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Fountain Paint Pot trail, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
Map (link):
[ www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=https://4.bp.blogspot.com/... and Spasm Geysers, Fountain Paint Pot trail, Yellowstone National Park images&ved=0ahUKEwjkgubQv8XeAhUC3Y8KHaFRCQ8QMwhNKBowGg&iact=mrc&uact=8 ]
This part of Lower Geyser Basin seen from a half-mile trail has all four of the hydrothermal features found in the park:
Clepsydra Geyser is a geyser in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. Clepsydra plays nearly continuously to heights of 45 feet. The name Clepsydra is derived from the Greek word for water clock. Prior to the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, it erupted regularly every three minutes.
Yellowstone National Park has several hydrothermal areas, so what makes the Fountain Paint Pot Area worth visiting? For starters, this part of Lower Geyser Basin has all four of the hydrothermal features found in the park (mudpots, geysers, hot springs, and fumaroles) and you can see them all from a compact half-mile long boardwalk loop. While none of the many Fountain Paint Pot Area geysers are as famous as Old Faithful, they erupt so frequently that you are almost guaranteed a great show on your short hike. Since the walkway passes all four of Yellowstone’s hydrothermal formations, the hike comes with a guaranteed lesson in hydrothermal volcanism.
Hiking the loop in a clockwise direction, you will first pass through a forest of lodgepole pine snags that were drowned and left lifeless by the surrounding hot springs. As you approach the northwest end of the loop, you will spot a lively collection of geysers. Clepsydra Geyser, Fountain Geyser, Jelly Geyser, Jet Geyser, Morning Geyser, Spasm Geyser, and Twig Geyser erupt with various levels of regularity.
As you progress around the walkway toward the northeast corner, you will pass Red Spouter, which behaves like a fumarole, a hot spring, and a mudpot throughout the year. It is like a hot spring in the winter, a muddy reddish pool in the spring and a steaming fumarole in the drier summer and fall. Wrapping down the east side of the boardwalk, you will pass Leather Pool and a slope of fumaroles. These gaps in the surface whistle and hiss as gasses and steam escape from the ground. Just below the fumaroles, where a little more water is present, the trail circles Fountain Paint Pot. These mudpots bubble and pop as globs of mud springs from the surface like miniature trapeze artists.
Continuing downhill, the hydrothermal features become even wetter as you arrive at Silex Spring. Look down into the small blue pool rimmed with white silica. Water spills over the sides of the spring creating an orange-colored surface covered in rippling runoff. These colors are created by thermophiles, heat-loving microorganisms that live in Yellowstone’s hot springs.
( www.hikespeak.com/trails/fountain-paint-pot-trail-yellows... )
Geothermal features of Yellowstone NP- A brief note:
There are four geothermal features found in the park – Hot springs, Geysers, Fumaroles , and Mud volcanoes/pots.
What is a Hot spring?
Hot spring, also called thermal spring, spring with water at temperatures substantially higher than the air temperature of the surrounding region. Most hot springs discharge groundwater that is heated by shallow intrusions of magma (molten rock) in volcanic areas.
Some thermal springs, however, are not related to volcanic activity. In general, the temperature of rocks within the earth increases with depth. The rate of temperature increase with depth is known as the geothermal gradient. In such cases, the water is heated by convective circulation: groundwater percolating downward reaches depths of a kilometre or more where the temperature of rocks is high because of the normal temperature gradient of the Earth’s crust—about 30 °C / kilometer in the first 10 km. The water from hot springs in non-volcanic areas is heated in this manner.
But in active volcanic zones such as Yellowstone National Park, water may be heated by coming into contact with magma (molten rock). The high temperature gradient near magma may cause water to be heated enough that it boils or becomes superheated. If the water becomes so hot that it builds steam pressure and erupts in a jet above the surface of the Earth, it is called a geyser.
[ Warm springs are sometimes the result of hot and cold springs mixing. They may occur within a volcanic area or outside of one. One example of a non-volcanic warm spring is Warm Springs, Georgia (frequented for its therapeutic effects by paraplegic U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who built the Little White House there) ].
List of hot springs:
[ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hot_springs ]
The science of colors of a hot spring:
[ ttps://www.britannica.com/science/hot-spring]
Many of the colours in hot springs are caused by thermophilic (heat-loving) microorganisms, which include certain types of bacteria, such as cyanobacteria, and species of archaea and algae. Many thermophilic organisms grow in huge colonies called mats that form the colourful scums and slimes on the sides of hot springs. The microorganisms that grow in hot springs derive their energy from various chemicals and metals; potential energy sources include molecular hydrogen, dissolved sulfides, methane, iron, ammonia, and arsenic. In addition to geochemistry, the temperature and pH of hot springs play a central role in determining which organisms inhabit them.
Examples of thermophilic microorganisms found in hot springs include bacteria in the genera Sulfolobus, which can grow at temperatures of up to 90 °C (194 °F), Hydrogenobacter, which grow optimally at temperatures of 85 °C (185 °F), and Thermocrinis, which grow optimally at temperatures of 80 °C (176 °F). Thermophilic algae in hot springs are most abundant at temperatures of 55 °C (131 °F) or below.
What is a Geyser?
A geyser is formed when water collecting below the surface is heated by a magma source. When the water boils, it rises to the surface. If the water has an unobstructed path, it will pool on the surface in the form of a steaming hot springs. If the passage of the water is imposed upon, the pressure will increase. When the pressure becomes too great, the water converts into to steam. Steam takes up 1,500 times the volume of water, and at this point, the pressure becomes so intense that the steam and surrounding water droplets shoot out of the ground in geyser form, erupting until the pressure has abated and the process starts all over again.
What is a fumarole?
It’s a vent in the Earth’s surface from which steam and volcanic gases are emitted. The major source of the water vapour emitted by fumaroles is groundwater heated by bodies of magma lying relatively close to the surface. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide are usually emitted directly from the magma. Fumaroles are often present on active volcanoes during periods of relative quiet between eruptions.
Fumaroles are closely related to hot springs and geysers. In areas where the water table rises near the surface, fumaroles can become hot springs. A fumarole rich in sulfur gases is called a solfatara; a fumarole rich in carbon dioxide is called a mofette. If the hot water of a spring only reaches the surface in the form of steam, it is called a fumarole. [ www.britannica.com/science/fumarole ]
What is a mud volcano/ mud pot/ paint pot?
Usually mud volcanoes are created by hot-spring activity where large amounts of gas and small amounts of water react chemically with the surrounding rocks and form a boiling mud.
Geo-chemistry of mud volcano: Hydrogen sulfide gas rising from magma chamber, as in Yellowstone’s, causes the rotten-egg smell. Microorganisms, or thermophiles, use this gas as a source of energy, and then help turn the gas into sulfuric acid. The acid then breaks down the rocks and soil into mud. Many of the colors seen are vast communities of thermophiles, but some of the yellow is pure sulfur. When iron mixes with sulfur to form iron sulfide, gray and black swirls sometimes appear in the mud (From description of the display board in the park).
If the water of a hot spring is mixed with mud and clay, it is called a mud pot. Variations are the porridge pot (a basin of boiling mud that erodes chunks of the surrounding rock) and the paint pot (a basin of boiling mud that is tinted yellow, green, or blue by minerals from the surrounding rocks).
There are other mud volcanoes, entirely of a nonigneous origin, occur only in oil-field regions that are relatively young and have soft, unconsolidated formations.
Sources: [ www.britannica.com/science/mud-volcano ], and display boards of the YNP.
A quick overview of YNP
Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Approximately 96 percent of the land area of Yellowstone National Park is located within the state of Wyoming. The Park spans an area of 8,983 km2 comprising lakes, canyons, rivers and mountain ranges. The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features. It has many types of ecosystems, but the subalpine forest is the most abundant. It is part of the South Central Rockies forests eco-region.
It was established by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone was the first national park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world. Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years. Aside from visits by mountain -men during the early to mid-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s.
The park contains the headwaters of the Yellowstone River, from which it takes its historical name. Although it is commonly believed that the river was named for the yellow rocks seen in the ‘Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone’, the Native American name source is unclear.
Yellowstone Lake is one of the largest high-elevation lakes in North America and is centered over the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest supervolcano on the continent. The caldera is considered as an active volcano. It has erupted with tremendous force several times in the last two million year. The Yellowstone Caldera is the largest volcanic system in North America. It has been termed a "supervolcano" because the caldera was formed by exceptionally large explosive eruptions. The magma chamber that lies under Yellowstone is estimated to be a single connected chamber, about 60 km long, 29 km wide, and 5 to 12 km deep. Yellowstone Lake is up to 400 feet deep and has 180 km of shoreline.The lake is at an elevation of 7,733 feet above sea levels. Half of the world's geysers and hydrothermal features are there in Yellowstone, fueled by this ongoing volcanism. Lava and rocks from volcanic eruptions cover most of the land area of Yellowstone. The park is the centerpiece of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest remaining nearly-intact ecosystem in the Earth's northern temperate zone. In 1978, Yellowstone was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
In May 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey, Yellowstone National Park, and the University of Utah created the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO), a partnership for long-term monitoring of the geological processes of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field, for disseminating information concerning the potential hazards of this geologically active region.
Hundreds of species of mammals, birds, fish, and reptiles have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. The vast forests and grasslands also include unique species of plants. Yellowstone Park is the largest and most famous mega fauna location in the contiguous United States. Grizzly bears, wolves, and free-ranging herds of bison and elk live in this park. The Yellowstone Park bison herd is the oldest and largest public bison herd in the United States.
Forest fires occur in the park each year. In the largest forest fires of 1988, nearly one third of the park was burnt.
Yellowstone has numerous recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping, boating, fishing and sightseeing. Paved roads provide close access to the major geothermal areas as well as some of the lakes and waterfalls. During the winter, visitors often access the park by way of guided tours that use either snow coaches or snowmobiles.
Fire in Yellowstone NP:
Causes of wildfire in Yellowstone NP
Wildfire has had a role in the dynamics of Yellowstone’s ecosystems for thousands of years. Although many fires were caused by human activities, most ignitions were natural. The term "natural ignition" usually refers to a lightning strike. Afternoon thunderstorms occur frequently in the northern Rocky Mountains but release little precipitation, a condition known as ‘dry lightning’. In a typical season there are thousands of lightning strikes in Yellowstone. Lightning strikes are powerful enough to rip strips of bark off of a tree in a shower of sparks and blow the pieces up to 100 feet away. However, most lightning strikes do not result in a wildfire because fuels are not in a combustible state.
The great fire incidence of 1988
The Yellowstone fires of 1988 collectively formed the largest wildfire in the recorded history of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Starting as many smaller individual fires, the flames quickly spread out of control due to drought conditions and increasing winds, combining into one large conflagration which burned for several months. The fires almost destroyed two major visitor destinations and, on September 8, 1988, the entire park closed to all non-emergency personnel for the first time in its history. Only the arrival of cool and moist weather in the late autumn brought the fires to an end. A total of 793,880 acres, or 36 percent of the park was affected by the wildfires.
Fire incidence, 2016
As of September 21, 2016, 22 fires (human and lightning-caused) have burned more than 62,000 acres in Yellowstone National Park, making it the highest number of acres burned since the historic 1988 fire.
Heritage and Research Center
The Heritage and Research Center is located at Gardiner, Montana, near the north entrance to the park. The center is home to the Yellowstone National Park's museum collection, archives, research library, historian, archeology lab, and herbarium. The Yellowstone National Park Archives maintain collections of historical records of Yellowstone and the National Park Service. The collection includes the administrative records of Yellowstone, as well as resource management records, records from major projects, and donated manuscripts and personal papers. The archives are affiliated with the National Archives and Records Administration.
Malayan Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator), Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Singapore.
Taken, December 2011.
Shot in raw, post-processed using Viewer NX2 that comes with Nikon D7000, saved in jpeg.
*Please do not download or use any of my photographs without first getting my approval.*
Paying a visit to the largest shopping mall in Europe. It is only one Underground stop away from where I was staying at.
Paying a visit to the Apple Store to get online for a few minutes. And here is a look at a UK-spec MacBook Pro, with a keyboard design definitely differing from US models. Typical for UK keyboards, Shift-3 produces £ while Option-3 produces #, a reversal of US keyboard (and much more suitable for UK usage).
Apple has its own take on the UK keyboard layout; the left shift is shrunk to accommodate the ~/` key, the Enter key retains the standard non-US two-row shape but keeps the \ key nearby like US keyboards, and the upper left corner (where the ~/` would be on the US keyboard), there is instead an extra key not found on the US keyboard, ±/§.
Paolo Mauro participates in the Fiscal Monitor press conference during the 2021 Annual Meetings at the International Monetary Fund.
IMF Photo/Allison Shelley
13 October 2021
Washington, DC, United States
Photo ref: AS211013059.ARW
This is my pretty new monitor. I think it fits in beatifully with my $30 garish computer case, old-school keyboard, wireless mouse, and $300 sound system (plugged into my on-board sound card).
Toshiba 37" is my third monitor and ultimately home theatre.
Running 25' of HDMI to TV and toggle displays with a hot-key. Panasonic mini-system handles audio from pre-outs on Cambridge amp. Can run quadraphonic sound for when the neighbours want to hear the music.
But not functional; went back to the old high-desk, and will use this for breakout projects on the side when needed.
Nile monitors are also known to be reproducing in two areas of the state. Currently, the City of Cape Coral is removing this species where they occur on the west coast. FWC staff and our partners have been aggressively removing Nile monitors on the east coast, with over 60 removed since 2011.
These restaurant aquariums are illuminated by Panorama LED retrofits from Ecoxotic.
You can see more at www.ecoxotic.com.
This is my new computer monitor I've bought, its a 32" (80cm) Acer LCD TV. Very happy with it so far!
Upper body of a Mertens' Water Monitor, Varanus mertensi, in the Umbrawarra Gorge Nature Park between Katherine and Pine Creek in Australia's Northern Territory (NT). This species is currently listed as vulnerable in the NT.
Sincere thanks for your dropping by to view, comment and/or fave my nature offerings from various parts of Australia!
All my photographs are © Copyrighted & All Rights Reserved. Please do not reproduce or transmit in any form or by any means without full acknowledgement of it being my work. Use without permission is illegal so please contact me first if you’d like to use it.
Saw this reptile dashing through a grassy stretch at the Chinese Garden in Singapore. I was caught offguard and was a tad late in setting up my camera so I did not manage to shoot it at full length. Slow on the draw, tsk tsk.
Best viewed large.
This is me wearing my holter monitor. I decided to take a picture of me wearing it and post it on flickr so my picture could join the many others of people wearing them. Seeing that a bunch of other people have had to wear them made me feel like less of a freak, so maybe my picture will do the same for someone else.
I had to wear the monitor because I have sinus tachycardia and palpitations. No, the monitor did not show anything significant at all. My cardiologist cannot find anything physically wrong with me. The next step is to wear an event monitor for 2 weeks.
To anyone that has to wear one in the future: it really is not that bad. If you have sensitive skin, the pads are irritating. If you have to wear a monitor, chances are you've had at least one ekg so you know how the pads are. The holter monitor pads are a little stronger since they are made to be worn for longer. Yes, the wires are really annoying, especially when trying to sleep. Overall though it isn't that bad.
El monitor Huáscar es un buque de guerra del siglo XIX de destacada participación en la Guerra del PacÃfico. Fue construido en el Reino Unido en 1864 por orden del gobierno peruano y sirvió en la Marina de Guerra del Perú hasta el 8 de octubre de 1879, dÃa en que fue capturado por la escuadra chilena en el combate naval de Angamos. El Huáscar sirvió activamente en la Armada de Chile hasta 1897, año en que fue dado de baja. Actualmente sirve como museo flotante en el puerto chileno de Talcahuano. Es una de las pocas naves de guerra de su época que aún permanece a flote.
Monitoring long-term alpine ecology plots on Mt. Dunderberg for the Global Observation And Research In Alpine Environments (GLORIA) Project. This plot location was established in 2004 and is resurveyed every five years by agency personnel and volunteers working with the GLORIA group. Photo displays surveyors collecting data, mostly volunteers, with Mono Lake in the background. Forest Service photo by Tim Kellison.
Preparing to monitor long-term alpine ecology plots on Mt. Dunderberg on the Bridgeport Ranger District of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest for the Global Observation And Research In Alpine Environments (GLORIA) Project. This plot location was established in 2004 and is resurveyed every five years by agency personnel and volunteers working with the GLORIA group. Photo is looking south toward the Inyo NF and Yosemite NP. Forest Service photo by Tim Kellison.
Phone apps can make kids addicts and destruct their mental health. Get TheWiSpy to monitor apps and games installed on your kids' phones.
All images in this album are renderings.
Select renderings show customs items which would need to be individually quoted by project.
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No details on finishes can be provided. Finishes on computer screens can appear different than in person. Dealers should order samples through the Dealer Resource Center (DRC) to determine what works best for their needs.