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The inflorescence of Romanesco broccoli or Romanesque cauliflower. Each bud is composed of a series of smaller buds, each arranged in a logarithmic spiral. Mathematicians use the term fractal to describe a curve or geometrical figure, each part of which has the same statistical character as the whole. In Romanesco broccoli, the pattern is only an approximate fractal since the pattern eventually terminates when the feature is sufficiently small. For more information see: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanesco_broccoli

 

Please view enlarged.

 

I am very grateful for the very kind comments and faves. Thanks for visiting.

 

There is a colour photo (shallower dof) in the first comment.

 

f/32 1.6sec ISO 800 Pentax 100mm Pentax K-1

William "Norrie" Everitt and Felix N. Arscott

(Equadiff 8, Bratislava 1981)

Mathematician , Diepenbeek (B)

 

Sculpted by:Marc Cox

Taken on the dark and rainy Nottingham Light Night 2021.

 

More information about the mill and the mathematician can be found here:

 

www.greensmill.org.uk

"Ooops ... I need to review the logarithms"

 

For Flickr group "Happy Caturday!", topics: "Our cats by numbers"

 

Oleksandr Mykolayovych Sharkovsky (1986, Liblice)

Galileo Galilei was an important Italian scientist, physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. His scientific contribution started a new era in the history of astronomy, he was the first astronomer to access new knowledge using the telescope. He defended the concept that the Earth was not the center of the universe.

 

Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy, on February 15, 1564, son of Vincenzo Galilei and Julia Ammannati. His parents noticed Galilei's great intelligence and special aptitudes from an early age. The boy showed an interest in the arts and performed excellent paintings, demonstrating manual skill and creativity to manufacture toys and contraptions. He played the organ and zither with aplomb. Thus, Galilei excelled in studies at the Sunday school in Vallombrosa and planned to enter the monastery, but his father did not agree with the idea and enrolled him to study medicine at the University of Pisa. Two years after joining, he dropped out of the course and went to dedicate himself to the study of mathematics. The move did not please his father, and Galilei ended up dropping out of the University in 1585. He did not complete any degrees, but in the same year he went to Florence and began giving private lessons to support himself. He stood out for his research in geometry and continued with his mathematical studies.

 

It was at this time that he invented the hydrostatic balance, a mechanism that would be published in a detailed treatise in the year 1644. In 1589, in recognition of his scientific contributions and brilliant reasoning, he was appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa. He was not welcomed by teachers, as he was only 25 years old, had incomplete academic training and publicly discredited Aristotle's established theories. In 1590 Galilei published a treatise on the motion of bodies. In 1591 he was removed from the professorship, after succumbing to intrigues and disputes with Aristotle's supporters. In 1592 he was appointed by the Senate of Venice to teach mathematics at the University of Padua, a position he would hold for 18 years. In 1609 he built a telescope based on the one previously invented by Hans Lippershey in Holland. Galilei made meticulous observations of the sky and incredible discoveries: he located the four largest moons of Jupiter and the mountains and craters on the Moon's surface. And when he detected spots present on the Sun's surface, the discovery helped to prove his theory that the star rotated on an axis. He investigated Saturn and observed what appeared to be two fixed moons, which were the edges of Saturn's ring system, but Galilei's telescope was not accurate enough to determine exactly what those points were.

 

His findings were collected and published in March 1610 in the book “The Messenger of the Stars”. The work was acclaimed and also generated much controversy, as Galilei publicly defended Nicolaus Copernicus' theory that the Sun was the center of our Solar System, not the Earth. At that time, the Catholic Church fully controlled science and held the opposite view, that the center was the Earth.

 

In 1616 Galilei was cornered by the authorities of the Inquisition and threatened with the death penalty if he did not publicly deny the scientific truths he had proved. He was expressly prohibited from teaching and propagating ideas that were contrary to the position of the Church. Even so, in 1632 he published the "Dialogue Concerning the Two Greatest Systems of the Universe", causing the Church's total rejection and intolerance. Prevented from continuing with his research and theories, the scientist retired to his castle located in Arcetri, a village near Florence, where he dedicated himself to pursuing his experiments alone.

 

Galileo Galilei died on January 8, 1642 in Arcetri, Italy. He was almost blinded by the observation of sunspots done without adequate protection for decades. Three hundred and fifty years later, through Pope John Paul II, on October 31, 1992, the Catholic Church formally recognized the legitimacy of Galilei's theories.

  

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He is reburied here:

flic.kr/p/S1TJSw

 

Emblem on a narrow boat on the Peak Forest Canal at Furness Vale, Derbyshire, England.

The Chapel of the Holy Shroud (Italian: Cappella della Sacra Sindone) is a Baroque-style Roman Catholic chapel located adjacent the Turin Cathedral and connected to the Royal Palace of Turin. The chapel was designed by architect-priest and mathematician Guarino Guarini and built at the end of the 17th century (1668–1694). The dome was completed on 27 October 1679.

Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel_of_the_Holy_Shroud

In 1961, mathematician Edward Lorenz from the Institute of Technology in Boston was running simulations on a computer about the evolution of the climate of a certain region and discovered that small perturbations in the initial conditions of the system generated significant divergences over time. It was nothing more and nothing less than the birth of the famous phrase "A butterfly's flap of wings could cause a hurricane" and, with it, the beginnings of Chaos Theory. Over the years, mathematicians such as Mitchell Feigenbaum, David Ruelle, Floris Takens, and even Benoit Mandelbrot (father of fractal geometry) were working on the theory.

 

Towards the end of the 1980s, G. J. Sussman, J. Wisdom, and J. Laskar used powerful computers to perform a numerical simulation of the behavior of the outer and inner planets and discovered that, after a significant number of years, their orbits exhibited chaotic behavior. In particular, the orbital motion of the Earth and with it the Moon, was unstable after ten million years.

 

For now, regardless of changes, scientific advances, our finitude and contingency, and the fragile flutter of a butterfly, the planets and their moons remain there, within reach of our telescopes, beyond chaos and order in the bowels of disorder.

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From left to right: Ganymede, Europa, Jupiter and Io.

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Maksutov Cassegrain Telescope "Explore Scientific" 127, f/15.

Player One Ceres-C Camera.

Jupiter captured with Barlow Celestron X-Cell LX, 2x.

Moons captured without barlow for the final composition.

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December 24, 2023, 00:35 UT. Rural area, Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina.

long stories shortened... (discarded and abandoned and intertwined short stories) well..actually they are chunks and fragmets and notes of stories that never made it

 

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a young PhD math candidate writing his dissertation on an obscure arab mathematician from the middle ages who specialized in cycles and periods in infinite series and develops a process to determine prime number density in a large number space. (which is all and good) except this makes it an excellent tool to decrypting military grade encryption, which is based on the computational difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime components

 

the arab mathematician was ultimately censured by the religious mullahs for developing tools to rationalize the infinite, which is of course the nature of Allah and for man to attempt to place Allah into a human scale is blasphemy

 

so the arab mathematician disappears and the young phd candidate finds that his dissertation has been suspended pending review but cant get any information on who is reviewing it

 

finally another young mathematician approaches him and starts a long discussion on math and the nature of numbers and the mathematicians love of the underlying structure of reality that math represents. the phd candidate is leary of this mathematician cause he wont answer what he does or where he went to school or how he knows so many cutting edge fields in math

 

eventually, the young mathematician offers the phd candidate a position with the NSA, National Security Agency, (where all the big crypto and high math goes on) but explains that if he accepts that he will essentially disappear from his current world. his work will be classified, he will not be able to publish in academic journals or speak in public, or talk about his work to his friends on the outside, but the compensation is that he

would be able to work unfettered with the greatest math minds in the country, totally funded, free to explore any field or fancy he thought. after a few moments of thought, the phd accepts.

 

then the story will go back to the arab mathematician who is also approached my a young beared mullah, who offers him a position within his group of thinkers who do ponder and explore the nature of nature reality and Allah through mathematics, but that by joining them he would need to disappear from the world, after a few minutes of thought, he too accepts...

 

--

  

Daniel sipped his 6th coffee (colloidal suspension for caffeine transport) while his batch jobs on ramanet, the Indian supergrid, finished their checksum verification. His chin, a bit stubbly, itched. His eyes, a bit red, were sore. The goa trance shoutcast feed had mushed into a fast cadence drone. The flat screen monitor warped and bulged with the oscillating fan blowing on Daniel's face

 

'O' glamorous larval life of a PhD student...' he jotted and doodle-circled on his notepad.

 

Daniel cracked his neck and jutted his jaw, stretching out the accumulation of kinks, as RamaNet finished the final integrity check on his dataset. this two hour round of processing on the Indian supergrid would cost about $130 out of his precious grant fund, but you couldnt beat the bargain. 120 minutes times 150,000 PCs in the RamaNet processing collective = 1,080,000,000 seconds or 18,000,000 minutes or 300,000 hours or 12500 days or 34.25 years of processing time for the price of a video game. Calculation was commoditized now. You uploaded your pre-fromatted dataset to RamaNet. the data was packeted and sent to out to 150,000 Indians who lent a few percents of never-to-be missed CPU cycles off their systems for background processing. when their alotted package was completed it was sent back to RamaNet for re-assembly into something coherent for the buyer. in return the Indians got a rebate on their net access charges or access to premier bollywood galleries or credit towards their own processing charges. a good deal all the way around. Daniel's dataset, an anthology of complex proofs from a long-dead arab mathematician, was queued with amateur weather forecast modeling, home-brewed digital CGI for indie movies, chaos theory-based currency trading algorithms, etc. the really high end, confidential jobs, like protein folding analysis or big pharm drug trials were more likely handled by the huge western collectives of several million collaborative systems, usually high-performance machines in dedicated corporate server farms. the cost there was out of Daniel's range, but you got a faster return and better promises of encryption for your buck.

 

Daniel scratched his scalp and flexed his fingers. 'two months from today i will be a doctor of mathematics...and no job. damnit. i need to find something fast.' Daniel calculated in his mind how quickly the student loans repayments would kick in and completely wipe him out. RamaNet would have done it in nanoseconds, ha! he laughed to himself. Daniel had avoided the rounds of job interviews and recommendations that passed his way. he was too absorbed in his research to look ahead, and perhaps a bit intimidated by the idea of the job hunt flea market. flexing his CV, getting a monkey suit, trying to explain his research to recruiters, who were often the same finger-counting business majors in college that made his skin crawl. Daniel always felt a bit embarrassed when he announced he was math PhD candidate. folks would immediately glaze over,

tsk tsk out a 'that's interesting', and swiftly change the subject. something will come up, he mantra'd to himself over and over, something will come up. stick with ali, there is something real in there, just a bit deeper. the real problem was his thesis advisor. dr. fuentes was not returning his calls, his secretary was not taking appointments from Daniel. he had submitted his finished draft of his thesis two weeks ago, but hadnt heard back since, except for a cryptic email saying that the review committee was having some issues with his paper and that Daniel would be hearing from him shortly. Daniel was rerunning his calculations on RamaNet to assuage the gnawing doubt that he completely botched some component of his argument and that the review committee was debating some manner of telling him to redo the entire effort. no PhD and no job. that would ice the cake. Daniel started calculating his body mass and general aerodynamic resistance relative to the height of the school cathedral to figure out if he had time to reach a terminal velocity before impact...only a failed math PhD would attempt to determine at what speed his body would smack concrete, he morbidly thought to himself.

 

ali ja'far muhammed ibn abdullah al-farisi slipped meditatively on his cup of water, thinking about his proof. he dipped a finger in the cup and held up a droplet of water under his fingertip, watching the sunlight prisimatically splay out on the mouth of the cup. 'praise be Allah and his wonderous bounty' he mumured to himself.

 

the elders had been in conference all day over his proof. though the heavy doors to their chamber were closed, he would occasionally hear muffled but distinctly angry shouts. ali sat on a divan in the anteroom, served numerous cups of tea by an obviously nervous secretary. ali knew there was deep resistance to his research, but for the life of him he couldnt figure out why. he was a simple mathematician. he came up with some unique observations. he wanted to share them with his peers...

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Overview: biotech researcher discovers a new life-extension technology and is murdered. He is cryogenically frozen for 150 years. When he is

revived he must stop a dark corporate conspiracy – and find his murderer.

  

Summer 2015 - Hot genius free-lance biotech researcher unravels the key component of a radical life-extension gene therapy that will ensure 300 years of robust life to its recipients. The researcher is murdered shortly after he hides the critical component. His distraught friend has him cryogenically frozen. 150 years later, the researcher is revived by the same major bio-med corporation for which he had originally been working.

Quickly he realizes that their motives are less than altruistic: his modification of the gene therapy is needed to resolve an unforeseen debilitation now creeping up in the recipients of the life-extension process. The recipients, now nearing 125 years off added life, are decompensating into psychotics. The researcher at first tries to remember and reconstruct what he did with the hidden critical component, but stops in disgust when he learns that in the past 150 years the life-extension therapy has been reserved solely for the ultra-affluent and has created an extreme and cruel global gerontocratic elite. He voices his disgust to his corporate minders, who cease being beneficent and show their true colors as trying to gain control of this critical technology in order to control the elites.

 

In the process of dealing with the corporation, he learns about his murder and begins investigating.As he comes closer to the identity of his murderer, he uncovers a wider conspiracy and is the target of more murder attempts.

 

He was killed by a friend in 2015. The friend was the CEO of a small bio-gen firm that the researcher was doing the LET work for. The CEO, a biz-head with a genetics academic background, took the researcher’s work and exploited it as his own, in the process growing his small firm into a bio-med powerhouse and him into one of the world’s wealthiest individuals.

 

The CEO also was the first recipient of the LET and is now 190 years old, but doesn’t look a day over 45. Smart, urbane, ruthless, the CEO used his wealth and position to start the cabal of Ultras. It is a faction of the top 50 smartest and wealthiest people in the world who have ‘ascended from the world’ (faked their demise) and control the global economy with their vast coordinated wealth. Perhaps they will call themselves ‘The Ascended’. We need to decide how the cabal lives. Are they sequestered on a luxurious island compound, or do they live in the open, surgically re-sculpted after each faked death, or do they live in the open.

 

Also we need to figure out what the world will look and feel like in 150 years.

 

As the ultras decompensate into psychosis, the CEO orders the researcher to be revived in order to find a cure. The CEO had the researcher’s lab notes decrypted and figured that the he was close if not successful in finding the missing component to stabilize the LET.

 

Tiberius Syndrome: the decline into cruel psychosis experienced by the ultras, named after the roman emperor Tiberius’ degenerate behavior after he sequestered himself on Capri.

 

The ironic twist might be that there is no cure, no stabilization. The psychosis is not the result of the LET alone, but also due in part to the unfettered ego/wills of the ultras. Absolute power corrupts…

  

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a brazilian hacking syndicate was subcontracted by a st petersberg crew to run interference on a hit on SWIFT, the global currency clearinghouse notification network. The UniFavela clan was going to run a multi-flank raid. They specialized in fast propagating virii and had created a custom mail-in virus that exploited a few microsoft vulnerabilities that they had discovered and kept mum. Their target was a Latin American PR spokesman listed on the corporate web site for press queries. The PR flak would be just the sleepy guard on the wall for their virus to slip past. 30 minutes after opening an inocuous spoofed email from a French e-trade publication requesting clarification on the SWIFT-Indentrus partnership. the virus would port scan and map its entire site LAN, salmoning its way up the router paths till it found the deep waters of the main corporate campus network in Brussels. Shortly, the internal LAN at Brussels would be suffering switch and router buffer overflows and traffic would gasp, ack, and sputter. UniFavela would then towel whip out a vanilla DDOS on the main company web site, any INTERNIC-registered addresses, and any other system in the IP block reserved for SWIFT that had previously port scanned as interesting, or ,even, as nothing. Mongols charging the village gates and tossing flaming torches on thatched roofs. IT Operations would be running to and fro, trying to figure out the internal bandwidth crunch and if there was a bleedout causing the external net problems.

 

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The Post-Human Story of Minos:

 

the CEO of a powerful commercial combine is bore an illegitimate son by his indiscreet wife in retaliation for his own dalliances. the son has a hideous deformity but is fantastically brilliant - brilliant enough for the father overcome his own repulsion of the child - as a bastard and a freak. the father sequesters the child in an elaborate virtual domain. the child, a hacker savant, is used to breach competitor nets. but as his power in the digital realm expands, the child transforms into the tyrant-monster. using the nets, he lashes out at people who have caused him pain, then evolves into enjoying the taste of terror and fear. He becomes the Minotaur.

 

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'there was a mad scramble amongst all the big spook governments, dark side corporations, and the privacy maccabees once it was determined that quantum computation had left the tidal pool of academia, grown legs and air-breathing lungs, and was headed for the nat sec intel highlands. all previous encryption models were rendered obsolete, and worse, exposed. QC became an undefiable xray spotlight, laying bare any encrypted secret with a ease of opening a mathematical candy wrapper. And for a while it swung the advantage back to the state in the digital Boer War against the freecon partisans.'

 

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The Oort, to the Intras, looked as one people. Extra-stellar hillbillies, ekeing out a subsistance existence on extracted organics from the frozen crud comets and other planetesimals of the Oort Cloud that slung around the solar system in a 1K AU circuit. To the Oort there was no Oort. Each station, each kampong was distinct and seperate. Seperate dialects, traditions, norms, goals. Some were scientific collectives, some were tired mining operations, some were intense sectarian cults - they shared little between themselves beyond necessary trade links for scarce commodities.

 

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A young prince is disgraced in an internal court scandal and sent into a quasi-exile on a worthless mission. On his travels he builds the wisdom and learns the skills necessary to be a just and effective leader.

 

His exile was a gambit by his patriarch to remove Genji from the arena of pointless court intrigues and develop him as a real leader. The patriarch dispatched a team of loyal praetorians to discreetly follow and protect Genji on his odyssey.

 

Genji was sent as an emissary to the Oort system. He must pass through the Martian-Saturnine corridor, populated with industrial trading guilds and their private militias.

 

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Genealogy becomes paramount in a closed culture; hierarchy by heredity. Reference the roman patrician class’ death-grip obsession with lineage, or the medieval Japanese imperial court’s strict intra-elite caste system.

 

But in an era of extreme genetic engineering, how can bloodlines retain their importance? Perhaps this is the wrong question. Perhaps in an era of extreme genetic engineering, authentic bloodlines can only retain their importance. The longevity of an unchanged gene line demonstrates success in evolutionary competition. Over time however, the fitness of a rigidly enforced and ‘sequestered’ gene line will degrade. Consider the hemophilia of the European royal strata.

 

I would not want the imperial court of the inner system to be pure blue bloods, eschewing genetic manipulation. Rather I would have them take the opposite tack – and embrace genetic engineering in the pursuit of perfecting particular socially valued or distinctive attributes; a roman nose, elongated refined fingers, even the possession of certain ‘noble’ afflictions (for ex., the aforementioned hemophilia as a sign of noble lineage).

The elites should pursue genealogy with the same passion and gusto as horse breeders; studs and mares and percentages of bloodlines, enforced and suppressed gene expressions, surrogates, and gene modes des saisons.

 

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a bum finds a the wallet and keys of a man who jumped from a bridge

he goes to his townhouse to find something to eat or steal

is impressed and overwhelmed with the man's townhouse

showers, eats, gets cleaned up, finds some clothes

is ready to leave when he helps a woman wrestling with groceries at her door

she thanks him, but looks stunned.

‘are you the man in #560? umm..i have lived here for 3 years and have never actually seen you. you seem to leave so early in the morning and get

home so late and keep to yourself.’

they spend 30 minutes talking, having a generally warm friendly encounter.

‘well, I am so glad to have finally met you. Hope to see you soon.’ As she closes her door, the bum turns to leave but pauses and thinks for a moment, then goes back into the man's townhouse

he pours through the man's papers and keepsakes and learns that the man has no family that he speaks with, no friends, lives off a well-endowed trust fund

 

and

 

the bum moves in and takes over the mans identity

he brings warmth and sincerity to the man's identity

 

what makes a hermit tick? what lengths do they go to to remove themselves from society? does it become a game to avoid contact, trying to become a shadow, a phantom? does society dissolve away as a mental force in their thoughts, atrophy away or does it become an amputated impression?

 

what divsion line stands between a hermit and convict in solitary? the hermit, by and large, chooses their isolation, the convict has it enforced upon them. at what point does the human need for society or socialization collapse? is there anything left that we can inspect and evaluate? a hermit, however, is able to maintain walls against the Great Other, which would imply that they are seeking refuge from the world. a schizo or an autistic will be physically surrounded by others but unable or incapable of making contact.

 

when does the will to contact die? what is left over? do humans require contact to retain our humanity? can you love and sacrifice in a vacuum?

what defines humanity? oooh, a big question...

  

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genetic engineering will continue to deconstruct the human species

 

there will be catastrophic disasters: gene sequence specific viruses engineered to attack 'types' of people. Der Genkampf

petroleum will be replaced- hydrogen-powered locomotion and green power (in the wealthy states). the poor states will continue to be held hostage to oil politics

 

(cultures and civilizations do not move forward uneringly. they spasticly jerk forward and fro, in clumps andgrains, never ever as a lemming death drive.)

 

developed economies will be netized. a new state structure will be needed to manage and dsitribute resources. the corporate structure, the commercial backbone of the capitalist democracy, will replace the republic. it is flexible to markets and political forces, insistent on accountability, it provides a sufficient compromise between individual representation and republican government. they will begin their political evolution as projects in community development. assurances of an educated workforce by charter education. assurances of uninterrupted utilities by running their own power/water etc. net-based marketplaces create corporate agoras. employees are in fact de facto citizens of the corporation. citizenship, or regular employment, will be a reward for merit, stock shares will count towards suffrage.

 

great corporate collectives will arise. housing, education, security...all the needs of the middle class will be absorbed in the corporate state. the tradtional state will cede roles and responsibilities to the corporate state as their resources dwindle. a few isolated violent reactions (military or legal)by the republics against the corporate states, but they will fail over time. against, or more so, in conjunction with the homogenized corporatsists wil be the diasporae, non-corporates will glom to other modes of networked alignment, ethnic allegiance will become stronger over time - as the chinese, indian, and jewish disporaestrengthen as a formula for a successful competition against/with the corporates.

 

the american state, succored by its overwhelming techo-military supremancy, loses its mission, its vision - substitutes will to dominate for will to excel - and falls into the deep narcotic, insulated slumber of the unassailable. GE, nano, and the banknote net weaken the mythic cohesion of the american spirit. we are no longer united by common experience (mass-mediated or otherwise) the promise of science to make us stronger, smarter, near immortal is held like a manifest destiny or a divine IOU for services rendered to humanity.

 

Hannah Fry ~ Waterstones ~ St James's Church ~ Piccadilly ~ London ~ England ~ Thursday March 28th 2019.

 

www.flickriver.com/photos/kevenlaw/popular-interesting/ Click here to see My most interesting images

 

Purchase some of my images here ~ www.saatchiart.com/account/artworks/24360 ~ Should you so desire...go on, make me rich..lol...Oh...and if you see any of the images in my stream that you would like and are not there, then let me know and I'll add them to the site for you..:))

 

You can also buy my WWT card here (The Otter image) or in the shop at the Wetland Centre in Barnes ~ London ~ www.wwt.org.uk/shop/shop/wwt-greeting-cards/european-otte...

  

Have a Fabulous Friday Y'all..:)

If you are not a mathematician, you are unlikely to know of a gentleman named August Ferdinand Möbius, who was a professor of Mathematics and Astronomy at the University of Leipzig. Despite being outlandishly talented, the good professor didn’t exactly blaze through academic ranks because he was unable to attract paying students to take his class and would advertise his lectures as ‘free’ to get adequate enrollment. However, the absentminded professor considered mathematics to be poetic, and ended up defining and lending his name to one of the most enigmatic two-dimensional structures: the Möbius band (or, Möbius strip).

 

Yes, all of us have seen a Möbius band: the recycling sign on plastic or the infinity sign are great examples of Möbius band. To make a Möbius strip of your own, find yourself a rectangular strip of paper and glue both ends of the strip together after half-twisting the paper (by 180 degrees). Many things are extremely remarkable about this structure. Most uniquely, this two-dimensional structure has one surface. Don’t believe? Find yourself a ink pen and mark your initials anywhere on the surface. Now, with your finger tip, travel away from your initials along the central line of the strip surface. Keep going without lifting your finger from the paper. When you will have traveled the whole strip twice, you will find your fingers back on your initials –– convinced, that’s only one surface?

 

This 'one surface' property leads to another unintuitive – almost tantalizing – nature of this unique structure where the laterally inverted (mirror image) form of any physical point exists on the same surface! In a regular piece of paper, your initials and its mirror image (bleed-through the paper) would be on two different surfaces; To travel between them, you will have to switch surfaces. But in your personal paper Möbius strip, it is now possible to start from your initials, and without altering surfaces, reach their bleed-through mirror image, which is apparently on the other side of the surface from your initials! Also, one could keep walking on the only surface of the strip forever without ever needing to turn around – if you didn’t already, now you know why the infinity sign looks as it does!

 

Finally, the most unintuitive signature of Mobius structures is that they are unorientable. What’s that, right? Points on orientable things, like a ball or a bat, can be ‘inward’ and ‘outward’ or ‘upward’ and ‘downward’. No matter how you rotate the ball, an ‘outward’ point will always remain outward. But on a Möbius band, a point can slide from an ‘outward’ to an ‘inward’ orientation by rotating the strip. Simply put, the Möbius band has no ‘sidedness’. Here, every point and its mirror-image have collapsed on the same surface. It is as if, all dichotomies have disappeared and dimensions have warped-up somewhere!

 

Do Möbius bands exist in nature? Yes, they do. Despite the illusory visual of being so, the famous namesake arch in Alabama hills, CA is geometrically not a Möbius band. But, non-fictitious Möbius bands exist in nature elsewhere. Crystals of certain chemical compounds (e.g., niobium and selenium, NbSe3) display Möbius structures. In quantum physics, waveforms for fermions (not bosons) curiously reminds one of the Möbius pattern. Now, imagine how nice would it be if we had Möbius roller coasters or freeways in our perceivable world? We could then hop on them to simultaneously be ourselves and our mirror image – our alter ago – thereby drawing a closure to all our dichotomies. Wouldn’t it be nice if that happened?

 

Let me close with a crazy thought. What if, Möbius bands come into existence somewhere in those ten dimensions (M-theory) around us somewhen during magical times of the day, but due to limitations of our perceptual faculties, we are unable to acknowledge their presence?

  

Secret #26: Having a degree in maths does not mean I can count! Seriously, I can prove theorems like "i to the power of i is a great number of real distinct numbers"... but I suck at splitting the restaurant bill.

« Cette forge a été fondée par Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon en 1768 près de Montbard en Côte d’Or. Ce célèbre savant naturaliste (1707-1788) était aussi mathématicien, biologiste, cosmologiste, philosophe et écrivain français. À la fois académicien des sciences et académicien français, il participe à l'esprit des Lumières. Ses théories ont influencé deux générations de naturalistes, en particulier Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck et Charles Darwin et a été salué par ses contemporains pour son maître ouvrage Histoire naturelle. L'approche scientifique du naturaliste et ses multiples expériences contribuent alors aux progrès de la métallurgie. Elles lui permettent de valoriser les ressources de bois et de minerai (d'assez mauvaise qualité) de ses terres. » Source Wikipedia

fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Forge_de_Buffon

 

“This forge was founded by Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon in 1768 near Montbard in Côte d´Or. This famous naturalist scientist (1707-1788) was also a French mathematician, biologist, cosmologist, philosopher and writer. Both academician of science and academician of French, he participated in the spirit of the Enlightenment. His theories influenced two generations of naturalists, in particular Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck and Charles Darwin, and was lauded by his contemporaries for his masterpiece Natural History. The naturalist's scientific approach and his multiple experiments then contribute to the progress of metallurgy. They allow him to value the timber and mineral resources (of rather poor quality) of its land. » Wikipedia

  

Pentax Super Me

Film Konica Super Centuria 400 périmé en 2004

Traitement Kit Tetenal Colortec C41

 

Melba Roy Mouton (1929-1990) was a mathematician and computer programmer in NASA’s Trajectory and Geodynamics Division, acting as the Assistant Chief of Research Programs. Mouton worked at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, coding computer programs to calculate the trajectories and locations of various aircraft. She also led the group of "human computers," who tracked the Echo satellites. Roy and her team's computations helped produce the orbital element timetables by which millions could view the satellite from Earth as it passed overhead.

 

Image Credit: NASA

 

#nasa #NASAmarshall #history #blackhistorymonth #BHM

 

Read more

 

Black History Month Image Gallery.

 

For more NASA History photos

 

NASA Media Usage Guidelines

there were 6-8 of them side of the fountain ,They are not allowed jump in the fountain .

Rachel Riley ~ Trolled ~ Kingspace ~ Kings Cross ~ London ~ England ~ Sunday September 15th 2019.

 

www.flickriver.com/photos/kevenlaw/popular-interesting/ Click here to see My most interesting images

 

Purchase some of my images here ~ www.saatchiart.com/account/artworks/24360 ~ Should you so desire...go on, make me rich..lol...Oh...and if you see any of the images in my stream that you would like and are not there, then let me know and I'll add them to the site for you..:))

 

You can also buy my WWT card here (The Otter image) or in the shop at the Wetland Centre in Barnes ~ London ~ www.wwt.org.uk/shop/shop/wwt-greeting-cards/european-otte...

 

Well, I had the absolute awesome pleasure of seeing & meeting the always gorgeous Mathematician & TV Presenter Rachel Riley at the @kingsplacelondon in #london for a live #podcast of #trolled Both, she, Tracy Ann Oberman & Nick Cohen were as awesome as you'd expect on the difficult subject of "On line" abuse!!! 😊

 

Have a great Monday Y'all..:)

This Group become a mathematicians today at a University of Szeged . Found them drinking vodka ,beer and other good stuff at side of the fountain ! two of them had math hat !

Rachel Riley ~ Trolled ~ Kingspace ~ Kings Cross ~ London ~ England ~ Sunday September 15th 2019.

 

www.flickriver.com/photos/kevenlaw/popular-interesting/ Click here to see My most interesting images

 

Purchase some of my images here ~ www.saatchiart.com/account/artworks/24360 ~ Should you so desire...go on, make me rich..lol...Oh...and if you see any of the images in my stream that you would like and are not there, then let me know and I'll add them to the site for you..:))

 

You can also buy my WWT card here (The Otter image) or in the shop at the Wetland Centre in Barnes ~ London ~ www.wwt.org.uk/shop/shop/wwt-greeting-cards/european-otte...

 

Well, I had the absolute awesome pleasure of seeing & meeting the always gorgeous Mathematician & TV Presenter Rachel Riley at the @kingsplacelondon in #london for a live #podcast of #trolled Both, she, Tracy Ann Oberman & Nick Cohen were as awesome as you'd expect on the difficult subject of "On line" abuse!!! 😊

 

Have a great Hump Day Wednesday Y'all..:)

Otton Nikodym and Stefan Banach who were sitting here in Cracow in October 1916 and met another famous mathematicial - prof. Hugo Steinhaus;

commemorative monument - the author Stefan Dousa; financed by the Astor company; October 2016; Poland

 

Srinivasa Ramanujan FRS was an Indian mathematician who l had almost no formal training in pure mathematics. He made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions, including solutions to mathematical problems then considered unsolvable. Ramanujan initially developed his own mathematical research in isolation. Seeking mathematicians who could better understand his work, in 1913 he began a postal partnership with the English mathematician G. H. Hardy at the University of Cambridge, England. Recognizing Ramanujan's work as extraordinary, Hardy arranged for him to travel to Cambridge. In his notes, Ramanujan had produced groundbreaking new theorems, including some that Hardy said had "defeated him and his colleagues completely", in addition to rediscovering recently proven but highly advanced results.

"Takes a step back

From the vacant chair

Looking in the mirror

While she's combing her hair

Wipes the dust from a cup

While she's cleaning up

Wonders very slightly

What she's doing there

A simple reflection

Can be too revealing

Years are for counting

Years are for stealing

She's a mathematician

Calculator

Counting daily

Counting forever

Cold clean glass

And a razor blade

Fly on the table

And a passing car

Closes the curtain to

Keep in the shade

Closes her head

And now she's counting down

Dust is collecting

But she doesn't notice

Counting for ever

She's a calculator

No one can see her

No one can see her

And the dust is collecting"...

Eurythmics / She's Invisible Now...

www.youtube.com/watch?v=yk5Gag53j7I

*** *** ***

I'm stampolina and I love to take photos of stamps. Thanks for visiting this pages on flickr.

 

I'm neither a typical collector of stamps, nor a stamp dealer. I'm only a stamp photograph. I'm fascinated of the fine close-up structures which are hidden in this small stamp-pictures. Please don't ask of the worth of these stamps - the most ones have a worth of a few cents or still less.

 

By the way, I wanna say thank you to all flickr users who have sent me stamps! Great! Thank you! Someone sent me 3 or 5 stamps, another one sent me more than 20 stamps in a letter. It's everytime a great surprise for me and I'm everytime happy to get letters with stamps inside from you!

thx, stampolina

 

For the case you wanna send also stamps - it is possible. (...I'm pretty sure you'll see these stamps on this photostream on flickr :) thx!

 

stampolina68

Mühlenweg 3/2

3244 Ruprechtshofen

Austria - Europe

 

* * * * * * * * *

 

great stamp Helvetia 40c Celestial globe, Himmelsglobus, Globus coelestis (by Jost Bürgi, 1552-1632, swiss mathematician, watchmaker and astronomer; Globe céleste, Звёздный глобус, 天球仪)

Jean Mawhin in Liblice, 1986

acute angle or a cute angle?

The home of British codebreaking and a birthplace of modern information technology. It played a major role in World War Two, producing secret intelligence which had a direct and profound influence on the outcome of the conflict.

 

The key codebreakers were Alan Turing (Mathematician), Dilly Knox (British cryptographer), John Tiltman (British officer), Max Newman (Mathematician), Bill Tutte (Mathematician). In all there over 10,000 people worked at Bletchley Park, Government Code and Cypher School.

Egnazio Danti (Perugia 1536 - Alatri 1586)

Mathematician, astronomer, Dominican friar and even cosmographer.

In 1567 or so, Cosimo I de Medici, Duke of Tuscany summoned him in his court to develop and share the mathematical and astronomical studies in the territory of his competence.

 

He became soon a Grand Ducal cosmographer working hard on the maps that are still decorating the Hall of Charts in Palazzo Vecchio.

 

During his permanence in Florence Danti lived at the convent of Santa Maria Novella assembling the armillary sphere, the gnomon and the gnomonic holes on the façade.

 

The armillary sphere, installed it on the building in 1574, is on the left side of the front of the church and was used to determine the time of the vernal or Spring equinox by the shadow of the sun on its equatorial ring.

 

It was with this instrument that Fra' Egnazio Danti established that the calendar was 10 days late. He presented his plan to the pope who approved it. Thus was born the Gregorian calendar which is also ours, jumping from 4 to 14 October

 

strobist-info:-sb900-thru-beauty dish-front-sb900s-thru-umbrella- left-and-right-of-subject

Mathematician, navigator, and first mate of the Henri, Myles Bowditch is signing up for Eslandola and the East Trade Wind Company! For gold and country! - and the ETWC.

 

My sig-fig for Brethren of the Brick Seas. Check it out here!

Adder: Viperus berus.

West Hare Crag, Cotherstone Moor.

Jack Hale. Plenary talk on the International Conference on Dynamical Systems And Applications in Atlanta (GE), 2007.

Georg von Peuerbach, (1421—1461), was an Austrian mathematician and astronomer instrumental in the European revival of the technical understanding of the astronomical ideas of Ptolemy (fl. c. ad 140) and the early use of sines in Europe.

 

Peuerbach’s best-known work, the Theoricae novae planetarum (1454; “New Theories of the Planets”), began as lectures to the Viennese “Citizens’ School” (Bürgerschule), which Regiomontanus copied in his notebook. An influential university textbook, the Theoricae novae planetarum eventually replaced the widely used, anonymous 13th-century Theorica planetarum communis (the common “Theory of the Planets”). By the late 17th century, this textbook had appeared in more than 50 Latin and vernacular editions and commentaries, while introducing such students as Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543), Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), and Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) to an updated and simplified version of Ptolemy’s Almagest that gave a physical interpretation to its mathematical models.

 

www.britannica.com/biography/Georg-von-Peuerbach

Mathematician-academician with his daughters.

"Euclid's Elements is certainly one of the greatest books ever written, and one of the most perfect monuments of the Greek intellect."

 

Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy, p. 211

 

My entry in the preliminary round of the 2018 Bio-Cup, of course! I was set from the start on offering something entirely original. After a days or two muddling through various unsatisfying 'elements' from alchemy, technology, and science, I suddenly recalled the Greek mathematician Euclid's authorship of the landmark geometry textbook entitled Elements, and knew I would depict him. In a Bionicle twist, he now wields Geometry powers in addition to his trademark compass and straightedge! I look forward to your thoughts, hope you enjoy, and wish my fellow participants good luck in the Bio-Cup!

View Large and on Black

 

Strobist: AB800 with HOBD-W, 15 degree grid, overhead, 45 degrees. AB1600 with 60X39 softbox overhead right, AB800 with Softlighter II camera left. Triggered by Cybersync.

"The Mathematician" (detail) by Andrey Zakirzyanov

colored pencil on paper

57x 76 cm

1990

 

My animations & videoart here - www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=F07F0FC9A199F76B

 

"The Mathematician" by Andrey Zakirzyanov

colored pencil on paper

57x 76 cm

1990

 

My animations & videoart here - www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=F07F0FC9A199F76B

 

Uma vez vi essa frase em um blog seguida de várias lindas fotos e tive vontade de fazer algo parecido. Em uma tarde de sábado, enquanto esperava o pôr-do-sol na avenida Beira-mar, esses dois divertidos pescadores pararam perto de onde eu estava e um deles perguntou se eu trabalhava pra algum jornal, eu ri e respondi que não. Então começamos a conversar, sempre tendo que dar uma pausa quando algum deles tinha que jogar a isca no mar novamente. Conversamos sobre assuntos que iam de assaltos (o pescador da esquerda mostrou a cicatriz de uma facada que levou à alguns anos) à matemática, isso mesmo! Me contaram a história de Souzinha, o maior matemático da história do Brasil, nascido aqui no Maranhão, que resolveu de duas formas uma equação até então impossível de ser resolvida, em meio à uma classe regida por Augustin Louis Cauchy, na universidade de Sorbonne em Paris. Até então na pescaria eles tinham pego um peixe e assim que terminamos de conversar, um deles falou: 'Ei rapaz, pega tua câmera e tira uma foto nossa, mostra o peixe também!' Depois que tirei algumas fotos, me despedi e segui pela avenida tirando mais fotos e imaginando se algum dia encontraria os dois novamente pra entregar essa foto, pelo menos não faltarão outros sábados com pôr-do-sol pra isso, :D

-

'Talk to strangers and photograph them'. One day I saw this quote in a blog, with some beautiful pictures and I wanna make something like that. In a saturday afternoon, while I was waiting for the sunset at the Beira-mar avenue, this two funny fishermen stopped by my side and one of them asked if I work in a journal, I laugn and and said no. So we started to talk, always taking a pause when they have to throw the baits again in the sea. We talk about many things, between robery (the left one show me the scar of a stab, that he receive some years ago) and Math! They told me the story of Souzinha, the brazilians biggest mathematician, born in my state, who solved one of the impossible equations in two different ways, in the middle of Augustin Louis Cauchy class ath the Sorbonne University in Paris. At this time, they catch a little fish and I was leaving, when one of them say: 'Hey boy, grab your camera and take a picture , show the fish too, like the TV!'. After I take some pictures, I said goodbye and keep walking, taking other pictures and wondering if someday I could find they again to give them this picture. At least will have another sunny saturdays for this, :D

 

Canon EOS 500 - Soligor 135/2.8

Maître de la Légende de Sainte Lucie

Actif aux Pays Bas 15è siècle

Deux Apôtres Two Apostles

Dijon Musée des Beaux Arts.

 

LE BEAU ET LE BIEN. LE LAID ET LE MAL. LE VRAI ET LE FAUX.

 

L'art de tous les temps et dans toutes les sociétés est un moyen pour les élites d'imposer une religion (sacrée) ou une idéologie (profane, laïque). L'art est donc un intéressant révélateur de la pensée philosophique et morale qui inspire les élites d'une société donnée en un temps donné. Ces religions ou idéologies peuvent différer beaucoup quant au bénéfice que les peuples vont, ou non, en retirer. Certaines sont propices à l'établissement de civilisations au long cours (Egypte ancienne, Antiquité greco-romaine, Christianisme, Hindouisme, Bouddhisme, Islam....) d'autres sont plus ou moins rapidement mortelles ( Sociétés Aztèque et Inca, Communisme, National-Socialisme).

En effet certaines idéologies, sacrées ou profanes, conçues par les élites, ont été, à plus ou moins court terme, acceptées et totalement partagées par les peuples qui y ont adhéré sans réticence. Elles peuvent alors s'imposer totalement sans heurter les sentiments et les libertés des populations, ou tout au moins d'une majorité largement significative, voire faire l'unanimité à l'intérieur de leur société durant une longue période de temps.

D'autres idéologies par contre ont été imposées par les élites, mais n'ont pas suscité l'adhésion unanime ou majoritaire des peuples qui sont entrés en résistance, passive ou active avec plus ou moins de succès au bout d'une période plus ou moins longue.

 

Ce n'est certainement pas par hasard si l'art catholique et orthodoxe peignait Dieu, le Christ, la Vierge et les Anges beaux, et Satan et les démons laids. C'est une convention qui se retrouve à peu près dans toutes les civilisations. Platon dans certains de ses dialogues enseigne que le vrai, le beau et le bien sont trois formes de l'être suprême. La Beauté ce serait aussi, selon lui, la Vérité et le Bien. " Le Beau est la splendeur du Vrai". Les artistes des temps passés et leurs commanditaires savaient qu'il existe entre le Beau et le Bien d'une part et le Laid et le Mal, le Vrai et le Faux, d'autre part des correspondances subtiles, des accords profonds. Les peuples qui en restent aux faits apparents, et aux évidences de bon sens simples, mais pas toujours simplistes, ressentent instinctivement, ces consonances.

 

Il faut donc questionner le renversement total des valeurs que les élites politiques et idéologiques, politiquement correctes, et les artistes à leur service , ont imposé à la peinture occidentale depuis le milieu du 20è siècle en décidant de favoriser une peinture (et une sculpture), non seulement absurde, mais aussi totalement et volontairement laide. Un art officiel, académique et obligatoire, qui remplit les musées de tout l'Occident et qui s'exporte avec profit. Un art contemporain qu'il ne faut pas confondre avec l'art commercial privé et celui des rues, mais dont tout l'intérêt est de révéler les réelles tendances, intellectuelles et morales, qui inspirent et motivent, contrairement à tous leurs discours publics, les élites idéologiques et politiques qui gouvernent l'Occident.

Les choix artistiques des élites sont conditionnées par les idéologies, religieuses ou profanes, qu'elles inventent et imposent aux peuples. Ces idéologies ne sont jamais neutres. Elles ont des conséquences bonnes ou mauvaises, plus ou moins bonnes et/ou plus ou moins mauvaises sur les civilisations. Mais en définitive ce sont toujours les peuples qui paient la note.

 

Certes les équivalences Beau-Bien, Laid-Mal, Vrai-Faux peuvent être tout à fait trompeuses. Pour séduire le monde l'Antéchrist sera très Beau, tout le monde chrétien le sait. Certaines théories ou démonstrations scientifiques, qualifiées de magnifiquement belles par les mathématiciens et les physiciens, se sont effondrées : elles étaient fausses. Comme la très belle théorie de la gravitation de Newton, qui devra laisser la place à celle de la relativité générale d'Einstein.

Le bon sens populaire le sait aussi depuis longtemps: "C'est trop beau pour être vrai". "Visage d'ange, âme de démon", "l'habit ne fait pas le moine" etc

Il n'existe pas de lien absolument constant et évidemment nécessaire entre la Beauté et le Bien ou la Vérité. C'est plus subtile que cela, mais le lien est véritable, profond, même s'il n'est que relatif, et apparemment, pour nous, imparfait, aperçu indistinctement, intuitivement ressenti, mais exactement insaisissable en raison discursive.

Certains scientifiques posent clairement la question en termes à la fois affirmatifs et prudents. Paul Dirac :"si l'on travaille avec le but d'obtenir de la beauté dans ses équations on est dans une voie sûre de progrès". Roger Penrose: "c'est une chose mystérieuse que ce qui paraît élégant a de meilleures chances d'être vrai que ce qui est laid". Il est exact aussi que la perception du Beau est partiellement fonction des cultures, des apprentissages, et des intelligences. Il est vrai que Lascaux est beau depuis 30.000 ans, mais peu nombreux sont ceux qui sont capables de ressentir la beauté d'une formule mathématique. Et cela n'a finalement rien d'étonnant. L'hindouisme enseigne depuis plus de deux millénaires que la vérité telle qu'elle peut être perçue par les hommes est plurielle et donc relative. Il est bien normal que le Beau et le Bien fonctionnent selon les mêmes schémas aléatoires pour notre entendement limité.

Quand une forme de beauté ne rend plus compte de la réalité telle qu'elle est ressentie à une certaine époque de l'histoire par une population, ou telle qu'elle peut être techniquement rendue par les artistes de l'époque, il faut changer les critères du Beau. Mais pas nécessairement faire de l'art laid.

C'est ce qu'on fait les artistes des temps paléochrétiens et romans : Ils n'étaient plus capables de peindre comme leurs anciens de l'antiquité gréco-romaine. Ils ont peint autrement. Plus simplement. Ils ont supprimé les volumes, les expressions psychologiques, la perspective. Ils ont créé la "peinture plate" qui a duré en Europe du 5è siècle au début du 14è siècle environ. Ils ont changé les sujets de leur art bien sûr et les ont rendus conformes à l'idéologie chrétienne nouvelle. Mais ils n'ont pas peint laid. Ils n'ont pas peint absurde. Ils ont peint plat, mais beau, et plein de sens.

Un sens compréhensible par les peuples, même et surtout par les illettrés, qui constituaient l'immense majorité de la population européenne à laquelle ces artistes s'adressaient, sur instruction des élites idéologiques et politiques. C'est toute l'explication de l'architecture, mais aussi des fresques, des vitraux, des chapiteaux des églises Paléo-chrétiennes, de celles du "Moyen Age" Roman et Gothique: Communiquer avec les peuples, et bien sûr communiquer un message conforme au catéchisme officiel. Un art techniquement simple, mais inter-social, partagé entre les élites et les populations. Car les deux mondes, élites et peuples, croyaient en une même vision du monde.

De même pour les artistes de l'Art Moderne. Par exemple les Impressionnistes, en opposition aux Académiques. Les impressionnistes ont seulement changé les critères du beau. Cette nouvelle esthétique a suscité quelques oppositions très temporaires. Les taches floues et informes de Delacroix en premier, et des impressionnistes ensuite, vues par Jean Dominique Ingres ou Alexandre Cabanel, c'était l'horreur du non-art. On peut comprendre les deux camps.

Mais les impressionnistes n'ont pas peint laid, ni absurde. Ils n'ont aucunement peint contre les sentiments des peuples. Au contraire, c'étaient eux le peuple face aux grands bourgeois de l'Académie de Peinture. Leurs thèmes, le paysage essentiellement, étaient autrement plus populaires que les grands sujets historiques et mythologiques des peintres académiques. Sur bien des points les pré-impressionnistes et les impressionnistes se mettaient seulement à l'heure de la peinture des Pays Bas du siècle d'or qui avait près de siècles "d'avance", notamment quand aux thèmes, sur la peinture néoclassique et académique. C'est pourquoi d'ailleurs Napoléon III, qui avait tout compris, a très vite créé le Salon des Refusés.

Ce schéma s'est reproduit ensuite avec les post-impressionnistes, plus audacieux encore car ils sont allés chercher leurs modèles plus loin dans le passé. Ces peintres ce sont inspirés de la peinture plate de l'époque et paléo-chrétienne et romane, du premier gothique, qu'ils connaissaient fort bien, parce qu'ils fréquentaient assidument le musée du Louvre. Les post-impressionnistes n'ont pas peint laid ni absurde, ils ont seulement changé les règles du Beau.

Le Beau est un sentiment subjectif, personnel, qui s'objective par le partage et l'approbation des peuples et des élites. C'est un fait d'expérience collective et durable. Il est tout à fait possible de modifier les critères du beau. Ce n'est pas une révolution. C'est juste une évolution qui devra subir l'épreuve de l'approbation des élites, des peuples, et du temps.

Mais quand une élite idéologique et politique remplace, autoritairement et systématiquement, d'en haut, dans tout son art officiel, le beau par le laid, le sens partagé par l'absurde incommunicable, l'harmonie par l'abject, la sensation de joie et de bonheur par un sentiment de déréliction et d'avilissement, cette élite change totalement les repères fondamentaux de l'humanité au point peut être de quitter la civilisation.

C'est une question qui concerne directement les peuples, leur survie même : l'art officiel, laid et absurde, est nécessairement le reflet de la morale et de la politique qui inspire les élites idéologiques et politiques gouvernant l'Occident. Les élites ont nécessairement la morale et la politique de leur esthétique. Le Laid et l'Absurde, dans l'Art Contemporain Officiel, c'est la preuve d'une idéologie et d'une politique globale laide et absurde. Quand une élite érige en modèle artistique, une anti esthétique, c'est qu'elle a perdu le sens de la mesure et de l'harmonie. La négation systématique, méthodique, doctrinale, du Beau et du Sens est nécessairement la négation du Bien et du Vrai.

 

BEAUTIFUL AND GOOD. UGLY AND EVIL. TRUE AND FALSE.

 

The art of all times and in all societies is a means for the elites to impose a (sacred) religion or an ideology (secular, secular). Art is therefore an interesting revealer of the philosophical and moral thought that inspires the elites of a given society in a given time. These religions or ideologies can differ a lot as to the benefit that peoples will or will not withdraw. Some are conducive to the establishment of long-term civilizations (ancient Egypt, Greek-Roman antiquity, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam ...) others are more or less rapidly mortal (Aztec and Inca society, Communism, national Socialism).

Indeed, certain ideologies, sacred or secular, conceived by the elites, have been, more or less short term, accepted and totally shared by the peoples who adhered to it without reluctance. They can then impose themselves completely without hurting the feelings and freedoms of the people, or at least a largely significant majority, even unanimity within their society for a long period of time.

Other ideologies, on the other hand, have been imposed by the elites, but did not generate the membership unanimous or majority of peoples that came into resistance, passive or active with more or less success after a shorter or longer period.

It is certainly not by chance that Catholic and Orthodox art painted God, Christ, the Virgin and the Angels, always beautifuls, and Satan and the demons, always ugly. It is a convention that is found in almost all civilizations. Plato in some of his dialogues teaches that the true, the beautiful and the good are three forms of the supreme being. Beauty is also, according to him, Truth and Good. "Beauty is the splendor of truth". The artists of past times and their sponsors knew that there is between Beauty and Good on the one hand and the Ugly and the Evil, the True and the False, on the other hand, subtle correspondences, deep chords. The peoples who prefer the apparent facts, and the simple but not always simplistic evidences of common sense, instinctively feel these consonances

It is therefore necessary to question the total reversal of the values that the political and ideological elites, politically correct, and the artists at their service have imposed on Western painting since the middle of the 20th century by deciding to favor a painting (and a sculpture), not only absurd, but also totally and willingly ugly. An official, academic and obligatory art, which fills the museums of all the Occident and which exports with profit. A contemporary art that should not be confused with commercial art and that of the streets (street art) , but whose whole interest is to reveal the real trends, intellectual and moral, which inspire and motivate, contrary to all their public speeches, the ideological and political elites that govern the West.

The artistic choices of the elites are conditioned by ideologies, religious or secular, which they invent and impose on the peoples. These ideologies are never neutral. They have good or bad consequences, more or less good and / or more or less bad on civilizations. But ultimately it is always the peoples who pay the bill.

Certainly the equivalences Beau-Bien, Laid-Mal, True-False can be quite misleading. To seduce the world the Antichrist will be very beautiful, every Christian knows it. Some theories or scientific demonstrations, described as magnificently beautiful by mathematicians and physicists, have collapsed: they were false. Like Newton's beautiful theory of gravitation, which will have to be replaced by Einstein's general relativity.

Popular wisdom has also known it for a long time: "It's too good to be true". "Angel face, soul of demon", "the habit does not make the monk" etc.

There is no absolutely constant and obviously necessary link between Beauty and Good or Truth. It is more subtle than that, but the connection is real, profound, even if it is only relative, and apparently, for us, imperfect, seen indistinctly, intuitively felt, but exactly elusive by discursive reason.

Some scientists clearly pose the question in both affirmative and cautious terms. Paul Dirac: "if you work with the goal of obtaining beauty in your equations, you are in a sure way of progress". Roger Penrose: "It's a mysterious thing that what looks elegant has a better chance of being true than what is ugly". It is also true that the perception of beauty is partly a function of cultures, learning, and intelligence. It is true that Lascaux has been beautiful for 30,000 years, but few people are able to feel the beauty of a mathematical formula. And this is not surprising. Hinduism has been teaching for more than two millennia that the truth as it can be perceived by men is plural and therefore relative. It is quite normal that Beauty and Good work according to the same random patterns for our limited understanding.

When a form of beauty no longer reflects reality as it is felt at a certain time in history by a population, or as it can be technically rendered by the artists of the time, we must change the criteria of Beau. But not necessarily make ugly art.

This is what the artists of paleochristian and Romanesque times have done: They were no longer able to paint like their ancients in Greco-Roman antiquity. They painted differently. More simply. They deleted the volumes, the psychological expressions, the perspective. They created the "flat paint" that lasted in Europe from the 5th century to the early 14th century. They changed the subjects of their art of course and made them conform to the new Christian ideology. But they did not paint ugly. They did not paint absurd. They painted flat, but beautiful, and full of meaning.

A meaning understandable by the people, even and especially by the illiterate, who constituted the vast majority of the European population to which these artists addressed, on the instruction of the ideological and political elites. This is the whole explanation of architecture, but also frescoes, stained glass, capitals of the Paleo-Christian churches, those of the "Middle Ages" Roman and Gothic: Communicating with the people, and of course communicating a message conform to the official catechism. A technically simple but inter-social art, shared between elites and populations. The both worlds, elites and peoples, believed in the same vision of the world.

Similarly for artists of Modern Art. For example the Impressionists, in opposition to Academicist. The Impressionists have only changed the criteria of the beautiful. This new aesthetic has given rise to some very temporary oppositions. The fuzzy and shapeless spots of Delacroix first, and the impressionists then, seen by Jean Dominique Ingres or Alexandre Cabanel, was the horror of non-art. We can understand both sides.

But the Impressionists did not paint ugly or absurd. They did not paint against the feelings of the people. On the contrary, they were the people against the great bourgeois of the Academy of Painting. Their themes, essentially the landscape, were far more popular than the great historical and mythological subjects of academicist painters. In many respects the pre-Impressionists and the Impressionists were returned only at the time of the painting of the Netherlands of the Golden Age, which had been "in advance" for two centuries, especially compared to the themes of neoclassicism and of academic painting. This is why Napoleon III, who had understood everything, quickly created the Salon des Refusés.

This pattern was then repeated with the post-Impressionists, even more daring because they went to look for their models further in the past. These painters are inspired by the flat painting of the time paleo-Christian and Romanesque, the first Gothic, which they knew very well, because they frequented the museum of the Louvre. The post-impressionists did not paint ugly or absurd, they only changed the rules of the Beautiful.

The beautiful is a subjective, personal feeling, which is objectified by the sharing and approval of peoples and elites. It is a fact of collective and lasting experience. It is quite possible to change the criteria of the beautiful. It's not a revolution. It is just an evolution that will have to be tested by the approval of elites, peoples, and time.

But when an ideological and political elite replaces, authoritatively and systematically, from above, in all its official art, the beautiful by the ugly, the sense shared by the incommunicable absurd, the harmony by the abject, the sensation of joy and happiness by a feeling of dereliction and degradation, this elite completely changes the fundamental landmarks of humanity, to the point may be, to leave the civilization.

It is a question that directly concerns the peoples, their very survival: the official art, ugly and absurd, is necessarily the reflection of the morality and politics that inspires the ideological and political elites governing the West. The elites necessarily have the moral and the politics of their aesthetics. The Ugly and the Absurd, in the Official Contemporary Art, is the proof of an ideology and an ugly and absurd global policy. When an elite erects as an artistic model, an anti-aesthetic, it is that it has lost the sense of measure and harmony. The systematic, methodical, doctrinal negation of Beauty and Sense is necessarily the negation of Good and Truth.

  

The Jagiellonian University a public research university in Kraków Poland The main assembly hall of the university Collegium Maius

 

The Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet Jagielloński (UJ) a public research university in

Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great.

 

The Jagiellonian University comprises 16 Faculties, where nearly 4 thousand academic staff conduct

research and provide education to almost 40 thousand students, within the framework of more than

150 different fields of study.

 

Notable alumni.

 

Nicolaus Copernicus, Renaissance polymath who formulated the theory of Heliocentrism.

Jan Długosz, priest, chronicler and diplomat.

Francysk Skaryna, Belarusian humanist, physician, and translator.

Jan Kochanowski, Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to

the Polish literary language.

John III Sobieski, King of Poland.

Hugo Kołłątaj, constitutional reformer and educationalist, one of the most prominent figures of the

Polish Enlightenment.

Carl Menger, Austrian economist and the founder of the Austrian School of economics.

Karol Olszewski, chemist who became the first scientist to liquefy oxygen and nitrogen.

Ignacy Łukasiewicz, pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist who built the

world's first modern oil refinery.

Wacław Sierpiński, mathematician known for contributions to set theory, number theory, theory of

functions, and topology.

Bronisław Malinowski, one of the founders of social anthropology.

Ivo Andrić, Yugoslav novelist, poet and short story writer, winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in

Literature.

Antoni Kępiński, psychiatrist and philosopher.

Stanisław Lem, writer of science fiction and essays on various subjects, including philosophy,

futurology, and literary criticism.

Krzysztof Penderecki, composer and conductor.

Wisława Szymborska, poet, essayist and translator, recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Pope John Paul II, head of the Catholic Church from 1978 until 2005.

Norman Davies, British historian specializing in Central and Eastern Europe.

Jerzy Vetulani, neuroscientist, pharmacologist and biochemist.

Andrzej Duda, 6th President of the Republic of Poland.

 

Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 and has traditionally been one of the leading

centres of Polish academic, economic, cultural and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most

beautiful cities, its Old Town with Wawel Royal Castle was declared the first UNESCO World Heritage

Site in the world.

   

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