parker. .... . ..... .. . ..... .. . ..... ...... . .... ... . . ... .. ...... . 145<br />Results of an examination of Filipino mess attendants for intestinal parasites,<br />by W. A. Angwin and C. E. Camerer ..................... 147<br />The practical use of carbon dioxide snow as seen at the West London Hospital, by G. D. Hale. .. .... . .. . . . .. ... . . . .......... . .......... . ..... . 148<br />Nomenclature for causes of physical disability in the Navy, by 0. N.<br />Fiske.. . .. . .......................... . .. .. . .... .. . . .. ...... .. .. .. . 149<br /><br />United States Naval Medical School laboratories . . . . . . ..................... 159<br />An atypical typhoid bacillus, by O. J. Mink.. .. . .. ........ .. ........... 159<br />Notes on parasites found at animal autopsies in the Naval Medical School<br />laboratories during 1910, by C. S. Butler and P. E. Garrison.. . .. . ...... 159<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, December, 1910-February, 1911 . .. ... . .  161<br />Additions to the pathological collection, United States Naval Medical<br />School, December, 1910-February, 1911 . .... .162<br /><br />Suggested devices ...... . . . ... ... .. . . . . . . 163<br />An intestine tray for autopsies, by P. E. Garrison. . . .... .... .. .. .. .. .. ... 163<br />A suggested improvement in the method of taking finger prints, by F. H.<br />Brooks . .... .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. ... . .... .. .. .. .. . . .. .... . . .. .. . ..... . .. 164<br /><br />Clinical notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167<br />A case of cholecystectomy, by R. Spear. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 167<br />A case of fracture of the skull, by W. M. Garton. . . ... ... . ... . ........ . .. 168<br />Hypernephroma of right kidney, nephrectomy with recovery, by A. M.<br />Fauntleroy... ... .. ... .. ..... .... . .. . . ..... ..... . .... . ............. . 169<br />A case of general chronic perihepatitis, by E. R. Stitt .. . . . . . .. ...... . ... 171<br />Bacillary dysentery showing extreme toxaemia, by E. R. Stitt........ .. .. 173<br />Report on 10 cases of syphilis treated with "606," by U. R. Webb....... 173<br />A suspected case of gangosa, by O. J. Mink.. . . .. . ...... . .... .. . . . .... .... 178<br />Lamblia intestinalis and ascaris lumbricoides associated with amoebic dysentery by G. B. Trible . . . . . ... ....... . . . . .. . .. .. ... . .... . ........ . . . . . . 178<br />A case of pernicious anemia showing points of resemblance to kala azar,<br />by E. R. Stitt . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180<br />A case of amoebic dysentery with liver abscess by E. R. Stitt. . .. .. ... ... 180<br />A case of intussusception, by E. R. Stitt..... . . .. . . . . . .. ......... .. . .. . . . 181<br />Report of two unusual fracture cases, by J. B. Dennis and A. C. Stanley... 181<br />Associated tuberculosis and syphilis, by O. J. Mink and E. H. H. Old...... 182<br />An undesirable recruit, by Heber Butts............................ . . . . . 183<br />Report of six cases of appendicitis aboard the U.S. S. Tennessee, by M. K.<br />Johnson and W. L. Mann...... ... .......................... .. ........ 190<br /><br />Current comment... .. .................................................... 193<br />Notification of venereal diseases.............. . .......................... 193<br />The use of salvarsan in filarial disease.. ...................... . .......... 194<br />Howard Taylor Ricketts...................................... . ........ 195<br />Typhoid vaccination. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195<br />Further notes on the new blank forms..................................... 196<br />The bacteriology of acute poliomyelitis............. . .... .. .. ...... ..... 197<br />Hospital facilities at Montevideo.... .... . .............................. 197<br />A correction. . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197<br />A course of instructive lectures . ......................................... 197<br />Physical culture......... ... . . ........... .. .......................... . . 198<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences...... . ................. . ..... . ............. . .. 199<br />General medicine - Haemoglobinuric fever on the Canal Zone; malingering; on the presence of a venous hum in the epigastrium in cirrhosis of the liver; the use of the X-ray in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis; mercury succinimid in the treatment of tuberculosis; high blood pressure in arteriosclerosis; the treatment and prognosis of exophthalmic goitre; some clinical methods of diagnosis of the functional activity of the heart; further notes on the treatment of paralysis agitans with parathyroid gland; on fever caused by the bite of the sand fly (Phlebotomus papatasii); Myzomyia roasii as a malaria carrier; a modified Caldwell kitchen incinerator for field use, by A. W. Dunbar and J. L. Xeilson....... 199<br />Surgery - The cause of death from shock by commercial electric currents<br />and the treatment of same; the best method of exposing the interior of the bladder in suprapubic operations; "606 "; a consideration of surgical methods of treating hyperthyroidism; genito-urinary diseases; radium therapy; the intravenous use of cocaine, report of a case; diseases of the stomach and duodenum from a surgical standpoint; dry iodine catgut; disinfection of the skin by tincture of iodine; the Roentgen-ray examination of the esophagus; solitary perforation of the ileum associated with strangulated and obstructed hernia; the time and method for prostatectomy; a practical mechanical method of end-to-end anastomosis of blood vessels; by R. Spear and E. \V . Thompson................... 213<br />Hygiene and sanitation - Sterilization of water on a large scale by means<br />of ultra-violet rays; nota sulla carne refrigerata e sui refrigeranti dei piroscafi; the American game of football, is it a factor for good or for evil? the hygiene of the simming pool ; "cordite eating"; the process of disinfection by chemical agencies and hot water; eggs, a study of eggs offered for sale as pure food; by H. G. Beyer and C. N. Fiske. ..... .. 226<br />Tropical medicine - Upon a new pathognomonic sign of malaria; a simple<br />method for the treatment of cholera; traitement de la trypanosomiase<br />humaine, by C. S. Butler. . .... .. ....... ... .. ...... . . . . ..... .. . ....... 237<br />Pathology and bacteriology -  A method for the bacteriological standardization of disinfectants; microorganism found in the blood of acute cases of poliomyelitis; experimental rssearches upon typhus exanthematicus<br />done at the Pasteur Institute of Tunis during the year l910; bacteriology of human bile with especial reference to the typhoid carrier problem; the control of typhoid in the army by vaccination; experiments on transmission of bacteria by flies with special relation to an epidemic of bacillary dysentery at the Worcester State Hospital, Massachusetts, 1910; experiences in the use of vaccines in chronic suppuration of the nasal access0ry sinuses; histological study of skin lesions of pellagra; a resume of the evidence concerning the diagnostic and clinical value of the Wassermann reaction; experimentelle Beitrage zum Studium des Mechanismus der Immunkorper und Komplementwirkung; by O. J . Mink.............. 240<br />Chemistry and pharmacy.-The preparation of thyroid extract for therapeutic<br />purposes; the action of urinary antiseptics; wird eingenommenes<br />Chinin mit der Muttermilch ausgeschieden? Uebergang von Arzenmitteln<br />in die Milch; the quantitative estimation of albumin in the urine, by Tsuchiya's procss; the quantitative determination of albumin according to Tsuchiya; on the stability of the solutions prepared for Bang's method of estimating sugar in the urine, by E. M. Brown and O. G. Ruge.. . .......... 251<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat - Tests for color-vision ; a note on the use of scarlet red in corneal diseases; report on progress in otology; ear disease and its prevention; the prevalence of middle ear disease in the [British] army, with a suggestion for a remedy; peritonsillar abscess; by E. M. Shipp. . ........ . . 266<br /><br />Reports and letters ............ 267<br />The surgical aspect of the engagement of La Ceiba, Honduras, by L. W.<br />Bishop and W. L. Irvine.......... . ......... . .. . ... . ....... . . . ...... 267<br />Extract from sanitary report of U.S.S. New Orleans, for the year 1901, by<br />W. F. Arnold... .. .. .. ....... ... . . . ... . . ... ..... . . ... . . . .. .. . . ....... 269<br /><br />Vol. 5, No. 3<br /><br />Preface...... ........... ................... .... ...... .... .. .... ...... .. ... v<br />Special articles: ·<br />Tropical diseases in their relation to the eye, by E. M. Shipp.... .... . . . . 271<br />Intravenous administration of salvarsan, by G. B. Trible and H. A.<br />Garrison. ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285<br />The mental examination of 50 recruits who became insane soon after enlistment, by Heber Butts........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295<br />Diagnosis and treatment of hernia in the Navy, by B. F. Jenness.... .. ... 313<br /><br />United States Medical School laboratories:<br />Davainea madagascariensis in the Philippine Islands, by P. E. Garrison. . 321<br />The interpretation of negative and weakly positive reactions in Noguchi's<br />complement fixation test, by M. E. Higgins... . .. . . . ....... . ......... 327<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, March-May, 1911........ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 328<br />Specimens added to the pathological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, March-May, 1911. . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328<br /><br />Suggested devices:<br />An improvised X-ray apparatus, by H. A. Harris. . . . ..... . .. .. . .. . . . . . . 331<br />Fracture of mandible with improved method of adjustment, by W. A.<br />Angwin .. . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332<br /><br />Clinical notes:<br />Gunshot wound of elbow, by Raymond Spear..... .. .. . .... . . . ... . . . ... . 335<br />Clinical symptoms appearing immediately after antityphoid inoculation,<br />by J. R. Phelps and G. F. Clark. . .. .... . .. ..... . . ... . . ... .. . .. . . . . . .. 336<br />Posterior gastro-enteroetomy three years after anterior gastro-enteroetomy,<br />by A. M. Fauntleroy... . .. ... .. ... . . ... . .. . . .. ... ... ... .. ..... . .. . . . 338<br />Pontine hemorrhage resulting from a blow in boxing, by H. C. Curl.. . . . . 340<br />Fracture of the zygoma, by R. B. Williams... ... .. . . ............ ....... 341<br />Death from unruptured thoracic aneurism, by E. P. Huff... . . .... . .. ... 342<br />A plastic pernicious anemia associated with agchyloetomiaeis, by E. R. Stitt. 345<br />Balantidium coli infection associated with amoebic dysentery, by G. B.<br />Trible..... . ..... ... . ... . . . ... . . . ....... . ........ . ..... .. . 346<br />Return of syphilitic symptoms after administration of salvarsan, by C. F.<br />Sterne. . ....... . .. . . . . .. . . ... . ..... . .... . ........ . .... . . . . .... . ... . . . 348<br />A case of syphilis which poeeibly demonstrates the efficacy of prophylaxis<br />against venereal diseases, by E. H. H. Old ... . . . . .. ..... 349<br />Cerebral syphilis in a native of Guam, by W. M. Kerr.. ... . . ... ... ..... 350<br />A case of autoserotherapy, by E. O. J. Eytinge and L. W. McGuire. ...... 351<br />Haemoglobinuric fever, by D. G. Sutton. . . . ...... . .. . .. .. . .... .. . .... .. 352<br />Shock caused by lightning stroke, by W. S. Hoen .... . .. . . ............ . . 353<br />An unusual cause of burn, by F. M. Munson.......... .. . . .. . ..... . .. .. 354<br />Traumatic extrusion of testicle, by J . A. B. Sinclair. . . .. . . . . ....... . ... 355<br /><br />Current comment: <br />Criticisms and suggestions relative to the health records . .. .. . . . · 357<br />Distinguished honors conferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358<br />The closing exercises of the Naval Medical School... . ...... . .... . ... . . . 358<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences:<br />General medicine - Plague in Manchuria and its lessons; the treatment of<br />arthritis deformans; hereditary haemophilia, deficiency in the coagulability<br />of the blood the only immediate cause of the condition; discussion of acidosis, by A. W. Dunbar and J . L. Neilson .. ........ .. ... .. . . .... 361<br />Surgery - Laceration of the axillary portion of the shoulder joint as a factor in the etiology of traumatic combined paralysis of the upper extremity; tuberculosis of the kidney and ureter; injuries to the kidneys with end results; fracture of the patella; acute emergencies of abdominal disease; intestinal obstruction due to kinks and adhesions of the terminal ileum; the functions of the great omentum; treatment of peritonitis consecutive to appendicitis; treatment of ascites by drainage into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen; special dangers associated with operations on the biliary passages and their avoidance; a simple method for the relief of certain forms of odynphagia; by Raymond Spear and Edgar Thompson....... ...... . . ... . ... ... ... .. 365<br />Hygiene and sanitation - Food requirements for sustenance and work; carbo-gasoline method for the disinfection of books; typhoid fever and mussel pollution; the duty of the community toward ita consumptives; some aspects of tropical sanitation; table jellies; the significance of the bacillus carrier in the spread of Asiatic cholera; the value of vaccination and revaccination; prophylaxie de la syphilis; the value of terminal disinfection; a method for determining the germicidal value and penetrating power of liquid disinfectants; by H. G. Beyer and C. N. Fiske........... 377<br />Tropical medicine - Further researches on the hyphomycetes of tinea imbricata; the action of'' 606" in sleeping sickness; the action of salvarsan in malaria; the application of "606" to the treatment of kala-azar; the specific treatment of leprosy; the role of the infective granule in certain protozoa! infections as illustrated by the spirochaetosis of Sudanese fowls, preliminary note; by C. S. Butler. . .... . . . ..... . .. .. .. . . . . ... . ... .... 389<br />Pathology and bacteriology - Ehrlich's biochemical theory and its conception<br />and application; researches on experimental typhoid fever; a record of 90 diphtheria carriers; the serum diagnosis of syphilis; by M. E. Higgins. . . . 392<br />Medical zoology - Note on the presence of a lateral spine in the eggs of<br />Schistosoma japonicum; onchocerciasis in cattle with special reference<br />to the structure and bionomic characters of the parasite; by P. E.<br />Garrison .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397<br />Chemistry and pharmacy - The preparation of a convenient and stable litmus solution; a method to demonstrate and estimate the digestive fermenta in the feces; a simple method for the estimation of ammonia in the urine of diabetics for the recognition of acidosis; new process for sterilizing water by potassium permanganate; the colorimetric estimation of dextrose in urine; a new method for the estimation of sugar in the urine; by E.W. Brown and O. G. Ruge . .. . .. ... . . . ..... ... . . 398<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat - Examination of the nose and throat in relation<br />to general diagnosis, results in asthma; the nonsurgical treatment of<br />cataract; by E. M. Shipp..... . . . .. . .. .. .. . .... .. ... . 400<br /><br />Reports and letters:<br />Plague conditions in North China, by W. D. Owens.......... .. .. ... ... 405<br /><br />Vol. 5, No. 4<br /><br />Preface ... .. . . . ............... . ...... ... ........................ .. ........ v<br /><br />Special articles:<br />The tenth convention of the second Hague conference of 1907, and its <br />relation to the evacuation of the wounded in naval warfare, by F. L.<br />Pleadwell (first paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  409<br />Is gangoea a form of syphilis? by H. E. Odell....... .. ... . ............. 430<br />Salvarsan as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent in syphilis, by C. M.<br />George.... .. ............ ...... . . .. .... . . . .... . .. . 485<br />Flat foot and its relation to the Navy, by R. G. Heiner.. . ............... 451<br />Notes on submarine cruising, by I. F. Cohn............................ 455<br />Important features in the technique of carbon dioxide estimations in air,<br />by E. W. Brown... . ................. . .. . . . ... . ...... . ...... . ..... . . 457<br />The use of salvarsan on board the U.S.S. Michigan, by J . J. Snyder and<br />A. L. Clifton............. . . .. . . .............. . .................... . .. 459<br />Notes on vaccination, by A. B. Clifford... .. ........................... 461<br />The preparation of patient.e for operation at the United States Naval Hospital,<br />Norfolk, Va., by W. M. Garton.. . ..... .... .. .. ... . . . ...... ..... 462<br /><br />United States Naval Medical School laboratories:<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, June-Aug., 1911 ........ . ... .......... . .. . .. 465<br />Specimens added to the pathological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, June-Aug., 1911.................... . .... . .. .. . ... . .. 465<br /><br />Suggested devices:<br />An apparatus for hoisting patients aboard the hospital ship Solace, by<br />E. M. Blackwell... . ............ . . . ................................ . . 467<br />An inexpensive and satisfactory ethyl chloride inhaler for general<br />anaesthesia, by J. H. Barton .. . . ... .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .... ...... 469<br /><br />Clinical notes:<br />Old "irreducible" dislocation of head of humerus, by H. C. Curl. . . . ... . 471<br />A case of brain tumor, by R. E. Hoyt.. .. .... .... . ...... . . .... . .. ........ 472<br />A case of brain abscess, by J. R. Phelps and G. F. Clark.. .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . 474<br />Report of two cases of cerebrospinal fever, by R. A. Bachmann.. . . . .... 477<br />A case of leprosy on board the U.S.S. Villalobos, by D. H. Noble....... 479<br />A case resembling gangosa, in which a treponema was found, by P. S.<br />Rossiter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481<br />A case extensively burned, by N. T. McLean.. ... .... .. . . .. . .. ... ... . . . 481<br />Acute pemphigus following vaccination, by R. Hayden.... ... . .... ..... . . 482<br />Two interesting cases on the U.S.S. Prairie, by C. C. Grieve . .. . . . .... . . 486<br />An atypical case of typhoid fever, by L. W. Johnson... . ... . .. . .... . .. . .. 488<br />Tolerance of the peritoneum rarely seen, by P. R. Stalnaker and G. W.<br />Shepard. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489<br />Note on tincture of iodine, by R. Spear...... . . . . . ... . ... .... . .. . .. ..... 490<br />Notes on salvarsan, by R. Spear..... . ...... . .............. . ..... . . ..... 491<br /><br /><br />Current comment :<br />Instructions relative to medical returns ... ....... . ..... . ............... .493<br />Clinical cards .. ........... ... . . .. .. ... . .... . . . . . .. . ... . .. . ......... . . .494<br />Measles in Samoa . ................ .. . ... . . . . ... . ....................... .495<br />The conservation of the public health ........ . .................... .496<br />Closure of the naval stations at San Juan and Culebra ....... .. .. . . . ..... 498<br />New pavilion for the practice of thoracic surgery ........ . ..... ...... 498<br />The Bellevue Hospital nomenclature of diseases and conditions, 1911 .... .498<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences:<br />General medicine - Pathological and experimental data derived from a<br />further study of an acute infectious disease of unknown origin; the mode<br />of transmission of leprosy; genesis of incipient tuberculisus; a method<br />for determining the absolute pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid; the after<br />history of cases of albuminuria occurring in adolescence; the stereoscopic<br />X-ray examination of the chest with special reference to the diagnosis of<br />pulmonary tuberculosis; the use of antiformin in the examination for the<br />tubercle bacillus; by A. W. Dunbar and J. L. Neilson ............. . . . 501<br />Surgery - The control of bleeding in operations for brain tumors; intravenous<br />anesthesia from hedonal; the difficulties and limitations of diagnosis in advanced cases of renal tuberculosis; the treatment of X-ray ulcer; nephroureterectomy; by Raymond Spear and Edgar Thompson .. 511<br />Hygiene and Sanitation - A simple method of purifying almost any infected<br />water for drinking purposes; the physiology of the march; wall paper and illumination; vaccination et serotherapie anticholeriques; upon the<br />inoculation of materia morbi through the human skin by fleabites; garbage receptacles; the relative influence of the heat and chemical impurity of close air; method for measuring the degree of vitiation of the air of inclosed spaces; by H. G. Beyer and  C.N. Fiske . .. . .. ..... . 518<br />Tropical medicine - The diagnosis of pellagra; researches upon acarids <br />among lepers; action of "606" upon malaria; by C. S. Butler ......... . 523<br />Pathology and bacteriology - An outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by<br />B. paratyphosus; infection of rabbits with the virus of poliomyelitis; the<br />mechanism of the formation of metastases in malignant tumors; a method<br />for the pure cultivation of pathogenic treponema pallidum; by Y. E .<br />Higgins .. .... .. .. . ..................... .. ..... . ............. . ...... . 528<br />Medical zoology - On Kwan's fluke and the presence of spines in<br />fasciolopsis; endemic Mediterranean fever (Malta fever) in southwest<br />Tcxas; by P. E. Garrison . ..... . .......... .. . . .... . .... . ........... . . . 532<br />Chemistry and pharmacy - Detection of blood by means of leuco-malachitegreen; an improved form of Heller's ring test for detection of albumin in the urine; an important reagent for Fehling's method for sugar estimation; method for the estimation of urotropin in the urine; detection of amylolytic ferments in the feces; new technique for the estimation of total nitrogen, ammonia, and urea in the urine; chemotherapy and "606" by E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge ............... 533<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat  - Defective vision and its bearing on the question<br />of fitness for service; "606 ' ' and eye diseases; by E. M. Shipp ... .. .. .538<br /><br />Reports and letters:<br />American Medical Association meeting, by C. P. Bfagg .. .. .... . .....550<br />Sanitary report on Kiukiang, Kiangse Province, China, by D. H. Noble ...550<br />Index to volume V ...............559<br />Subject index .......... . ........ . ....................... 559<br />Author's index . . . ........ . ..... . ......... . ......... .  570<br /><br /><br />

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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 5 Nos. 1-4, 1911

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

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Date: 1911

Language: eng

Vol. 5, No. 1<br /><br />Preface... ... . ..... . . .. ......... .. ... .... . ... . .. . .... .. . . ..... . .. . . . ..... . v<br />Special articles ............. . ....... . . . .. . ............... . ............1<br />Diphtheria prophylaxis in the Navy. by C. S. Butler. .... . .. .. . ...1<br />Notes on "606," by Raymond Spear.. . .... .. . ... .. .. . ... ..... . ........ . . 4<br />Recent diagnostic methods in otology applicable to the naval service, by<br />G. B. Trible.... . . .. .... ...... . . .......... .. .. . .. 6<br />Bier's method of treatment in acute gonorrheal arthritis, by H.F. Strine. 12<br />Problems of sanitation in landing and expeditionary service in tropical and<br />subtropical regions, translation by P. J. Waldner.. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. 13<br />The mental examination of candidates for enlistment in the Navy and<br />Marine Corps, by Heber Butts.. . ......... . . . .............. . .... . . . .... 29<br />The recent outbreak of cholera in Italy, by C. J. Holeman.. ..... .. . .. . . . 38<br /><br />United States Naval Medical School Laboratories... ... ... .. ... .. .......... . . 41<br />The United States National Museum in its relation to other Government<br />scientific collections, by P. E . Garrison .... . . . .. . .. . ..... . ..... .,..... 41<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, June-August, 1910....... . ... . .... ... . . ........ . .... . 43<br />Recent additions to the pathological collection, United States Naval Medical School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 43<br /><br />Suggested devices............ . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . ..... . . . .. . ... . . . ..... . . . .. . 46<br />A sanitary garbage-can holder, by H. C. Kellers. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 46<br />The blanket splint, by F. X. Koltes..... ..... ... . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br /><br />Clinical notes.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />Reports of four transfusions by the vein-to-vein method with curved glass<br />tubes, by A. M. Fauntleroy.. . . . . . . . .. . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />Bilateral inguino-superficial hernia with bilateral undescended testicle,<br />by H. C. Curl...... . ..... . .. . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />Larvae in the deep urethra and bladder, by H. F. Strine..... ... .. . . .. ... 51<br />An extensive razor wound of throat, by W. G. Farwell. ...... . ....... ..... 62<br />Report of two cases of heat cramps on U. S. S. Charleston, by H. A. May... 53<br />Fatigue and exhaustion in the fireroom, by F. G. Abeken .... ... . ... .. . . 67<br />A case of diabetes mellitus, by J.B. Dennis and A. C. Stanley . ........... 58<br />Sciatica incident to physical test (50-mile walk), by J. A. B. Sinclair..... 58<br />Poisoning resulting from the injection of bismuth paste, by C. B. Camerer... 59<br /><br />Current comment. . . . . . . . . . .  . . . 61<br />The medical library on the U. S. S. Solace... . ..... .. ......... .... . ... .. 61<br />Dioxydiamidoarsenobenzol in the treatment of syphilis. .. . .. . .. . . . . . . ... 61<br />New blank forms and instructions pertaining thereto.. . .. .... . ... . . ..... 63<br />A case of yellow fever reaches Honolulu . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . 65<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences. . ....... ... . .. . . . .. . . . ... . . .. . .... . ... .. ... . .. 67<br />General medicine. . .. .. ... . . .. . .... .. ... .. . .. . . .. . .. ..... .. . .. ........ 67<br />A modern conception of the psychoneuroses; status thymolymphaticus and its relation to sudden death; the Cammidge test in experimental pancreatitis and other conditions; hiccough in course of diaphragmatic pleurisy treated by Laborde's method ; fatigue the cause of enuresis; pellagra, some clinical and other features of the disease; is mercury a specific in pulmonary tuberculosis; a case of an acute febrile and probably infectious disease of unknown origin; further remarks on duodenal alimentation ; pemphigoid eruptions in typhoid<br />fever, A. W. Dunbar and J . L. Neilson . .. . .... . ... . . . .. . ... . . . .. 67<br />Surgery - The special field of neurological surgery, five years later; hypodermic injections in action, suggestions for simplifying their administration; the result of 168 operations for hernia; modern treatment of<br />fractures; report of two cases of revolver shot wound of the brain; haemophilia; the exclusion of the skin in surgery; removal of foreign bodies<br />from the bronchi; some notes on the use of nitrous oxid and oxygen for<br />prolonged anesthesia; the end results of prostatectomy, R. Spear and<br />E. Thompson ... . . . .. .. . .. . .... . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76<br />Hygiene and sanitation - Ventilation of ships, particularly merchant ships;<br />oral prophylaxis; recruiting in the German army; concerning the sources<br />of infection in cases of venereal diseases in the city of New York; the<br />effect of a mosquito net on the air within it, H. G. Beyer and C. N.<br />Fiske. .. . . .. ... . .. . .. . . .. . ... . . . . . .. . .. . . . ... . .... .. ... .... .. .. ..... 87<br />Tropical medicine - The rationale of quinine prophylaxis; a case of sleeping<br />sickness studied by precise enumerative methods; statistical study of<br />uncinariasis among white men in the Philippines, C. S. Butler.. . .. .. . .. 95<br />Pathology and bacteriology - A case of typhoid meningitis; complement fixation in thrombo-angiitie obliterans; personal observations on the Ehrlich-Hata "606;" certain aspects of the bacteriology of bacillary dysentery; a rapid presumptive test for diarrhea caused by the gas bacillus; investigation into the acid-fast bacteria found in the faeces with special reference to their presence in cases of tuberculosis; on the nature of the cellular elements presence in  milk; infection of a still-born infant by an amoebiform protozoan (entamooba mortinatalium), O. J . Mink.. . . ..... . 99<br />Medical zoology  - Ulcerating granuloma of the pudenda a protozoal disease<br />(preliminary communication); report of 15 cases of hymenolepis nana,<br />P. E. Garrison ... .... ... . ... ... .... .. ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. 102<br />Chemistry and pharmacy - Studies in OEdema. VI. The influence of adrenaline on absorption from the peritoneal cavity, with some remarks<br />on the influence of calcium chloride on absorption ; the action of mercury<br />and iodine in experimental syphilis; a protein reaction in the blood of the insane; chemistry of the antigen used in the Wassermann reaction; a lack of oxygen not a cause of death in cases of diminished air pressure; influence of mercury on the results of the serum reaction in antisyphilitic treatment; quantitative determination of albumin in the urine;<br />E.W. Brown and O. G. Ruge ............. . ............ ... ..... 104<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat - The use of carbon dioxide snow in eye work;<br />preliminary communication of a new method for the prevention and treatment<br />of sympathetic ophthalmitis, E. M. Shipp......... .. . .. ... ... .. . 106 <br />Reports and letters .. . . . ...... . .... . .... . ... . . ... . ... .  .. . . . .. . . 109<br />A visit to the Leper Settlement, Molokai, Hawaii, J. D. Gatewood .... ... . 109<br />Report on the meeting of the American Public Health Association, 1910,<br />C. N. Fiske. . ... ......... .. .. . .. . . . ... . . . ...... . . . .... .. . . ..... ... . . . 114<br />Report on the meeting of the American Hospital Association, 1910, A. W.<br />Dunbar.. . .. .. .... . ... . ... .. . .. .. .. . . . .... ... ... ... .. .. .. ... . ....... 117<br />The latest word from Ehrlich........ . .............................. . .. 122<br /><br />Vol. 5, No. 2<br /><br />Preface... ... .. ... .. ........ ... .................. .... ..... .............. vii<br />Special articles.....................125<br />The intravenous administration of "606" in 56 case, by G. B. Trible and<br />H. A. Garrison ...................... 125<br />Ehrlich discusses "606," translation, by Dr. J.C. Bierwirth. . ...... . . . ... 134<br />Satisfactory results with a simplified Wassermann technique (Emery), by<br />E. R. Stitt. ..................... 142<br />Further notes on the preparation of a culture medium from dried blood<br />serum, by E. W. Brown... . . .. .... . . .. . .. .... . . ... ........ .. .. . .... 144<br />Note on the existence of Agchylostoma duodenale in Guam, by W. M. Kerr. .....................145<br />Intestinal parasites found among the crew of the U.S.S. South Dakota, by<br />E.G. Parker. .... . ..... .. . ..... .. . ..... ...... . .... ... . . ... .. ...... . 145<br />Results of an examination of Filipino mess attendants for intestinal parasites,<br />by W. A. Angwin and C. E. Camerer ..................... 147<br />The practical use of carbon dioxide snow as seen at the West London Hospital, by G. D. Hale. .. .... . .. . . . .. ... . . . .......... . .......... . ..... . 148<br />Nomenclature for causes of physical disability in the Navy, by 0. N.<br />Fiske.. . .. . .......................... . .. .. . .... .. . . .. ...... .. .. .. . 149<br /><br />United States Naval Medical School laboratories . . . . . . ..................... 159<br />An atypical typhoid bacillus, by O. J. Mink.. .. . .. ........ .. ........... 159<br />Notes on parasites found at animal autopsies in the Naval Medical School<br />laboratories during 1910, by C. S. Butler and P. E. Garrison.. . .. . ...... 159<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, December, 1910-February, 1911 . .. ... . .  161<br />Additions to the pathological collection, United States Naval Medical<br />School, December, 1910-February, 1911 . .... .162<br /><br />Suggested devices ...... . . . ... ... .. . . . . . . 163<br />An intestine tray for autopsies, by P. E. Garrison. . . .... .... .. .. .. .. .. ... 163<br />A suggested improvement in the method of taking finger prints, by F. H.<br />Brooks . .... .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. ... . .... .. .. .. .. . . .. .... . . .. .. . ..... . .. 164<br /><br />Clinical notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167<br />A case of cholecystectomy, by R. Spear. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 167<br />A case of fracture of the skull, by W. M. Garton. . . ... ... . ... . ........ . .. 168<br />Hypernephroma of right kidney, nephrectomy with recovery, by A. M.<br />Fauntleroy... ... .. ... .. ..... .... . .. . . ..... ..... . .... . ............. . 169<br />A case of general chronic perihepatitis, by E. R. Stitt .. . . . . . .. ...... . ... 171<br />Bacillary dysentery showing extreme toxaemia, by E. R. Stitt........ .. .. 173<br />Report on 10 cases of syphilis treated with "606," by U. R. Webb....... 173<br />A suspected case of gangosa, by O. J. Mink.. . . .. . ...... . .... .. . . . .... .... 178<br />Lamblia intestinalis and ascaris lumbricoides associated with amoebic dysentery by G. B. Trible . . . . . ... ....... . . . . .. . .. .. ... . .... . ........ . . . . . . 178<br />A case of pernicious anemia showing points of resemblance to kala azar,<br />by E. R. Stitt . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180<br />A case of amoebic dysentery with liver abscess by E. R. Stitt. . .. .. ... ... 180<br />A case of intussusception, by E. R. Stitt..... . . .. . . . . . .. ......... .. . .. . . . 181<br />Report of two unusual fracture cases, by J. B. Dennis and A. C. Stanley... 181<br />Associated tuberculosis and syphilis, by O. J. Mink and E. H. H. Old...... 182<br />An undesirable recruit, by Heber Butts............................ . . . . . 183<br />Report of six cases of appendicitis aboard the U.S. S. Tennessee, by M. K.<br />Johnson and W. L. Mann...... ... .......................... .. ........ 190<br /><br />Current comment... .. .................................................... 193<br />Notification of venereal diseases.............. . .......................... 193<br />The use of salvarsan in filarial disease.. ...................... . .......... 194<br />Howard Taylor Ricketts...................................... . ........ 195<br />Typhoid vaccination. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195<br />Further notes on the new blank forms..................................... 196<br />The bacteriology of acute poliomyelitis............. . .... .. .. ...... ..... 197<br />Hospital facilities at Montevideo.... .... . .............................. 197<br />A correction. . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197<br />A course of instructive lectures . ......................................... 197<br />Physical culture......... ... . . ........... .. .......................... . . 198<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences...... . ................. . ..... . ............. . .. 199<br />General medicine - Haemoglobinuric fever on the Canal Zone; malingering; on the presence of a venous hum in the epigastrium in cirrhosis of the liver; the use of the X-ray in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis; mercury succinimid in the treatment of tuberculosis; high blood pressure in arteriosclerosis; the treatment and prognosis of exophthalmic goitre; some clinical methods of diagnosis of the functional activity of the heart; further notes on the treatment of paralysis agitans with parathyroid gland; on fever caused by the bite of the sand fly (Phlebotomus papatasii); Myzomyia roasii as a malaria carrier; a modified Caldwell kitchen incinerator for field use, by A. W. Dunbar and J. L. Xeilson....... 199<br />Surgery - The cause of death from shock by commercial electric currents<br />and the treatment of same; the best method of exposing the interior of the bladder in suprapubic operations; "606 "; a consideration of surgical methods of treating hyperthyroidism; genito-urinary diseases; radium therapy; the intravenous use of cocaine, report of a case; diseases of the stomach and duodenum from a surgical standpoint; dry iodine catgut; disinfection of the skin by tincture of iodine; the Roentgen-ray examination of the esophagus; solitary perforation of the ileum associated with strangulated and obstructed hernia; the time and method for prostatectomy; a practical mechanical method of end-to-end anastomosis of blood vessels; by R. Spear and E. \V . Thompson................... 213<br />Hygiene and sanitation - Sterilization of water on a large scale by means<br />of ultra-violet rays; nota sulla carne refrigerata e sui refrigeranti dei piroscafi; the American game of football, is it a factor for good or for evil? the hygiene of the simming pool ; "cordite eating"; the process of disinfection by chemical agencies and hot water; eggs, a study of eggs offered for sale as pure food; by H. G. Beyer and C. N. Fiske. ..... .. 226<br />Tropical medicine - Upon a new pathognomonic sign of malaria; a simple<br />method for the treatment of cholera; traitement de la trypanosomiase<br />humaine, by C. S. Butler. . .... .. ....... ... .. ...... . . . . ..... .. . ....... 237<br />Pathology and bacteriology -  A method for the bacteriological standardization of disinfectants; microorganism found in the blood of acute cases of poliomyelitis; experimental rssearches upon typhus exanthematicus<br />done at the Pasteur Institute of Tunis during the year l910; bacteriology of human bile with especial reference to the typhoid carrier problem; the control of typhoid in the army by vaccination; experiments on transmission of bacteria by flies with special relation to an epidemic of bacillary dysentery at the Worcester State Hospital, Massachusetts, 1910; experiences in the use of vaccines in chronic suppuration of the nasal access0ry sinuses; histological study of skin lesions of pellagra; a resume of the evidence concerning the diagnostic and clinical value of the Wassermann reaction; experimentelle Beitrage zum Studium des Mechanismus der Immunkorper und Komplementwirkung; by O. J . Mink.............. 240<br />Chemistry and pharmacy.-The preparation of thyroid extract for therapeutic<br />purposes; the action of urinary antiseptics; wird eingenommenes<br />Chinin mit der Muttermilch ausgeschieden? Uebergang von Arzenmitteln<br />in die Milch; the quantitative estimation of albumin in the urine, by Tsuchiya's procss; the quantitative determination of albumin according to Tsuchiya; on the stability of the solutions prepared for Bang's method of estimating sugar in the urine, by E. M. Brown and O. G. Ruge.. . .......... 251<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat - Tests for color-vision ; a note on the use of scarlet red in corneal diseases; report on progress in otology; ear disease and its prevention; the prevalence of middle ear disease in the [British] army, with a suggestion for a remedy; peritonsillar abscess; by E. M. Shipp. . ........ . . 266<br /><br />Reports and letters ............ 267<br />The surgical aspect of the engagement of La Ceiba, Honduras, by L. W.<br />Bishop and W. L. Irvine.......... . ......... . .. . ... . ....... . . . ...... 267<br />Extract from sanitary report of U.S.S. New Orleans, for the year 1901, by<br />W. F. Arnold... .. .. .. ....... ... . . . ... . . ... ..... . . ... . . . .. .. . . ....... 269<br /><br />Vol. 5, No. 3<br /><br />Preface...... ........... ................... .... ...... .... .. .... ...... .. ... v<br />Special articles: ·<br />Tropical diseases in their relation to the eye, by E. M. Shipp.... .... . . . . 271<br />Intravenous administration of salvarsan, by G. B. Trible and H. A.<br />Garrison. ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285<br />The mental examination of 50 recruits who became insane soon after enlistment, by Heber Butts........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295<br />Diagnosis and treatment of hernia in the Navy, by B. F. Jenness.... .. ... 313<br /><br />United States Medical School laboratories:<br />Davainea madagascariensis in the Philippine Islands, by P. E. Garrison. . 321<br />The interpretation of negative and weakly positive reactions in Noguchi's<br />complement fixation test, by M. E. Higgins... . .. . . . ....... . ......... 327<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, March-May, 1911........ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 328<br />Specimens added to the pathological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, March-May, 1911. . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328<br /><br />Suggested devices:<br />An improvised X-ray apparatus, by H. A. Harris. . . . ..... . .. .. . .. . . . . . . 331<br />Fracture of mandible with improved method of adjustment, by W. A.<br />Angwin .. . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332<br /><br />Clinical notes:<br />Gunshot wound of elbow, by Raymond Spear..... .. .. . .... . . . ... . . . ... . 335<br />Clinical symptoms appearing immediately after antityphoid inoculation,<br />by J. R. Phelps and G. F. Clark. . .. .... . .. ..... . . ... . . ... .. . .. . . . . . .. 336<br />Posterior gastro-enteroetomy three years after anterior gastro-enteroetomy,<br />by A. M. Fauntleroy... . .. ... .. ... . . ... . .. . . .. ... ... ... .. ..... . .. . . . 338<br />Pontine hemorrhage resulting from a blow in boxing, by H. C. Curl.. . . . . 340<br />Fracture of the zygoma, by R. B. Williams... ... .. . . ............ ....... 341<br />Death from unruptured thoracic aneurism, by E. P. Huff... . . .... . .. ... 342<br />A plastic pernicious anemia associated with agchyloetomiaeis, by E. R. Stitt. 345<br />Balantidium coli infection associated with amoebic dysentery, by G. B.<br />Trible..... . ..... ... . ... . . . ... . . . ....... . ........ . ..... .. . 346<br />Return of syphilitic symptoms after administration of salvarsan, by C. F.<br />Sterne. . ....... . .. . . . . .. . . ... . ..... . .... . ........ . .... . . . . .... . ... . . . 348<br />A case of syphilis which poeeibly demonstrates the efficacy of prophylaxis<br />against venereal diseases, by E. H. H. Old ... . . . . .. ..... 349<br />Cerebral syphilis in a native of Guam, by W. M. Kerr.. ... . . ... ... ..... 350<br />A case of autoserotherapy, by E. O. J. Eytinge and L. W. McGuire. ...... 351<br />Haemoglobinuric fever, by D. G. Sutton. . . . ...... . .. . .. .. . .... .. . .... .. 352<br />Shock caused by lightning stroke, by W. S. Hoen .... . .. . . ............ . . 353<br />An unusual cause of burn, by F. M. Munson.......... .. . . .. . ..... . .. .. 354<br />Traumatic extrusion of testicle, by J . A. B. Sinclair. . . .. . . . . ....... . ... 355<br /><br />Current comment: <br />Criticisms and suggestions relative to the health records . .. .. . . . · 357<br />Distinguished honors conferred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358<br />The closing exercises of the Naval Medical School... . ...... . .... . ... . . . 358<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences:<br />General medicine - Plague in Manchuria and its lessons; the treatment of<br />arthritis deformans; hereditary haemophilia, deficiency in the coagulability<br />of the blood the only immediate cause of the condition; discussion of acidosis, by A. W. Dunbar and J . L. Neilson .. ........ .. ... .. . . .... 361<br />Surgery - Laceration of the axillary portion of the shoulder joint as a factor in the etiology of traumatic combined paralysis of the upper extremity; tuberculosis of the kidney and ureter; injuries to the kidneys with end results; fracture of the patella; acute emergencies of abdominal disease; intestinal obstruction due to kinks and adhesions of the terminal ileum; the functions of the great omentum; treatment of peritonitis consecutive to appendicitis; treatment of ascites by drainage into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen; special dangers associated with operations on the biliary passages and their avoidance; a simple method for the relief of certain forms of odynphagia; by Raymond Spear and Edgar Thompson....... ...... . . ... . ... ... ... .. 365<br />Hygiene and sanitation - Food requirements for sustenance and work; carbo-gasoline method for the disinfection of books; typhoid fever and mussel pollution; the duty of the community toward ita consumptives; some aspects of tropical sanitation; table jellies; the significance of the bacillus carrier in the spread of Asiatic cholera; the value of vaccination and revaccination; prophylaxie de la syphilis; the value of terminal disinfection; a method for determining the germicidal value and penetrating power of liquid disinfectants; by H. G. Beyer and C. N. Fiske........... 377<br />Tropical medicine - Further researches on the hyphomycetes of tinea imbricata; the action of'' 606" in sleeping sickness; the action of salvarsan in malaria; the application of "606" to the treatment of kala-azar; the specific treatment of leprosy; the role of the infective granule in certain protozoa! infections as illustrated by the spirochaetosis of Sudanese fowls, preliminary note; by C. S. Butler. . .... . . . ..... . .. .. .. . . . . ... . ... .... 389<br />Pathology and bacteriology - Ehrlich's biochemical theory and its conception<br />and application; researches on experimental typhoid fever; a record of 90 diphtheria carriers; the serum diagnosis of syphilis; by M. E. Higgins. . . . 392<br />Medical zoology - Note on the presence of a lateral spine in the eggs of<br />Schistosoma japonicum; onchocerciasis in cattle with special reference<br />to the structure and bionomic characters of the parasite; by P. E.<br />Garrison .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397<br />Chemistry and pharmacy - The preparation of a convenient and stable litmus solution; a method to demonstrate and estimate the digestive fermenta in the feces; a simple method for the estimation of ammonia in the urine of diabetics for the recognition of acidosis; new process for sterilizing water by potassium permanganate; the colorimetric estimation of dextrose in urine; a new method for the estimation of sugar in the urine; by E.W. Brown and O. G. Ruge . .. . .. ... . . . ..... ... . . 398<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat - Examination of the nose and throat in relation<br />to general diagnosis, results in asthma; the nonsurgical treatment of<br />cataract; by E. M. Shipp..... . . . .. . .. .. .. . .... .. ... . 400<br /><br />Reports and letters:<br />Plague conditions in North China, by W. D. Owens.......... .. .. ... ... 405<br /><br />Vol. 5, No. 4<br /><br />Preface ... .. . . . ............... . ...... ... ........................ .. ........ v<br /><br />Special articles:<br />The tenth convention of the second Hague conference of 1907, and its <br />relation to the evacuation of the wounded in naval warfare, by F. L.<br />Pleadwell (first paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  409<br />Is gangoea a form of syphilis? by H. E. Odell....... .. ... . ............. 430<br />Salvarsan as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent in syphilis, by C. M.<br />George.... .. ............ ...... . . .. .... . . . .... . .. . 485<br />Flat foot and its relation to the Navy, by R. G. Heiner.. . ............... 451<br />Notes on submarine cruising, by I. F. Cohn............................ 455<br />Important features in the technique of carbon dioxide estimations in air,<br />by E. W. Brown... . ................. . .. . . . ... . ...... . ...... . ..... . . 457<br />The use of salvarsan on board the U.S.S. Michigan, by J . J. Snyder and<br />A. L. Clifton............. . . .. . . .............. . .................... . .. 459<br />Notes on vaccination, by A. B. Clifford... .. ........................... 461<br />The preparation of patient.e for operation at the United States Naval Hospital,<br />Norfolk, Va., by W. M. Garton.. . ..... .... .. .. ... . . . ...... ..... 462<br /><br />United States Naval Medical School laboratories:<br />Specimens added to the helminthological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, June-Aug., 1911 ........ . ... .......... . .. . .. 465<br />Specimens added to the pathological collection, United States Naval<br />Medical School, June-Aug., 1911.................... . .... . .. .. . ... . .. 465<br /><br />Suggested devices:<br />An apparatus for hoisting patients aboard the hospital ship Solace, by<br />E. M. Blackwell... . ............ . . . ................................ . . 467<br />An inexpensive and satisfactory ethyl chloride inhaler for general<br />anaesthesia, by J. H. Barton .. . . ... .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .... ...... 469<br /><br />Clinical notes:<br />Old "irreducible" dislocation of head of humerus, by H. C. Curl. . . . ... . 471<br />A case of brain tumor, by R. E. Hoyt.. .. .... .... . ...... . . .... . .. ........ 472<br />A case of brain abscess, by J. R. Phelps and G. F. Clark.. .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . 474<br />Report of two cases of cerebrospinal fever, by R. A. Bachmann.. . . . .... 477<br />A case of leprosy on board the U.S.S. Villalobos, by D. H. Noble....... 479<br />A case resembling gangosa, in which a treponema was found, by P. S.<br />Rossiter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481<br />A case extensively burned, by N. T. McLean.. ... .... .. . . .. . .. ... ... . . . 481<br />Acute pemphigus following vaccination, by R. Hayden.... ... . .... ..... . . 482<br />Two interesting cases on the U.S.S. Prairie, by C. C. Grieve . .. . . . .... . . 486<br />An atypical case of typhoid fever, by L. W. Johnson... . ... . .. . .... . .. . .. 488<br />Tolerance of the peritoneum rarely seen, by P. R. Stalnaker and G. W.<br />Shepard. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489<br />Note on tincture of iodine, by R. Spear...... . . . . . ... . ... .... . .. . .. ..... 490<br />Notes on salvarsan, by R. Spear..... . ...... . .............. . ..... . . ..... 491<br /><br /><br />Current comment :<br />Instructions relative to medical returns ... ....... . ..... . ............... .493<br />Clinical cards .. ........... ... . . .. .. ... . .... . . . . . .. . ... . .. . ......... . . .494<br />Measles in Samoa . ................ .. . ... . . . . ... . ....................... .495<br />The conservation of the public health ........ . .................... .496<br />Closure of the naval stations at San Juan and Culebra ....... .. .. . . . ..... 498<br />New pavilion for the practice of thoracic surgery ........ . ..... ...... 498<br />The Bellevue Hospital nomenclature of diseases and conditions, 1911 .... .498<br /><br />Progress in medical sciences:<br />General medicine - Pathological and experimental data derived from a<br />further study of an acute infectious disease of unknown origin; the mode<br />of transmission of leprosy; genesis of incipient tuberculisus; a method<br />for determining the absolute pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid; the after<br />history of cases of albuminuria occurring in adolescence; the stereoscopic<br />X-ray examination of the chest with special reference to the diagnosis of<br />pulmonary tuberculosis; the use of antiformin in the examination for the<br />tubercle bacillus; by A. W. Dunbar and J. L. Neilson ............. . . . 501<br />Surgery - The control of bleeding in operations for brain tumors; intravenous<br />anesthesia from hedonal; the difficulties and limitations of diagnosis in advanced cases of renal tuberculosis; the treatment of X-ray ulcer; nephroureterectomy; by Raymond Spear and Edgar Thompson .. 511<br />Hygiene and Sanitation - A simple method of purifying almost any infected<br />water for drinking purposes; the physiology of the march; wall paper and illumination; vaccination et serotherapie anticholeriques; upon the<br />inoculation of materia morbi through the human skin by fleabites; garbage receptacles; the relative influence of the heat and chemical impurity of close air; method for measuring the degree of vitiation of the air of inclosed spaces; by H. G. Beyer and  C.N. Fiske . .. . .. ..... . 518<br />Tropical medicine - The diagnosis of pellagra; researches upon acarids <br />among lepers; action of "606" upon malaria; by C. S. Butler ......... . 523<br />Pathology and bacteriology - An outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by<br />B. paratyphosus; infection of rabbits with the virus of poliomyelitis; the<br />mechanism of the formation of metastases in malignant tumors; a method<br />for the pure cultivation of pathogenic treponema pallidum; by Y. E .<br />Higgins .. .... .. .. . ..................... .. ..... . ............. . ...... . 528<br />Medical zoology - On Kwan's fluke and the presence of spines in<br />fasciolopsis; endemic Mediterranean fever (Malta fever) in southwest<br />Tcxas; by P. E. Garrison . ..... . .......... .. . . .... . .... . ........... . . . 532<br />Chemistry and pharmacy - Detection of blood by means of leuco-malachitegreen; an improved form of Heller's ring test for detection of albumin in the urine; an important reagent for Fehling's method for sugar estimation; method for the estimation of urotropin in the urine; detection of amylolytic ferments in the feces; new technique for the estimation of total nitrogen, ammonia, and urea in the urine; chemotherapy and "606" by E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge ............... 533<br />Eye, ear, nose, and throat  - Defective vision and its bearing on the question<br />of fitness for service; "606 ' ' and eye diseases; by E. M. Shipp ... .. .. .538<br /><br />Reports and letters:<br />American Medical Association meeting, by C. P. Bfagg .. .. .... . .....550<br />Sanitary report on Kiukiang, Kiangse Province, China, by D. H. Noble ...550<br />Index to volume V ...............559<br />Subject index .......... . ........ . ....................... 559<br />Author's index . . . ........ . ..... . ......... . ......... .  570<br /><br /><br />

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Sultan Qutb-ud-din Aibak also called "Lakh Baksh Sultan" (the donator of hundreds of thousands) (Urdu: قطب الدین ایبک) (Qutb-ud-din meaning "Axis of the Faith") was the first Muslim Emperor of India who ruled from his capital in Delhi where he built Qutub Minar and the Quwwat Al Islam mosque[1]. He was a Turkish warrior by descendency, Turkic ruler, the first Sultan of Delhi and founder of the Slave dynasty (also known as the Ghulam dynasty) of India. He ruled as an emperor for only four years, from 1206 to 1210 but because of his super efficient administration and farsighted vision[citation needed], his name has become inseparable from the history of South Asia. Though he ruled for only four years, he was able to furnish stable law and administrative system in the country, started many constructive projects and tried the best possible alternatives for the wellbeing of his subjects. Although he was a strict follower of Sunni Islam and his forces were aggressive against the native Hindu population at the time of their victorious arrival, he exercised considerable tolerance towards the local Hindu, Jain and Buddhist population after he became the emperor of the newly born sultanate. In the architectural field, his biggest contribution is the famous Qutub Minar in New Delhi which he constructed to mark two of the historical events of India. Firstly to announce about the military and official arrival of his faith Islam in the Indian Subcontinent and secondly to announce about their triumphant victory over the Rajput forces whom they defeated in a huge battle before arrival. He was also popularly called the "Lakh Annadata" (the giver of thousands of grains) or "Lakh Baksh Sultan" because of his generous and donative nature. He was also a very prolific and refined player of the game of polo. He died while playing the same game at Lahore.[2]Qutbuddin was born somewhere in Central Asia; he was of Turkic descent.[3][4] While still a child he was captured and sold as a slave (ghulam). He was purchased by the chief Qazi of Nishapur, a town in the province of Khorasan in northeastern Iran. The Qazi treated him like one of his own sons, and Aibak received a very good education in all the major subjects, was a very brave warrior and an appreciable ruler and intelligent in languages including fluency in Persian and Arabic[5] and training in archery and horsemanship. When his master died, his master's sons, who were jealous of Aibak, sold him to a slave merchant. Aibak was, then, finally purchased by the great General Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghauri, then governor of GhazniStarting with his native Ghor, an Aimak principality, Shahabuddin Ghauri proved to be a distiguished personality of the history and managed to establish control over most of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India. Under his command, Qutbuddin sacked Delhi in 1193 after the victory in the Battle of Terrain.[6] As governor of northern India, Aibak was very refined and established the first verifiable Muslim administration through collection of state taxes, establishing the rule of law, equitable distribution of land and revenues to the nobles under his charge, and governance based on a mixture of locally elected representation through Mashura courts and nominated administrators on every rank to ensure the good working of the government.

Qutbuddin rose through the ranks to become the Emperor Muhammad Ghauri's most trusted general. His greatest military successes occurred while he was directly under Ghauri's guidance and leadership. Qutb was responsible for executing and consolidating Ghauri's conquests in northern India. He was left in increasingly independent charge of the Indian campaigns and the exaction of levies from the areas in India that were under Sultan Ghauri's conquests, as after 1192 the ambitious Sultan Ghauri concentrated on In 1206, the Emperor Ghauri appointed Qutb-ud-din Aibak as his Naib us Sultanat in India[7] at a grand darbar (reception) at Lahore, which was attended by a large majority of the nobles and dignitaries of his vast empire. It was at this occasion that Ghauri bestowed upon Qutb-ud-din the title of Aibak, meaning "Axis of the FaithMuhammad Ghauri established the first real Muslim state as well as empire in North India. Upon Sultan Ghauri's death in 1206, Qutb, after a brief power struggle, succeeded in establishing himself as ruler of the empire in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India;Shahabuddin Muhammad's Central Asian possessions had been captured by none other than the Mongol warlord, Genghis Khan.The Qutab Minar, now a World Heritage Site in New Delhi, India, was built during his time.

The areas over which Aibak established his rule were those over which he already exercised power as Ghauri's local receiver-general of periodic exactions and levies. He did not attack other kingdoms without any reason and concentrated on the development of the existing empire. Therefore, although his formal tenure as ruler was only four years, Aibak managed to consolidate thoroughly the administrative system that was established by his predecessor and master Shahabuddin Ghauri. This was achieved despite his having to quell powerful rebellions by nobles like Taj-ud-din Ildiz and Nasir-ud-din Qubacha. Qutbuddin ruled his empire initially from the Capital Lahore and later moved the capital to Delhi; he is hence considered the first Muslim ruler of South Asia.

Qutbuddin Aibak was a very refined and inticrate builder. He led the constructions of the security towers, check posts, tax posts and a few of the forts in the most important cities of his empire to avoid plunderings and loots. He also initiated the construction of Delhi's earliest Muslim monuments, the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque and the Qutub Minar. Historical records compiled by Muslim historian Maulana Hakim Saiyid Abdul Hai attest to the iconoclasm of Qutbuddin Aibak. The first mosque built in Delhi[9].These were completed by his successor, Iltutmish. Aibak,was otherwise known as "Lakh Baksh" or "giver of hundred thousands" because of his generous nature. He was thus a pious Muslim, praised by contemporary Muslim clerics for his good and balanced way of living. He also patronized Nizami and Fakh-i-Mudabbir, both of whom dedicated their works to Aibak. Tazul Maasir is a work primarily dealing with Aibak.in machchhu dem in 1979 for over flov to morbi honaret

horseback (polo aka chougan in India), his horse fell and the sultan was impaled on the pommel of his saddle. He was buried near the Anarkali bazaar in Lahore. Aibak's son Aram, died in 1211 CE [2], so Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, another ex-slave and an Sultan Qutbuddin died accidentally in 1210. While he was playing a game of polo on outstanding ruler of Turkic ancestry who was married to Aibak's daughter, succeeded him as Sultan of Delhi.Aibak's tomb is located behind Anarkali Bazaar, Lahore today and is a famous tourist site. In the early 1970s, it was renovated at the orders of the then Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.[10]

Taken at Latitude/Longitude:22.815934/70.838465. km (Map link)

Taken at Latitude/Longitude:22.817416/70.832988. km (Map link)

Recette : 1/2l de lait + 250g de farine + 2 oeufs + 1 pincée de sel + une cuillère à soupe d'huile => au blender => 11 crêpes moyennes environ, ou 7 moyennes et 8 petites.

Version salée : pancetta + morbier + coeurs d'artichaut (+ crème fraîche), roulées dans un plat au four recouvert d'alu. à 100°C pendant 15 minutes pour faire fondre le fromage

Version sucrée : sucre + cannelle, ou beurre-sucre, ou miel, ou beurre+sucre+cointreau, pliée en 4, au micro-onde 30s à 600W (j'aime bien manger les crêpes chaudes !)

(non-polar) stereographic projection of this equirectangular panorama.

Part of my Wee planets set.

"La cigogne et le chamois du Jura" Jean de La Fontaine... Maître Cigogne, sur ses pattes perchée,tenait en son bec un morbier.

Maître Chamois, par l'odeur alléché,

lui tint à peu près ce langage...

Taken at Latitude/Longitude:22.820616/70.838325. km (Map link)

El Saint Vernier un suave queso de corteza lavada, producido por el Maitre Jean Perrin, en la región del Alto Jura. El maestro quesero también fabrica otros afamados quesos como L’Edel de Cleron y el Morbier.

El Saint Vernier se elabora con leche pasteurizada de vaca. La corteza se lava con un vino local del Jura llamado Savagnin, esto le da al queso su corteza dorada característica y le añade un delicado y distintivo sabor ligeramente afrutado que ayuda a equilibrar el cremoso pero picante interior. Tiene una textura sedosa encantadora. Su pasta es de color amarillo. El aroma de la corteza es fuerte, similar a uno de los quesos de corteza lavada de Normandía, el Pont l’Évêque, pero no es tan fuerte, aromas de granja y amoniaco. La pasta tiene un aroma mucho más suave, a nueces y frutas verdes.

Duis porttitor tempus accumsan. Nunc ac lacus erat. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Cras ullamcorper consequat arcu, sed tincidunt velit vehicula ut. Quisque mi nisi, tincidunt vitae lacinia fringilla, venenatis porta nibh. Vivamus lacinia tellus massa, scelerisque ullamcorper libero. Aenean metus est; euismod at dapibus non, interdum eget felis. Donec viverra bibendum nisi, ac dapibus quam varius ac? Phasellus rhoncus; tellus sit amet eleifend eleifend, mi neque ullamcorper orci, in sagittis nunc urna eu tortor. Sed fermentum turpis nec diam volutpat iaculis. Morbi volutpat vulputate risus vel tempor. Donec tempus mi sit amet orci rhoncus bibendum. Vestibulum nisl purus, sollicitudin nec aliquet vitae, cursus sed dui. Curabitur sed lacus nec leo ultricies porttitor porta quis orci. Etiam et lorem arcu. Integer quis ante vitae felis aliquam lobortis nec porta nisl. Proin congue leo pellentesque libero rhoncus posuere. Aenean aliquet turpis in metus commodo sed pellentesque dui posuere! Mauris sapien risus, lobortis vitae dictum a, suscipit at ante.

Pellentesque et leo nunc, vel dignissim ipsum. Aliquam ac arcu eu nisl ullamcorper tempor? Suspendisse elementum feugiat leo, sed convallis leo mollis ac. Curabitur eget erat libero, non vestibulum sem. Morbi non pulvinar purus! Pellentesque pulvinar sem id turpis tempor eget laoreet libero vestibulum. Ut ullamcorper aliquet tincidunt! Suspendisse in dui nec augue adipiscing cursus sit amet eget est. Suspendisse potenti. Proin at odio sed lorem pellentesque placerat. Mauris ornare lectus a leo pellentesque congue. Integer laoreet est quis elit scelerisque facilisis. In a libero est, quis porttitor purus. Suspendisse gravida, mi id luctus fermentum, dui sem gravida augue, ut mattis libero nisl eget magna. Ut ut risus vitae nisl pulvinar mollis sed eget metus. Curabitur quis ipsum in neque dictum dignissim sit amet in dolor. Nulla facilisi. Sed bibendum, neque vel vulputate scelerisque, metus orci imperdiet mi, commodo tempus elit tellus id urna. Suspendisse potenti.

Nunc nisl lectus, euismod ac dictum nec, rutrum in elit. Vestibulum sit amet eros turpis. Nulla facilisi. Vivamus mi sem, iaculis et consectetur non, sagittis quis libero. Sed condimentum neque non nulla sodales eu lacinia turpis ornare. Proin a erat sapien. Morbi a odio a ipsum blandit dictum id ac eros. Proin tincidunt venenatis ornare. Vestibulum vitae mi quis mauris elementum interdum. Suspendisse vehicula nisi cursus metus pharetra tincidunt! Nullam dictum leo in libero rhoncus mattis. Mauris nunc libero, volutpat ac imperdiet eget, pretium vel sapien. Sed sollicitudin dapibus augue, sit amet ullamcorper dui eleifend nec. Aliquam et euismod lectus. Donec aliquam nisl id nulla porta vestibulum.

Nam ornare turpis at augue. Phasellus pellentesque, arcu ut tempor vulputate, lorem urna tristique orci, id euismod justo mauris eget risus. Suspendisse potenti. Maecenas pharetra lacinia nunc. Nunc molestie. Morbi arcu risus, pellentesque in, varius et, suscipit eget, nibh.

Leigh Anthony DEHANEY, © 2005

www.facebook.com/pages/Leigh-Anthony-Dehaney/16261109279

(above)

Praha

Česká Republika

This was a year that started a change in me I think.. I had about 3 "world" trips lines up with various friends at the time, all of which were scaled back and then eventually canceled.. I can't explain why, but just on a feeling I decided to go where *I* would go (even if it meant doing it by myself). At the time, it was one of scariest things I'd done. Now, I think to myself "Why'd I wait so long? Just imagine if I'd pulled of the band-aids 20 years earlier".

* The Year of the Volunteer by the UK government

* The World Year of Physics

* The International Year of the Eucharist in Catholicism.

* The Year of Cork City as European Capital of Culture.

* The Year of the Veteran in Canada.

* The Year of the Rooster (by the Chinese calendar).

* The Year of Discovery

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Love Vashikaran Specialist Baba Ji In Bangalore Bengaluru Mangalore Mysure Hubli Bhadravati Vijayapura Belgaum Hyderabad Warangal Nizamabad Chennai Kochi Malegaon Jalgaon Ahmednagar Latur Dhule Amravati Akola Bhavnagar Love Marriage Specialist In Surat Ahmedabad Vadodara Rajkot Gandhinagar Gandhidham Morbi Bhuj Yamunanagar Bhiwani Bahadurgarh Ambala Rewari Karnal Hisar Sirsa Panchkula

2015 Aug 3 - Morbi, Gujarat - walkway around the old palace

Taken at Latitude/Longitude:22.814865/70.836582. km (Map link)

Photographer: Weinem Heinrich, address: Üllöi út 7, Pest

Date: 1871

Location: Pest, Hungary

The portrayed: Dr. Davida Sándor (~1814-1876), Hungarian pysician of Galician origin; ended his medical studies with a dissertatio "Generali de morbis infantum" , publishe in Buda in 1840 hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davida_S%C3%A1ndor ; burried in Boldog; from a memorial table placed on the cemetery chapel there, we may find that after 1848-1849, he was the personal doctor of Táncsis Mihály (his death year on the table was wrong 1867 instead 1876 - this photo is from 1871 and all other sources mention 1876 as his death year).

N.B. He was the uncle of Davida Sándor, Davida Leo and (probably) Davida Miklos, all three Hungarian doctors whose photos I am going to upload soon.

Format: CDV

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Sultan Qutb-ud-din Aibak also called "Lakh Baksh Sultan" (the donator of hundreds of thousands) (Urdu: قطب الدین ایبک) (Qutb-ud-din meaning "Axis of the Faith") was the first Muslim Emperor of India who ruled from his capital in Delhi where he built Qutub Minar and the Quwwat Al Islam mosque[1]. He was a Turkish warrior by descendency, Turkic ruler, the first Sultan of Delhi and founder of the Slave dynasty (also known as the Ghulam dynasty) of India. He ruled as an emperor for only four years, from 1206 to 1210 but because of his super efficient administration and farsighted vision[citation needed], his name has become inseparable from the history of South Asia. Though he ruled for only four years, he was able to furnish stable law and administrative system in the country, started many constructive projects and tried the best possible alternatives for the wellbeing of his subjects. Although he was a strict follower of Sunni Islam and his forces were aggressive against the native Hindu population at the time of their victorious arrival, he exercised considerable tolerance towards the local Hindu, Jain and Buddhist population after he became the emperor of the newly born sultanate. In the architectural field, his biggest contribution is the famous Qutub Minar in New Delhi which he constructed to mark two of the historical events of India. Firstly to announce about the military and official arrival of his faith Islam in the Indian Subcontinent and secondly to announce about their triumphant victory over the Rajput forces whom they defeated in a huge battle before arrival. He was also popularly called the "Lakh Annadata" (the giver of thousands of grains) or "Lakh Baksh Sultan" because of his generous and donative nature. He was also a very prolific and refined player of the game of polo. He died while playing the same game at Lahore.[2]Qutbuddin was born somewhere in Central Asia; he was of Turkic descent.[3][4] While still a child he was captured and sold as a slave (ghulam). He was purchased by the chief Qazi of Nishapur, a town in the province of Khorasan in northeastern Iran. The Qazi treated him like one of his own sons, and Aibak received a very good education in all the major subjects, was a very brave warrior and an appreciable ruler and intelligent in languages including fluency in Persian and Arabic[5] and training in archery and horsemanship. When his master died, his master's sons, who were jealous of Aibak, sold him to a slave merchant. Aibak was, then, finally purchased by the great General Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghauri, then governor of GhazniStarting with his native Ghor, an Aimak principality, Shahabuddin Ghauri proved to be a distiguished personality of the history and managed to establish control over most of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India. Under his command, Qutbuddin sacked Delhi in 1193 after the victory in the Battle of Terrain.[6] As governor of northern India, Aibak was very refined and established the first verifiable Muslim administration through collection of state taxes, establishing the rule of law, equitable distribution of land and revenues to the nobles under his charge, and governance based on a mixture of locally elected representation through Mashura courts and nominated administrators on every rank to ensure the good working of the government.

Qutbuddin rose through the ranks to become the Emperor Muhammad Ghauri's most trusted general. His greatest military successes occurred while he was directly under Ghauri's guidance and leadership. Qutb was responsible for executing and consolidating Ghauri's conquests in northern India. He was left in increasingly independent charge of the Indian campaigns and the exaction of levies from the areas in India that were under Sultan Ghauri's conquests, as after 1192 the ambitious Sultan Ghauri concentrated on In 1206, the Emperor Ghauri appointed Qutb-ud-din Aibak as his Naib us Sultanat in India[7] at a grand darbar (reception) at Lahore, which was attended by a large majority of the nobles and dignitaries of his vast empire. It was at this occasion that Ghauri bestowed upon Qutb-ud-din the title of Aibak, meaning "Axis of the FaithMuhammad Ghauri established the first real Muslim state as well as empire in North India. Upon Sultan Ghauri's death in 1206, Qutb, after a brief power struggle, succeeded in establishing himself as ruler of the empire in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India;Shahabuddin Muhammad's Central Asian possessions had been captured by none other than the Mongol warlord, Genghis Khan.The Qutab Minar, now a World Heritage Site in New Delhi, India, was built during his time.

The areas over which Aibak established his rule were those over which he already exercised power as Ghauri's local receiver-general of periodic exactions and levies. He did not attack other kingdoms without any reason and concentrated on the development of the existing empire. Therefore, although his formal tenure as ruler was only four years, Aibak managed to consolidate thoroughly the administrative system that was established by his predecessor and master Shahabuddin Ghauri. This was achieved despite his having to quell powerful rebellions by nobles like Taj-ud-din Ildiz and Nasir-ud-din Qubacha. Qutbuddin ruled his empire initially from the Capital Lahore and later moved the capital to Delhi; he is hence considered the first Muslim ruler of South Asia.

Qutbuddin Aibak was a very refined and inticrate builder. He led the constructions of the security towers, check posts, tax posts and a few of the forts in the most important cities of his empire to avoid plunderings and loots. He also initiated the construction of Delhi's earliest Muslim monuments, the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque and the Qutub Minar. Historical records compiled by Muslim historian Maulana Hakim Saiyid Abdul Hai attest to the iconoclasm of Qutbuddin Aibak. The first mosque built in Delhi[9].These were completed by his successor, Iltutmish. Aibak,was otherwise known as "Lakh Baksh" or "giver of hundred thousands" because of his generous nature. He was thus a pious Muslim, praised by contemporary Muslim clerics for his good and balanced way of living. He also patronized Nizami and Fakh-i-Mudabbir, both of whom dedicated their works to Aibak. Tazul Maasir is a work primarily dealing with Aibak.in machchhu dem in 1979 for over flov to morbi honaret

horseback (polo aka chougan in India), his horse fell and the sultan was impaled on the pommel of his saddle. He was buried near the Anarkali bazaar in Lahore. Aibak's son Aram, died in 1211 CE [2], so Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, another ex-slave and an Sultan Qutbuddin died accidentally in 1210. While he was playing a game of polo on outstanding ruler of Turkic ancestry who was married to Aibak's daughter, succeeded him as Sultan of Delhi.Aibak's tomb is located behind Anarkali Bazaar, Lahore today and is a famous tourist site. In the early 1970s, it was renovated at the orders of the then Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.[10]

Photo André Knoerr, Genève. Reproduction autorisée avec mention de la source.

Utilisation commerciale soumise à autorisation spéciale préalable.

Après avoir servi plusieurs années de bistrot à Morbier (F/Jura) puis ici à La Salle-en-Beaumont (F/Isère), la remorque ex-TPG Genève 327, ex-CGTE Genève motrice Be 4/4 737, ex-VBL Luzern motrice Ce 4/4 107, attend son sort! Le jour de la photo, la buvette était fermée depuis au moins deux ans.

345

HISTORY OF STEPWELLS

Stepwells or Baoli are wells in which the water is reached by steps. They are most commonly found in western India especially Gujarat where over 120 such wells are reported. The origin of the stepwell may be traced to reservoirs of the cities of the Indus Valley Civilization such as Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro. The stepwells were constructed in the south western region of Gujarat around 600 AD. From there they spread north to Rajasthan and subsequently to north and west India. Construction activities accelerated during the 10th to 13th century during the Chaulukya and Vaghela periods. The construction of these stepwells hit its peak during the 11th to 16th century. The Muslim rulers of the 13th to 16th century did not disrupt the culture that was practiced in these stepwells and encouraged the building of stepwells. The wells lost their significance in the 19th century due to introduction of water pumps and pipe-systems.

ANCIENT PERIOD

The stepped well may have originated to ensure water during drought periods. The water is considered sacred from the time of Vedas and the steps to reach the water level in artificially construed reservoirs can be found in the sites of Indus Valley Civilization such as Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro.

2ND-10TH CENTURY

The earliest example of a bath-like pond reached by steps is found at the Uperkot caves in Junagadh. These caves have been dated to the 4th century. Navghan Kuvo, a well with circular staircase, in the vicinity, is another example. It was possibly built in the Western Satrap (200-400 AD) or Maitraka (600-700 AD) period though some place it as late as the 11th century. The nearby Adi Kadi ni Vav is constructed either in the second half of the 10th century or 15th century.

The earliest stepwells are found at Dhank in Rajkot district of Gujarat; they are dated to the pre-Chalukyan period. The nearby Bochavdi stepwell near Bochavdi Nes in Alech hills is slightly earlier than two other stepwells in Dhank. These are the Jhilani stepwell dated to 600 AD and the Manjushri stepwell dated to the early 7th century based on their Saurastra style architecture.

10TH-12TH CENTURY

The stepwell as a form of artistic architecture started during the Chaulukya period. The stepwell situated west of kund of Modhera Sun Temple may belong to the 11th century whereas the mandapa above ground is from the 10th century. The Rani ki vav (the Queen's stepwell) of Patan was constructed around 1050 AD. Ankol Mata stepwell at Davad and Mata Bhavani's Stepwell in Ahmedabad belonged to the third quarter of the 11th century.

Several stepwells are ascribed to Minaldevi, the mother of Chaulukya ruler Jayasimha Siddharaja. The lake in Viramgam and a stepwell in Nadiad are ascribed to her. The Minal stepwell in Balej village in Sabarkantha district is ascribed to her and was built in 1095 AD (Samvat 1152). Another Minaldevi Vav in Virpur in Rajkot district is also ascribed to her and has stylistic affinities to Chaulukya architecture. Asapuri stepwell of Ahmedabad and the stepwell of Jhinjhuwada are of the 12th century. The Chaumukhi stepwell of Chobari in Surendranagar district depicts religious figures similar to nearby temples. the two stepwells in Kaleshwari-Ni Nal near Lunawada resemble Rani ki Vav in iconography so they may belong to the end of the 10th century. The stepwell in Dhandhalpur is ascribed to Jayasimha Siddharaja. During the reign of Kumarapala in the 12th century, several stepwells were constructed. The stepwell at Vayad near Patan was built during this time. Ganga stepwell at Wadhwan has been dated to 1169 AD (Samvat 1225).

During the later years of the Chaulukya period, construction slowed down due to political unrest. The Vikia and Jetha stepwells near Navlakha Temple, Ghumli near the Barda hills belonged to the 13th century. The Gyan stepwell near Visavada village in the Barda hills is ascribed to the time of Bhima II. The ruined stepwell of nearby Keshav village is of the same period.

12TH-13TH CENTURY

The Ra Khengar stepwell between Vanthali and Junagadh is stated to be constructed by Tejpal of the Vastupal-Tejpal, the brother-ministers in Vaghela court. It belongs to the early Vaghela period. Visaldev of Vaghela dynasty built the stepwell along with gates and temples at Dabhoi, completed in 1255. The Satmukhi stepwell in Dabhoi is a temple built over a tank with seven wells ascribed to him.

The Madhavav in Wadhwan was built in 1294 AD (Vikram Samvat 1350) by Nagar Brahmin Madha and Keshav, the ministers in court of the last Vaghela ruler Karan Ghelo. The Batris Kotha stepwell in Kapadvanj may have belonged to the 13th century due to its similarity with the Madha and Vikia stepwells.

14TH-15TH CENTURY

A large number of stepwells were constructed in the 14th century. Sodhali stepwell in Mangrol[disambiguation needed] was built in 1319 AD (V. S. 1375) by Vali Sodhala of Modha caste. The stepwell near the Brahma temple of Khedbrahma belonged to the 14th century judged by its style.

The Suda stepwell in Mahuva (1381 AD), Hani stepwell in Dhandhusar (1389/1333 AD) and Siddhnath Mahadev stepwell in Dholka were built during Tughlak rule in Gujarat. The stepwell of Sampa near Ahmedabad was built in 1328 AD. The Rajba stepwell of Rampura near Wadhwan and the Wadhwani stepwell in Khambhat were built in 1483 and 1482 respectively based on the earlier Madha stepwell of Wadhwan. The Dada Harir Stepwell was built in 1499 by the harem lady of Mahmud Begada.

During the Muslim period, the religious aspect of stepwells lost its significance. The stepwell of Sodali village near Mahemdavad and the stepwell in Mahemdavad itself, both of which belonged to the 15th century rule of Mahmud Begada, are its example. The two stepwells found in and around Vadodara are of the 15th century; one is near Sewasi village (V. S. 1537) and the other is the Navalakhi stepwell (1405 AD) of Laxmi Vilas Palace.

The Adalaj Stepwell was constructed by Rudabai in 1499 AD. A nearby stepwell in Chhatral also belongs to the same period.

16TH-18TH CENTURY

The Nagabawa stepwell in Dhrangdhra (1525 AD) and Jiva Mehta stepwell in Morbi are of the same style and period. The stepwell of Roho (1560 AD) was built by Champa, the wife of Raja Shri Nanaji and her daughter. There are also important stepwells in Palanpur and Jhinjhuwada.

Several stepwells are plain in design without any ornamentation which makes it difficult to ascertain their period, but they may belong to the 16th or 17th century. Such stepwells are in Hampur and Idar, as well as the Matri stepwell in Kankavati and Gyaneshwari stepwell in Modhera. The stepwell of Mandva in north Gujarat is similar to that of Mahemdavad so may belong to that period. The Sindhvai Mata stepwell in Patan has an inscription dating to 1633 AD. The Ravli stepwell of Mangrol is of the 17th century. The stepwell in Limboi near Idar has Chaulukya style ornamentation and hs been dated to 1629 AD.

The Amritavarshini Vav in Ahmedabad, completed in 1723, is L-shaped.

19TH-20TH CENTURY

The authorities during the British Raj found the hygiene of the stepwells less than desirable and installed pipe and pump systems to replace their purpose. Jethabhai's Stepwell in Isanpur, Ahmedabad was completed in the 1860s for irrigation. The stepwell of Wankaner palace was built by erstwhile rulers in the 1930s as a cool place of retreat for the royal family. It was built in white sandstone and is the last monument of its kind.

Due to waterpumps and pipe-systems, the stepwells lost their significance and due to economic cost, they were not constructed thereafter.

WIKIPEDIA

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Photo André Knoerr, Genève. Reproduction autorisée avec mention de la source.

Utilisation commerciale soumise à autorisation spéciale préalable.

Après avoir servi plusieurs années de bistrot à Morbier (F/Jura) puis ici à La Salle-en-Beaumont (F/Isère), la remorque ex-TPG Genève 327, ex-CGTE Genève motrice Be 4/4 737, ex-VBL Luzern motrice Ce 4/4 107, attend son sort!

20

Dr. José Ramón González-Juanatey

- Catedrático de Cardiología Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela

- CHUS, Santiago de Compostela

Estudio HPS-2 TRIVE: Diseno, Población, End points y perspectivas de futuro:

Se pretende revisar la situación actual de los objetivos y estrategia terapeútica derivados de la reciente publicación de guías de práctica clínica, así como revisar las características de ensayos clínicos actualmente en marcha que puedan aportarnos nuevos datos para un mejor tratamiento de la dislipemia en pacientes de alto riesgo. En concreto revisaremos las características del estudio HPS2 en el que se valora la eficacia en términos de morbi-mortalidad de la combinación de niacina al tratamiento con simvastatina en pacientes de alto riesgo cardiovascular. Sus resultados sin duda condicionarán la práctica clínica en un futuro próximo.

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Pellentesque et leo nunc, vel dignissim ipsum. Aliquam ac arcu eu nisl ullamcorper tempor? Suspendisse elementum feugiat leo, sed convallis leo mollis ac. Curabitur eget erat libero, non vestibulum sem. Morbi non pulvinar purus! Pellentesque pulvinar sem id turpis tempor eget laoreet libero vestibulum. Ut ullamcorper aliquet tincidunt! Suspendisse in dui nec augue adipiscing cursus sit amet eget est. Suspendisse potenti. Proin at odio sed lorem pellentesque placerat. Mauris ornare lectus a leo pellentesque congue. Integer laoreet est quis elit scelerisque facilisis. In a libero est, quis porttitor purus. Suspendisse gravida, mi id luctus fermentum, dui sem gravida augue, ut mattis libero nisl eget magna. Ut ut risus vitae nisl pulvinar mollis sed eget metus. Curabitur quis ipsum in neque dictum dignissim sit amet in dolor. Nulla facilisi. Sed bibendum, neque vel vulputate scelerisque, metus orci imperdiet mi, commodo tempus elit tellus id urna. Suspendisse potenti.

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2 poireaux / 2 leeks

1 oignon / 1 onion

2 yaourts / 2 yoghurts

Huile d'olive / Olive oil

60 g de beurre / 0,15 pound butter

1 œuf / 1 egg

300 g de farine / 0,65 pound flour

1 sachet de levure / 0,025 pound backing powder

100 g de morbier / 0,25 pound mobier cheese

Sel, poivre / Salt, pepper

Dans une poêle huilée, faire revenir les poireaux et l'oignon émincés pendant 20' environ / In a oiled pan, cook leeks and onion sliced during around 20'.

Dans un cul-de-poule, battre les yaourts, l'œuf et le beurre fondu. Saler, poivrer / In a bowl beat yoghurts, egg and melted butter. Salt and pepper.

Ajouter la farine et la levure, bien mélanger / Add flour and backing powder, mix.

Ajouter la fondue de poireaux et le morbier coupé en dés / Add the leeks and the cheese cut into dices.

Remplir des moules à muffins. Cuire 25' à 180°C / Pour in muffins mould and bake at 355°F

(On peut remplacer le morbier par un autre fromage.... / We can use an other cheese)

Equirectangular panorama built from 10 pictures, shot handheld.

See also its stereographic projection.

Morbi in dui quis est pulvinar ullamcorper. Nulla facilisi. Integer lacinia sollicitudin massa. Cras metus. Sed aliquet risus a tortor. Integer id quam. Morbi mi. Quisque nisl felis, venenatis tristique, dignissim in, ultrices sit amet, augue. Proin sodales libero eget ante. Nulla quam. Aenean laoreet. Vestibulum nisi lectus, commodo ac, facilisis ac, ultricies eu, pede. Ut orci risus, accumsan porttitor, cursus quis, aliquet eget, justo. Sed pretium blandit orci.

The metre-gauge line from Wankaner to Morbi was still steam operated in January 1999.

This is Morbi station, with a morning train for Wankaner, having just arrived from Maliya Miyana at the western end of the line.

HISTORY OF STEPWELLS IN GUJARAT

Stepwells are wells in which the water is reached by steps. They are most commonly found in western India especially Gujarat where over 120 such wells are reported. The origin of the stepwell may be traced to reservoirs of the cities of the Indus Valley Civilization such as Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro. The stepwells were constructed in the south western region of Gujarat around 600 AD. From there they spread north to Rajasthan and subsequently to north and west India. Construction activities accelerated during the 10th to 13th century during the Chaulukya and Vaghela periods. The construction of these stepwells hit its peak during the 11th to 16th century. The Muslim rulers of the 13th to 16th century did not disrupt the culture that was practiced in these stepwells and encouraged the building of stepwells. The wells lost their significance in the 19th century due to introduction of water pumps and pipe-systems.

ANCIENT PERIOD

The stepped well may have originated to ensure water during drought periods. The water is considered sacred from the time of Vedas and the steps to reach the water level in artificially construed reservoirs can be found in the sites of Indus Valley Civilization such as Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro.

2ND-10TH CENTURY

The earliest example of a bath-like pond reached by steps is found at the Uperkot caves in Junagadh. These caves have been dated to the 4th century. Navghan Kuvo, a well with circular staircase, in the vicinity, is another example. It was possibly built in the Western Satrap (200-400 AD) or Maitraka (600-700 AD) period though some place it as late as the 11th century. The nearby Adi Kadi ni Vav is constructed either in the second half of the 10th century or 15th century.

The earliest stepwells are found at Dhank in Rajkot district of Gujarat; they are dated to the pre-Chalukyan period. The nearby Bochavdi stepwell near Bochavdi Nes in Alech hills is slightly earlier than two other stepwells in Dhank. These are the Jhilani stepwell dated to 600 AD and the Manjushri stepwell dated to the early 7th century based on their Saurastra style architecture.

10TH-12TH CENTURY

The stepwell as a form of artistic architecture started during the Chaulukya period. The stepwell situated west of kund of Modhera Sun Temple may belong to the 11th century whereas the mandapa above ground is from the 10th century. The Rani ki vav (the Queen's stepwell) of Patan was constructed around 1050 AD. Ankol Mata stepwell at Davad and Mata Bhavani's Stepwell in Ahmedabad belonged to the third quarter of the 11th century.

Several stepwells are ascribed to Minaldevi, the mother of Chaulukya ruler Jayasimha Siddharaja. The lake in Viramgam and a stepwell in Nadiad are ascribed to her. The Minal stepwell in Balej village in Sabarkantha district is ascribed to her and was built in 1095 AD (Samvat 1152). Another Minaldevi Vav in Virpur in Rajkot district is also ascribed to her and has stylistic affinities to Chaulukya architecture. Asapuri stepwell of Ahmedabad and the stepwell of Jhinjhuwada are of the 12th century. The Chaumukhi stepwell of Chobari in Surendranagar district depicts religious figures similar to nearby temples. the two stepwells in Kaleshwari-Ni Nal near Lunawada resemble Rani ki Vav in iconography so they may belong to the end of the 10th century. The stepwell in Dhandhalpur is ascribed to Jayasimha Siddharaja. During the reign of Kumarapala in the 12th century, several stepwells were constructed. The stepwell at Vayad near Patan was built during this time. Ganga stepwell at Wadhwan has been dated to 1169 AD (Samvat 1225).

During the later years of the Chaulukya period, construction slowed down due to political unrest. The Vikia and Jetha stepwells near Navlakha Temple, Ghumli near the Barda hills belonged to the 13th century. The Gyan stepwell near Visavada village in the Barda hills is ascribed to the time of Bhima II. The ruined stepwell of nearby Keshav village is of the same period.

12TH-13TH CENTURY

The Ra Khengar stepwell between Vanthali and Junagadh is stated to be constructed by Tejpal of the Vastupal-Tejpal, the brother-ministers in Vaghela court. It belongs to the early Vaghela period. Visaldev of Vaghela dynasty built the stepwell along with gates and temples at Dabhoi, completed in 1255. The Satmukhi stepwell in Dabhoi is a temple built over a tank with seven wells ascribed to him.

The Madhavav in Wadhwan was built in 1294 AD (Vikram Samvat 1350) by Nagar Brahmin Madha and Keshav, the ministers in court of the last Vaghela ruler Karan Ghelo. The Batris Kotha stepwell in Kapadvanj may have belonged to the 13th century due to its similarity with the Madha and Vikia stepwells.

14TH-15TH CENTURY

A large number of stepwells were constructed in the 14th century. Sodhali stepwell in Mangrol[disambiguation needed] was built in 1319 AD (V. S. 1375) by Vali Sodhala of Modha caste. The stepwell near the Brahma temple of Khedbrahma belonged to the 14th century judged by its style.

The Suda stepwell in Mahuva (1381 AD), Hani stepwell in Dhandhusar (1389/1333 AD) and Siddhnath Mahadev stepwell in Dholka were built during Tughlak rule in Gujarat. The stepwell of Sampa near Ahmedabad was built in 1328 AD. The Rajba stepwell of Rampura near Wadhwan and the Wadhwani stepwell in Khambhat were built in 1483 and 1482 respectively based on the earlier Madha stepwell of Wadhwan. The Dada Harir Stepwell was built in 1499 by the harem lady of Mahmud Begada.

During the Muslim period, the religious aspect of stepwells lost its significance. The stepwell of Sodali village near Mahemdavad and the stepwell in Mahemdavad itself, both of which belonged to the 15th century rule of Mahmud Begada, are its example. The two stepwells found in and around Vadodara are of the 15th century; one is near Sewasi village (V. S. 1537) and the other is the Navalakhi stepwell (1405 AD) of Laxmi Vilas Palace.

The Adalaj Stepwell was constructed by Rudabai in 1499 AD. A nearby stepwell in Chhatral also belongs to the same period.

16TH-18TH CENTURY

The Nagabawa stepwell in Dhrangdhra (1525 AD) and Jiva Mehta stepwell in Morbi are of the same style and period. The stepwell of Roho (1560 AD) was built by Champa, the wife of Raja Shri Nanaji and her daughter. There are also important stepwells in Palanpur and Jhinjhuwada.

Several stepwells are plain in design without any ornamentation which makes it difficult to ascertain their period, but they may belong to the 16th or 17th century. Such stepwells are in Hampur and Idar, as well as the Matri stepwell in Kankavati and Gyaneshwari stepwell in Modhera. The stepwell of Mandva in north Gujarat is similar to that of Mahemdavad so may belong to that period. The Sindhvai Mata stepwell in Patan has an inscription dating to 1633 AD. The Ravli stepwell of Mangrol is of the 17th century. The stepwell in Limboi near Idar has Chaulukya style ornamentation and hs been dated to 1629 AD.

The Amritavarshini Vav in Ahmedabad, completed in 1723, is L-shaped.

19TH-20TH CENTURY

The authorities during the British Raj found the hygiene of the stepwells less than desirable and installed pipe and pump systems to replace their purpose. Jethabhai's Stepwell in Isanpur, Ahmedabad was completed in the 1860s for irrigation. The stepwell of Wankaner palace was built by erstwhile rulers in the 1930s as a cool place of retreat for the royal family. It was built in white sandstone and is the last monument of its kind.

Due to waterpumps and pipe-systems, the stepwells lost their significance and due to economic cost, they were not constructed thereafter.

WIKIPEDIA

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Herkese merhaba. ile ilgili Yazımızda detaylı bilgiler vermeye çalışacagım. geciktiricispreyecza.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/coffe... Hippocrates said, “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” Just about every nutrition-related professional I know has that quote displayed somewhere in their office, probably to convince reluctant patients that a really smart guy a really long time ago predicted that food could actually heal the body.

Nullam condimentum vel sem sit amet suscipit. Morbi quam metus, aliquam tincidunt lacinia luctus, ornare ut tellus.

When most people read this quote, they are envisioning lots of plants, lots of whole grains, and yes, what my patients call “cardboard” — food that’s good for our bodies but not our taste buds (taste buds can be trained, by the way, to enjoy foods you never thought you would).

But I bet no one is envisioning a huge cup of Joe, are they? The fact is, due to its worldwide popularity, coffee is probably the greatest source of antioxidants in the global diet. And while having lots of it isn’t recommended for everyone, for some of us, it may just be the super food of the century.

It may lower your risk of death.

It helps make your reproductive systems happy.

It can help lower your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

It helps protect your brain.

bundan önce yazımızı yayınladıgımız blog adresi kaynak WOULD YOU LIKE A CUP OF COFFEE?

Herkese merhaba. ile ilgili Yazımızda detaylı bilgiler vermeye çalışacagım. geciktiricispreyecza.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/banne... Hippocrates said, “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” Just about every nutrition-related professional I know has that quote displayed somewhere in their office, probably to convince reluctant patients that a really smart guy a really long time ago predicted that food could actually heal the body.

Nullam condimentum vel sem sit amet suscipit. Morbi quam metus, aliquam tincidunt lacinia luctus, ornare ut tellus.

When most people read this quote, they are envisioning lots of plants, lots of whole grains, and yes, what my patients call “cardboard” — food that’s good for our bodies but not our taste buds (taste buds can be trained, by the way, to enjoy foods you never thought you would).

But I bet no one is envisioning a huge cup of Joe, are they? The fact is, due to its worldwide popularity, coffee is probably the greatest source of antioxidants in the global diet. And while having lots of it isn’t recommended for everyone, for some of us, it may just be the super food of the century.

It may lower your risk of death.

It helps make your reproductive systems happy.

It can help lower your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

It helps protect your brain.

bundan önce yazımızı yayınladıgımız blog adresi kaynak THE HAPPIEST DAY IN YOUR LIFE

In the second part of his life Fludd becomes interested in the weatherglass as instrument to metaphorically illustrate his philosophy. Here we can see the barometer applied to the diseases of the body. (MC I.ii, p. 55)

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HISTORY OF STEPWELLS

Stepwells or Baoli are wells in which the water is reached by steps. They are most commonly found in western India especially Gujarat where over 120 such wells are reported. The origin of the stepwell may be traced to reservoirs of the cities of the Indus Valley Civilization such as Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro. The stepwells were constructed in the south western region of Gujarat around 600 AD. From there they spread north to Rajasthan and subsequently to north and west India. Construction activities accelerated during the 10th to 13th century during the Chaulukya and Vaghela periods. The construction of these stepwells hit its peak during the 11th to 16th century. The Muslim rulers of the 13th to 16th century did not disrupt the culture that was practiced in these stepwells and encouraged the building of stepwells. The wells lost their significance in the 19th century due to introduction of water pumps and pipe-systems.

ANCIENT PERIOD

The stepped well may have originated to ensure water during drought periods. The water is considered sacred from the time of Vedas and the steps to reach the water level in artificially construed reservoirs can be found in the sites of Indus Valley Civilization such as Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro.

2ND-10TH CENTURY

The earliest example of a bath-like pond reached by steps is found at the Uperkot caves in Junagadh. These caves have been dated to the 4th century. Navghan Kuvo, a well with circular staircase, in the vicinity, is another example. It was possibly built in the Western Satrap (200-400 AD) or Maitraka (600-700 AD) period though some place it as late as the 11th century. The nearby Adi Kadi ni Vav is constructed either in the second half of the 10th century or 15th century.

The earliest stepwells are found at Dhank in Rajkot district of Gujarat; they are dated to the pre-Chalukyan period. The nearby Bochavdi stepwell near Bochavdi Nes in Alech hills is slightly earlier than two other stepwells in Dhank. These are the Jhilani stepwell dated to 600 AD and the Manjushri stepwell dated to the early 7th century based on their Saurastra style architecture.

10TH-12TH CENTURY

The stepwell as a form of artistic architecture started during the Chaulukya period. The stepwell situated west of kund of Modhera Sun Temple may belong to the 11th century whereas the mandapa above ground is from the 10th century. The Rani ki vav (the Queen's stepwell) of Patan was constructed around 1050 AD. Ankol Mata stepwell at Davad and Mata Bhavani's Stepwell in Ahmedabad belonged to the third quarter of the 11th century.

Several stepwells are ascribed to Minaldevi, the mother of Chaulukya ruler Jayasimha Siddharaja. The lake in Viramgam and a stepwell in Nadiad are ascribed to her. The Minal stepwell in Balej village in Sabarkantha district is ascribed to her and was built in 1095 AD (Samvat 1152). Another Minaldevi Vav in Virpur in Rajkot district is also ascribed to her and has stylistic affinities to Chaulukya architecture. Asapuri stepwell of Ahmedabad and the stepwell of Jhinjhuwada are of the 12th century. The Chaumukhi stepwell of Chobari in Surendranagar district depicts religious figures similar to nearby temples. the two stepwells in Kaleshwari-Ni Nal near Lunawada resemble Rani ki Vav in iconography so they may belong to the end of the 10th century. The stepwell in Dhandhalpur is ascribed to Jayasimha Siddharaja. During the reign of Kumarapala in the 12th century, several stepwells were constructed. The stepwell at Vayad near Patan was built during this time. Ganga stepwell at Wadhwan has been dated to 1169 AD (Samvat 1225).

During the later years of the Chaulukya period, construction slowed down due to political unrest. The Vikia and Jetha stepwells near Navlakha Temple, Ghumli near the Barda hills belonged to the 13th century. The Gyan stepwell near Visavada village in the Barda hills is ascribed to the time of Bhima II. The ruined stepwell of nearby Keshav village is of the same period.

12TH-13TH CENTURY

The Ra Khengar stepwell between Vanthali and Junagadh is stated to be constructed by Tejpal of the Vastupal-Tejpal, the brother-ministers in Vaghela court. It belongs to the early Vaghela period. Visaldev of Vaghela dynasty built the stepwell along with gates and temples at Dabhoi, completed in 1255. The Satmukhi stepwell in Dabhoi is a temple built over a tank with seven wells ascribed to him.

The Madhavav in Wadhwan was built in 1294 AD (Vikram Samvat 1350) by Nagar Brahmin Madha and Keshav, the ministers in court of the last Vaghela ruler Karan Ghelo. The Batris Kotha stepwell in Kapadvanj may have belonged to the 13th century due to its similarity with the Madha and Vikia stepwells.

14TH-15TH CENTURY

A large number of stepwells were constructed in the 14th century. Sodhali stepwell in Mangrol[disambiguation needed] was built in 1319 AD (V. S. 1375) by Vali Sodhala of Modha caste. The stepwell near the Brahma temple of Khedbrahma belonged to the 14th century judged by its style.

The Suda stepwell in Mahuva (1381 AD), Hani stepwell in Dhandhusar (1389/1333 AD) and Siddhnath Mahadev stepwell in Dholka were built during Tughlak rule in Gujarat. The stepwell of Sampa near Ahmedabad was built in 1328 AD. The Rajba stepwell of Rampura near Wadhwan and the Wadhwani stepwell in Khambhat were built in 1483 and 1482 respectively based on the earlier Madha stepwell of Wadhwan. The Dada Harir Stepwell was built in 1499 by the harem lady of Mahmud Begada.

During the Muslim period, the religious aspect of stepwells lost its significance. The stepwell of Sodali village near Mahemdavad and the stepwell in Mahemdavad itself, both of which belonged to the 15th century rule of Mahmud Begada, are its example. The two stepwells found in and around Vadodara are of the 15th century; one is near Sewasi village (V. S. 1537) and the other is the Navalakhi stepwell (1405 AD) of Laxmi Vilas Palace.

The Adalaj Stepwell was constructed by Rudabai in 1499 AD. A nearby stepwell in Chhatral also belongs to the same period.

16TH-18TH CENTURY

The Nagabawa stepwell in Dhrangdhra (1525 AD) and Jiva Mehta stepwell in Morbi are of the same style and period. The stepwell of Roho (1560 AD) was built by Champa, the wife of Raja Shri Nanaji and her daughter. There are also important stepwells in Palanpur and Jhinjhuwada.

Several stepwells are plain in design without any ornamentation which makes it difficult to ascertain their period, but they may belong to the 16th or 17th century. Such stepwells are in Hampur and Idar, as well as the Matri stepwell in Kankavati and Gyaneshwari stepwell in Modhera. The stepwell of Mandva in north Gujarat is similar to that of Mahemdavad so may belong to that period. The Sindhvai Mata stepwell in Patan has an inscription dating to 1633 AD. The Ravli stepwell of Mangrol is of the 17th century. The stepwell in Limboi near Idar has Chaulukya style ornamentation and hs been dated to 1629 AD.

The Amritavarshini Vav in Ahmedabad, completed in 1723, is L-shaped.

19TH-20TH CENTURY

The authorities during the British Raj found the hygiene of the stepwells less than desirable and installed pipe and pump systems to replace their purpose. Jethabhai's Stepwell in Isanpur, Ahmedabad was completed in the 1860s for irrigation. The stepwell of Wankaner palace was built by erstwhile rulers in the 1930s as a cool place of retreat for the royal family. It was built in white sandstone and is the last monument of its kind.

Due to waterpumps and pipe-systems, the stepwells lost their significance and due to economic cost, they were not constructed thereafter.

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