Ramadan is a time of spiritual reflection, self-improvement, and heightened devotion and worship. Muslims are expected to put more effort into following the teachings of Islam. The fast (sawm) begins at dawn and ends at sunset. In addition to abstaining from eating and drinking during this time, Muslims abstain from sexual relations[3] and sinful speech and behaviour during Ramadan fasting or month. The act of fasting is said to redirect the heart away from worldly activities, its purpose being to cleanse the soul by freeing it from harmful impurities. Muslims believe that Ramadan teaches them to practice self-discipline, self-control,[62] sacrifice, and empathy for those who are less fortunate, thus encouraging actions of generosity and compulsory charity (zakat).[63]

 

Muslims also believe fasting helps instill compassion for the food-insecure poor.[64]

 

Exemptions to fasting include travel, menstruation, severe illness, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. However, many Muslims with medical conditions[vague][who?] insist on fasting to satisfy their spiritual needs, although it is not recommended by hadith.[58] Those unable to fast are obligated to make up the missed days later.

 

Ramadan (Arabic: رَمَضَان‎, romanized: Ramaḍān [ra.ma.dˤaːn]),[a] also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan or Ramathan, is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar,[9] observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer, reflection and community.[10] A commemoration of Muhammad's first revelation,[11] the annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam[12] and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the crescent moon to the next.[13][14]

 

Fasting from sunrise to sunset is fard (obligatory) for all adult Muslims who are not acutely or chronically ill, travelling, elderly, breastfeeding, diabetic, or menstruating.[15] The predawn meal is referred to as suhur, and the nightly feast that breaks the fast is called iftar.[16][17] Although fatwas have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a midnight sun or polar night should follow the timetable of Mecca,[18] it is common practice to follow the timetable of the closest country in which night can be distinguished from day.[19][20][21]

 

The spiritual rewards (thawab) of fasting are believed to be multiplied during Ramadan.[22] Accordingly, Muslims refrain not only from food and drink, but also tobacco products, sexual relations, and sinful behavior,[23][24] devoting themselves instead to salat (prayer) and recitation of the Quran.

 

The word Ramadan derives from the Arabic root R-M-Ḍ (ر-م-ض‎) "scorching heat"[27], which is the Classical Arabic verb "ramidha (رَمِضَ)" meaning "become intensely hot – become burning; become scorching; be blazing; be glowing".

 

Ramadan is thought as one of the names of God in Islam by some, and as such it is reported in many hadiths that it is prohibited to say only "Ramadan" in reference to the calendar month and that it is necessary to say "month of Ramadan", as reported in Sunni,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Shia[35][36][37][38][39][40] and Zaydi[41] sources.

 

In the Persian language, the Arabic letter ض (Ḍād) is pronounced as /z/. The Muslim communities in some countries with historical Persian influence, such as Azerbaijan, Iran, India, Pakistan and Turkey, use the word Ramazan or Ramzan. The word Romzan is used in Bangladesh.

 

The month of Ramadan is that in which was revealed the Quran; a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the criterion (of right and wrong). And whosoever of you is present, let him fast the month, and whosoever of you is sick or on a journey, a number of other days. Allah desires for you ease; He desires not hardship for you; and that you should complete the period, and that you should magnify Allah for having guided you, and that perhaps you may be thankful.[Quran 2:185]

 

Muslims hold that all scripture was revealed during Ramadan, the scrolls of Abraham, Torah, Psalms, Gospel, and Quran having been handed down on the first, sixth, twelfth, thirteenth (in some sources, eighteenth)[42] and twenty-fourth Ramadans,[year needed] respectively.[43][self-published source] Muhammed is said to have received his first quranic revelation on Laylat al-Qadr, one of five odd-numbered nights that fall during the last ten days of Ramadan.[44]

 

Although Muslims were first commanded to fast in the second year of Hijra (624 CE),[43] they believe that the practice of fasting is not in fact an innovation of monotheism[45] but rather has always been necessary for believers to attain taqwa (the fear of God).[46][Quran 2:183] They point to the fact that the pre-Islamic pagans of Mecca fasted on the tenth day of Muharram to expiate sin and avoid drought.[47][self-published source] Philip Jenkins argues that the observance of Ramadan fasting grew out of "the strict Lenten discipline of the Syrian Churches," a postulation corroborated by other scholars, including theologian Paul-Gordon Chandler,[48][49] but disputed by some Muslim academics.

 

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Go on and wring my neck

Like when a rag gets wet

A little discipline

For my pet genius

 

My head is like lettuce

Go on dig your thumbs in

I cannot stop giving

I'm thirty-something

 

Sense of security

Like pockets jingling

Midlife crisis

Suck ingenuity

Down through the family tree

 

You're perfect, yes, it's true

But without me you're only you

You're only you

Your menstruating heart

It ain't bleeding enough for two

 

It's a midlife crisis

 

What an inheritance

The salt and the Kleenex

Morbid self-attention

Bending my pinky back

 

A little discipline

A donor by habit

A little discipline

Rent an opinion

 

Sense of security

Holding blunt instrument

Midlife crisis

I'm a perfectionist

And perfect is a skinned knee

 

You're perfect, yes, it's true

But without me you're only you

You're only you

Your menstruating heart

It ain't bleeding enough for two

 

It's a midlife crisis

 

You're perfect, yes, it's true

(Go on and wring my neck)

(Like when a rag gets wet)

But without me you're only you

(Go on and wring my neck)

(You're only you)

Your menstruating heart

(Go on and wring my neck)

(Like when a rag gets wet)

It ain't bleeding enough for two

 

Faith No More

   

Part 3 of 3 of my Ancient Egypt series.

 

The title is known to be given during the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and was at that point very powerful and prestigious. The mummies of the priestesses testify that they were decorated with a religious tattoo, covering the stomach around the area of the uterus. After the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, the title was often irregularly awarded the women of the royal family, typically princesses.

 

The rise, fall & extinction of the priestesses of Hathor are seen in ancient Egyptian culture. The women who wanted to become socially powerful usually took refuge in religion & took the charge of priesthood.

 

Ancient Egyptian society took women's empowerment much more loosely than ancient Greece & ancient Rome. There women were given the right to their own property. However, after becoming a priestess, a woman is seen not only as an important figure in ancient Egyptian society, but also a living symbol of divinity.

 

The priestesses of Hathor were called hm ntr hthr & they were one of the most respected people in Egypt. But After the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, the title was often irregularly awarded only to the women of the royal family, typically princesses. This includes the daughter of Ramesses II. At one time their names were completely erased from history.

 

Egyptologysts have shown that in early days only women of aristocratic lineage could be appointed to the priesthood of Hathor. They were called Badak-Purohit or God's Consort (Hmt nTr). They performed dances and songs during the sacred rites. Because of their menstruation and ability to give child-birth, they were considered unholy, which is why they could not perform sacred duties like dressing up the sacred image of deity.

 

Priestess of Hathor @ wiki

 

Taken at the amazing Alexandria

 

Thankyou in advance for your support, faves, comments and awards!

I do appreciate you all ❤️

According to the online information,

there are some evidence that a full moon may lead to less sleep, a slight change in cardiovascular conditions, traffic accidents, crimes, violences and suicides, and it may also effect human reproduction, in particular fertility, menstruation and birth rate.

 

As the moon comes closer to the Earth, gravitational pull gets stronger ,and we see higher tides.

Up to 60% of our body is water (in adults), the content of the water is not same in each of our organs. The changing gravitational pull might also affect how water react inside of our body.

  

I don't think that we have just negative effects from a full moon, we may experience some positive effects like a higher level of creativity , a higher intelligence level, etc.

Ghost signs are perfect for photography...and specifically, they are perfect for HDR photography because it brings out all the contrast between the brick wall and the fading paint.

 

This ghost sign features at least two prior signs and maybe more...the most clear one is at the bottom of the wall and reads "Wine of Cardui for Women". Cardui was a 38-proof patent medicine made from the late 19th century through the twentieth by the Chattanooga Medicine Company, of Chattanooga, Tennessee. The indications or uses for this product as provided on its packaging: "For menstrual disturbances of women such as irregularity, exaggeration, suppression, etc. For irregular, painful or delayed menstruation, suppressed or delayed menses, painful menstruation, profuse or too frequent flow of menses, whites, falling of the womb, change of life, and as a general restorative for delicate women. Menstrual irregularities and uterine and ovarian troubles." Like most such medicine, it owed a lot of its powers to its high alcoholic content, 19% by volume, which is more than wine.

And the second, which is most of the upper ⅔ of the wall, appears to be two different versions of "R.S. Carson, The Prescription Druggist". I cannot find any information on this particular person and can only assume that he was a local druggist who most likely was also a dealer for the Wine of Cardui.

 

Three bracketed photos were taken with a handheld Nikon D7200 and combined with Photomatix Pro to create this HDR image. Additional adjustments were made in Photoshop CS6.

 

"For I know the plans I have for you", declares the LORD, "plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future." --Jeremiah 29:11

 

The best way to view my photostream is through Flickriver with the following link: www.flickriver.com/photos/photojourney57/

For my "One of a kind" flower images project (NO 77)

I will be buying a plant for my garden....for sure! Blossom in summer!

 

Interesting facts about Liatris:

Flower Structure

Liatris flower is actually a cluster of many small flowers that appear to be one flower. They bloom in an unusual way, from the top of the stalk to the bottom.

 

Benefits and Uses

Some species are thought to have medicinal properties.

They were used to treat painful or delayed menstruation, sore throat, headache, arthritis, and earaches. The plant also acts as a diuretic and stimulant.

  

Yale Daily News: “YaleBleeds champions menstrual equity and social justice on campus and beyond”

 

yaledailynews.com/blog/2024/11/14/yalebleeds-champions-me...

 

“Co-president Maddy Corson ’26 led the abstractionist painting workshop using colors most associated with period blood, textures and smells. She said the event was held to facilitate engagement between students and for Yalies to focus on their identities as ‘menstruators.’”

 

Proverbs 3:35 “The wise will have glory for their heritage, but shame will be the reward of the foolish.”

 

The idea for this picture came in a very roundabout way. First I wanted to use red. Then I picked a setting I wanted to use red in. Then I picked what I would use red in (prop/wardrobe/scenery). Then I thought about concept. Red signifying blood, menstruation, mother earth...Pouring from a girl, giving her life blood back to the earth. Chaos and movement all around, face obscured by hands, fabric billowing over the land, and a stormy sky above to set the tone.

 

The family who lived in the house next to my shoot came out to watch. The parents made sure my tripod didn't tip over in the extreme wind while the kids were fascinated by the 10-second timer.

 

It was so windy that when I finished I got in the car and felt that overwhelming sense of quiet and pounding in my ears. I'm sure you know what I mean.

 

But sitting outside was just as peaceful, sitting in the wind, hearing nothing but the whirring sounds, wondering how my picture would turn out.

 

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Matani Shakya, 3, newly appointed 'kumari,' or living goddess in Nepal, looks on as farewell rituals are performed before taking her to kumari house in Katmandu, Nepal, Tuesday, Oct. 7, 2008. Selected between the ages of 2 and 4, living goddesses are worshipped by both Hindus and Buddhists. Devotees touch the girls' feet with their foreheads, the highest sign of respect among Hindus in Nepal. During religious festivals the girls are wheeled around on a chariot pulled by devotees.

 

By YUVRAJ ACHARYA, Associated Press Writer

Tue Oct 7, 9:59 AM ET

 

KATMANDU, Nepal - Hindu and Buddhist priests chanted sacred hymns and cascaded flowers and grains of rice over a 3-year-old girl who was appointed a living goddess in Nepal on Tuesday.

 

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Wrapped in red silk and adorned with red flowers in her hair, Matani Shakya received approval from the priests and President Ram Baran Yadav in a centuries-old tradition with deep ties to Nepal's monarchy, which was abolished in May.

 

The new "kumari" or living goddess, was carried from her parents' home to an ancient palatial temple in the heart of the Nepali capital, Katmandu, where she will live until she reaches puberty and loses her divine status.

 

She will be worshipped by Hindus and Buddhists as an incarnation of the powerful Hindu deity Taleju.

 

A panel of judges conducted a series of ancient ceremonies to select the goddess from several 2- to 4-year-old girls who are all members of the impoverished Shakya goldsmith caste.

 

The judges read the candidates' horoscopes and check each one for physical imperfections. The living goddess must have perfect hair, eyes, teeth and skin with no scars, and should not be afraid of the dark.

 

As a final test, the living goddess must spend a night alone in a room among the heads of ritually slaughtered goats and buffaloes without showing fear.

 

Having passed all the tests, the child will stay in almost complete isolation at the temple, and will be allowed to return to her family only at the onset of menstruation when a new goddess will be named to replace her.

 

"I feel a bit sad, but since my child has become a living goddess I feel proud," said her father Pratap Man Shakya.

 

During her time as a goddess, she will always wear red, pin up her hair in topknots, and have a "third eye" painted on her forehead.

 

Devotees touch the girls' feet with their foreheads, the highest sign of respect among Hindus in Nepal. During religious festivals the goddesses are wheeled around on a chariot pulled by devotees.

 

Critics say the tradition violates both international and Nepalese laws on child rights. The girls often struggle to readjust to normal lives after they return home.

 

Nepalese folklore holds that men who marry a former kumari will die young, and so many girls remain unmarried and face a life of hardship.

 

Spotted in Dollar Dreams 46th between 5th &6th Manhattan, NYC

Commentary at:

99sense.blogspot.com/

This photo is inspired by one of my all-time favorite artists, Julia Fullerton-Batten.

 

These last few days have been hectic for me, but so, so good. I had my show opening which was a success! Thanks to all of you who came out :-)

 

And I spent the last two days on a photo excursion with my friend Christine, who you know from Flickr. She flew out here for my show opening and then we went on many adventures, including many lies to get done what we needed to do, so I'm pretty sure she thinks I'm a chronic liar after fibbing to the police officer and the people at the craft store.

 

And last but not least, today I am running off to do my first television interview! I'm a bit nervous but excited as well!

 

Oh and just to note, there is no implied "abortion" theme here. My thoughts behind this were to depict a young girl who wants to grow up faster than she is, and so she essentially makes herself menstruate for the first time.

 

black

this piece is dedicated to a skin thing i got in cambodia, linear sores: i had 3 or 4 sets. Khmer friends told me that i couldnt eat beef or chicken , walk across water or past a lady who's menstruating or else i would get more and die. you cant get the disease in the west so its not treated with medicine. i got taken to the local shaman who burnt me with incense and chanted at me. then i got better.

You're perfect, yes, it's true

But without me you're only you

Your menstruating heart

It ain't bleeding enough for two

Pele and Hina moonlit at Kilauea Iki

 

....Pele, passionate, volatile, and capricious.

In modern times, Pele has become the most visible of all, and ......

.....Hina from whose womb came various forms, Goddess of conception, menstruation, and nurturing,

 

Lilium spp. or commonly known as lily, can be described as a hairless perennial herb with single, erect stems from whitish, scaly bulbs. Many of these species are native to Canada, and can be found mainly in cultivated gardens and sometimes along wet roadsides and railroads. The flowers are quite showy, usually dark-dotted in the throat, appearing form May to August. Lilies are seldom plentiful, and when they are picked or mowed, the plant dies. Digging, mowing, and over-picking have caused the near extinction of these beautiful wildflowers in many populated areas. The different variety of lilies include the Canadian lily, the Tiger lily or Columbia lily, and the Wood lily, each ranging in different sizes and colours. The Canadian lily is by far the most common of the three species.

Food

The flowers, seeds and bulbs have all been used as food. In particular, the bulbs were the primarily element used by Native American Peoples. They were generally cooked and eaten with other foods, such as venison and fish. Furthermore, The bulbs which have a strong bitter, peppery flavour, have also been used as flavouring and thickening agents for stews. Some tribes also ate lily bulbs fresh or dried them for winter storage. Historically, lily bulbs were boiled in 2 changes of water or steamed in fire pits. Cooked bulbs were dried for winter use, where they were mashed and formed into thin cakes. The flowers have also been used in salads – they are not only delicious, but also bring lots of colour to your dish.

Medicine

Native Peoples used wood lily roots to make medicinal teas that were taken to treat stomach disorders, coughs, tuberculosis, fevers, and help women in labour deliver the afterbirth. The same teas were also used as a wash for swellings, bruises, wounds and sores. A concoction of this plant combined with sweet viburnum roots was used to treat irregular menstruation. Furthermore, lily roots in combination with blackberry roots, raspberries, and staghorn sumac were used to treat coughs, fevers, and consumption.

Other Uses

 

Lily bulbs were dried, mashed with stink bugs, powdered and used against witchcraft. A decoction of the roots was taken by a wife as an emetic and used as a wash if her husband was unfaithful.

 

wakeup-world.com/2012/08/28/the-medicinal-properties-of-l...

if you want to be a record breaker!

 

[EDIT: Now cropped to remove strange black shape from bottom of image.]

Yes, they're Fascinating Creatures, these Mexican neotenic salamanders! Not only their biology - never developing lungs like 'proper' salamanders but using those great frilly, red gills for oxygen - but also for that wonderful name Axolotl. It's a combination of two Nahuatl words: atl = water, and xolotl = servant, slave, or slippery one. Somehow a translation has become: water slave or water servant. I'd as soon opt for Water Slipper; once you've watched it you'll understand why.

Axolotl today is an endangered animal; it's endemic to only two lakes near Mexico City, and its environment is rapidly disappearing.

The history of Axolotl in the West generally goes back on life-sized (!) colored drawings made by Frederick Polydore Nodder (fl. 1790) and George Kearsley Shaw (1751-1813) in their marvellous The Naturalist Miscellany, vol. 9 (1798). They never visited Mexico and I have no idea where they found their specimen; they call it 'Mexican Tadpole'.

But before that Axolotls or Axolomeh were known in Europe - though with strange attrributes - through the works of Francisco Hernández de Toledo (1514-1587) and Francisco Javier Clavijero (1731-1787). The first, a naturalist connected to the Spanish Throne who visited Mexico; the second, a native Hispano-mexican who often follows Hernández. Their descriptions mix what can be visually verified with curious claims. These creatures, for example, writes Hernández, menstruate; Clavijero repeats that claim but is not entirely sure. It's said their flesh tastes like that of eels. And Clavijero sums up his aesthetics of Axolotl: 'Su figura es fea, y su aspecto ridiculo'. I'll leave you to be the judge of that! I think this one, for one, is rather adorable. And I do opt for the name given by our Hispanozoologist: juiguete de agua, acrobat of the waters! (and that's very close to 'Water Slipper'! O no!?).

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Cleanliness is next to godliness, or so the ancient saying goes. Here, at the Jama Masjid, India's largest mosque, believers wash their hands, faces and feet before prayer time.

 

As birds circled overhead, like small black dots in the overcast sky, I wandered around, bathing in the humid, post-monsoon heat, climbing minarets barefoot and takind the odd snapshot when something caught my eye. India is definitely not a place you want to miss visiting in this life!

 

Matt

 

From Wikipedia:

 

Islamic ritual purification is particularly centred on the preparation for ritual prayer; theoretically ritual purification would remain valid throughout the day, but is treated as invalid on the occurrence of certain acts, the passing of wind, sleep, contact with the opposite gender (depending on which school of thought), unconsciousness, and the emission of blood, semen, or vomit. Some schools of thought mandate that ritual purity is necessary for holding the Qur'an.

 

Ritual purification takes the form of ablution, in a lesser form (wudu), and greater form (ghusl), depending on the circumstance; the greater form is obligatory by a woman after she ceases menstruation, on a corpse that didn't die during battle, and after sexual activity, and is optionally used on other occasions, for example just prior to Friday prayers, or entering ihram.

 

An alternative "dry ablution"(tayammum), involving clean sand or earth, is used if clean water is not available or if suffering from an illness which would be worsened by the use of water; this form is invalidated in the same circumstances as the other forms, and also whenever water becomes available and safe to use. And is also necessary to be repeated (renewed) before every obligatory prayer.

 

The obligatory activities of the lesser form include beginning with the intention to purify oneself, washing of the face, arms, head, and feet. while some optional acts also exist such as recitation of the Bismillah,Oral hygiene|brushing of the teeth, the washing of the mouth, nose at the beginning,washing of arms to the elbows and washing of the ears at the end; additionally recitation of the Shahadah. The greater form(ghusl) is completed by first performing wudu and then ensuring that the entire body is washed. Some minor details of Islamic ritual purification may vary between different different schools of thought, as well as scholarly opinions, as well as between the different sects of Islam.

These little ladies are working on getting the vote!

 

It took about 70 years of activism in the US to get the 19th Amendment (guaranteeing the right to vote for women) ratified. The south eastern states were those most resistant. It ended up coming down to one vote in Tennessee. Those in opposition used a variety of tactics to explain why women should not vote. One of their reasons was that when women menstruate their ability to think and problem solve decreases. I've been watching documentaries about the history of suffrage in the US. I'm so grateful for the smart, politically active women that came before me and the men that supported them. Never miss voting in an election, ladies.

 

It took until 1984 for all 50 states to ratify the 19th amendment!!!!!!!!!!

 

Suffragettes - Blythe a Day 7/15/22

 

Blythe dolls (Sarah Shades, Daunting Drusilla, Winterish Allure, Seeking Apelles)

Dresses - all Barbie except Drusilla's

Signs/sashes - printed on my computer

Background - scrapbook paper and printed windows/doors

Black walk - roof from a dollhouse barn (thrift store find)

Stone step - made by me

 

#blythe #doll #dollscene #blythediorama #blythevictorian #1:6scene #blythecostume #blythehistory #blythescene #dolldiorama #suffrage #dollsuffragettes

 

Pure early 90s woman born from out of the Second Wave power. Not a breeder. Not a menstruator. Not a bleeder. Not a gestator. A woman with dignity.

Great times.

I am now a fan of the Colorado Mammoths. I went to their game this evening with a couple of friends, and it's seriously like modern day "Roman/Coliseum/Warrior" type of thing.

After I came home, I ate a few sliced peaches, put Regina Spektor on low, and re-painted this shirt. Then I washed some dishes while the paint dried.

 

"I cut his hair myself one night

A pair of dull scissors in the yellow light

And he told me that I'd done alright

And kissed me 'til the mornin' light."

 

This is the Regina Spektor song that was playing while I painted.

I realize that I am a Junior. And when I was a Freshman, Juniors seemed so old and mature. Now I'm a Junior. And I don't feel old or mature in the way that I imagined I would. I was wondering the other day, if there is a "click" age when a person is officially considered an adult. And I don't mean the magic number "18." 25 year olds still seem like kids to me. My sister is one.

 

One thing I liked from today was sitting with the lacrosse team in the nosebleed section of the Pepsi Center, and watching my sophomore Bio teacher Mr. Knauer stand up and yell every time we were scored on by the Canadian team. It's always a good laugh seeing teachers outside of school.

 

This photo is in correlation with This Photo and This Photo.

  

View On Black

The orthodox Jews are very strict concerning physical contact of women and men: a woman is not allowed to touch any other man except her husband (even not to shake hands with an acquaintance); and during her menstruation she is not allowed to have a physical contact even with him.

 

Yet, my impression is that Ultra-Orthodox children have more physical contact with each other than other children in Israel.

 

I assume one can explain it in different ways.

Wham Bam Thank You Ma'am: "I Got That Flow" (youtube)

 

Part of: "Memento - zeitweilige Entnichtung" - // - "res noscenda note notiz sketch skizze material sammlung collection entwurf überlegung gedanke brainstorming musterbogen schnittmuster zwischenbilanz bestandsaufnahme rückschau vorschau" Internationaler frauentag

 

8.3.2017 #frau #woman #female #emanzipation #feminismus #gleichberechtigung #blaustrumpf #suffragette #slipeinlange #binde #menstruation #blutung #periode #tage #monatsblutung #regel #holz #wood #parkett #parkettboden #holzboden #holzbrett #maserung #loch #hole #rebe #weinrebe #weinstock #found #fund #find #trove #detail #stilllife #stillleben #textur #texture #blume #blossom #blühen #verblühen #flower #pantiliner #unterwegs

安平區永華市政中心 - 石竹花 / 紅色小花有春節的氣氛

Anping area Yunghua municipal administration center - Rainbow Pink / The red flowers have the atmosphere of the Spring Festival

Centro municipal de la administración de Yunghua del área de Anping - Rainbow Pink / Las flores rojas tienen la atmósfera del Festival de Primavera

安平区永華市政センター - レインボーピンク / 赤い花は春節の雰囲気

Anping-Bereich Yunghua städtische Verwaltungsmitte - Rainbow Pink / Die roten Blumen haben die Atmosphäre des Frühlingsfestes

Centre municipal d'administration de Yunghua de région d'Anping - Rainbow Pink / Les fleurs rouges ont l'ambiance de la Fête du Printemps

 

Anping Tainan Taiwan / Anping Tainan Taiwán / 台灣台南安平

 

{View large size on fluidr/觀看大圖}

 

Melody 曲:JAPAN / Words 詞:Sheesen / Singing : Sheesen

{ 夢旅人 1990 Dream Traveler 1990 }

 

名 稱:石竹

英 文:Chinese Pink， Rainbow Pink

學 名:Dianthus chinensis Linn.

科 名:石竹科(Caryophyllaceae)石竹屬(Dianthus)

別 名:石竹、五彩石竹、洛陽花、剪絨花、中國石竹、洛陽石竹、石菊、繡竹

原產地:中國。

分 布:廣泛栽植於全島低至中海拔地區。

用 途:1.觀賞用:花朵艷麗多變化，可用於花壇、花徑、花台或盆栽。

2.藥 用:性味：帶花全草;苦、寒。

效 用:帶花全草;破血通經，利尿通淋。

治經閉，小便不通，熱淋、血淋、石淋，水腫，目赤腫痛，癰腫瘡毒，濕瘡搔癢。

 

Name: Dianthus

English: Chinese Pink, Rainbow Pink

Scientific name: Dianthus chinensis Linn.

Family name: Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllaceae) Dianthus

Alias: Dianthus, colorful carnation, Luoyang flower, cut velvet flower, Chinese carnation, Luoyang carnation, carnation, embroidered bamboo

Country of Origin: China.

Distribution: Widely planted at low to medium altitudes throughout the island.

Uses: 1. Ornamental use: the flowers are gorgeous and varied, and can be used for flower beds, flower paths, flower stands or potted plants.

2. Medicinal use: Nature and flavor: whole plant with flowers; bitter, cold.

Efficacy: the whole plant with flowers; breaking blood to stimulate menstruation, inducing diuresis and treating stranguria.

Control amenorrhea, dysuria, hot stranguria, blood stranguria, stone stranguria, edema, conjunctival congestion and swelling pain, carbuncle sores, eczema and itching.

 

家住安南鹽溪邊

The family lives in nearby the Annan salt river

 

隔壁就是聽雨軒

The next door listens to the rain porch

 

一旦落日照大員

The sunset Shineing to the Taiwan at once

 

左岸青龍飛九天

The left bank white dragon flying in the sky

Pure early 90s woman born from out of the Second Wave power. Not a breeder. Not a menstruator. Not a bleeder. Not a gestator. A woman with dignity.

Great times.

Augustin is an Austrian street newspaper

Artikel und Zeichnung: Jella Jost in: Augustin Erste Österreichische Boulevardzeitung Nr. 429 1.2. - 14.2.2017

Artikel anläßlich des Frauenmarsches (Demonstration gegen antifeministische Tendenzen, gegen rückschrittliche Frauenbilder, die sich wieder verbreiten. Auslöser und Aufhänger der Demonstration sind vor allem einige Aussagen Trumps über und zu Frauen (der Menstruationssager und der Grapschsager), sowie eine rückwärtsgewandte Frauenpolitik) gelesen am 2.2.2017, dem Tag an dem Christen die Reinigung der Maria feiern. Laut Bibel sind Frauen während der Menstruation unrein, und Frauen die einen Buben geboren haben sind danach für 7 Tage unrein, wenn sie ein Mädchen geboren haben für 2 Wochen ebenso unrein wie während der Menstruation. 33 Tage im Falle der Geburt eines Sohnes, 66 Tage im Falle der Geburt eines Mädchens hat die Frau zu Hause zu bleiben, nichts heiliges zu berühren.... Die Reinigung nach dieser Frist erfolgt durch Darbringung bestimmter Opfer im Tempel (3. Buch Moses (Leviticus) Kapitel 1)

unrein unberührbar paria.... Weder sind Frauen schmutzig noch sind sie Freiwild

"Still have to prostest this fucking shit?!"

Norbert Hofer, der die Bundespräsidentwahlen nur knapp verloren hat und viele Stimmen erlangen konnte, vertritt eine ähnliche rückwärtsgewandte Frauenpolitik (in Fragestellung der Fristenregelung, Frauen haben einen niedrigeren Stellenwert in der Gesellschaft als Männer, der Mann als Familienoberhaupt, Frauen an den Herd....)

"Still have to prostest this fucking shit?!"

 

Part of "res noscenda note notiz sketch skizze material sammlung collection entwurf überlegung gedanke brainstorming musterbogen schnittmuster zwischenbilanz bestandsaufnahme rückschau vorschau" aus einem Lieblingsbuch des Kriegers, der Bibel. // No to "some things and people count, most don`t"

 

Collage 2. 2. 2017 #frauenmarsch #zeitung #newspaper #obdachlos #feminismus #licht #light #reinigung #dirt #dirty #schmutzig #regel #menstruation #blutung #red #rot #blutrot #blau #blue #writing #schrift #handschrift #sonne #sun #sonnenlicht #schatten #shadow #weiß #white #schwarz #black #transparent #papier #paper #buntstift #crayon #aquarellstift #woodless #zeichnung #drawing #schneiden #schnitt #geschnitten #ausgeschnitten #36 #37 #tisch #table #küchentisch #zeitungsausschnitt #inhalt #form #aussage

It is believed that the mother Goddess Earth or the divine wife of Lord Vishnu undergoes menstruation during the first three days of Raja. The fourth day is called Vasumati Snana, or ceremonial bath of Bhudevi. The term Raja came from the Sanskrit word 'Rajas' which means menstruation and when a woman menstruates, she is called 'Rajaswala' or a menstruating woman, and in medieval times the festival became more popular as an agricultural holiday marking the worship of Bhudevi, who is the wife of lord Jagannath. A silver idol of Bhudevi is still to be found in the Puri Temple beside Lord Jagannath .

 

~Wiki

Yay for power!! I was excited to see that the laptop was all powered up and working when I came home today.. woohoo! I feel like I am so behind with all of my flickr stuff and emails. Thank goodness I have my iphone, otherwise I would have went crazy. I know, I know, it's a little sad to be needing the internet that much.. but really, when you have important questions like "how long does it take for a dog to poop out jewelry?" or "when will my dog stop menstruating?" how are you supposed to Google it without the internet?! Haha.. I know, lame... My life revolves around whats going in and/or out of my little Tank, Punk. Yuck.

It's good to be back! :)

 

texture 1

texture 2

Danksagung: Über zeitgenössischen Schmuck lernte ich seit ich Kind bin, da mich meine Eltern in die Galerie am Graben (Galeristin Inge Asenbaum 1925 - 2016) mitnahmen und dann später auch, seit ihrer Gründung 1982 (da war ich 15), in die Galerie V&V (Veronika Schwarzinger, Verena Formanek) So begann in meiner Kindheit meine Auseinandersetzung mit der Bedeutung von Schmuck und einem Begriff von Schmuck nicht im traditionellen Sinn als Dekor, Wertanlage (Materialwert Gold, Edelsteine....), Statussymbol etc.

 

A few TEDx Talks from different countries:

Pravin Nikam: "Men need to talk about menstruation"

Annemarie Harant, Bettina Steinbrugger : "Breaking the bloody taboo"

Berkley Conner: "What if periods were free?"

Nadya Okamoto: "The Menstrual Movement"

Diana Fabianova: "The menstruation taboo" (with Englsih subtitles)

Aditi Gupta: "A taboo-free way to talk about periods"

Chella Quint: "in Menstruating: Don't Use Shame to Sell"

Rupal Gupta, Apurva Kothari, Niharika Adwani: "A period to period-shaming. - TEDxYouth" (all links: youtube)

 

So manch einem, der den 2. Februar als Marienfeiertag (zur Erinnerung 2.Februar: Christliches Fest Mariä Lichtmeß Purificatio Mariae (Bibel: Frau während Regel und nach Geburt unrein - daher Purificatio, Reinigung....) feiert, ist der Frauentag am 8. März (UN Tag für die Rechte der Frau) nicht einmal eine Erwähnung wert....

Wenn Menschen dagegen kämpfen, daß Frauen während der Menstruation als dreckig angesehen und behandelt werden - siehe Videos- hat das sehr wohl etwas mit FrauenBEFREIUNG zu tun, hat das sehr wohl etwas mit Rechten der Frau zu tun.

 

Part of: "res noscenda note notiz sketch skizze material sammlung collection entwurf überlegung gedanke brainstorming musterbogen schnittmuster zwischenbilanz bestandsaufnahme rückschau vorschau" Schmuck Design - 8. März Internationaler Frauentag - die Donau so blau ist nicht blau und Schnee ist nicht weiß

 

8.3.2017 #frau #woman #gleichberechtigung #feminismus #emanzipation #sakko #hemd #shirt #chemise #frackhemd #frack #smokinghemd #tuxedo #smoking #verdeckt #knopfleiste #baumwolle #cotton #manschettenknopf #stud #cufflink #knopf #silber #silver #blau #blue #wolle #wool #faden #thread #gefärbt #blut #blood #red #rot #blutrot #tampon #tampax #ob #weiß #white #blütenweiß #black #schwarz #schmuck #design #schmücken #objektkunst #konzeptkunst #menstruationsneid #vaginaneid #gebärneid #gebärmutterneid #mann #männer #square #quadrat #circle #kreis #naht #knopf #knopfloch #kreuz #cross #textilkunst #gewand #kleidung #kleid

EDIT~~~ This has gotten over 10, 000 views, and i wanted to bump it up and say thanks for all the comments and the views, and lets hope out of the almost 11,000 views, at least one person got some useful helpful information and maybe just maybe iot helped save someone.

I wanted these to be seen, especially this one. I didn't get any further than here with them, but almost 11,000 views is pretty good i think.

So yeah, again, thanks!

 

Now back to your regularly scheduled programing. I figured it was ok to bump this in front of today's 365 shot because it sucks so bad. LOL!

 

*** please please read the statistics i included. They are heart breaking, scary, and have me in tears right now......

View On Black

 

Today's disorder is a very broad termed one. I am trying to go alphabetically an the only thing other than "eating disorder" that began with "e" involved feces and urine, so i stayed away from those.

 

Plus i think eating disorders are a serious serious issue that should be made aware.

Let me touch on the actual picture for a moment. i am well aware that my body looks totally deformed and ab normal... i did that with the intention of portraying how people with eating disorders usually view themselves. A deformed and distorted view of reality.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

An eating disorder is characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment of an individuals physical and emotional health. The causes of eating disorders are complex and not yet fully understood. Eating disorders are estimated to affect 5-10 million females and 1 million males in the United States.[1] Although not yet classified as separate disorder, binge eating disorder[2] is the most common eating disorder in the United States affecting 3.5% of females and 2% of males according to a study by Harvard affiliated McLean Hospital. Bulimia nervosa was the second most common followed by Anorexia nervosa.[3]

(source wikipedia)

 

There are some staggering stats that i want to touch on here, read them, think about them, and please please please, if you know anyone suffering from this, or you yourself are, get help, or BE help.

 

1 in 5 women struggle with an eating disorder or disordered eating.

National Institute of Mental Health's (NIMH) guide, Eating Disorders: Facts About Eating Disorders and the Search for Solutions

 

Eating Disorders affect up to 24 million Americans and 70 million individuals worldwide.

The Renfrew Center Foundation for Eating Disorders, Eating Disorders 101 Guide: A Summary of Issues, Statistics and Resources, published September 2002, revised October 2003, www.renfrew.org.

 

An estimated 10 to 15% of people with anorexia or bulimia are male.

Carlat, D.J. Camargo. Review of Bulimia in Males. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1997

 

90 % of those who have eating disorders are women between the ages of 12 and 25.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, The Center for Mental Health Services, offices of the US Department of Health and Human Services.

 

At least 50,000 individuals will die as a direct result of an eating disorder.

 

It is estimated that currently 11% of high school students have been diagnosed with an eating disorder.

ANAD Ten Year Study. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders. www.anad.org

 

15% of young women in the US who are not diagnosed with an eating disorder display substantially disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.

Girl Power!, a public education program of the US Department of Health and Human Services.

 

A Study conducted by Cornell University found that 40% of male football players surveyed engaged in some sort of disordered eating behavior. (Newsweek, 1994)

 

The most common behavior that will lead to an eating disorder is dieting.

Natalia Zunino, Ph.D, of American Anorexia and Bulimia Association, Inc.

 

The diet and diet related industry is a 50 billion dollar a year enterprise.

Garner, D.W., Wooley, S.C. (1991), "Confronting the failure of behavioral and dietary treatments for obesity." Clinical Psychology Review, 11, pp. 727-780.

 

35% of "normal dieters" progress to pathological dieting. Of those, 20-25% progress to partial or full syndrome eating disorders.

Shisslak, C.M., Crago, M., & Estes, L.S. (1995). The spectrum of eating disturbances. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18 (3), 209-219.

 

According to a recent study, over 1/2 the females between the ages of 18-25 would prefer to be run over by a truck then be fat, and 2/3 surveyed would rather be mean or stupid.

Gaesser, G. (1996), Big Fat Lies: The Truth About Your Weight and Your Health. New York: Fawcett Columbine.

 

51% of 9 and 10 year-old girls feel better about themselves if they are on a diet

Mellin LM, Irwin CE & Scully S: Disordered eating characteristics in girls: A survey of middle class children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 1992; 92:851-53

 

42% of 1st-3rd grade girls want to be thinner (Collins, 1991).

Collins M.E. (1991) Body figure and preferences among pre-adolescent children. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 199-208.

 

46% of 9-11 year-olds are "sometimes" or "very often" on diets, and 82% of their families are "sometimes" or "very often" on diets (Gustafson-Larson & Terry, 1992).

Gustafson-Larson, A., & Terry, R.D. (1992). Weight-related behaviors and concerns of fourth-grade children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 92, 818-822.

 

81% of 10 year olds are afraid of being fat. 51% of 9 and 10 year old girls feel better about themselves if they are on a diet.

Mellin LM, Irwin CE & Scully S: Disordered eating characteristics in girls: A survey of middle class children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 1992; 92:851-53.

 

Time Magazine reports that 80% of all children have been on a diet by the time that they have reached the fourth grade.

 

2 out of 5 women and 1 out of 5 men would trade 3 to 5 years of their life to achieve their goal body weight. (Rader Programs)

 

91 % of women surveyed on a college campus had attempted to control their weight through dieting, 22% dieted "often" or "always".

Kurth CL, Krahn DD, Nairn K & Drewnowski A: The severity of dieting and bingeing behaviors in college women: Interview validation of survey data. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1995; 29(3):211-25.

 

The average woman is 5'4" and weighs 140 pounds. The average model is 5'11" and weighs 117 pounds. Most fashion models are thinner than 98% of American women.

Smolak L. (1996). National Eating Disorders Association/Next Door Neighbors puppet guide book.

 

If today's mannequins were actual human women, based on theoretical body fat percentages, they would probably cease to menstruate.

Rader Programs. www.raderprograms.com.

 

Anorexia is the 3rd most common chronic illness among adolescents.

Public Health Service's Office in Women's Health, Eating Disorder Information Sheet, 2000.

 

A young woman with anorexia is 12 times more likely to die than other women her age without anorexia.

Mortality in Anorexia Nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(7), 1073-1074.

 

Five to ten percent of anorexics die within ten years of onset, 18-20 percent die within twenty years of onset, and only 50 percent report ever being cured.

American Psychiatric Association (1993), "Practice Guidelines for Eating Disorders." American Journal of Psychiatry, 150 (2), pp 212-228.

 

20% of people suffering from anorexia will prematurely die from complications related to their eating disorder, including suicide and heart problems.

The Renfrew Center Foundation for Eating Disorders, "Eating Disorders 101 Guide: A Summary of Issues, Statistics and Resources," published September 2002, revised October 2003, www.renfrew.org.

0.5 % - 3.7 % of females suffer from Anorexia Nervosa in their lifetime.

National Institute of Mental Health. Eating Disorders NIH Publication No. 94-3477 Rockville, MD, 1994

 

1.1 % - 4.2 % of females suffer from Bulimia Nervosa in their lifetime.

National Institute of Mental Health. Eating Disorders NIH Publication No. 94-3477 Rockville, MD, 1994

 

Up to 19% of college aged women in America are bulimic.

Rader Programs. www.raderprograms.com.

 

Bulimia often occurs in athletes such as gymnasts, wrestlers, dancers, horse jockeys, football players, and runners.

2% - 5 % of the American population experience Binge Eating Disorder. National Institute of Mental Health. Eating Disorders NIH Publication No. 94-3477 Rockville, MD, 1994

 

Men constitute 40% of those exhibiting Binge Eating Disorder.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Ed. (DSM-IV). Washington DC, 1994.

 

The onset of Binge Eating Disorder usually occurs during the late adolescence or in the early twenties.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Ed. (DSM-IV). Washington DC, 1994.

  

The Greek word for purgation, cleansing, and puri-

fication is a word that has become part of the learned

vocabulary of scholars. It is derived from katharein,

a Greek word meaning “to cleanse.” It has come down

to contemporary discourse by way of religious, medi-

cal, and learned traditions.

 

In religious history cathartic rules and behavior are

recorded in different cultural environments. In order

to escape from unclean influences man had to purify

himself and also objects around him. Uncleanliness

originated from actions that were not permitted. To

disturb a taboo made a man “unclean.” Purification

is an action to remove uncleanliness resulting from a

violation of the taboo. The cleaning can be performed

by means of water, blood, change of garment, wine,

fire, or sacrifice. In the Old Testament catharsis was

accomplished by means of washing and bathing. Un-

cleanliness was believed to exist in menstruation and

leprosy. The purification was performed in the Temple.

In the New Testament purification was performed by

means of baptism.

 

In the Greek tradition cathartic actions are noted

in the Homeric poetry, in poems by Hesiod, and later

on in the mystery cults at Delphi and Eleusis. The

cathartic actions were performed in disciplines or rit-

uals, aimed at a spiritual and moral cleansing of sins.

Closely related to religious purification is the medi-

cal concept of catharsis or purgation. Religious and

moral sins were associated with disease. Purification

and purgation were means of getting rid of disease and

plague. A plague was considered a retribution due to

individual or collective behavior that was in violation

of the laws of God or Nature. This is seen in Sopho-

cles' Oedipus Rex, for Oedipus has broken a taboo

against incest, and a plague punishes Thebes. When

Oedipus is also punished, the plague is removed, and

Thebes is cleansed.

 

.....................................................................................................................................................................

Model: Erodotus

Photography & Post-production: Me

Place: Nicosia, Cyprus

 

A totally unplanned shot which came out really good and is one of my favourites from the whole photoshoot! :)

..................................................................................................................................................................

 

***PLEASE DO NOT USE MY PICTURES WITHOUT MY PERMISSION***

© Andreas Constantinou

 

Some philosophical thoughts

 

What if all women were bigger and stronger than you? And thought they were smarter? What if women were the ones who started wars? What if too many of your friends had been raped by women wielding giant dildos and no K-Y Jelly?

 

What if the ability to menstruate was the prerequisite for most high-paying jobs? What if your attractiveness to women depended on the size of your penis? What if every time women saw you they’d hoot and make jerking motions with their hands? What if women were always making jokes about how ugly penises are and how bad sperm tastes?

 

What if you had to explain what’s wrong with your car to big sweaty women with greasy hands who stared at your crotch in a garage where you are surrounded by posters of naked men with hard-ons?

 

What if men’s magazines featured cover photos of 14-year-old boys with socks tucked into the front of their jeans and articles like: “How to tell if your wife is unfaithful” or “What your doctor won’t tell you about your prostate” or “The truth about impotence”? What if the doctor who examined your prostate was a woman and called you “Honey”? What if you had to inhale your boss’ stale cigar breath as she insisted that sleeping with her was part of the job?

 

What if you couldn’t get away because the company dress code required you wear shoes designed to keep you from running?

 

And what if after all that, women still wanted you to love them?

~Ericka from Washington DC

 

22-ul 029

9 Jul 13

Short Video about an experiment of 3 men and the conclusions they draw from it:

"Guys Experience Periods For The First Time" (they experience only one of the things that are part of menstruation) (youtube 4min48)

 

TED Talk by Arunachalam Muruganantham - also known as the menstrual man: "The sanitary pad revolution (Wie ich eine Monatsbinden-Revolution gestartet habe)" (English + Deutsche Untertitel)

 

Link to the homepage of the documentary movie about him by Amit Virmani: "Menstrual Man"

 

Slipeinlage mit Schrift: Menstruation

durchgestrichen: Tabu taboo Religion Märchen Mythos heilig unrein (läßt sich fortsetzen mit: Aberglaube Fluch Zauber .... durchgestrichen)

 

So manch einem, der den 2. Februar als Marienfeiertag (zur Erinnerung 2.Februar: Christliches Fest Mariä Lichtmeß Purificatio Mariae (Bibel: Frau während Regel und nach Geburt unrein - daher Purificatio, Reinigung....) feiert, ist der Frauentag am 8. März (UN Tag für die Rechte der Frau) nicht einmal eine Erwähnung wert....

 

Wenn Menschen dagegen kämpfen, daß Frauen während der Menstruation als dreckig angesehen und behandelt werden, wenn dagegen gekämpft wird, daß Frauen eingeredet wird, daß sie unrein seien, hat das sehr wohl etwas mit FrauenBEFREIUNG zu tun, hat sehr wohl etwas mit Rechten der Frau zu tun.

 

Die Stilisierung einer einzelnen Frau zur jungfräulichen Mutter (bis hin zu der Hochstilisierung zur absolut reinen Frau, die nie eine Menstruation hatte) und deren Verehrung in Marienkulten trägt in keinster Weise zur Frauenbefreiung bei, im Gegenteil. Dies als kurze Stellungnahme zu Argumentationen wie "das christentum ist frauenfeindlich (stimmt nur teilweise - s. marienkult, [....]" (wörtl. Zitat Kommentar Fabio Keiner).

 

Und nun kann man nocheinmal nachdenken über: Männer, egal welcher sexuellen Ausrichtung, für die Marienfeiertage zählen, die aber den Tag für die Rechte der Frau nicht einmal erwähnenswert finden.

 

Part of: "res noscenda note notiz sketch skizze material sammlung collection entwurf überlegung gedanke brainstorming musterbogen schnittmuster zwischenbilanz bestandsaufnahme rückschau vorschau" Schmuck Design - 8. März Internationaler Frauentag - die Donau so blau ist nicht blau und Schnee ist weder weiß noch off-white // anti-sakrale Kunst / Esoterik Entlarvung / kein Fetisch

 

9. März #menstruation #regel #blutung #periode #monatsblutung #tage #einstecktuch #mythos #religion #heilig #tabu #taboo #märchen #myth #swallowtail #frau #woman #frauentag #feminismus #emanzipation #fashion #mode #herrenmode #accessoire #dekor #decor #slipeinlange #binde #sign #zeichen #pantiliner #damenmode #sakko #hemd #shirt #chemise #frackhemd #frack #smokinghemd #tuxedo #smoking #verdeckt #knopfleiste #baumwolle #cotton #wolle #wool #gefärbt #blut #blood #red #rot #blutrot #weiß #white #blütenweiß #black #schwarz #schmuck #design #schmücken #konzeptkunst #menstruationsneid #vaginaneid #gebärneid #gebärmutterneid #mann #männer #men #circle #kreis #faden #thread #naht #knopf #knopfloch #herz #heart #spiegel #mirror #spiegelung #letter #schrift #handschrift #botschaft #nachricht #aussage #statement #inhalt #form #kleidung #kostüm #kleid #gewand #off-white #frau #grey #gray #grauabstufung #grauschattierung

Dear anyone who lands on this page, please know you are not alone. There is support out there and you can talk about how you feel. It's an extremely emotional time for you and you might tell yourself you are not loved but please know, you are. If you are considering abortion, please seek medical advice. I sometimes recieve views from people searching for "self abortion" but please dont. It's very risky and you could be seriously harmed. There are free and confidential clinics in most developed countries where you can discuss your options.

 

----------------------------------------

Today is international Women's Day (March 8th) so Happy Women's Day!!!

 

The picture represents several very important issues to me which include menstruation, abortion, miscarriage, self harm and domestic violence.

 

This image was shot to visualise the emotions women feel when we are presented with these issues. While there are many websites and books dedicated to talking about these issues, they mostly just talk of the physical aspects to them rather than the emotional. A big part of these is the emotional factors that come with them. I wanted to create an image to show that emotion and to show women they are not alone in the way they may feel. I only hope it has helped at least one woman out there in feeling supported.

no group icons/images please.

From Seventeen, May 1970. From a Kotex ad.

cwd241: Collage - Collage is regarded as a work of visual arts made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. You may create your collage however you choose, but it must include at least one new photograph.

  

Original portrait with my bloody mouth.

 

Another piece with a selection from the zombie portrait.

I took this photo while this two teens were shooting a little amateur movie.

Their grandmother, who was managing them, explained to me it was for their Samathiya Sadangu ("Coming of Age" in english).

In Sri Lanka, it is an important ceremony that celebrates the first menstruations.

La Defense area - Paris

Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:

 

Hibiscus

 

Hibiscus L. é um gênero botânico, com cerca de 300 espécies, inserido na família das Malvaceae, com flores e folhas exuberantes. Devido à nova taxonomia pela filogenética (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), muitas espécies que pertenciam a esse gênero estão migrando para outros gêneros. Por exemplo: Hibiscus esculentus L., a planta do quiabo, agora é Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. O cultivo dos exemplares do gênero, tanto ornamental como econômico, está disseminado nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, cuidando para não sofrerem com geadas e temperaturas baixas constantes.

 

Etimologia:

Hibiscus significa Ísis (deusa egípcia), em grego.

 

Sinonímia:

 

Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi

Bombycodendron Hassk.

Brockmania W. Fitzg.

Fioria Mattei

 

Espécies:

 

Hibiscus acetosella

Hibiscus x archeri (híbrido)

Hibiscus arnottianus

Hibiscus bifurcatus

Hibiscus brackenridgei

Hibiscus calyphyllus

Hibiscus cameronii

Hibiscus cannabinus

Hibiscus chitra

Hibiscus cisplatinus

Hibiscus clayi

Hibiscus coccineus

Hibiscus denisonii

Hibiscus diversifolius

Hibiscus elatus

Hibiscus furcellatus

Hibiscus fuscus

Hibiscus grandiflorus

Hibiscus hastatus

Hibiscus heterophyllus

Hibiscus indicus

Hibiscus kokio

Hibiscus lasiocarpos

Hibiscus lavaterioides

Hibiscus lobatus

Hibiscus ludwigii

Hibiscus macrophyllus

 

Hibiscus mastersianus

Hibiscus militaris

Hibiscus moscheutos

Hibiscus mutabilis (malva-rosa)

Hibiscus paramutabilis

Hibiscus pedunculatus

Hibiscus pernambucensis (guanxuma-do-mangue)

Hibiscus platanifolius

Hibiscus radiatus

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco)

Hibiscus sabdariffa (vinagreira)

Hibiscus schizopetalus (hibisco-crespo)

Hibiscus scottii

Hibiscus sinosyriacus

Hibiscus splendens

Hibiscus syriacus (hibisco-da-síria)

Hibiscus tiliaceus (algodoeiro-da-praia)

Hibiscus trionum (flor-de-todas-as-horas)

Hibiscus waimeae

Hibiscus dioscorides

Hibiscus diriffan

Hibiscus escobariae

Hibiscus noli-tangere

Hibiscus quattenensis

Hibiscus socotranus

Hibiscus stenanthus

 

Portugal:

Em Portugal este género está representado por 2 espécies, presentes em Portugal Continental, a primeira nativa, a segunda introduzida:1

 

Hibiscus palustris L.

Hibiscus trionum L.

 

Classificação do gênero:

 

Sistema Classificação Referência

Linné Classe Monadelphia, ordem Polyandria Species plantarum (1753)

 

Papuodendron C. T. White

Pariti Adans.

Talipariti Fryxell

Wilhelminia Hochr.

  

A text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:

Hibiscus

For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation).

Hibiscus

Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Angiosperms

Class: Eudicots

Order: Malvales

Family: Malvaceae

Subfamily: Malvoideae

Tribe: Hibisceae

Genus: Hibiscus

L.

Species

 

232 species

Synonyms

 

Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi

Bombycodendron Hassk.

Brockmania W.Fitzg.

Pariti Adans.

Wilhelminia Hochr.

 

Hibiscus (/hɨˈbɪskəs/ or /haɪˈbɪskəs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known simply as hibiscus, or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἱβίσκος (hibískos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.

 

Description:

The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age.[5] The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.

 

Uses:

Symbolism and culture

Hibiscus species represent nations: Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia. The hibiscus is the national flower of Haiti. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali, and appears frequently in depictions of her in the art of Bengal, India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.

 

In the Philippines, the gumamela (local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles.

 

The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Tahitian and Hawaiian girls. If the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or in a relationship. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower.

 

Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower.

 

The bark of the hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away.

 

Landscaping

Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.

 

Paper

One species of Hibiscus, known as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), is extensively used in paper-making.

 

Beverage

Main article: Hibiscus tea

 

The tea made of hibiscus flowers is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its color, tanginess and flavor.

 

It is known as bissap in West Africa, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Honduras (the flower being flor de jamaica) and gudhal (गुड़हल) in India. Some refer to it as roselle, a common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica, Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa, a species sharing the common name sorrel). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages.

 

Roselle is typically boiled in an enamel-coated large stock pot as most West Indians believe the metal from aluminum, steel or copper pots will destroy the natural minerals and vitamins.[citation needed]

 

In Cambodia, a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes.

 

In Egypt,[citation needed] Sudan and the Arab world, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.

 

Food

Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish.

 

The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is used as a vegetable. The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous to Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas Philippines being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as Labog in the Visayan area, (or Labuag/Sapinit in Tagalog), the species is a very good ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Certain species of hibiscus are also beginning to be used more widely as a natural source of food coloring (E163),[citation needed] and replacement of Red #3 / E127.

 

Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella, Hypercompe hambletoni, the nutmeg moth, and the turnip moth.

 

Health benefits

The tea is popular as a natural diuretic; it contains vitamin C and minerals, and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.

 

A 2008 USDA study shows consuming hibiscus tea lowers blood pressure in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Three cups of tea daily resulted in an average drop of 8.1 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure, compared to a 1.3 mmHg drop in the volunteers who drank the placebo beverage. Study participants with higher blood pressure readings (129 or above) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood pressure went down by 13.2 mmHg. These data support the idea that drinking hibiscus tea in an amount readily incorporated into the diet may play a role in controlling blood pressure, although more research is required.

 

Studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa in both humans and animals. It has been proposed that the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa is due to its angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 39 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, Captopril was compared to an extract of H. sabdariffa for antihypertensive effects. Subjects taking an extract of H.sabdariffa, consumed daily before breakfast for four weeks, found reduction in blood pressure similar to Captopril. Another randomized, placebo clinical trial involving 54 study participants with moderate hypertension demonstrated a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However upon discontinuation of treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were subsequently elevated.

 

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s.g.et al. their research indicates some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.

 

In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, hibiscus, especially white hibiscus and red hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), is considered to have medicinal properties. The roots are used to make various concoctions believed to cure ailments such as cough, hair loss or hair greying. As a hair treatment, the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to make a medicated hair oil. The leaves and flowers are ground into a fine paste with a little water, and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner.

 

Hibiscus tea also contains bioflavonoids, which are believed to help prevent an increase in LDL cholesterol, which can increase the buildup of plaque in the arteries.

 

A previous animal study demonstrated the effects of H.sabdariffa extract on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Notably, a reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was observed in rabbits consuming a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in addition to H.sabdariffa extract compared to rabbits only fed HCD, suggesting a beneficial effect.[16] Furthermore, the H. sabdariffa seed is abundant in phytosterol and tocopherol, plant forms of cholesterol that have antioxidant and LDL cholesterol lowering effects.

 

Precautions and Contraindications:

 

Pregnancy and Lactation

While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of the rat bladder and uterus; the H.rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion. Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and the reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H.rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Additionally, they are not recommended while breastfeeding due to the lack of reliable information on its safety and use.

 

Contraindications

No contraindications have been identified.

 

Adverse Effects

Drug Interactions

It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade (H. sabdariffa), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo (H.sabdariffa) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.

 

Species:

In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species is Hibiscus syriacus, the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum, also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus (H. rosa-sinensis), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.

 

Several hundred species are known, including:

  

Hibiscis acapulcensis

Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.—False Roselle

Hibiscus acicularis

Hibiscus aculeatus—Comfortroot

Hibiscus altissimus

Hibiscus andongensis

Hibiscus angolensis

Hibiscus aponeurus[26]

Hibiscus archeri—Archer's Hibiscus

Hibiscus aridicola

Hibiscus arnottianus A.Gray—Kokiʻo ʻula (Hawaii)

Hibiscus asper—Bush Roselle

Hibiscus austroyunnanensis

Hibiscus barbosae

Hibiscus benguellensis

Hibiscus berberidifolius

Hibiscus bernieri

Hibiscus bifurcatus—Fork-bracted Rosemallow

Hibiscus biseptus—Arizona Rosemallow

Hibiscus bojerianus

Hibiscus boryanus—Foulsapate Marron

Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray—Hawaiian hibiscus Maʻo hau hele

Hibiscus burtt-davyi

Hibiscus caerulescens

Hibiscus caesius—Dark-eyed Hibiscus (South Africa)

Hibiscus calyphyllus—Lemonyellow Rosemallow (Tropical Africa)

Hibiscus cameronii—Cameron's Hibiscus, Pink Hibiscus

Hibiscus cannabinus L.—Kenaf

Hibiscus castroi

Hibiscus cisplatinus—Rosa Del Rio

Hibiscus citrinus-

Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg.—Hawaiian red hibiscus (Hawaii)

Hibiscus clypeatus—Congo Mahoe

Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Walter—Scarlet Rosemallow

Hibiscus colimensis

Hibiscus columnaris—Mahot Rempart

Hibiscus comoensis

Hibiscus congestiflorus

Hibiscus costatus

Hibiscus coulteri—Desert Rosemallow

Hibiscus cuanzensis

Hibiscus dasycalyx—Neches River Rosemallow

Hibiscus denudatus Benth.—Pale Face (Southwestern United States, Northwestern Mexico)

Hibiscus dimidiatus

Hibiscus dioscorides A.G.Mill. (es/pt) (Yemen)

Hibiscus diplocrater

Hibiscus diriffan A.G.Mill. (Yemen)

Hibiscus diversifolius—Swamp Hibiscus

Hibiscus dongolensis

Hibiscus donianus

Hibiscus elatus—Mahoe

Hibiscus elegans

Hibiscus engleri—Wild Hibiscus

Hibiscus escobariae

Hibiscus excellii

Hibiscus ferrugineus

Hibiscus ficalhoanus

Hibiscus flavoroseus

Hibiscus fragilis DC.—Mandrinette (Mascarene Islands)

Hibiscus fragrans

Hibiscus fritzscheae

Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.—Lindenleaf rosemallow (Caribbean, Florida, Central America, South America, Hawaii)

Hibiscus fugosioides

Hibiscus furcellatus—Salad Hibiscus

Hibiscus fuscus

  

Hibiscus genevii Bojer (Mauritius)

Hibiscus gilletii

Hibiscus gossweileri

Hibiscus grandidieri

Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—Swamp rosemallow (Southeastern United States)

Hibiscus grandistipulatus

Hibiscus grewiifolius

Hibiscus hamabo

Hibiscus hastatus

Hibiscus heterophyllus—Native rosella

Hibiscus hirtus—Lesser Mallow

Hibiscus hispidissimus

Hibiscus huellensis

Hibiscus hybridus

Hibiscus indicus

Hibiscus insularis Endl.—Phillip Island hibiscus (Phillip Island)

Hibiscus integrifolius

Hibiscus jaliscensis

Hibiscus kochii

Hibiscus kokio—Red Rosemallow

Hibiscus labordei

Hibiscus laevis All. (=H. militaris)—Halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America)

Hibiscus lasiocarpos—Woolly Rosemallow

Hibiscus lasiococcus

Hibiscus lavaterioides

Hibiscus laxiflorus

Hibiscus leptocladus ([Northwest Australia])

Hibiscus leviseminus

Hibiscus lilacinus—Lilac Hibiscus

Hibiscus liliiflorus—Rodrigues Tree Hibiscus

Hibiscus longifolius

Hibiscus longisepalus

Hibiscus ludwigii

Hibiscus lunariifolius

Hibiscus macrogonus

Hibiscus macrophyllus—Largeleaf Rosemallow

Hibiscus macropodus

Hibiscus makinoi—Okinawan Hibiscus

Hibiscus malacophyllus Balf.f. (Yemen)

Hibiscus malacospermus

Hibiscus martianus—Heartleaf Rosemallow

Hibiscus moscheutos Welw. ex Hiern.—Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America)

Hibiscus mutabilis L.—Cotton Rosemallow, Confederate Rose (East Asia)

Hibiscus paramutabilis

Hibiscus pedunculatus

Hibiscus pernambucensis—Seaside Mahoe

Hibiscus phoeniceus—Brazilian Rosemallow

Hibiscus platanifolius

Hibiscus quattenensis

Hibiscus poeppigii—Poeppig's Rosemallow

Hibiscus radiatus—Monarch Rosemallow

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.—Chinese hibiscus (East Asia)

Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—Roselle, Omutete, or Sorrel

Hibiscus schizopetalus—Fringed Rosemallow

Hibiscus scottii

Hibiscus socotranus

Hibiscus sinosyriacus

Hibiscus splendens

Hibiscus stenanthus Balf.f. (Yemen)

Hibiscus striatus—Striped Rosemallow

Hibiscus syriacus L. (Type species)—Rose of Sharon (Asia)

Hibiscus tiliaceus L.—Sea hibiscus (Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceania)

Hibiscus trilobus—Threelobe Rosemallow

Hibiscus trionum L.—Flower-of-an-Hour

Hibiscus vitifolius—Tropical Rose Mallow

Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller—Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo (Hawaii)

   

Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:

 

Hibiscus

 

Hibiscus L. é um gênero botânico, com cerca de 300 espécies, inserido na família das Malvaceae, com flores e folhas exuberantes. Devido à nova taxonomia pela filogenética (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), muitas espécies que pertenciam a esse gênero estão migrando para outros gêneros. Por exemplo: Hibiscus esculentus L., a planta do quiabo, agora é Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. O cultivo dos exemplares do gênero, tanto ornamental como econômico, está disseminado nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, cuidando para não sofrerem com geadas e temperaturas baixas constantes.

 

Etimologia:

Hibiscus significa Ísis (deusa egípcia), em grego.

 

Sinonímia:

 

Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi

Bombycodendron Hassk.

Brockmania W. Fitzg.

Fioria Mattei

 

Espécies:

 

Hibiscus acetosella

Hibiscus x archeri (híbrido)

Hibiscus arnottianus

Hibiscus bifurcatus

Hibiscus brackenridgei

Hibiscus calyphyllus

Hibiscus cameronii

Hibiscus cannabinus

Hibiscus chitra

Hibiscus cisplatinus

Hibiscus clayi

Hibiscus coccineus

Hibiscus denisonii

Hibiscus diversifolius

Hibiscus elatus

Hibiscus furcellatus

Hibiscus fuscus

Hibiscus grandiflorus

Hibiscus hastatus

Hibiscus heterophyllus

Hibiscus indicus

Hibiscus kokio

Hibiscus lasiocarpos

Hibiscus lavaterioides

Hibiscus lobatus

Hibiscus ludwigii

Hibiscus macrophyllus

 

Hibiscus mastersianus

Hibiscus militaris

Hibiscus moscheutos

Hibiscus mutabilis (malva-rosa)

Hibiscus paramutabilis

Hibiscus pedunculatus

Hibiscus pernambucensis (guanxuma-do-mangue)

Hibiscus platanifolius

Hibiscus radiatus

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco)

Hibiscus sabdariffa (vinagreira)

Hibiscus schizopetalus (hibisco-crespo)

Hibiscus scottii

Hibiscus sinosyriacus

Hibiscus splendens

Hibiscus syriacus (hibisco-da-síria)

Hibiscus tiliaceus (algodoeiro-da-praia)

Hibiscus trionum (flor-de-todas-as-horas)

Hibiscus waimeae

Hibiscus dioscorides

Hibiscus diriffan

Hibiscus escobariae

Hibiscus noli-tangere

Hibiscus quattenensis

Hibiscus socotranus

Hibiscus stenanthus

 

Portugal:

Em Portugal este género está representado por 2 espécies, presentes em Portugal Continental, a primeira nativa, a segunda introduzida:1

 

Hibiscus palustris L.

Hibiscus trionum L.

 

Classificação do gênero:

 

Sistema Classificação Referência

Linné Classe Monadelphia, ordem Polyandria Species plantarum (1753)

 

Papuodendron C. T. White

Pariti Adans.

Talipariti Fryxell

Wilhelminia Hochr.

  

A text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:

Hibiscus

For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation).

Hibiscus

Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Angiosperms

Class: Eudicots

Order: Malvales

Family: Malvaceae

Subfamily: Malvoideae

Tribe: Hibisceae

Genus: Hibiscus

L.

Species

 

232 species

Synonyms

 

Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi

Bombycodendron Hassk.

Brockmania W.Fitzg.

Pariti Adans.

Wilhelminia Hochr.

 

Hibiscus (/hɨˈbɪskəs/ or /haɪˈbɪskəs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known simply as hibiscus, or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἱβίσκος (hibískos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.

 

Description:

The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age.[5] The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.

 

Uses:

Symbolism and culture

Hibiscus species represent nations: Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia. The hibiscus is the national flower of Haiti. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali, and appears frequently in depictions of her in the art of Bengal, India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.

 

In the Philippines, the gumamela (local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles.

 

The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Tahitian and Hawaiian girls. If the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or in a relationship. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower.

 

Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower.

 

The bark of the hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away.

 

Landscaping

Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.

 

Paper

One species of Hibiscus, known as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), is extensively used in paper-making.

 

Beverage

Main article: Hibiscus tea

 

The tea made of hibiscus flowers is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its color, tanginess and flavor.

 

It is known as bissap in West Africa, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Honduras (the flower being flor de jamaica) and gudhal (गुड़हल) in India. Some refer to it as roselle, a common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica, Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa, a species sharing the common name sorrel). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages.

 

Roselle is typically boiled in an enamel-coated large stock pot as most West Indians believe the metal from aluminum, steel or copper pots will destroy the natural minerals and vitamins.[citation needed]

 

In Cambodia, a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes.

 

In Egypt,[citation needed] Sudan and the Arab world, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.

 

Food

Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish.

 

The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is used as a vegetable. The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous to Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas Philippines being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as Labog in the Visayan area, (or Labuag/Sapinit in Tagalog), the species is a very good ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Certain species of hibiscus are also beginning to be used more widely as a natural source of food coloring (E163),[citation needed] and replacement of Red #3 / E127.

 

Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella, Hypercompe hambletoni, the nutmeg moth, and the turnip moth.

 

Health benefits

The tea is popular as a natural diuretic; it contains vitamin C and minerals, and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.

 

A 2008 USDA study shows consuming hibiscus tea lowers blood pressure in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Three cups of tea daily resulted in an average drop of 8.1 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure, compared to a 1.3 mmHg drop in the volunteers who drank the placebo beverage. Study participants with higher blood pressure readings (129 or above) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood pressure went down by 13.2 mmHg. These data support the idea that drinking hibiscus tea in an amount readily incorporated into the diet may play a role in controlling blood pressure, although more research is required.

 

Studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa in both humans and animals. It has been proposed that the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa is due to its angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 39 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, Captopril was compared to an extract of H. sabdariffa for antihypertensive effects. Subjects taking an extract of H.sabdariffa, consumed daily before breakfast for four weeks, found reduction in blood pressure similar to Captopril. Another randomized, placebo clinical trial involving 54 study participants with moderate hypertension demonstrated a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However upon discontinuation of treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were subsequently elevated.

 

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s.g.et al. their research indicates some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.

 

In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, hibiscus, especially white hibiscus and red hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), is considered to have medicinal properties. The roots are used to make various concoctions believed to cure ailments such as cough, hair loss or hair greying. As a hair treatment, the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to make a medicated hair oil. The leaves and flowers are ground into a fine paste with a little water, and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner.

 

Hibiscus tea also contains bioflavonoids, which are believed to help prevent an increase in LDL cholesterol, which can increase the buildup of plaque in the arteries.

 

A previous animal study demonstrated the effects of H.sabdariffa extract on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Notably, a reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was observed in rabbits consuming a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in addition to H.sabdariffa extract compared to rabbits only fed HCD, suggesting a beneficial effect.[16] Furthermore, the H. sabdariffa seed is abundant in phytosterol and tocopherol, plant forms of cholesterol that have antioxidant and LDL cholesterol lowering effects.

 

Precautions and Contraindications:

 

Pregnancy and Lactation

While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of the rat bladder and uterus; the H.rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion. Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and the reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H.rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Additionally, they are not recommended while breastfeeding due to the lack of reliable information on its safety and use.

 

Contraindications

No contraindications have been identified.

 

Adverse Effects

Drug Interactions

It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade (H. sabdariffa), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo (H.sabdariffa) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.

 

Species:

In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species is Hibiscus syriacus, the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum, also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus (H. rosa-sinensis), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.

 

Several hundred species are known, including:

  

Hibiscis acapulcensis

Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.—False Roselle

Hibiscus acicularis

Hibiscus aculeatus—Comfortroot

Hibiscus altissimus

Hibiscus andongensis

Hibiscus angolensis

Hibiscus aponeurus[26]

Hibiscus archeri—Archer's Hibiscus

Hibiscus aridicola

Hibiscus arnottianus A.Gray—Kokiʻo ʻula (Hawaii)

Hibiscus asper—Bush Roselle

Hibiscus austroyunnanensis

Hibiscus barbosae

Hibiscus benguellensis

Hibiscus berberidifolius

Hibiscus bernieri

Hibiscus bifurcatus—Fork-bracted Rosemallow

Hibiscus biseptus—Arizona Rosemallow

Hibiscus bojerianus

Hibiscus boryanus—Foulsapate Marron

Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray—Hawaiian hibiscus Maʻo hau hele

Hibiscus burtt-davyi

Hibiscus caerulescens

Hibiscus caesius—Dark-eyed Hibiscus (South Africa)

Hibiscus calyphyllus—Lemonyellow Rosemallow (Tropical Africa)

Hibiscus cameronii—Cameron's Hibiscus, Pink Hibiscus

Hibiscus cannabinus L.—Kenaf

Hibiscus castroi

Hibiscus cisplatinus—Rosa Del Rio

Hibiscus citrinus-

Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg.—Hawaiian red hibiscus (Hawaii)

Hibiscus clypeatus—Congo Mahoe

Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Walter—Scarlet Rosemallow

Hibiscus colimensis

Hibiscus columnaris—Mahot Rempart

Hibiscus comoensis

Hibiscus congestiflorus

Hibiscus costatus

Hibiscus coulteri—Desert Rosemallow

Hibiscus cuanzensis

Hibiscus dasycalyx—Neches River Rosemallow

Hibiscus denudatus Benth.—Pale Face (Southwestern United States, Northwestern Mexico)

Hibiscus dimidiatus

Hibiscus dioscorides A.G.Mill. (es/pt) (Yemen)

Hibiscus diplocrater

Hibiscus diriffan A.G.Mill. (Yemen)

Hibiscus diversifolius—Swamp Hibiscus

Hibiscus dongolensis

Hibiscus donianus

Hibiscus elatus—Mahoe

Hibiscus elegans

Hibiscus engleri—Wild Hibiscus

Hibiscus escobariae

Hibiscus excellii

Hibiscus ferrugineus

Hibiscus ficalhoanus

Hibiscus flavoroseus

Hibiscus fragilis DC.—Mandrinette (Mascarene Islands)

Hibiscus fragrans

Hibiscus fritzscheae

Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.—Lindenleaf rosemallow (Caribbean, Florida, Central America, South America, Hawaii)

Hibiscus fugosioides

Hibiscus furcellatus—Salad Hibiscus

Hibiscus fuscus

  

Hibiscus genevii Bojer (Mauritius)

Hibiscus gilletii

Hibiscus gossweileri

Hibiscus grandidieri

Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—Swamp rosemallow (Southeastern United States)

Hibiscus grandistipulatus

Hibiscus grewiifolius

Hibiscus hamabo

Hibiscus hastatus

Hibiscus heterophyllus—Native rosella

Hibiscus hirtus—Lesser Mallow

Hibiscus hispidissimus

Hibiscus huellensis

Hibiscus hybridus

Hibiscus indicus

Hibiscus insularis Endl.—Phillip Island hibiscus (Phillip Island)

Hibiscus integrifolius

Hibiscus jaliscensis

Hibiscus kochii

Hibiscus kokio—Red Rosemallow

Hibiscus labordei

Hibiscus laevis All. (=H. militaris)—Halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America)

Hibiscus lasiocarpos—Woolly Rosemallow

Hibiscus lasiococcus

Hibiscus lavaterioides

Hibiscus laxiflorus

Hibiscus leptocladus ([Northwest Australia])

Hibiscus leviseminus

Hibiscus lilacinus—Lilac Hibiscus

Hibiscus liliiflorus—Rodrigues Tree Hibiscus

Hibiscus longifolius

Hibiscus longisepalus

Hibiscus ludwigii

Hibiscus lunariifolius

Hibiscus macrogonus

Hibiscus macrophyllus—Largeleaf Rosemallow

Hibiscus macropodus

Hibiscus makinoi—Okinawan Hibiscus

Hibiscus malacophyllus Balf.f. (Yemen)

Hibiscus malacospermus

Hibiscus martianus—Heartleaf Rosemallow

Hibiscus moscheutos Welw. ex Hiern.—Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America)

Hibiscus mutabilis L.—Cotton Rosemallow, Confederate Rose (East Asia)

Hibiscus paramutabilis

Hibiscus pedunculatus

Hibiscus pernambucensis—Seaside Mahoe

Hibiscus phoeniceus—Brazilian Rosemallow

Hibiscus platanifolius

Hibiscus quattenensis

Hibiscus poeppigii—Poeppig's Rosemallow

Hibiscus radiatus—Monarch Rosemallow

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.—Chinese hibiscus (East Asia)

Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—Roselle, Omutete, or Sorrel

Hibiscus schizopetalus—Fringed Rosemallow

Hibiscus scottii

Hibiscus socotranus

Hibiscus sinosyriacus

Hibiscus splendens

Hibiscus stenanthus Balf.f. (Yemen)

Hibiscus striatus—Striped Rosemallow

Hibiscus syriacus L. (Type species)—Rose of Sharon (Asia)

Hibiscus tiliaceus L.—Sea hibiscus (Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceania)

Hibiscus trilobus—Threelobe Rosemallow

Hibiscus trionum L.—Flower-of-an-Hour

Hibiscus vitifolius—Tropical Rose Mallow

Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller—Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo (Hawaii)

  

Um texto, em português, da Wikipédia:

 

Hibiscus

 

Hibiscus L. é um gênero botânico, com cerca de 300 espécies, inserido na família das Malvaceae, com flores e folhas exuberantes. Devido à nova taxonomia pela filogenética (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group), muitas espécies que pertenciam a esse gênero estão migrando para outros gêneros. Por exemplo: Hibiscus esculentus L., a planta do quiabo, agora é Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. O cultivo dos exemplares do gênero, tanto ornamental como econômico, está disseminado nas regiões subtropicais e tropicais, cuidando para não sofrerem com geadas e temperaturas baixas constantes.

 

Etimologia:

Hibiscus significa Ísis (deusa egípcia), em grego.

 

Sinonímia:

 

Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi

Bombycodendron Hassk.

Brockmania W. Fitzg.

Fioria Mattei

 

Espécies:

 

Hibiscus acetosella

Hibiscus x archeri (híbrido)

Hibiscus arnottianus

Hibiscus bifurcatus

Hibiscus brackenridgei

Hibiscus calyphyllus

Hibiscus cameronii

Hibiscus cannabinus

Hibiscus chitra

Hibiscus cisplatinus

Hibiscus clayi

Hibiscus coccineus

Hibiscus denisonii

Hibiscus diversifolius

Hibiscus elatus

Hibiscus furcellatus

Hibiscus fuscus

Hibiscus grandiflorus

Hibiscus hastatus

Hibiscus heterophyllus

Hibiscus indicus

Hibiscus kokio

Hibiscus lasiocarpos

Hibiscus lavaterioides

Hibiscus lobatus

Hibiscus ludwigii

Hibiscus macrophyllus

 

Hibiscus mastersianus

Hibiscus militaris

Hibiscus moscheutos

Hibiscus mutabilis (malva-rosa)

Hibiscus paramutabilis

Hibiscus pedunculatus

Hibiscus pernambucensis (guanxuma-do-mangue)

Hibiscus platanifolius

Hibiscus radiatus

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibisco)

Hibiscus sabdariffa (vinagreira)

Hibiscus schizopetalus (hibisco-crespo)

Hibiscus scottii

Hibiscus sinosyriacus

Hibiscus splendens

Hibiscus syriacus (hibisco-da-síria)

Hibiscus tiliaceus (algodoeiro-da-praia)

Hibiscus trionum (flor-de-todas-as-horas)

Hibiscus waimeae

Hibiscus dioscorides

Hibiscus diriffan

Hibiscus escobariae

Hibiscus noli-tangere

Hibiscus quattenensis

Hibiscus socotranus

Hibiscus stenanthus

 

Portugal:

Em Portugal este género está representado por 2 espécies, presentes em Portugal Continental, a primeira nativa, a segunda introduzida:1

 

Hibiscus palustris L.

Hibiscus trionum L.

 

Classificação do gênero:

 

Sistema Classificação Referência

Linné Classe Monadelphia, ordem Polyandria Species plantarum (1753)

 

Papuodendron C. T. White

Pariti Adans.

Talipariti Fryxell

Wilhelminia Hochr.

  

A text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:

Hibiscus

For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation).

Hibiscus

Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Angiosperms

Class: Eudicots

Order: Malvales

Family: Malvaceae

Subfamily: Malvoideae

Tribe: Hibisceae

Genus: Hibiscus

L.

Species

 

232 species

Synonyms

 

Bombycidendron Zoll. & Moritzi

Bombycodendron Hassk.

Brockmania W.Fitzg.

Pariti Adans.

Wilhelminia Hochr.

 

Hibiscus (/hɨˈbɪskəs/ or /haɪˈbɪskəs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is quite large, containing several hundred species that are native to warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. Member species are often noted for their showy flowers and are commonly known simply as hibiscus, or less widely known as rose mallow. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, as well as woody shrubs and small trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἱβίσκος (hibískos), which was the name Pedanius Dioscorides (ca. 40–90) gave to Althaea officinalis.

 

Description:

The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, purple or yellow, and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age.[5] The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colours. It is an example of complete flowers.

 

Uses:

Symbolism and culture

Hibiscus species represent nations: Hibiscus syriacus is the national flower of South Korea, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia. The hibiscus is the national flower of Haiti. The red hibiscus is the flower of the Hindu goddess Kali, and appears frequently in depictions of her in the art of Bengal, India, often with the goddess and the flower merging in form. The hibiscus is used as an offering to goddess Kali and Lord Ganesha in Hindu worship.

 

In the Philippines, the gumamela (local name for hibiscus) is used by children as part of a bubble-making pastime. The flowers and leaves are crushed until the sticky juices come out. Hollow papaya stalks are then dipped into this and used as straws for blowing bubbles.

 

The hibiscus flower is traditionally worn by Tahitian and Hawaiian girls. If the flower is worn behind the left ear, the woman is married or in a relationship. If the flower is worn on the right, she is single or openly available for a relationship. The hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower.

 

Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie named her first novel Purple Hibiscus after the delicate flower.

 

The bark of the hibiscus contains strong bast fibres that can be obtained by letting the stripped bark set in the sea to let the organic material rot away.

 

Landscaping

Many species are grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds.

 

Paper

One species of Hibiscus, known as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), is extensively used in paper-making.

 

Beverage

Main article: Hibiscus tea

 

The tea made of hibiscus flowers is known by many names in many countries around the world and is served both hot and cold. The beverage is well known for its color, tanginess and flavor.

 

It is known as bissap in West Africa, agua de jamaica in Mexico and Honduras (the flower being flor de jamaica) and gudhal (गुड़हल) in India. Some refer to it as roselle, a common name for the hibiscus flower. In Jamaica, Trinidad and many other islands in the Caribbean, the drink is known as sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa; not to be confused with Rumex acetosa, a species sharing the common name sorrel). In Ghana, the drink is known as soobolo in one of the local languages.

 

Roselle is typically boiled in an enamel-coated large stock pot as most West Indians believe the metal from aluminum, steel or copper pots will destroy the natural minerals and vitamins.[citation needed]

 

In Cambodia, a cold beverage can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water/ice cubes.

 

In Egypt,[citation needed] Sudan and the Arab world, hibiscus tea is known as karkadé (كركديه), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.

 

Food

Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish.

 

The roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is used as a vegetable. The species Hibiscus suratensis Linn synonymous to Hibiscus aculeatus G. Don is noted in Visayas Philippines being a souring ingredient for almost all local vegetables and menus. Known as Labog in the Visayan area, (or Labuag/Sapinit in Tagalog), the species is a very good ingredient in cooking native chicken soup. Certain species of hibiscus are also beginning to be used more widely as a natural source of food coloring (E163),[citation needed] and replacement of Red #3 / E127.

 

Hibiscus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species, including Chionodes hibiscella, Hypercompe hambletoni, the nutmeg moth, and the turnip moth.

 

Health benefits

The tea is popular as a natural diuretic; it contains vitamin C and minerals, and is used traditionally as a mild medicine.

 

A 2008 USDA study shows consuming hibiscus tea lowers blood pressure in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Three cups of tea daily resulted in an average drop of 8.1 mmHg in their systolic blood pressure, compared to a 1.3 mmHg drop in the volunteers who drank the placebo beverage. Study participants with higher blood pressure readings (129 or above) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood pressure went down by 13.2 mmHg. These data support the idea that drinking hibiscus tea in an amount readily incorporated into the diet may play a role in controlling blood pressure, although more research is required.

 

Studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa in both humans and animals. It has been proposed that the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa is due to its angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting activity. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving 39 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, Captopril was compared to an extract of H. sabdariffa for antihypertensive effects. Subjects taking an extract of H.sabdariffa, consumed daily before breakfast for four weeks, found reduction in blood pressure similar to Captopril. Another randomized, placebo clinical trial involving 54 study participants with moderate hypertension demonstrated a reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However upon discontinuation of treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were subsequently elevated.

 

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s.g.et al. their research indicates some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.

 

In the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, hibiscus, especially white hibiscus and red hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), is considered to have medicinal properties. The roots are used to make various concoctions believed to cure ailments such as cough, hair loss or hair greying. As a hair treatment, the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to make a medicated hair oil. The leaves and flowers are ground into a fine paste with a little water, and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner.

 

Hibiscus tea also contains bioflavonoids, which are believed to help prevent an increase in LDL cholesterol, which can increase the buildup of plaque in the arteries.

 

A previous animal study demonstrated the effects of H.sabdariffa extract on atherosclerosis in rabbits. Notably, a reduction in triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein was observed in rabbits consuming a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in addition to H.sabdariffa extract compared to rabbits only fed HCD, suggesting a beneficial effect.[16] Furthermore, the H. sabdariffa seed is abundant in phytosterol and tocopherol, plant forms of cholesterol that have antioxidant and LDL cholesterol lowering effects.

 

Precautions and Contraindications:

 

Pregnancy and Lactation

While the mechanism is not well understood, previous animal studies have demonstrated both an inhibitory effect of H. sabdariffa on muscle tone and the anti-fertility effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, respectively. The extract of H. sabdariffa has been shown to stimulate contraction of the rat bladder and uterus; the H.rosa-sinensis extract has exhibited contraceptive effects in the form of estrogen activity in rats. These findings have not been observed in humans. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is also thought to have emmenagogue effects which can stimulate menstruation and, in some women, cause an abortion. Due to the documented adverse effects in animal studies and the reported pharmacological properties, the H. sabdariffa and H.rosa-sinensis are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Additionally, they are not recommended while breastfeeding due to the lack of reliable information on its safety and use.

 

Contraindications

No contraindications have been identified.

 

Adverse Effects

Drug Interactions

It is postulated that H. sabdariffa interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the H. sabdariffa extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade (H. sabdariffa), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo (H.sabdariffa) drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.

 

Species:

In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown ornamental species is Hibiscus syriacus, the common garden hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated Hypericum calycinum, also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the Chinese hibiscus (H. rosa-sinensis), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.

 

Several hundred species are known, including:

  

Hibiscis acapulcensis

Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.—False Roselle

Hibiscus acicularis

Hibiscus aculeatus—Comfortroot

Hibiscus altissimus

Hibiscus andongensis

Hibiscus angolensis

Hibiscus aponeurus[26]

Hibiscus archeri—Archer's Hibiscus

Hibiscus aridicola

Hibiscus arnottianus A.Gray—Kokiʻo ʻula (Hawaii)

Hibiscus asper—Bush Roselle

Hibiscus austroyunnanensis

Hibiscus barbosae

Hibiscus benguellensis

Hibiscus berberidifolius

Hibiscus bernieri

Hibiscus bifurcatus—Fork-bracted Rosemallow

Hibiscus biseptus—Arizona Rosemallow

Hibiscus bojerianus

Hibiscus boryanus—Foulsapate Marron

Hibiscus brackenridgei A.Gray—Hawaiian hibiscus Maʻo hau hele

Hibiscus burtt-davyi

Hibiscus caerulescens

Hibiscus caesius—Dark-eyed Hibiscus (South Africa)

Hibiscus calyphyllus—Lemonyellow Rosemallow (Tropical Africa)

Hibiscus cameronii—Cameron's Hibiscus, Pink Hibiscus

Hibiscus cannabinus L.—Kenaf

Hibiscus castroi

Hibiscus cisplatinus—Rosa Del Rio

Hibiscus citrinus-

Hibiscus clayi O.Deg. & I.Deg.—Hawaiian red hibiscus (Hawaii)

Hibiscus clypeatus—Congo Mahoe

Hibiscus coccineus (Medik.) Walter—Scarlet Rosemallow

Hibiscus colimensis

Hibiscus columnaris—Mahot Rempart

Hibiscus comoensis

Hibiscus congestiflorus

Hibiscus costatus

Hibiscus coulteri—Desert Rosemallow

Hibiscus cuanzensis

Hibiscus dasycalyx—Neches River Rosemallow

Hibiscus denudatus Benth.—Pale Face (Southwestern United States, Northwestern Mexico)

Hibiscus dimidiatus

Hibiscus dioscorides A.G.Mill. (es/pt) (Yemen)

Hibiscus diplocrater

Hibiscus diriffan A.G.Mill. (Yemen)

Hibiscus diversifolius—Swamp Hibiscus

Hibiscus dongolensis

Hibiscus donianus

Hibiscus elatus—Mahoe

Hibiscus elegans

Hibiscus engleri—Wild Hibiscus

Hibiscus escobariae

Hibiscus excellii

Hibiscus ferrugineus

Hibiscus ficalhoanus

Hibiscus flavoroseus

Hibiscus fragilis DC.—Mandrinette (Mascarene Islands)

Hibiscus fragrans

Hibiscus fritzscheae

Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.—Lindenleaf rosemallow (Caribbean, Florida, Central America, South America, Hawaii)

Hibiscus fugosioides

Hibiscus furcellatus—Salad Hibiscus

Hibiscus fuscus

  

Hibiscus genevii Bojer (Mauritius)

Hibiscus gilletii

Hibiscus gossweileri

Hibiscus grandidieri

Hibiscus grandiflorus Michx.—Swamp rosemallow (Southeastern United States)

Hibiscus grandistipulatus

Hibiscus grewiifolius

Hibiscus hamabo

Hibiscus hastatus

Hibiscus heterophyllus—Native rosella

Hibiscus hirtus—Lesser Mallow

Hibiscus hispidissimus

Hibiscus huellensis

Hibiscus hybridus

Hibiscus indicus

Hibiscus insularis Endl.—Phillip Island hibiscus (Phillip Island)

Hibiscus integrifolius

Hibiscus jaliscensis

Hibiscus kochii

Hibiscus kokio—Red Rosemallow

Hibiscus labordei

Hibiscus laevis All. (=H. militaris)—Halberd-leaved rosemallow (central and eastern North America)

Hibiscus lasiocarpos—Woolly Rosemallow

Hibiscus lasiococcus

Hibiscus lavaterioides

Hibiscus laxiflorus

Hibiscus leptocladus ([Northwest Australia])

Hibiscus leviseminus

Hibiscus lilacinus—Lilac Hibiscus

Hibiscus liliiflorus—Rodrigues Tree Hibiscus

Hibiscus longifolius

Hibiscus longisepalus

Hibiscus ludwigii

Hibiscus lunariifolius

Hibiscus macrogonus

Hibiscus macrophyllus—Largeleaf Rosemallow

Hibiscus macropodus

Hibiscus makinoi—Okinawan Hibiscus

Hibiscus malacophyllus Balf.f. (Yemen)

Hibiscus malacospermus

Hibiscus martianus—Heartleaf Rosemallow

Hibiscus moscheutos Welw. ex Hiern.—Crimsoneyed Rosemallow (Central and Eastern North America)

Hibiscus mutabilis L.—Cotton Rosemallow, Confederate Rose (East Asia)

Hibiscus paramutabilis

Hibiscus pedunculatus

Hibiscus pernambucensis—Seaside Mahoe

Hibiscus phoeniceus—Brazilian Rosemallow

Hibiscus platanifolius

Hibiscus quattenensis

Hibiscus poeppigii—Poeppig's Rosemallow

Hibiscus radiatus—Monarch Rosemallow

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.—Chinese hibiscus (East Asia)

Hibiscus sabdariffa L.—Roselle, Omutete, or Sorrel

Hibiscus schizopetalus—Fringed Rosemallow

Hibiscus scottii

Hibiscus socotranus

Hibiscus sinosyriacus

Hibiscus splendens

Hibiscus stenanthus Balf.f. (Yemen)

Hibiscus striatus—Striped Rosemallow

Hibiscus syriacus L. (Type species)—Rose of Sharon (Asia)

Hibiscus tiliaceus L.—Sea hibiscus (Australia, Southeast Asia, Oceania)

Hibiscus trilobus—Threelobe Rosemallow

Hibiscus trionum L.—Flower-of-an-Hour

Hibiscus vitifolius—Tropical Rose Mallow

Hibiscus waimeae A.Heller—Kokiʻo keʻokeʻo (Hawaii)

  

Cuisine

 

Green salad with carrot, cucumber, onion, sowthistle leaves, and tomato slices

Leaves are eaten as salad greens or cooked like spinach. This is one of the species used in Chinese cuisine as kŭcài (苦菜; lit. bitter vegetable).[citation needed] The younger leaves are less bitter and better to eat raw. Steaming can remove the bitterness of older leaves.[13] The younger roots are also edible and can suffice as a coffee substitute.[14]

 

Nutritive qualities

 

Nutritional analysis reveals 30 – 40 mg of vitamin C per 100g, 1.2% protein, 0.3% fat, 2.4% carbohydrate. Leaf dry matter analysis per 100g (likely to vary with growing conditions) shows: 45g Carbohydrate, 28g protein, 22g ash, 5.9g fibre, 4.5g fat; in all, providing 265 calories.

 

Minerals

 

Calcium: 1500 mg

Phosphorus: 500 mg

Iron: 45.6 mg

Magnesium: 0 mg

Sodium: 0 mg

Potassium: 0 mg

Zinc: 0 mg

Vitamins

 

A: 35 mg

Thiamine (B1): 1.5 mg

Riboflavin (B2): 5 mg

Niacin: 5 mg

B6: 0 mg

C: 60 mg

Herbalism

Edit

Sonchus oleraceus has a variety of uses in herbalism. It also has been ascribed medicinal qualities similar to dandelion and succory.[7] The early Māori people of New Zealand are likely to have gathered it for food and medical use.[15]

 

Native Americans had many uses for this plant. Pima used its gum as a "cure for the opium habit," as a cathartic, and as a food, where the "{l}eaves and stems {were} rubbed between the palms of the hands and eaten raw" and sometimes "boiled." The Yaqui used the plant as a vegetable, where the "{t}ender, young leaves boiled in salted water with chile and eaten as greens." The Kamia (Kumeyaay) "boiled {the} leaves {and} used {it} for food as greens." The {Houma} used it as an abortifacient where an "{i}nfusion of {the} plant {was} taken to 'make tardy menstruation come;'" an antidiarrheal; for children that were teething; and as hog feed

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of fevers, migraine headaches, rheumatoid arthritis, stomach aches, toothaches, insect bites, infertility, and problems with menstruation and labour during childbirth.

This kid is from the village of Turgit, one of the nicest place in Surma territory, in the south of Ethiopia, near the sudanese border.. The access is far from Addis Ababa, but once in the village you can share the real life of the Surma / Suri tribe. Surma people are famous for the Donga stick fighting, but in the daily life, they are much more quiet and welcoming than the tribes from the other side of the Omo river, like the Mursi.

Body paintings are central in the culture of the Omo Valley ethnic groups, in Ethiopia, like the Suri or the Mursi. These paintings made with clay and water, by sliding the fingers on the body, do not only have a decorative purpose. Indeed in these cultures body paintings have a social role and are part of several rituals. The first periods of a girl, the birth of the first child for a woman, the death or a disease of a family member, or the killing of an enemy are circumstances justifying the decoration of the body with paintings. Forms and colours of body paintings in the culture of the tribes of the Omo Valley have a specific meaning. For instance, white color is related to the action of herding cattle. Surma sheperds fully coat themselves with white in order to locate each other from far distances.

Body paintings are especially made during the long periods spent in the camps where the cattle is kept by young men and women. These camps are located far away from the village and the pratice of body painting is an informal and play event seen as an expression of liberty and independance for these young people.

 

Body paintings unfortunately also show the increasing impact of foreign turists. Suri people have developed and created new body paintings as well as new dress codes in order to attract tourists. They have understood that tourists would be more eager to take pictures from them with such decoratives paintings and ornaments, and to pay for it. A few years ago, Suri boys started to disguise by wearing flower headdresses, while Mursi girls started to wear small metallic rollers in their hair, that were formerly worn furing menstruation periods. These dress codes, invented for some of them, have lost their social and cultural meaning.

Noticing these strategies were successful neighboring tribes and villages started to imitate the Surma. These « ethno » tourists influence the material culture of the Omo Valley people and its expression, and by doing so, cause changes, they paradoxally don’t want to see happening.

 

© Eric Lafforgue

www.ericlafforgue.com

Muslim prayer

Five times a day a Muslim is bound to perform the Salaah, the fixed ritual of the Islamic prayer - worship. He should properly go to the nearest mosque to offer his prayers together with the whole congregation. Each of the five periods is preceded by the adhaan (or azaan - ezan as it is more commonly called). The muezzin (mu'adh-dhin in Arabic) calls out on each occasion:

 

Allaabu Akbar (four times - "Allah is Most Great").

Ash'hadu an laa ilaaha illallaah (twice - "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah").

Ash'hadu anna Muhammadar-rasulullaah (twice - "I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah").

Haya 'alas-salaah (twice - "Come to prayer").

Ilaya 'alal falaah (twice - "Come to the good;').

Allaaku Akbar (twice - "Allah is Most Great").

Laa ilaaha illallaah (once - "There is no god but Allah"). Listen to Ezan (.wav format, 1Mb)

 

After the call to the good during the Fajr prayer (just before dawn), the crier calls out twice: "Prayer is better than sleep". Then follows the actual performance of prayer itself in which anything between two or four rituals (each one known as a rak'ah - a "bowing") are performed. The worshipper begins with the qiyam, the standing posture. He raises his hands to his ears and then folds them, right over left, upon his breast. Following this is the ruku in which he bows down and places his hands on his knees, thereafter returning to the standing position. Then comes the sajdah (secde), the prostration of the whole body on the ground. This is performed twice with a brief sitting in between. He then comes back to the sitting position, the qa'dah and passes the greeting as-salaamu alaykum wa rahmatullah - "peace on you and the mercy of Allah". It is known as the taslim and it is said that the worshipper is greeting his fellow Muslims (though some say he is greeting two angels who sit on his shoulders recording his good and bad deeds).

 

In between these postures various expressions and passages of the Qur'an (especially the Suratul- Fatihah) are recited. These include the takbir ("Allah is Most Great"), the tahmid from the Fatiha ("Praise be to Allah"), the tahlil ( There is no god but Allah") and the tasbih ("May Allah be Glorified ). There are variations of these, for example subhaana rabbiyyal Adhiim - "Glorified be the Lord, the Most High . This fixed ritual of prayer is so rigid in Islam that there may be no departure from it and the pious Muslim will slavishly follow it day after day.

 

Prayer is also like a gymnastic exercise and a mechanical act, together with total submission to God of course. Before going into the mosque the worshipper must perform an ablution, washing his face, hands and feet (or, in certain circumstances, a washing of the whole body known as ghusl), the ritual of which is set out in the Qur'an:

 

"When you prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows) rub your heads (with water), and (wash) your feet to the ankles. If you are in a state of ceremonial impurity, bathe your whole body". Surah 5.7. Later in the same verse it is said that the worshipper may use sand or earth, a ritual known as tayammum, where water is not available, in a desert for example.

 

In addition to the five daily prayers there are the tahajjud prayers, a late-night ritual practiced by Muhammad but not commanded by him, as well as tarawih prayers after the last prayer, salautal-isha, during the month of Ramadan. Furthermore on Fridays the great congregational prayer just after midday, the Juma prayer, replaces the midday prayer. In all of these the ritualistic performance of raka'at continues but, apart from these prescribed prayers, Muslims also have a more extemporaneous form of prayer, the dua. This takes the form either of set Arabic phrases or of personal devotions which may also be in Arabic or in the worshipper's language.

 

The times of prayer

Every Muslim, male or female, must offer at least five daily prayers in time, if is no lawful reason for exemption, combination, or temporary delay, They are:

 

The Early Morning Prayer (Salatu-l-Fajr), which may be offered any time after the dawn and before, a total period of about two hours.

The Noon Prayer (Salatu-z-Zuhr). This prayer may be offered anytime after the sun begins to decline from its Zenith until it is about midway on its course to setting. For example, if the sun sets at 7:00 p.m. the prayer time begins a little after 12:00 noon and continues until a little after 3:30 p.m. Soon after that the time of the next prayer begins. However, there are accurate calendars telling the time of each prayer. But if there is none available, one must resort to one's best judgment.

The Mid-Afternoon prayer (Salatu-l-Asr), which begins right after the expiration of the Noon prayer time and extends to sunset.

The sunset prayer (Salatu-l-Maghrib). The time of this prayer begins immediately after sunset and extends till the red glow in the western horizon disappears. Normally it extends over a period of one hour and twenty to thirty minutes.

The Evening prayer (Salatu-l-Isha), which begins after the red glow in the western horizon disappears (nearly one hour and thirty minutes after sunset) and continues till a before the dawn.

It is noticeable that Islam has set the times of prayer in such a way that our spiritual recreation remarkably coincides with our physical nourishment, and combines the peace of mind with the relaxation of body. The early Morning Prayer is due in the regular period of breakfast; the Noon Prayer coincides with the lunch period; the Mid-Afternoon Prayer falls about the break time for tea or coffee; the sunset Prayer is about the supper time; and the Evening Prayer corresponds with the late snack. It is also noticeable that the Muslim, by observing these prayers, marks the whole day with a spiritual stamp in the beginning, at the end and throughout. So he combines religion and life, feels the presence of God within him throughout the day, concludes his daily transactions with a spiritual feeling and builds up his moral prestige on strong foundations. Moreover, in this way the Muslim introduces spiritual vitality into all aspects of his life, and religion presents itself to all fields of activity. Indeed, this timetable of prayer is remarkable because it is the work of God and the product of Islam. It is always preferable to offer the prayer as soon as the time sets in, last some things cause unexpected delay or postponement. These prayers are Divine contests. The Noon (Zuhr) and the Afternoon (Asr) Prayers may be offered together, if a person is traveling, sick or pregnant. The same permission is granted with regard to the Sunset (Maghrib) and the evening (Isha) Prayers.

 

The partial ablution

Before offering the prayer one must be in good shape and pure condition. It is necessary to wash the parts of the body which are generally exposed to dirt or dust or smog.

 

Declare the intention that the act is for the purpose of Worship and purity.

Wash the hands up to the wrists three times.

Rinse out the mouth with water three times preferably with a brush whenever it is possible.

Cleanse the nostrils of the nose by sniffing water in to them three times.

Wash the whole face three times with both hands if possible from the top of the forehead to the bottom of the chin and from ear to ear.

Wash the right arm three times up to the far end of the elbow and then do the same with the left arm.

Wipe the whole head or any part of it with a wet hand once.

Wipe the inner sides of the ears with the forefingers and their outer sides with the thumbs. This should be done with wet fingers.

Wipe around the neck with wet hands.

Wash the two feet up to the ankles three times beginning with the right foot.

At this stage the ablution is completed and the person who has performed it is ready to start his prayer. When the ablution is valid a person may keep it as long as he can and may use for as many prayers as he wishes.

 

Nullification of the Ablution

The ablution becomes nullified by any of the following.

 

Natural discharges i.e., urine, stools, gas, etc.

The flow of blood or pus and the like from any part of the body.

Vomiting.

Falling asleep.

Losing one's reason by taking drugs or any intoxicating stuff. After the occurrence of any of these things the ablution must be renewed for prayer. Also, after natural discharges, water should be applied because the use of toilet tissues may not be sufficient for the purpose of purity and worship.

Complete substitute for the Ablution (Tayammum)

Tayammum or resort to pure earth may substitute for the ablution and even the bath. This is allowed in any of the following cases.

 

When a person is sick and cannot use water.

When he has no access to water in sufficient quantity.

When the use of water is likely to do him harm or cause any disease.

When the performance of ablution makes the person miss a funeral or Eed prayer which has no substitute.

In any of these instances it is permissible to make Tayammum which is performed as follows.

 

Strike both hands slightly on pure earth or sand or stone.

Shake the hands off and wipe the face with them once in the same way as done in the ablution.

Strike the hands again and wipe the right arm to the elbow with the left hand and the left arm with the right hand.

Special Facilities in Ablution

With regard to the ablution Islam has offered certain facilities. If socks or stocking are on and have been put on after performing an ablution, it is not necessary to take them off when renewing the ablution while traveling. Instead of taking them off, we wet hand and may be passed over them. They should be removed, however, and the feet washed at least once in every twenty four hours. The same practice may be restored to if the boots are on and their soles and appearance are clean. Similar a wound in any of the parts which must be washed in the ablution, and if washing that particular part is likely to cause harm, it is permissible to wipe the dressing bandage of the wound with a wet hand.

 

The complete Ablution (Ghusl / Bath)

The whole body with the nostrils, mouth and head must be washed by a complete bath before entering prayer in any of the following cases:

 

After intimate intercourse;

After wet dreams;

Upon expiration of the menstruation period of woman;

At the end of the confinement period of nursing woman, which, is estimated at a maximum of forty days. If it ends before, complete ablution should be done.

It should be pointed out that at the start of the bath or ablution the intention must be clear that it is for the purpose of purity and worship. Also, a person who is performing an ablution, partial or complete, should combine his performance with some utterances glorifying Allah and praying him for true guidance. The forms of such utterances and described in detail in the elaborate sources of the religion. One, however, can say one's own best utterances if one does not know the exact wo sufficient as long as it is in the praise of Allah and is said with sincerity.