Atmosphere of The Derby Epsom Downs
View allAll Photos Tagged mathematician
The inflorescence of Romanesco broccoli or Romanesque cauliflower. Each bud is composed of a series of smaller buds, each arranged in a logarithmic spiral. Mathematicians use the term fractal to describe a curve or geometrical figure, each part of which has the same statistical character as the whole. In Romanesco broccoli, the pattern is only an approximate fractal since the pattern eventually terminates when the feature is sufficiently small. For more information see: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanesco_broccoli
Please view enlarged.
I am very grateful for the very kind comments and faves. Thanks for visiting.
There is a colour photo (shallower dof) in the first comment.
f/32 1.6sec ISO 800 Pentax 100mm Pentax K-1
"Ooops ... I need to review the logarithms"
For Flickr group "Happy Caturday!", topics: "Our cats by numbers"
Taken on the dark and rainy Nottingham Light Night 2021.
More information about the mill and the mathematician can be found here:
73/365
I went into Waterstones and bought a copy of The Illustrated Brief History of Time this morning. And a couple of poetry books. I really do not think I can walk out of a bookshop with any less than two books. I do not think I have ever even tried. For all I know, walking out of a bookshop with less than two books will tear a hole in the universe. I guess I will not try it, just in case.
These past few years I have actually noticed well-known people dying. Like, it must have happened before, but the only deaths I remember being reported and publicised before 2016 were Michael Jackson and Amy Winehouse. And I do not know why, but those are the only two deaths I remember hearing about on the news. And now everybody seems to be dying. And then I think, well there are probably still people alive today who remember the day Einstein died (interestingly, it is Einstein’s birthday today. And Pi day. Seriously, the mathematicians out there must be going nuts right now) and I guess, in a way, Einstein’s death would have felt much the same as Stephen Hawkins’ death feels. Another interesting death was Karl Marx, who also died on the 14th March. However, I do not think there are many people alive today who remember the day Karl Marx died.
The Mathematician
The Father of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence
The Logician
The Cryptanalyst
The Philosopher
The Genius
The Saver of Lives
One of the Greatest Persons of the 20th Century
One of the Greatest Ever Britons
.... and the victim of a cruel society.
Alan Turing
Read: 10 Facts About Enigma Codebreaker Alan Turing
Read: Alan Turing
Artwork ©jackiecrossley
© All rights reserved. This image may not be copied, reproduced, distributed, republished, displayed, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying & recording without my written permission. This image is not authorised for use on your blogs, pinboards, websites or use in any other way. You may not download this image without my written permission from me. Thank you.
Taken 20 metres from The City of Nottingham Skyline photos during the same week..
Green's Windmill in Sneinton was built by the father of notable scientist and mathematician George Green in 1807. Today the working Mill is a popular museum and science centre, which teaches new generations of children about the valuable work of George Green.
Sadly, the mill was badly damaged by a fire in 1947, but was later restored by Nottingham City Council in the 1980's. The windmill began milling again in December 1986 and the giant sails can still be seen working to this day.
Galileo Galilei was an important Italian scientist, physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. His scientific contribution started a new era in the history of astronomy, he was the first astronomer to access new knowledge using the telescope. He defended the concept that the Earth was not the center of the universe.
Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy, on February 15, 1564, son of Vincenzo Galilei and Julia Ammannati. His parents noticed Galilei's great intelligence and special aptitudes from an early age. The boy showed an interest in the arts and performed excellent paintings, demonstrating manual skill and creativity to manufacture toys and contraptions. He played the organ and zither with aplomb. Thus, Galilei excelled in studies at the Sunday school in Vallombrosa and planned to enter the monastery, but his father did not agree with the idea and enrolled him to study medicine at the University of Pisa. Two years after joining, he dropped out of the course and went to dedicate himself to the study of mathematics. The move did not please his father, and Galilei ended up dropping out of the University in 1585. He did not complete any degrees, but in the same year he went to Florence and began giving private lessons to support himself. He stood out for his research in geometry and continued with his mathematical studies.
It was at this time that he invented the hydrostatic balance, a mechanism that would be published in a detailed treatise in the year 1644. In 1589, in recognition of his scientific contributions and brilliant reasoning, he was appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa. He was not welcomed by teachers, as he was only 25 years old, had incomplete academic training and publicly discredited Aristotle's established theories. In 1590 Galilei published a treatise on the motion of bodies. In 1591 he was removed from the professorship, after succumbing to intrigues and disputes with Aristotle's supporters. In 1592 he was appointed by the Senate of Venice to teach mathematics at the University of Padua, a position he would hold for 18 years. In 1609 he built a telescope based on the one previously invented by Hans Lippershey in Holland. Galilei made meticulous observations of the sky and incredible discoveries: he located the four largest moons of Jupiter and the mountains and craters on the Moon's surface. And when he detected spots present on the Sun's surface, the discovery helped to prove his theory that the star rotated on an axis. He investigated Saturn and observed what appeared to be two fixed moons, which were the edges of Saturn's ring system, but Galilei's telescope was not accurate enough to determine exactly what those points were.
His findings were collected and published in March 1610 in the book “The Messenger of the Stars”. The work was acclaimed and also generated much controversy, as Galilei publicly defended Nicolaus Copernicus' theory that the Sun was the center of our Solar System, not the Earth. At that time, the Catholic Church fully controlled science and held the opposite view, that the center was the Earth.
In 1616 Galilei was cornered by the authorities of the Inquisition and threatened with the death penalty if he did not publicly deny the scientific truths he had proved. He was expressly prohibited from teaching and propagating ideas that were contrary to the position of the Church. Even so, in 1632 he published the "Dialogue Concerning the Two Greatest Systems of the Universe", causing the Church's total rejection and intolerance. Prevented from continuing with his research and theories, the scientist retired to his castle located in Arcetri, a village near Florence, where he dedicated himself to pursuing his experiments alone.
Galileo Galilei died on January 8, 1642 in Arcetri, Italy. He was almost blinded by the observation of sunspots done without adequate protection for decades. Three hundred and fifty years later, through Pope John Paul II, on October 31, 1992, the Catholic Church formally recognized the legitimacy of Galilei's theories.
***
He is reburied here:
long stories shortened... (discarded and abandoned and intertwined short stories) well..actually they are chunks and fragmets and notes of stories that never made it
____________________________________________
a young PhD math candidate writing his dissertation on an obscure arab mathematician from the middle ages who specialized in cycles and periods in infinite series and develops a process to determine prime number density in a large number space. (which is all and good) except this makes it an excellent tool to decrypting military grade encryption, which is based on the computational difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime components
the arab mathematician was ultimately censured by the religious mullahs for developing tools to rationalize the infinite, which is of course the nature of Allah and for man to attempt to place Allah into a human scale is blasphemy
so the arab mathematician disappears and the young phd candidate finds that his dissertation has been suspended pending review but cant get any information on who is reviewing it
finally another young mathematician approaches him and starts a long discussion on math and the nature of numbers and the mathematicians love of the underlying structure of reality that math represents. the phd candidate is leary of this mathematician cause he wont answer what he does or where he went to school or how he knows so many cutting edge fields in math
eventually, the young mathematician offers the phd candidate a position with the NSA, National Security Agency, (where all the big crypto and high math goes on) but explains that if he accepts that he will essentially disappear from his current world. his work will be classified, he will not be able to publish in academic journals or speak in public, or talk about his work to his friends on the outside, but the compensation is that he
would be able to work unfettered with the greatest math minds in the country, totally funded, free to explore any field or fancy he thought. after a few moments of thought, the phd accepts.
then the story will go back to the arab mathematician who is also approached my a young beared mullah, who offers him a position within his group of thinkers who do ponder and explore the nature of nature reality and Allah through mathematics, but that by joining them he would need to disappear from the world, after a few minutes of thought, he too accepts...
--
Daniel sipped his 6th coffee (colloidal suspension for caffeine transport) while his batch jobs on ramanet, the Indian supergrid, finished their checksum verification. His chin, a bit stubbly, itched. His eyes, a bit red, were sore. The goa trance shoutcast feed had mushed into a fast cadence drone. The flat screen monitor warped and bulged with the oscillating fan blowing on Daniel's face
'O' glamorous larval life of a PhD student...' he jotted and doodle-circled on his notepad.
Daniel cracked his neck and jutted his jaw, stretching out the accumulation of kinks, as RamaNet finished the final integrity check on his dataset. this two hour round of processing on the Indian supergrid would cost about $130 out of his precious grant fund, but you couldnt beat the bargain. 120 minutes times 150,000 PCs in the RamaNet processing collective = 1,080,000,000 seconds or 18,000,000 minutes or 300,000 hours or 12500 days or 34.25 years of processing time for the price of a video game. Calculation was commoditized now. You uploaded your pre-fromatted dataset to RamaNet. the data was packeted and sent to out to 150,000 Indians who lent a few percents of never-to-be missed CPU cycles off their systems for background processing. when their alotted package was completed it was sent back to RamaNet for re-assembly into something coherent for the buyer. in return the Indians got a rebate on their net access charges or access to premier bollywood galleries or credit towards their own processing charges. a good deal all the way around. Daniel's dataset, an anthology of complex proofs from a long-dead arab mathematician, was queued with amateur weather forecast modeling, home-brewed digital CGI for indie movies, chaos theory-based currency trading algorithms, etc. the really high end, confidential jobs, like protein folding analysis or big pharm drug trials were more likely handled by the huge western collectives of several million collaborative systems, usually high-performance machines in dedicated corporate server farms. the cost there was out of Daniel's range, but you got a faster return and better promises of encryption for your buck.
Daniel scratched his scalp and flexed his fingers. 'two months from today i will be a doctor of mathematics...and no job. damnit. i need to find something fast.' Daniel calculated in his mind how quickly the student loans repayments would kick in and completely wipe him out. RamaNet would have done it in nanoseconds, ha! he laughed to himself. Daniel had avoided the rounds of job interviews and recommendations that passed his way. he was too absorbed in his research to look ahead, and perhaps a bit intimidated by the idea of the job hunt flea market. flexing his CV, getting a monkey suit, trying to explain his research to recruiters, who were often the same finger-counting business majors in college that made his skin crawl. Daniel always felt a bit embarrassed when he announced he was math PhD candidate. folks would immediately glaze over,
tsk tsk out a 'that's interesting', and swiftly change the subject. something will come up, he mantra'd to himself over and over, something will come up. stick with ali, there is something real in there, just a bit deeper. the real problem was his thesis advisor. dr. fuentes was not returning his calls, his secretary was not taking appointments from Daniel. he had submitted his finished draft of his thesis two weeks ago, but hadnt heard back since, except for a cryptic email saying that the review committee was having some issues with his paper and that Daniel would be hearing from him shortly. Daniel was rerunning his calculations on RamaNet to assuage the gnawing doubt that he completely botched some component of his argument and that the review committee was debating some manner of telling him to redo the entire effort. no PhD and no job. that would ice the cake. Daniel started calculating his body mass and general aerodynamic resistance relative to the height of the school cathedral to figure out if he had time to reach a terminal velocity before impact...only a failed math PhD would attempt to determine at what speed his body would smack concrete, he morbidly thought to himself.
ali ja'far muhammed ibn abdullah al-farisi slipped meditatively on his cup of water, thinking about his proof. he dipped a finger in the cup and held up a droplet of water under his fingertip, watching the sunlight prisimatically splay out on the mouth of the cup. 'praise be Allah and his wonderous bounty' he mumured to himself.
the elders had been in conference all day over his proof. though the heavy doors to their chamber were closed, he would occasionally hear muffled but distinctly angry shouts. ali sat on a divan in the anteroom, served numerous cups of tea by an obviously nervous secretary. ali knew there was deep resistance to his research, but for the life of him he couldnt figure out why. he was a simple mathematician. he came up with some unique observations. he wanted to share them with his peers...
_____________________________________________________
Overview: biotech researcher discovers a new life-extension technology and is murdered. He is cryogenically frozen for 150 years. When he is
revived he must stop a dark corporate conspiracy – and find his murderer.
Summer 2015 - Hot genius free-lance biotech researcher unravels the key component of a radical life-extension gene therapy that will ensure 300 years of robust life to its recipients. The researcher is murdered shortly after he hides the critical component. His distraught friend has him cryogenically frozen. 150 years later, the researcher is revived by the same major bio-med corporation for which he had originally been working.
Quickly he realizes that their motives are less than altruistic: his modification of the gene therapy is needed to resolve an unforeseen debilitation now creeping up in the recipients of the life-extension process. The recipients, now nearing 125 years off added life, are decompensating into psychotics. The researcher at first tries to remember and reconstruct what he did with the hidden critical component, but stops in disgust when he learns that in the past 150 years the life-extension therapy has been reserved solely for the ultra-affluent and has created an extreme and cruel global gerontocratic elite. He voices his disgust to his corporate minders, who cease being beneficent and show their true colors as trying to gain control of this critical technology in order to control the elites.
In the process of dealing with the corporation, he learns about his murder and begins investigating.As he comes closer to the identity of his murderer, he uncovers a wider conspiracy and is the target of more murder attempts.
He was killed by a friend in 2015. The friend was the CEO of a small bio-gen firm that the researcher was doing the LET work for. The CEO, a biz-head with a genetics academic background, took the researcher’s work and exploited it as his own, in the process growing his small firm into a bio-med powerhouse and him into one of the world’s wealthiest individuals.
The CEO also was the first recipient of the LET and is now 190 years old, but doesn’t look a day over 45. Smart, urbane, ruthless, the CEO used his wealth and position to start the cabal of Ultras. It is a faction of the top 50 smartest and wealthiest people in the world who have ‘ascended from the world’ (faked their demise) and control the global economy with their vast coordinated wealth. Perhaps they will call themselves ‘The Ascended’. We need to decide how the cabal lives. Are they sequestered on a luxurious island compound, or do they live in the open, surgically re-sculpted after each faked death, or do they live in the open.
Also we need to figure out what the world will look and feel like in 150 years.
As the ultras decompensate into psychosis, the CEO orders the researcher to be revived in order to find a cure. The CEO had the researcher’s lab notes decrypted and figured that the he was close if not successful in finding the missing component to stabilize the LET.
Tiberius Syndrome: the decline into cruel psychosis experienced by the ultras, named after the roman emperor Tiberius’ degenerate behavior after he sequestered himself on Capri.
The ironic twist might be that there is no cure, no stabilization. The psychosis is not the result of the LET alone, but also due in part to the unfettered ego/wills of the ultras. Absolute power corrupts…
________________________________________________________
a brazilian hacking syndicate was subcontracted by a st petersberg crew to run interference on a hit on SWIFT, the global currency clearinghouse notification network. The UniFavela clan was going to run a multi-flank raid. They specialized in fast propagating virii and had created a custom mail-in virus that exploited a few microsoft vulnerabilities that they had discovered and kept mum. Their target was a Latin American PR spokesman listed on the corporate web site for press queries. The PR flak would be just the sleepy guard on the wall for their virus to slip past. 30 minutes after opening an inocuous spoofed email from a French e-trade publication requesting clarification on the SWIFT-Indentrus partnership. the virus would port scan and map its entire site LAN, salmoning its way up the router paths till it found the deep waters of the main corporate campus network in Brussels. Shortly, the internal LAN at Brussels would be suffering switch and router buffer overflows and traffic would gasp, ack, and sputter. UniFavela would then towel whip out a vanilla DDOS on the main company web site, any INTERNIC-registered addresses, and any other system in the IP block reserved for SWIFT that had previously port scanned as interesting, or ,even, as nothing. Mongols charging the village gates and tossing flaming torches on thatched roofs. IT Operations would be running to and fro, trying to figure out the internal bandwidth crunch and if there was a bleedout causing the external net problems.
____________________________________________________________
The Post-Human Story of Minos:
the CEO of a powerful commercial combine is bore an illegitimate son by his indiscreet wife in retaliation for his own dalliances. the son has a hideous deformity but is fantastically brilliant - brilliant enough for the father overcome his own repulsion of the child - as a bastard and a freak. the father sequesters the child in an elaborate virtual domain. the child, a hacker savant, is used to breach competitor nets. but as his power in the digital realm expands, the child transforms into the tyrant-monster. using the nets, he lashes out at people who have caused him pain, then evolves into enjoying the taste of terror and fear. He becomes the Minotaur.
____________________________________________________________
'there was a mad scramble amongst all the big spook governments, dark side corporations, and the privacy maccabees once it was determined that quantum computation had left the tidal pool of academia, grown legs and air-breathing lungs, and was headed for the nat sec intel highlands. all previous encryption models were rendered obsolete, and worse, exposed. QC became an undefiable xray spotlight, laying bare any encrypted secret with a ease of opening a mathematical candy wrapper. And for a while it swung the advantage back to the state in the digital Boer War against the freecon partisans.'
____________________________________________________________
The Oort, to the Intras, looked as one people. Extra-stellar hillbillies, ekeing out a subsistance existence on extracted organics from the frozen crud comets and other planetesimals of the Oort Cloud that slung around the solar system in a 1K AU circuit. To the Oort there was no Oort. Each station, each kampong was distinct and seperate. Seperate dialects, traditions, norms, goals. Some were scientific collectives, some were tired mining operations, some were intense sectarian cults - they shared little between themselves beyond necessary trade links for scarce commodities.
---
A young prince is disgraced in an internal court scandal and sent into a quasi-exile on a worthless mission. On his travels he builds the wisdom and learns the skills necessary to be a just and effective leader.
His exile was a gambit by his patriarch to remove Genji from the arena of pointless court intrigues and develop him as a real leader. The patriarch dispatched a team of loyal praetorians to discreetly follow and protect Genji on his odyssey.
Genji was sent as an emissary to the Oort system. He must pass through the Martian-Saturnine corridor, populated with industrial trading guilds and their private militias.
----
Genealogy becomes paramount in a closed culture; hierarchy by heredity. Reference the roman patrician class’ death-grip obsession with lineage, or the medieval Japanese imperial court’s strict intra-elite caste system.
But in an era of extreme genetic engineering, how can bloodlines retain their importance? Perhaps this is the wrong question. Perhaps in an era of extreme genetic engineering, authentic bloodlines can only retain their importance. The longevity of an unchanged gene line demonstrates success in evolutionary competition. Over time however, the fitness of a rigidly enforced and ‘sequestered’ gene line will degrade. Consider the hemophilia of the European royal strata.
I would not want the imperial court of the inner system to be pure blue bloods, eschewing genetic manipulation. Rather I would have them take the opposite tack – and embrace genetic engineering in the pursuit of perfecting particular socially valued or distinctive attributes; a roman nose, elongated refined fingers, even the possession of certain ‘noble’ afflictions (for ex., the aforementioned hemophilia as a sign of noble lineage).
The elites should pursue genealogy with the same passion and gusto as horse breeders; studs and mares and percentages of bloodlines, enforced and suppressed gene expressions, surrogates, and gene modes des saisons.
__________________________________________________________
a bum finds a the wallet and keys of a man who jumped from a bridge
he goes to his townhouse to find something to eat or steal
is impressed and overwhelmed with the man's townhouse
showers, eats, gets cleaned up, finds some clothes
is ready to leave when he helps a woman wrestling with groceries at her door
she thanks him, but looks stunned.
‘are you the man in #560? umm..i have lived here for 3 years and have never actually seen you. you seem to leave so early in the morning and get
home so late and keep to yourself.’
they spend 30 minutes talking, having a generally warm friendly encounter.
‘well, I am so glad to have finally met you. Hope to see you soon.’ As she closes her door, the bum turns to leave but pauses and thinks for a moment, then goes back into the man's townhouse
he pours through the man's papers and keepsakes and learns that the man has no family that he speaks with, no friends, lives off a well-endowed trust fund
and
the bum moves in and takes over the mans identity
he brings warmth and sincerity to the man's identity
what makes a hermit tick? what lengths do they go to to remove themselves from society? does it become a game to avoid contact, trying to become a shadow, a phantom? does society dissolve away as a mental force in their thoughts, atrophy away or does it become an amputated impression?
what divsion line stands between a hermit and convict in solitary? the hermit, by and large, chooses their isolation, the convict has it enforced upon them. at what point does the human need for society or socialization collapse? is there anything left that we can inspect and evaluate? a hermit, however, is able to maintain walls against the Great Other, which would imply that they are seeking refuge from the world. a schizo or an autistic will be physically surrounded by others but unable or incapable of making contact.
when does the will to contact die? what is left over? do humans require contact to retain our humanity? can you love and sacrifice in a vacuum?
what defines humanity? oooh, a big question...
___________________________________________________________________
genetic engineering will continue to deconstruct the human species
there will be catastrophic disasters: gene sequence specific viruses engineered to attack 'types' of people. Der Genkampf
petroleum will be replaced- hydrogen-powered locomotion and green power (in the wealthy states). the poor states will continue to be held hostage to oil politics
(cultures and civilizations do not move forward uneringly. they spasticly jerk forward and fro, in clumps andgrains, never ever as a lemming death drive.)
developed economies will be netized. a new state structure will be needed to manage and dsitribute resources. the corporate structure, the commercial backbone of the capitalist democracy, will replace the republic. it is flexible to markets and political forces, insistent on accountability, it provides a sufficient compromise between individual representation and republican government. they will begin their political evolution as projects in community development. assurances of an educated workforce by charter education. assurances of uninterrupted utilities by running their own power/water etc. net-based marketplaces create corporate agoras. employees are in fact de facto citizens of the corporation. citizenship, or regular employment, will be a reward for merit, stock shares will count towards suffrage.
great corporate collectives will arise. housing, education, security...all the needs of the middle class will be absorbed in the corporate state. the tradtional state will cede roles and responsibilities to the corporate state as their resources dwindle. a few isolated violent reactions (military or legal)by the republics against the corporate states, but they will fail over time. against, or more so, in conjunction with the homogenized corporatsists wil be the diasporae, non-corporates will glom to other modes of networked alignment, ethnic allegiance will become stronger over time - as the chinese, indian, and jewish disporaestrengthen as a formula for a successful competition against/with the corporates.
the american state, succored by its overwhelming techo-military supremancy, loses its mission, its vision - substitutes will to dominate for will to excel - and falls into the deep narcotic, insulated slumber of the unassailable. GE, nano, and the banknote net weaken the mythic cohesion of the american spirit. we are no longer united by common experience (mass-mediated or otherwise) the promise of science to make us stronger, smarter, near immortal is held like a manifest destiny or a divine IOU for services rendered to humanity.
Hannah Fry ~ Waterstones ~ St James's Church ~ Piccadilly ~ London ~ England ~ Thursday March 28th 2019.
www.flickriver.com/photos/kevenlaw/popular-interesting/ Click here to see My most interesting images
Purchase some of my images here ~ www.saatchiart.com/account/artworks/24360 ~ Should you so desire...go on, make me rich..lol...Oh...and if you see any of the images in my stream that you would like and are not there, then let me know and I'll add them to the site for you..:))
You can also buy my WWT card here (The Otter image) or in the shop at the Wetland Centre in Barnes ~ London ~ www.wwt.org.uk/shop/shop/wwt-greeting-cards/european-otte...
Have a Fabulous Friday Y'all..:)
The village church in Esh dates from 1283 although it was heavily restored in 1770 and again in 1850. King Edward I attended Mass on the 10th September 1306 while on his way from Durham to Hexham and left an offering of seven shillings. Another iconic person linked to the church from 1835 until his death was the British astronomer, scientist, mathematician and theologian Templeton Chevalier who was also the Vicar at the church from 1835 to 1873. He is buried in the churchyard. The church is Grade II listed.
Commonly named the hortensia, is a genus of more than 70 species of flowering plants native to Asia and the Americas.
Hydrangea is derived from Greek and means ‘water vessel’ in reference to the shape of its seed capsules. The earlier name, Hortensia, is a Latinised version of the French given name Hortense, honoring French astronomer and mathematician Nicole-Reine Hortense Lepaute.
In 1961, mathematician Edward Lorenz from the Institute of Technology in Boston was running simulations on a computer about the evolution of the climate of a certain region and discovered that small perturbations in the initial conditions of the system generated significant divergences over time. It was nothing more and nothing less than the birth of the famous phrase "A butterfly's flap of wings could cause a hurricane" and, with it, the beginnings of Chaos Theory. Over the years, mathematicians such as Mitchell Feigenbaum, David Ruelle, Floris Takens, and even Benoit Mandelbrot (father of fractal geometry) were working on the theory.
Towards the end of the 1980s, G. J. Sussman, J. Wisdom, and J. Laskar used powerful computers to perform a numerical simulation of the behavior of the outer and inner planets and discovered that, after a significant number of years, their orbits exhibited chaotic behavior. In particular, the orbital motion of the Earth and with it the Moon, was unstable after ten million years.
For now, regardless of changes, scientific advances, our finitude and contingency, and the fragile flutter of a butterfly, the planets and their moons remain there, within reach of our telescopes, beyond chaos and order in the bowels of disorder.
-------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
From left to right: Ganymede, Europa, Jupiter and Io.
-------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
Maksutov Cassegrain Telescope "Explore Scientific" 127, f/15.
Player One Ceres-C Camera.
Jupiter captured with Barlow Celestron X-Cell LX, 2x.
Moons captured without barlow for the final composition.
-------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
December 24, 2023, 00:35 UT. Rural area, Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
Secret #26: Having a degree in maths does not mean I can count! Seriously, I can prove theorems like "i to the power of i is a great number of real distinct numbers"... but I suck at splitting the restaurant bill.
If you are not a mathematician, you are unlikely to know of a gentleman named August Ferdinand Möbius, who was a professor of Mathematics and Astronomy at the University of Leipzig. Despite being outlandishly talented, the good professor didn’t exactly blaze through academic ranks because he was unable to attract paying students to take his class and would advertise his lectures as ‘free’ to get adequate enrollment. However, the absentminded professor considered mathematics to be poetic, and ended up defining and lending his name to one of the most enigmatic two-dimensional structures: the Möbius band (or, Möbius strip).
Yes, all of us have seen a Möbius band: the recycling sign on plastic or the infinity sign are great examples of Möbius band. To make a Möbius strip of your own, find yourself a rectangular strip of paper and glue both ends of the strip together after half-twisting the paper (by 180 degrees). Many things are extremely remarkable about this structure. Most uniquely, this two-dimensional structure has one surface. Don’t believe? Find yourself a ink pen and mark your initials anywhere on the surface. Now, with your finger tip, travel away from your initials along the central line of the strip surface. Keep going without lifting your finger from the paper. When you will have traveled the whole strip twice, you will find your fingers back on your initials –– convinced, that’s only one surface?
This 'one surface' property leads to another unintuitive – almost tantalizing – nature of this unique structure where the laterally inverted (mirror image) form of any physical point exists on the same surface! In a regular piece of paper, your initials and its mirror image (bleed-through the paper) would be on two different surfaces; To travel between them, you will have to switch surfaces. But in your personal paper Möbius strip, it is now possible to start from your initials, and without altering surfaces, reach their bleed-through mirror image, which is apparently on the other side of the surface from your initials! Also, one could keep walking on the only surface of the strip forever without ever needing to turn around – if you didn’t already, now you know why the infinity sign looks as it does!
Finally, the most unintuitive signature of Mobius structures is that they are unorientable. What’s that, right? Points on orientable things, like a ball or a bat, can be ‘inward’ and ‘outward’ or ‘upward’ and ‘downward’. No matter how you rotate the ball, an ‘outward’ point will always remain outward. But on a Möbius band, a point can slide from an ‘outward’ to an ‘inward’ orientation by rotating the strip. Simply put, the Möbius band has no ‘sidedness’. Here, every point and its mirror-image have collapsed on the same surface. It is as if, all dichotomies have disappeared and dimensions have warped-up somewhere!
Do Möbius bands exist in nature? Yes, they do. Despite the illusory visual of being so, the famous namesake arch in Alabama hills, CA is geometrically not a Möbius band. But, non-fictitious Möbius bands exist in nature elsewhere. Crystals of certain chemical compounds (e.g., niobium and selenium, NbSe3) display Möbius structures. In quantum physics, waveforms for fermions (not bosons) curiously reminds one of the Möbius pattern. Now, imagine how nice would it be if we had Möbius roller coasters or freeways in our perceivable world? We could then hop on them to simultaneously be ourselves and our mirror image – our alter ago – thereby drawing a closure to all our dichotomies. Wouldn’t it be nice if that happened?
Let me close with a crazy thought. What if, Möbius bands come into existence somewhere in those ten dimensions (M-theory) around us somewhen during magical times of the day, but due to limitations of our perceptual faculties, we are unable to acknowledge their presence?
Melba Roy Mouton (1929-1990) was a mathematician and computer programmer in NASA’s Trajectory and Geodynamics Division, acting as the Assistant Chief of Research Programs. Mouton worked at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, coding computer programs to calculate the trajectories and locations of various aircraft. She also led the group of "human computers," who tracked the Echo satellites. Roy and her team's computations helped produce the orbital element timetables by which millions could view the satellite from Earth as it passed overhead.
Image Credit: NASA
#nasa #NASAmarshall #history #blackhistorymonth #BHM
Rachel Riley ~ Trolled ~ Kingspace ~ Kings Cross ~ London ~ England ~ Sunday September 15th 2019.
www.flickriver.com/photos/kevenlaw/popular-interesting/ Click here to see My most interesting images
Purchase some of my images here ~ www.saatchiart.com/account/artworks/24360 ~ Should you so desire...go on, make me rich..lol...Oh...and if you see any of the images in my stream that you would like and are not there, then let me know and I'll add them to the site for you..:))
You can also buy my WWT card here (The Otter image) or in the shop at the Wetland Centre in Barnes ~ London ~ www.wwt.org.uk/shop/shop/wwt-greeting-cards/european-otte...
Well, I had the absolute awesome pleasure of seeing & meeting the always gorgeous Mathematician & TV Presenter Rachel Riley at the @kingsplacelondon in #london for a live #podcast of #trolled Both, she, Tracy Ann Oberman & Nick Cohen were as awesome as you'd expect on the difficult subject of "On line" abuse!!! 😊
Have a great Monday Y'all..:)
This Group become a mathematicians today at a University of Szeged . Found them drinking vodka ,beer and other good stuff at side of the fountain ! two of them had math hat !
View through the staircase of the Cultural Palace of Targu Mures (Transylvania, ROMANIA)
János Bolyai (15 December 1802 – 27 January 1860) a Hungarian mathematician, one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry - a geometry that differs from Euclidean geometry in its definition of parallel lines - lived and died in this city.
Rachel Riley ~ Trolled ~ Kingspace ~ Kings Cross ~ London ~ England ~ Sunday September 15th 2019.
www.flickriver.com/photos/kevenlaw/popular-interesting/ Click here to see My most interesting images
Purchase some of my images here ~ www.saatchiart.com/account/artworks/24360 ~ Should you so desire...go on, make me rich..lol...Oh...and if you see any of the images in my stream that you would like and are not there, then let me know and I'll add them to the site for you..:))
You can also buy my WWT card here (The Otter image) or in the shop at the Wetland Centre in Barnes ~ London ~ www.wwt.org.uk/shop/shop/wwt-greeting-cards/european-otte...
Well, I had the absolute awesome pleasure of seeing & meeting the always gorgeous Mathematician & TV Presenter Rachel Riley at the @kingsplacelondon in #london for a live #podcast of #trolled Both, she, Tracy Ann Oberman & Nick Cohen were as awesome as you'd expect on the difficult subject of "On line" abuse!!! 😊
Have a great Hump Day Wednesday Y'all..:)
Alan Turing, widely regarded as the father of modern computer science, lived in Hampton, in the London Borough of Richmond, for a while. Not that far from where I live, actually, which is the reason for my interest.
A brilliant codebreaker as we all now know, Alan Turing studied mathematical logic at King’s College, Cambridge, becoming a Fellow at the age of 22. Seven years later, in 1939, he joined the UK’s Code and Cipher School at Bletchley Park, where he worked on breaking the German Enigma code.
After the war, he worked at the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington, where he designed the ACE general purpose electronic computer (a working model of which is to be found in the Science Museum, London). While at the NPL he lived nearby, here at Ivy House in Hampton High Street, which he shared with others.
In the Bletchley Park museum, there’s an outstanding life-size sculpture of Alan Turing, created from half a million pieces of slate by Stephen Kettle. It really is a remarkable work of art, and you can see it here.
Srinivasa Ramanujan FRS was an Indian mathematician who l had almost no formal training in pure mathematics. He made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions, including solutions to mathematical problems then considered unsolvable. Ramanujan initially developed his own mathematical research in isolation. Seeking mathematicians who could better understand his work, in 1913 he began a postal partnership with the English mathematician G. H. Hardy at the University of Cambridge, England. Recognizing Ramanujan's work as extraordinary, Hardy arranged for him to travel to Cambridge. In his notes, Ramanujan had produced groundbreaking new theorems, including some that Hardy said had "defeated him and his colleagues completely", in addition to rediscovering recently proven but highly advanced results.
Otton Nikodym and Stefan Banach who were sitting here in Cracow in October 1916 and met another famous mathematicial - prof. Hugo Steinhaus;
commemorative monument - the author Stefan Dousa; financed by the Astor company; October 2016; Poland
*** *** ***
I'm stampolina and I love to take photos of stamps. Thanks for visiting this pages on flickr.
I'm neither a typical collector of stamps, nor a stamp dealer. I'm only a stamp photograph. I'm fascinated of the fine close-up structures which are hidden in this small stamp-pictures. Please don't ask of the worth of these stamps - the most ones have a worth of a few cents or still less.
By the way, I wanna say thank you to all flickr users who have sent me stamps! Great! Thank you! Someone sent me 3 or 5 stamps, another one sent me more than 20 stamps in a letter. It's everytime a great surprise for me and I'm everytime happy to get letters with stamps inside from you!
thx, stampolina
For the case you wanna send also stamps - it is possible. (...I'm pretty sure you'll see these stamps on this photostream on flickr :) thx!
stampolina68
Mühlenweg 3/2
3244 Ruprechtshofen
Austria - Europe
Note: If you wish to send me a letter by post from a non-EU country (e.g., Great Britain, USA, etc.), please declare it as a "gift" and state a low value (e.g., under $5 / under £5 / etc.). Otherwise, the Austrian postal service will charge more than €30 per undeclared letter upon delivery.
* * * * * * * * *
great stamp Helvetia 40c Celestial globe, Himmelsglobus, Globus coelestis (by Jost Bürgi, 1552-1632, swiss mathematician, watchmaker and astronomer; Globe céleste, Звёздный глобус, 天球仪)
Albrecht Dürer (Nuremberg, 21 May 1471 - Nuremberg, 6 April 1528) - Bildnis eines Mädchens mit rotem Barett - Portrait of a girl with a red cap (1507) - parchment on wood 32.5 x 22.3 cm - Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
Il ritratto, che fu probabilmente dipinto immediatamente dopo il ritorno di Dürer da Venezia nel 1507, raffigura una giovane donna vestita alla maniera tedesca. Il berretto indossato con una leggera inclinazione le dà un'espressione sfacciata. La limitazione dei colori dell'abbigliamento al rosso fragola e al verde intenso, che formano un efficace contrasto con i toni della pelle e dei capelli, conferiscono a questa foto un fascino particolare. I gioielli sul berretto, costituiti da un rubino e una perla, significano ricchezza e un alto rango sociale; i capelli scoperti mostrano lo status della ragazza come vergine non sposata ma non vi è alcun riferimento specifico all'identità della ragazza ritratta
The portrait, which was probably painted immediately after Dürer's return from Venice in 1507, depicts a young woman dressed in the German manner. The cap worn with a slight inclination gives it a cheeky expression. The limitation of the colors of the clothing to strawberry red and intense green, which form an effective contrast with the skin and hair tones, give this photo a particular charm. The jewels on the cap, consisting of a ruby and a pearl, signify wealth and a high social rank; the uncovered hair shows the status of the girl as an unmarried virgin but there is no specific reference to the identity of the girl portrayed
1944AD 1st June, Bletchley Park, England. The improved Colossus Mark 2 starts working in time for the Normandy Landings.
The Colossus was the world's first electronic digital computer that was at all programmable. It was designed by Tommy Flowers to solve a problem posed by a mathematician, Max Newman. In December 1943 the prototype, Colossus Mark 1, was shown to work. There were ten Colossus computers in use at the end of the second world war.
The computers were used by British code breakers, giving the Allies valuable intelligence, obtained from reading many encrypted high-level telegraphic messages between the German High Command and their army commands.
Hypatia of Alexandria was born in Alexandria, Egypt, then part of the Roman Empire, around 355 CE. She was the daughter of Theon of Alexandria, a mathematician and astronomer associated with the Museum and the scholarly traditions that followed the legacy of the great Hellenistic centers of learning. Unlike most women of her time, Hypatia received a rigorous scientific and philosophical education. Under her father’s guidance she studied mathematics, astronomy, geometry, and philosophy, eventually surpassing many of her contemporaries in reputation and intellectual authority.
She became the head of the Neoplatonic school of Alexandria, where she taught philosophy in the Platonic tradition, along with advanced mathematics and astronomy. Her students included both pagans and Christians, some of whom later occupied high public offices. Hypatia wrote or edited commentaries on key scientific works, including Diophantus’ “Arithmetica” and Ptolemy’s “Almagest,” contributing to the preservation and transmission of classical scientific knowledge. Ancient sources also associate her with the construction or refinement of scientific instruments such as the astrolabe and hydrometer, reinforcing her practical as well as theoretical engagement with science.
Hypatia was not only a scholar but a respected public intellectual. She moved freely in civic life and was known for her integrity, independence, and rhetorical skill. She advised Orestes, the Roman prefect of Alexandria, during a period of intense political and religious tension in the city. Alexandria in the early fifth century was marked by escalating conflict between imperial civil authority and the growing power of the Christian episcopate under Bishop Cyril. As a pagan philosopher of high status, intellectually influential and politically connected, Hypatia became a symbolic figure within this struggle.
According to ancient sources such as Socrates Scholasticus, in March 415 CE a mob of Christian extremists, reportedly led by a church reader named Peter and associated with radical factions linked to the bishop’s circle, intercepted her carriage as she was returning home. She was dragged into the Caesareum, which had been converted into a church, stripped, and brutally killed using ostraka—sharp pottery shards or tiles. Her body was dismembered, and the remains were burned outside the city. The killing was widely recognized even by some Christian historians as a disgraceful act. There is no clear evidence of formal punishment for those directly responsible. Her murder stands as a documented case of politically charged religious violence directed against an independent intellectual woman whose authority crossed boundaries of belief and power.
Hypatia’s death has come to represent the violent suppression of philosophical inquiry and scientific freedom in a period of profound transformation within the Roman world. She embodied intellectual autonomy, female authority in public life, and commitment to rational discourse in a polarized society. Her life and death continue to be studied not as legend, but as a historically grounded episode revealing how knowledge, influence, and gender could become threats in times of ideological consolidation.
I publish this series to remember that freedom, dignity, knowledge, and justice are never abstract ideals but realities defended by real people who often paid with their lives. Behind every right there are names, faces, biographies, and violent ruptures. I publish these works to oppose the normalization of political and religious violence, to speak to younger generations, and to affirm that silence always benefits unchecked power. This is not passive commemoration; it is active memory, a conscious choice, and a form of resistance.
The image used for this work is based on artistic representations of Hypatia found in historical paintings and later visual interpretations, given the absence of authentic contemporary portraits due to the antiquity of the period.
Albrecht Dürer (Nuremberg, May 21, 1471 - Nuremberg, April 6, 1528) - Paumgartner Altar (1496-1504) - oil on lime wood, dimensions 155x126 cm, the central compartment - 157x61 each of the side panels - Alte Pinakothek Monaco
È la più grande pala d'altare dell'artista. Il pannello centrale mostra l'Adorazione del Bambino, affiancata da due pannelli di santi cavalieri a tutta figura: a sinistra San Giorgio, col vessillo crociato e con il drago dalla testa mozza, a destra Sant'Eustachio, nella cui bandiera si vede la miracolosa apparizione a cui assistette durante una caccia, un crocifisso tra le corna di un cervo.
I committenti, come accade frequentemente in area tedesca, sono rappresentati minuscoli ai lati in primo piano del pannello centrale, con scudi araldici che ne chiariscano l'identificazione. A sinistra si vedono Martin Paumgartner con i figli Lukas e Stephan; a destra la moglie Barbara Volkamer con le figlie Maria e Barbara. Inoltre nei volti dei santi laterali, secondo un'antica tradizione, dovrebbero essere raffigurati rispettivamente Stephan e Lukas Paumgartner.
It is the largest altarpiece of the artist. The central panel shows the Adoration of the Child, flanked by two panels of full-length knight saints: on the left Saint George, with the crusader banner and the dragon with the severed head, on the right St. Eustachius, in whose flag you see the miraculous apparition he witnessed during a hunt, a crucifix in the horns of a deer.
The clients, as frequently happens in the German area, are represented minuscule on the foreground sides of the central panel, with heraldic shields that clarify their identification. On the left we see Martin Paumgartner with his sons Lukas and Stephan; on the right his wife Barbara Volkamer with his daughters Maria and Barbara. Furthermore, according to an ancient tradition, the faces of the lateral saints should be represented respectively by Stephan and Lukas Paumgartner.
Dinamarca - Kvaerndrup - Castillo de Egeskov
***
ENGLISH
Egeskov Castle (Danish: Egeskov Slot) is located near Kværndrup, in the south of the island of Funen, Denmark. The castle is Europe's best preserved Renaissance water castle.
Egeskov was first mentioned in 1405. The castle structure was erected by Frands Brockenhuus in 1554.
Due to the troubles caused by the civil war known as the Count's Feud (Danish: Grevens fejde), general civil unrest, and a civil war introducing the Protestant Reformation, most Danish noblemen built their homes as fortifications. The castle is constructed on oaken piles and located in a small lake with a maximum depth of 5 metres (16 ft). Originally, the only access was by means of a drawbridge. According to legend, it took an entire forest of oak trees to build the foundation, hence the name Egeskov (oak forest).
Outside, the castle is a Late Gothic building. Inside the original elements already show Renaissance design.
The castle consists of two long buildings connected by a thick double wall, allowing defenders to abandon one house and continue fighting from the other. The double wall is over one meter thick and contains secret staircases and a well. Defenders were able to attack an enemy's flanks from the two round corner towers. Other medieval defences include artillery ports, scalding holes and arrow slits. The bricks composing the castle are of an oversized medieval type sometimes called "monks bricks". The conical towers are constructed in a series of separate panels.
The architecture includes depressed and round-arched windows, round-arched blank arcading within the gables, and a double string course between the high cellar and the ground floor. The structure contains some of the early indoor plumbing design first used in Europe with vertical shafts for waste. The thick double wall also contains a water well which is accessed from the servants kitchen in the east house. Several of the large rooms have massive parallel exposed beams with some end carving.
Contents of the castle include a massive iron chest from at least as early as the 16th century, which derived from Hvedholm Castle, a property earlier owned by the Egeskov estate about ten kilometers to the west.
Numerous oil paintings are found within the castle including a large painting in the great hall on the first floor of Niels Juel, who defeated the Swedish force in the Battle of Køge Bay in the year 1677.
Other buildings belonging to Egeskov include Ladegården, a thatched half-timbered building which is now part of the museum. Other buildings are used by the museum and for farming. Surrounding the castle is an old park, covering 20 hectares (49 acres) of land. The park is divided into a number of gardens. The renaissance garden features fountains, a gravel path and topiary figures. The fuchsia garden, one of the largest in Europe, contains 104 different species. Other gardens near the castle include an English garden, a water garden, an herb garden, a vegetable garden, and a peasant's garden (bondehave). The gardens also feature four hedge mazes. The oldest is a beech maze several hundreds of years old. This garden is trimmed every year to prevent the trees from dying. The newest maze is the world's largest bamboo maze. It features a Chinese tower in the centre, and a bridge from the tower provides the exit from the maze. The parks feature a three-meter-tall sundial designed by Danish poet and mathematician, Piet Hein.
The estate includes an additional eight square kilometres; 2.5 square kilometres (0.97 sq mi) is forest, with the rest being farmland. The estate has belonged to the Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille family since 1784. In 1986, a full-sized replica of the castle was built in Hokkaidō, Japan, to hold an aquarium. This was constructed with the permission of the Egeskov's owners at the time, Count Claus and Countess Louisa Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille.
Egeskov is home to the following museums.
- A vintage automobile collection
- A vintage motorcycle collection
- A collection describing the history of agriculture
- A collection of flying vehicles
- A collection of Falck and other emergency vehicles
Most of the castle is open to the public, except for the areas used by Count Michael and Countess Caroline Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille. The museum of agriculture and the horse wagon collection is located in the building Ladegård mentioned previously.
Three large modern buildings are occupied by the vintage automobile collection, the vintage motorcycle collection, the Falck collection, and by a collection of airplanes and helicopters. The Falck collection is a collection of vehicles from the Danish rescue company, Falck, emergency vehicles such as fire trucks, ambulances, rescue boats, and other assorted emergency vehicles.
***
ESPAÑOL
El castillo de Egeskov (en danés Egeskov Slot) es un castillo que se encuentra localizado en el sur de la isla de Fionia, en Dinamarca. El castillo es el castillo de estilo renacentista mejor conservado de Europa, por lo que se refiere a castillos que se encuentren rodeados de agua. Aunque la historia de Egeskov se remonta al siglo XV, la estructura del castillo actual fue erigida por Frands Brockenhuus en 1554.
Debido a los problemas e inestabilidades causados por la Guerra Civil Danesa en 1534-1536 (conocida por la historiografía anglosajona y danesa como Guerra del conde, en danés Grevens fejde), una guerra civil que introdujo en Dinamarca la Reforma Protestante, la mayor parte de la nobleza danesa construyó sus residencias planificándolas como auténticas fortalezas. Así, el castillo está construido sobre un lugar pilotes de roble y localizado en un pequeño lago con una profundidad máxima de cinco metros. En un primer momento, el único acceso desde el exterior al castillo era a través de un puente levadizo. Según la leyenda, se necesitó un bosque entero de robles para construir los cimientos del edificio, y de ahí derivaría el nombre de Egeskov (bosque de robles).
El castillo consiste en realidad en dos edificios distintos alargados y conectados entre sí por una pared de doble grosor, permitiendo así a los defensores del mismo abandonar una de las casas y seguir luchando en la otra. La pared doble posee más de un metro de espesor, y alberga escaleras secretas y un pozo. Por otra parte, estaba diseñado de modo que los defensores podían atacar por ambos flancos a los asaltantes desde las dos torres redondas de las esquinas. Otras defensas de tipo medieval incluyen portones para la artillería, matacanes o saeteras. Los ladrillos con los que se edificó el castillo son de un tipo medieval de gran tamaño, a veces llamado ladrillo de monjes. Las torres cónicas están construidas en una serie de paneles separados.
La arquitectura incluye ventanas en arco rebajado, en arco de medio punto y otros, rematadas algunas de ellas por gabletes, así como un doble cordón de arquillos ciegos entre la primera y la segunda plantas, además de un cordón entre el sótano levantado y la planta baja. La estructura incluye una primitiva fontanería, una de las primeras usadas en Europa, incluyendo ejes verticales para el desagüe de las aguas sucias. La gruesa pared doble también contiene canalizaciones de agua limpia que desembocan en la cocina de los criados, situada en la casa oriental.
El contenido del castillo incluye un peto o pectoral macizo de armadura, de hierro, con una antigüedad de al menos el siglo XVI, procedente del castillo de Hvedholm, una antigua propiedad de Egeskov, que se encuentra aproximadamente a diez kilómetros al oeste del castillo de Egeskov.
Igualmente, dentro del castillo existe una amplia colección de pintura, que incluye un gran cuadro situado en el largo pasillo de la primera planta, representando a Niels Juel, quien derrotó a las tropas del Imperio sueco en la batalla de la bahía de Køge, el 2 de julio de 1677, en el marco de las Guerras Escandinavas.
Otro edificios que forman parte de Egeskov es Ladegården, un edificio con armazón de madera que se encuentra cubierta con paja, y que actualmente forma parte del museo. Otros edificios auxiliares están en uso, bien sea por el museo bien para labores agrícolas.
El castillo está rodeado por un antiguo parque, que abarca una superficie total de 200 000 metros cuadrados de terreno. El parque se encuentra dividido en un elevado número de jardines. El jardín renacentista destaca por sus fuentes, un camino de grava y figuras de arte topiario.
El jardín de fuchsias, uno de los más grandes de Europa, contiene 104 especies diferente. Otros jardines inmediatos al castillo incluyen un jardín inglés, un jardín acuático, un jardín de hierbas, un jardín de verduras, y un jardín campesino. En los jardines también destacan cuatro laberintos de seto. El más antiguo es un laberinto que incluye un haya de varios cientos de años de edad. Este jardín es ajustado cada año para prevenir la muerte de los árboles. El laberinto más moderno es el laberinto de bambú, el mayor del mundo de dichas plantas. Destaca en él una torre en estilo chino en su centro, a la vez que un puente que parte de la torre proporciona la salida del laberinto. Existe también un reloj de sol diseñado por el poeta y matemático danés Piet Hein.
La propiedad incluye otros ocho kilómetros cuadrados más, de los que 2,5 son forestales, estando el resto formado por tierras de labranza. La finca perteneció a la familia de los Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille desde 1784. En 1986 se construyó una réplica de tamaño natural del castillo en Hokkaidō, Japón, para albergar un acuario, con el permiso de quienes por entonces eran los dueños de Egeskov, el Conde Claus y la Condesa Louisa Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille.
En la actualidad, el castillo de Egeskov acoge diversos museos o colecciones:
- Colección de automóviles antiguos.
- Colección de motocicletas antiguas.
- Colección museística sobre la Historia de la Agricultura y colección de coches de caballos, en el Ladegården.
- Colección de aparatos voladores.
- Colección de vehículos de bomberos y otros vehículos de emergencias, de la empresa danesa Falck.
La mayor parte del castillo se encuentra abierto al público, con la excepción las áreas reservadas para el uso privado por el conde Michael y la condesa Margrethe Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille, actuales propietarios.
El Museo de agricultura y la colección de coches de caballos se encuentran localizados en el Ladegården, mientras que la colección de automóviles antiguos, la de motocicletas antiguas, la de vehículos de la empresa Falck y la de aparatos voladores (incluyendo aeroplanos y helicópteros) ocupan tres grandes edificios de factura moderna. La colección Falck es una colección de vehículos de la empresa danesa de rescate Falck, vehículos de emergencias como camiones anti-incendios, ambulancias, barcos de rescate marítimo, y otros vehículos variados de emergencias.
Torun (PL, 04.2017):
Torun seen from the Kępa Bazarowa Island, Torun's silhouette is dominated by the 13th century Saint Johns' Cathedral; the biggest church in Torun. It is also the place where the Polish mathematician and astronomer Nicolas Copernicus was baptised in 1473.
Egnazio Danti (Perugia 1536 - Alatri 1586)
Mathematician, astronomer, Dominican friar and even cosmographer.
In 1567 or so, Cosimo I de Medici, Duke of Tuscany summoned him in his court to develop and share the mathematical and astronomical studies in the territory of his competence.
He became soon a Grand Ducal cosmographer working hard on the maps that are still decorating the Hall of Charts in Palazzo Vecchio.
During his permanence in Florence Danti lived at the convent of Santa Maria Novella assembling the armillary sphere, the gnomon and the gnomonic holes on the façade.
The armillary sphere, installed it on the building in 1574, is on the left side of the front of the church and was used to determine the time of the vernal or Spring equinox by the shadow of the sun on its equatorial ring.
It was with this instrument that Fra' Egnazio Danti established that the calendar was 10 days late. He presented his plan to the pope who approved it. Thus was born the Gregorian calendar which is also ours, jumping from 4 to 14 October
A sculpture entitled Perhaps (An Investigation Outside the Laws of Thought) which was temporary positioned in 2016 alongside Brayford Pool in Lincoln, Lincolnshire.
It was created by New Delhi-based Raqs Media Collective and it was inspired by George Boole, the Lincoln-born mathematician whose work laid the theoretical foundations for the digital age. It was commissioned by Gymnasium, the contemporary art commissioning programme that presents new works in public locations.
The artwork, composed of two interlocking arcs coated in a sheer reflective surface which mirrors both the structure itself and the surrounding water and foliage. Two arcs rise and fall by the water of the Brayford Pool, facing the University of Lincoln. Coated by a sheer reflective surface, the two arcs mirror each other, the water and their environs, creating an illusion of a fold in space, a thickening of air.
Lincoln was George Boole’s birthplace. He must have walked by Brayford Pool, asking questions that needed answers in yes, no, and perhaps, perhaps. This work remembers those moments outside the boundaries of yes and no, just outside the limits placed by the laws of thought.
Dinamarca - Kvaerndrup - Castillo de Egeskov - Museo vehículos
***
ENGLISH
Egeskov Castle (Danish: Egeskov Slot) is located near Kværndrup, in the south of the island of Funen, Denmark. The castle is Europe's best preserved Renaissance water castle.
Egeskov was first mentioned in 1405. The castle structure was erected by Frands Brockenhuus in 1554.
Due to the troubles caused by the civil war known as the Count's Feud (Danish: Grevens fejde), general civil unrest, and a civil war introducing the Protestant Reformation, most Danish noblemen built their homes as fortifications. The castle is constructed on oaken piles and located in a small lake with a maximum depth of 5 metres (16 ft). Originally, the only access was by means of a drawbridge. According to legend, it took an entire forest of oak trees to build the foundation, hence the name Egeskov (oak forest).
Outside, the castle is a Late Gothic building. Inside the original elements already show Renaissance design.
The castle consists of two long buildings connected by a thick double wall, allowing defenders to abandon one house and continue fighting from the other. The double wall is over one meter thick and contains secret staircases and a well. Defenders were able to attack an enemy's flanks from the two round corner towers. Other medieval defences include artillery ports, scalding holes and arrow slits. The bricks composing the castle are of an oversized medieval type sometimes called "monks bricks". The conical towers are constructed in a series of separate panels.
The architecture includes depressed and round-arched windows, round-arched blank arcading within the gables, and a double string course between the high cellar and the ground floor. The structure contains some of the early indoor plumbing design first used in Europe with vertical shafts for waste. The thick double wall also contains a water well which is accessed from the servants kitchen in the east house. Several of the large rooms have massive parallel exposed beams with some end carving.
Contents of the castle include a massive iron chest from at least as early as the 16th century, which derived from Hvedholm Castle, a property earlier owned by the Egeskov estate about ten kilometers to the west.
Numerous oil paintings are found within the castle including a large painting in the great hall on the first floor of Niels Juel, who defeated the Swedish force in the Battle of Køge Bay in the year 1677.
Other buildings belonging to Egeskov include Ladegården, a thatched half-timbered building which is now part of the museum. Other buildings are used by the museum and for farming. Surrounding the castle is an old park, covering 20 hectares (49 acres) of land. The park is divided into a number of gardens. The renaissance garden features fountains, a gravel path and topiary figures. The fuchsia garden, one of the largest in Europe, contains 104 different species. Other gardens near the castle include an English garden, a water garden, an herb garden, a vegetable garden, and a peasant's garden (bondehave). The gardens also feature four hedge mazes. The oldest is a beech maze several hundreds of years old. This garden is trimmed every year to prevent the trees from dying. The newest maze is the world's largest bamboo maze. It features a Chinese tower in the centre, and a bridge from the tower provides the exit from the maze. The parks feature a three-meter-tall sundial designed by Danish poet and mathematician, Piet Hein.
The estate includes an additional eight square kilometres; 2.5 square kilometres (0.97 sq mi) is forest, with the rest being farmland. The estate has belonged to the Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille family since 1784. In 1986, a full-sized replica of the castle was built in Hokkaidō, Japan, to hold an aquarium. This was constructed with the permission of the Egeskov's owners at the time, Count Claus and Countess Louisa Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille.
Egeskov is home to the following museums.
- A vintage automobile collection
- A vintage motorcycle collection
- A collection describing the history of agriculture
- A collection of flying vehicles
- A collection of Falck and other emergency vehicles
Most of the castle is open to the public, except for the areas used by Count Michael and Countess Caroline Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille. The museum of agriculture and the horse wagon collection is located in the building Ladegård mentioned previously.
Three large modern buildings are occupied by the vintage automobile collection, the vintage motorcycle collection, the Falck collection, and by a collection of airplanes and helicopters. The Falck collection is a collection of vehicles from the Danish rescue company, Falck, emergency vehicles such as fire trucks, ambulances, rescue boats, and other assorted emergency vehicles.
***
ESPAÑOL
El castillo de Egeskov (en danés Egeskov Slot) es un castillo que se encuentra localizado en el sur de la isla de Fionia, en Dinamarca. El castillo es el castillo de estilo renacentista mejor conservado de Europa, por lo que se refiere a castillos que se encuentren rodeados de agua. Aunque la historia de Egeskov se remonta al siglo XV, la estructura del castillo actual fue erigida por Frands Brockenhuus en 1554.
Debido a los problemas e inestabilidades causados por la Guerra Civil Danesa en 1534-1536 (conocida por la historiografía anglosajona y danesa como Guerra del conde, en danés Grevens fejde), una guerra civil que introdujo en Dinamarca la Reforma Protestante, la mayor parte de la nobleza danesa construyó sus residencias planificándolas como auténticas fortalezas. Así, el castillo está construido sobre un lugar pilotes de roble y localizado en un pequeño lago con una profundidad máxima de cinco metros. En un primer momento, el único acceso desde el exterior al castillo era a través de un puente levadizo. Según la leyenda, se necesitó un bosque entero de robles para construir los cimientos del edificio, y de ahí derivaría el nombre de Egeskov (bosque de robles).
El castillo consiste en realidad en dos edificios distintos alargados y conectados entre sí por una pared de doble grosor, permitiendo así a los defensores del mismo abandonar una de las casas y seguir luchando en la otra. La pared doble posee más de un metro de espesor, y alberga escaleras secretas y un pozo. Por otra parte, estaba diseñado de modo que los defensores podían atacar por ambos flancos a los asaltantes desde las dos torres redondas de las esquinas. Otras defensas de tipo medieval incluyen portones para la artillería, matacanes o saeteras. Los ladrillos con los que se edificó el castillo son de un tipo medieval de gran tamaño, a veces llamado ladrillo de monjes. Las torres cónicas están construidas en una serie de paneles separados.
La arquitectura incluye ventanas en arco rebajado, en arco de medio punto y otros, rematadas algunas de ellas por gabletes, así como un doble cordón de arquillos ciegos entre la primera y la segunda plantas, además de un cordón entre el sótano levantado y la planta baja. La estructura incluye una primitiva fontanería, una de las primeras usadas en Europa, incluyendo ejes verticales para el desagüe de las aguas sucias. La gruesa pared doble también contiene canalizaciones de agua limpia que desembocan en la cocina de los criados, situada en la casa oriental.
El contenido del castillo incluye un peto o pectoral macizo de armadura, de hierro, con una antigüedad de al menos el siglo XVI, procedente del castillo de Hvedholm, una antigua propiedad de Egeskov, que se encuentra aproximadamente a diez kilómetros al oeste del castillo de Egeskov.
Igualmente, dentro del castillo existe una amplia colección de pintura, que incluye un gran cuadro situado en el largo pasillo de la primera planta, representando a Niels Juel, quien derrotó a las tropas del Imperio sueco en la batalla de la bahía de Køge, el 2 de julio de 1677, en el marco de las Guerras Escandinavas.
Otro edificios que forman parte de Egeskov es Ladegården, un edificio con armazón de madera que se encuentra cubierta con paja, y que actualmente forma parte del museo. Otros edificios auxiliares están en uso, bien sea por el museo bien para labores agrícolas.
El castillo está rodeado por un antiguo parque, que abarca una superficie total de 200 000 metros cuadrados de terreno. El parque se encuentra dividido en un elevado número de jardines. El jardín renacentista destaca por sus fuentes, un camino de grava y figuras de arte topiario.
El jardín de fuchsias, uno de los más grandes de Europa, contiene 104 especies diferente. Otros jardines inmediatos al castillo incluyen un jardín inglés, un jardín acuático, un jardín de hierbas, un jardín de verduras, y un jardín campesino. En los jardines también destacan cuatro laberintos de seto. El más antiguo es un laberinto que incluye un haya de varios cientos de años de edad. Este jardín es ajustado cada año para prevenir la muerte de los árboles. El laberinto más moderno es el laberinto de bambú, el mayor del mundo de dichas plantas. Destaca en él una torre en estilo chino en su centro, a la vez que un puente que parte de la torre proporciona la salida del laberinto. Existe también un reloj de sol diseñado por el poeta y matemático danés Piet Hein.
La propiedad incluye otros ocho kilómetros cuadrados más, de los que 2,5 son forestales, estando el resto formado por tierras de labranza. La finca perteneció a la familia de los Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille desde 1784. En 1986 se construyó una réplica de tamaño natural del castillo en Hokkaidō, Japón, para albergar un acuario, con el permiso de quienes por entonces eran los dueños de Egeskov, el Conde Claus y la Condesa Louisa Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille.
En la actualidad, el castillo de Egeskov acoge diversos museos o colecciones:
- Colección de automóviles antiguos.
- Colección de motocicletas antiguas.
- Colección museística sobre la Historia de la Agricultura y colección de coches de caballos, en el Ladegården.
- Colección de aparatos voladores.
- Colección de vehículos de bomberos y otros vehículos de emergencias, de la empresa danesa Falck.
La mayor parte del castillo se encuentra abierto al público, con la excepción las áreas reservadas para el uso privado por el conde Michael y la condesa Margrethe Ahlefeldt-Laurvig-Bille, actuales propietarios.
El Museo de agricultura y la colección de coches de caballos se encuentran localizados en el Ladegården, mientras que la colección de automóviles antiguos, la de motocicletas antiguas, la de vehículos de la empresa Falck y la de aparatos voladores (incluyendo aeroplanos y helicópteros) ocupan tres grandes edificios de factura moderna. La colección Falck es una colección de vehículos de la empresa danesa de rescate Falck, vehículos de emergencias como camiones anti-incendios, ambulancias, barcos de rescate marítimo, y otros vehículos variados de emergencias.
Mathematician, navigator, and first mate of the Henri, Myles Bowditch is signing up for Eslandola and the East Trade Wind Company! For gold and country! - and the ETWC.
My sig-fig for Brethren of the Brick Seas. Check it out here!