View allAll Photos Tagged makka
يـــارب إذا لي دعـوة مستجابة
بوجز لو ان اللي ابيــه واجــد
ابقى على نهج النـبـي والصحابه
وأموت بين يديك يـارب سـاجـد
......~
ليت الـذي خلـق العيـون السـوداخلـق القلـوب الخافقـات حـديـدا
لـولا نواعسهـا ولـولا سحـرهـامـا ود مالـك قلبـه لـو صـيـدا
Tea is Wearing.
Beauty.
Hair: Sintiklia @ Anthem event Bahati
Just MagnetizedBeauty marks
Just Magnetized Perfect Brows
. MILA . Messy Eyelashes
alme. Mesh S&R Nails - Ombre Natural (
Belle [June 6 - July 3, 2019](
SU!- Ordelia Lipstick /Essentials Pack/
Body.
CATWA HEAD Catya.
Maitreya Mesh Body – Lara
*YS&YS* Danana Tone 02 Skin Applier CATWA
Wearing.
.miss chelsea. . Cary Top .
evani. @ Anthem event Makka zip.leggins
Pure poison - Marce Boots - Maitreya
`M.BIRDIE / Leah look-Jacket on shoulder5
Accessories.
.random.Matter. - Woojin Earrings - Silver [R]
Bowtique - Chimpy Earring (R)
Bowtique - Palm Tree Earring (L) Green
Decor.
i know that this is a common shot but what is nice is the new feature in the canon G10 the ND filter so when u use the max F number F8 the shutter will be 1 second but if u turn the ND filter on then the shutter will drop to 13 seconds which give you a great slow motion shot
and about this place
Mecca IPA: /ˈmɛkə/, also spelled Makkah IPA: [ˈmækə], Arabic: مكة Makka (in full: Makka al-Mukarrama IPA: [(Arabic) mækːæ(t) ælmʊkarˑamæ]; Arabic: مكّة المكرمة, literally: Honored Mecca) is a city in Saudi Arabia. Home to the Masjid al-Haram, it is the holiest city in Islam and plays an important role in the faith. As of 2008 the annual Hajj pilgrimage attracts two to three million pilgrims to the city,[1][2] and presents both opportunities for the city's economy, and challenges for its infrastructure. Culturally, the city is modern, cosmopolitan and ethnically diverse.[3][4][5][6]
Islamic tradition attributes the beginning of Mecca to Ishmael's descendants. In the 7th century, the Islamic prophet Muhammad proclaimed Islam in the city, by then an important trading center, and the city played an important role in the early history of Islam. After 966, Mecca was led by local sharifs, until 1924, when it came under the rule of the Saudis.[7] In its modern period, Mecca has seen a great expansion in size and infrastructure.
The modern day city is located in and is the capital of Saudi Arabia's Makkah Province, in the historic Hejaz region. With a population of 1,700,000 (2008), the city is located 73 km (45 mi) inland from Jeddah, in a narrow valley, and 277 m (910 ft) above sea level.
اعرف ان الصورة عادية ومألوفة ولكن الجيد في الصورة هو استخدام الميزة الجديدة في الكاميرا
G10
وهي فلتر الان دي
تخيل معاي عند استخدام اكبر فتحة وهي 8 يصير الشتر ثانية واحدة ولكن عند تشغيل ميزة فلتر
ND
يصير الشتر عندك 13 ثانية
ياسلام شي حلو
كان في هوا يحرك الخام للكعبة اثر شوي على الحدة وكذلك لما تصور في مكان ممنوع شوي يصير شغلك سريع
بالتوفيق للجميع
i took this one on 2 ways ! with colors and B&W ,
i love the B&W one more than this one , it's a Deep meaning in B&W , but it's a good angle in the picture with colors ! you noticed the Inclination haha , it's not my mistake , it was mistake from the man who put the bulb on the wall :P
so you can see it with colors UP ^
and see it in B&W Here
What do think ? Wich one is Better ! :-)
This is my tribute to the lovely sparkling bizzy. I chose this as I remember talking to her about bokeh and how pleased she was to find some (plus it's that time of year again!). Sorry it's a bit late but I only just put the Christmas tree up. My mum has bought E an advent calendar with a decoration in a pocket for each day. It's a lovely idea but does mean that the tree needs to go up on the 1st of December and I'm usually a just before Christmas person as far as decorating goes. At least it gives me the chance to get lots of Christmas bokeh shots early this year! These are some colour changing LED lights I bought today as they go purple.
ஒவியம்: அண்ணன் புகழேந்தி (Credit to & Line Art by : Pugazendhi)
நிலையம் செல்லும் வரை உற்சாகமும் குதுகலிப்புமே..
நேரம் செல்ல செல்ல..
ஒன்றும் புரியவில்லை...
தலையை பிய்த்துக் கொண்டு நான்..
கண்கள் சிவந்த நீ...
குறும்பயணம்.. வார இறுதிக்காய்..
காத்திருந்து..
ஓடி சந்தித்துக் கொள்வோம்..
நெடும் பயணம் சந்திக்க வழியில்லை..
காத்திருக்க தான் வேண்டும்..
எத்துனை முறை தான் பிரித்து பார்ப்பார்கள்..
பிரிவு புதிதில்லை.. சற்று காலம் தேவை தான்.. புரிந்து கொள்ள..
திரும்பி வா.. காத்திருக்கிறேன்.. இல்லை நான் வருகிறேன்.. காத்திரு...
Missing You Makka...
used cam : Canon 450D
Lens : 55 - 250 mm Canon
place : Makka .. kingdom of saudi arabia
Middel East ..
| maKKas - The Raw Sample Project |
"For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God."
1 Corinthians 1:18
Musician: Paulo Jorge Morais
Photography bY © 2014 FBranquinho
Dassault Falcon 900EX ( msn 130 ) . Empterwik Special Services Ltd . Ex HB-JTJ , OO-SCR , VP-BEF , F-WWFH , built in 2003 , delivered 6.11.20 ( as M- )
.. أستغفرك ربي وإليك أتوب ..
.. أسألك تعفو عني وترضى ..
.. وأسألك تفرج كربة المكروب ..
.. وتشفي جميع عبادك المرضى ..
استغفر الله العظيم من كل ذنب أذنبتــــــــــه ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل فرض تركـــــتــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل إنسان ظلـمـتــــه ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل صالح جـفــوتــــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل ظالم صاحـــبتــه .... استغفر الله العظيم من كل بـــر أجـــــلتـــــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل ناصح أهنــتـــــه ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل محمود سئـمــتـــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل زور نطقت بــــه .... استغفر الله العظيم من كل حق أضــعــتـــــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل باطل اتبعــتـــــه ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل وقت أهــــدرتــــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل ضمير قـــتلــــته ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل سر أفشـــيـــــتـــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل أمين خدعــتـــــه ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل وعد أخلــفـــــتـــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل عهد خــــــنتــــه ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل امرئ خذلــــــتـــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل صواب كتمــــته ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل خطأ تفوهــت بـــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل عرض هتكتــــه ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل ستر فضــــحـــتــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل لغو سمعــــتــــه ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل حرام نظرت إليـــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل كلام لهوت بـــه ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل إثــم فـعـــــلتــــــــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل نصح خالفتـــــه .... استغفر الله العظيم من كل علم نـســيــتـــــــــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل شك أطعـــــتـــه ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل ظن لازمــــتــــــــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل ضلال عرفتـــه ... استغفر الله العظيم من كل ديــن أهمــلــتـــــــه
استغفر الله العظيم من كل ذنب تبت لك به
استغفر الله العظيم من كل ما وعــدتـــك بـــــه ثم عدت فيه من نفسي ولم أوفى به
استغفر الله العظيم من كل عمل أردت به وجهك فخالطني به غيرك
استغفر الله العظيم من كل نعمة أنعمت على بها فاستعنت بها على معصيتك
استغفر الله العظيم من كل ذنب أذنبته في ضياء النهار أو سواد الليل
في ملأ أو خلا أو سراً أو علانية
استغفر الله العظيم من كل مال اكتسبته بغير حق
استغفر الله العظيم من كل علم سُـئـلـت عنه فكتمته
استغفر الله العظيم من كل قول لم أعمل به و خالفته
استغفر الله العظيم من كل فرض خالفته ومن كل بدعه اتبعتها
اللهم أني سامحت كل من أخطأ في حقي فأغفر لي أنه لا يغفر الذنوب إلا أنت
وصلى الله على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وسلم تسليماً كثيرا
-
اللهم إن كان رزقي في السماء فأنزله
وإن كان في الأرض فأخرجه
وإن كان بعيدا فقربه
وإن كان قريبا فيسره
وإن كان قليلا فكثره
وإن كان كثيرا فبارك لي فيه
اللهم آمين
It is nice 2 read this at least once,, ymken tkoon sbb lnajatk =)
Happy Ramadan
كل عــــام وانتـــوا بخير
والشهــــر مبـــــارك
والله يعينا اجمعين على صيامه وقيامه
سوري على الكوالتي لان الصوره من موبايل
sorry for the bad quality its a mobile shot
Photographed by H²О © 2008.All rights reserved.
So, when we got home after the school run Bella wanted to play with all the little stones in the garden. I didn't. So I compromised and we brought a few inside to play with. Bella wandered off so I figured I'd use them for my photo today, piled three up and just as I was about to take the photo madam reappeared and plonked another stone on top :-)
29.01.13
:فضل أيام عشر ذي الحجة
وقد ورد في فضلها أدلة من الكتاب والسنة منها:
قال تعالى : (والفجر، وليال عشر). قال ابن كثير رحمه الله: المراد بها عشر ذي الحجة كما قاله ابن عباس وابن الزبير ومجاهد وغيرهم، ورواه الإمام البخاري .
وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: (ما من أيام العمل الصالح فيهن أحب إلى الله من هذه الأيام العشر) قالوا: ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله؟ قال: (ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله إلا رجل خرج بنفسه وماله فلم يرجع من ذلك بشيء).
وقال تعالى: (ويذكروا اسم الله في أيام معلومات) قال ابن عباس: أيام العشر [تفسير ابن كثير].
وعن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم (ما من أيام أعظم عند الله سبحانه ولا أحب إليه العمل فيهن من هذه الأيام العشر؛ فأكثروا فيهن من التهليل والتحميد) [رواه أحمد].
وكان سعيد بن جبير رحمه الله ـ وهو الذي روى حديث ابن عباس السابق ـ إذا دخلت العشر اجتهد اجتهاداً حتى ما يكاد يقدر عليه [رواه الدارمي].
وقال ابن حجر في الفتح: والذي يظهر أن السبب في امتياز عشر ذي الحجة لمكان اجتماع أمهات العبادة فيه، وهي الصلاة والصيام والصدقة والحج، ولا يتأتى ذلك في غيره.
ما يستحب فعله في هذه الأيام
الصلاة : يستحب التبكير إلى الفرائض، والإكثار من النوافل، فإنها من أفضل القربات. روى ثوبان رضي الله عنه قال: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: (عليك بكثرة السجود لله، فإنك لا تسجد لله سجدة إلا رفعك الله بها درجة، وحط عنك بها خطيئة) [رواه مسلم] وهذا عام في كل وقت.
الصيام: لدخوله في الأعمال الصالحة، فعن هنيدة بن خالد عن امرأته عن بعض أزواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، قالت: (كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصوم تسع ذي الحجة، ويوم عاشوراء، وثلاثة أيام من كل شهر) [رواه الإمام أحمد وأبو داود والنسائي]. قال الإمام النووي عن صوم أيام العشر أنه مستحب استحباباً شديداً.
التكبير والتهليل والتحميد: لما ورد في حديث ابن عمر السابق، (فأكثروا فيهن من التهليل والتكبير والتحميد). وقال الإمام البخاري رحمه الله: (كان ابن عمر وأبو هريرة رضي الله عنهما يخرجان إلى السوق في أيام العشر يكبران، ويكبر الناس بتكبيرهما). وقال أيضاً: (وكان عمر يكبر في قبته بمنى فيسمعه أهل المسجد فيكبرون، ويكبر أهل الأسواق حتى ترتج منى تكبيراً).
وكان ابن عمر يكبر بمنى تلك الأيام، وخلف الصلوات وعلى فراشه، وفي قسطاطه، ومجلسه وممشاه تلك الأيام جميعاً، والمستحب الجهر بالتكبير لفعل عمر وابنه وأبي هريرة.
وحري بنا نحن المسلمون أن نحيي هذه السنة التي قد ضاعت في هذه الأزمان، وتكاد تنسى حتى من أهل الصلاح والخير ـ وللأسف ـ بخلاف ما كان عليه السلف الصالح.
۞بمناسبة دخولنا شهر ذو الحجة المبارك . . . اعادة الله علينا وعليكم باليمن والبركات . . .
واعاد الله لنا حجاجنا وحجاجكم من اهلنا واصحابنا وجميع المسلمين سالمين غانمين بحج مبرور وذنب مغفور . . .۞
¤º°`°º¤øوكل عام وانتـم بخيـرº¤ø,¸¸,ø
Taken By Me
Location :Mecca(Almasjed alharam)
HDR Photo Editing By Me
Fairmount Clock Tower Hotel, Makka, Saudi Arabia. This hotel is opposite the Haram-e-Kaaba (Grand Mosque, Makka) and one of the most comfortable hotels in Makka. I took this shot with Canon 17-40mm F/4.0 Lens by standing in front of the building.
Mecca
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Mecca (disambiguation).
This article contains Arabic text, written from right to left in a cursive style with some letters joined. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined Arabic letters written left-to-right, instead of right-to-left or other symbols instead of Arabic script.
Coordinates: 21°25′00″N 39°49′00″E / 21.416667°N 39.816667°E / 21.416667; 39.816667
مكّة المكرمة
City of Mecca / Makkah Al Mukarrammah
Masjid al-Haram, the center of Mecca, and the source of its prominence
Nickname(s): Umm Al Qura (Mother of Villages)
Location of Mecca
Country Saudi Arabia
Province Makkah Province
Construction of Kaaba +2000 BC
Established Ibrahim
Joined Saudi Arabia 1924
Government
- Mayor Osama Al-Bar
- Provincial Governor Khalid al Faisal
Area Mecca Municipality
- Urban 850 km2 (328.2 sq mi)
- Metro 1,200 km2 (463.3 sq mi)
Population (2007)
- City 1,700,000
- Density 4,200/km2 (2,625/sq mi)
- Urban 2,053,912
- Metro 2,500,000
Makkah Municipality estimate
Time zone EAT (UTC+3)
- Summer (DST) EAT (UTC+3)
Postal Code (5 digits)
Area code(s) +966-2
Website Mecca Municipality
Mecca IPA: /ˈmɛkə/, also spelled Makkah IPA: [ˈmækə], Arabic: مكة Makka (in full: Makka al-Mukarrama IPA: [(Arabic) mækːæ(t) ælmʊkarˑamæ]; Arabic: مكّة المكرمة, literally: Honored Mecca) is a city in Saudi Arabia. Home to the Masjid al-Haram, it is the holiest city in Islam and plays an important role in the faith. As of 2008 the annual Hajj pilgrimage attracts two to three million pilgrims to the city,[1][2] and presents both opportunities for the city's economy, and challenges for its infrastructure. Culturally, the city is modern, cosmopolitan and ethnically diverse.[3][4][5][6]
Islamic tradition attributes the beginning of Mecca to Ishmael's descendants. In the 7th century, the Islamic prophet Muhammad proclaimed Islam in the city, by then an important trading center, and the city played an important role in the early history of Islam. After 966, Mecca was led by local sharifs, until 1924, when it came under the rule of the Saudis.[7] In its modern period, Mecca has seen a great expansion in size and infrastructure.
The modern day city is located in and is the capital of Saudi Arabia's Makkah Province, in the historic Hejaz region. With a population of 1.7 million (2008), the city is located 73 km (45 mi) inland from Jeddah, in a narrow valley, and 277 m (910 ft) above sea level.
Etymology
Mecca is the original English translation of the Arabic name. Historically, the city has also been called Becca.[8][9] In the 1980s, the Saudi Arabian government and others began promoting the spelling Makkah (in full form, Makkah al-Mukarramah), which more closely resembles the actual Arabic pronunciation. This spelling is starting to be taken up by many organizations, including the United Nations,[10] United States Department of State,[11] and the British Foreign Office, [12] but the spelling Mecca remains in common use. Another alternative is Meccah.[13]
Government
Mecca is governed by the Municipality of Mecca, headed by a mayor (Also known as Amin) appointed by the Saudi Government. The current mayor of the city is Osama Al-Bar. A municipal council of fourteen locally elected members is responsible for the functioning of the municipality.
Mecca is the capital of Makkah Province, which includes neighboring Jeddah. The governor was Prince Abdul Majeed bin Abdul Aziz from 2000 until his death in 2007.[14] On May 16, 2007, Prince Khalid al Faisal was appointed as the new governor.[15]
History
1787 Turkish artwork of the Holy Mosque and related religious sites (Jabal al-Nur)
Early history
According to Islamic tradition, the history of Mecca goes back to Ibrahim (ابراهيم, Abraham) when he built the Kaaba with the help of his son Ismā'īl (اسماعيل, Ishmael), around 2000 BC. The inhabitants were stated to have fallen away from monotheism through the influence of the Amelkites.[16] Historians state that the Kaaba later became the repository of 360 idols and tribal gods of all of Arabia's nomadic tribes. Until the 7th century, Mecca's most important god would remain to be Hubal, having been placed there by the ruling Quraysh tribe.[17][18]
Ptolemy may have called the city "Macoraba", though this identification is controversial.[19] In the 5th century, the Quraysh took control of Mecca, and became skilled merchants and traders. In the 6th century they joined the lucrative spice trade as well, since battles in other parts of the world were causing trade routes to divert from the dangerous sea routes to the relatively more secure overland routes. The Byzantine Empire had previously controlled the Red Sea, but piracy had been on the increase. Another previous route, that from the Persian Gulf via the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, was also being threatened by exploitation from the Sassanid Empire, as well as being disrupted by the Lakhmids, the Ghassanids, and the Roman–Persian Wars. Mecca's prominence as a trading center surpassed the cities of Petra and Palmyra.[20][21]
By the middle of the 6th century, there were three major settlements in northern Arabia, all along the southwestern coast that borders the Red Sea, in a habitable region between the sea and the great desert to the east. This area, known as the Hejaz, featured three settlements grown around oases, where water was available. In the center of the Hejaz was Yathrib, later renamed as Medina. 250 mi (400 km) south of Yathrib was the mountain city Ta’if, northwest of which lay Mecca. Though the area around Mecca was completely barren, Mecca was the wealthiest and most important of the three settlements. Islamic histories state that it had abundant water via the Zamzam Well, which was the site of the holiest shrine in Arabia, the Kaaba, and was also at the crossroads of major caravan routes.[22]. Actually the well of Zamzam was barely sufficient to support the small community there, the Kaaba was but one of many such Arabian Polytheistic temple found in the peninsula, and the city was the terminus for a single caravan route which ran from Mecca to Syria.[23]
The harsh conditions of the Arabian peninsula usually meant a constant state of conflict between the tribes, but once a year they would declare a truce and converge upon Mecca in an annual pilgrimage. This journey was intended for religious reasons, to pay homage to the shrine, and to drink from the Well of Zamzam. However, it was also the time each year that disputes would be arbitrated, debts would be resolved, and trading would occur at Meccan fairs. These annual events gave the tribes a sense of common identity and made Mecca extremely important throughout the peninsula.[24]
Muhammad's great-grandfather had been the first to equip a camel caravan, and they became a regular part of the town's economy. Alliances were struck between the merchants in Mecca, and the local nomadic tribes, who would bring leather, livestock, and metals which were mined in the local mountains. Caravans would then be loaded up in Mecca, and would take the goods to the cities in Syria and Iraq.[25] Islamic tradition claims that goods from other continents also flowed through Mecca. From Africa and the Far East towards Syria supposedly flowed spices, leather, drugs, cloth, and slaves; and in return Mecca was to have received money, weapons, cereals, and wine, which were distributed throughout Arabia. The Meccans signed treaties with both the Byzantines and the Bedouins, and negotiated safe passage for caravans, which included such things as water and pasture rights. These further increased Mecca's political power as well as economic, and Mecca became the center of a loose confederation of client tribes, which included those of the Banu Tamim. Other forces such as the Abyssinian, Ghassan, and Lakhm were in decline, and Meccan influence was the primary binding force in Arabia in the late 6th century.[24]
Muhammad
Main articles: Muhammad, Conquest of Mecca, and Muhammad in Mecca
Muhammad was born in Mecca in August[26] 570, and thus Islam has been inextricably linked with Mecca ever since. Muhammad was born in a minor faction, the Hashemites, of the ruling Quraysh tribe. Islamic tradition states that he began receiving divine revelations here in 610 AD, and began to preach monotheism against Meccan animism. After enduring persecution for 13 years, Muhammad emigrated (see Hijra) in 622 with his followers to Yathrib (later called Medina). The conflict between the Quraysh and the Muslims, however, continued: the two fought in the Battle of Badr, where Muslims defeated the Quraysh outside Medina; whilst the Meccans overcame the Muslims at the Battle of Uhud. Overall, however, Meccan efforts to annihilate Islam were unsuccessful, and during the Battle of the Trench in 627, the combined armies of Arabia were unable to defeat Muhammad.[27]
The Ottoman Empire, including MeccaIn 628, Muhammad and his followers peacefully marched to Mecca, attempting to enter the city for pilgrimage. Instead, however, both Muslims and Meccans entered into the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, whereby Muslims and Quraysh would cease fighting and Muslims would be allowed into the city the following year. Two years later the Quraysh violated the truce, but instead of continuing their fight, the city of Mecca shortly surrendered to Muhammad, who declared amnesty for the inhabitants and gave generous gifts to the leading Quraysh. Mecca was cleansed of all its idols and cult images in the Kaaba. Muhammad declared Mecca as the holiest site in Islam ordaining it as the center of Muslim pilgrimage, one of the faith's five pillars. Despite his conquest, however, Muhammad chose to return to Medina, leaving behind Attab bin Usaid to govern the city. Muhammad's other activities in Arabia led to the unification of the peninsula, putting an end to the wars that had disrupted life in the city for so long.[27][20]
Muhammad died in 632, but with the sense of unity that he had passed on to the Arabians, Islam began a rapid expansion, and within the next few hundred years stretched from North Africa well into Asia. As the Islamic Empire grew, Mecca continued to attract pilgrims not just from Arabia, but now from all across the Empire, as Muslims sought to perform the annual Hajj.
Mecca also attracted a year-round population of scholars, pious Muslims who wished to live close to the Kaaba, and local inhabitants who served the pilgrims. Due to the difficulty and expense of the Hajj, pilgrims arrived by boat at Jeddah, and came overland, or joined the annual caravans from Syria or Iraq.
Medieval and pre-modern times
The First Saudi State, Including MeccaMecca was never the capital of any of the Caliphates including the Ottoman Empire. Muslim rulers did, however, contribute to its upkeep. During the reign of Umar and Uthman Ibn Affan, concerns of flooding caused the caliphs to bring in Christian engineers to build barrages in the high-lying quarters, and also to construct dykes and embankments to protect the area round the Kaaba.[20]
In Islamic history, Muhammad's emigration to Medina established the city as the first capital of the nation. When the Umayyad Caliphate took power they moved the capital to Damascus, Syria, and then the Abbasid Caliphate moved the capital to Baghdad, Iraq. The center of the Islamic Empire remained at Baghdad for nearly 500 years, and flourished into a center of research and commerce. In the 13th century, the Mongols invaded Baghdad and sacked the city. This event was one of the most detested events in Islamic history. Soon after the Battle of Baghdad, the Mongols rampaged west and conquered Syria. The next city to quickly emerge as the center of power in the Islamic state was Cairo, in Egypt. When the Ottoman Empire came into prominence the capital was moved to Constantinople. However, Mecca remained a prominent trading center. Pilgrims arriving for the Hajj often financed their journey by bringing goods to sell in the Meccan markets, and acquiring goods there which they could sell when they returned home.[28]
Mecca re-entered Islamic political history briefly when it was held by Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr, an early Muslim who opposed the Umayyad caliphs. The Caliph Yazid I besieged Mecca in 683.[29]
Thereafter the city figured little in politics, it was a city of devotion and scholarship. For centuries it was governed by the Hashemite Sharifs of Mecca.
In 930, Mecca was attacked and sacked by Qarmatians, a millenarian Ismaili Muslim sect led by Abu Tahir Al-Jannabi and centered in eastern Arabia.[30] The Black Death pandemic hit Mecca in 1349.[31] In 1517, the Sharif of Mecca, Barakat bin Muhammed, acknowledged the supremacy of the Ottoman Caliph, but maintained a great degree of local autonomy.[32]
Mecca in 1850The city was captured in 1802 by the First Saudi State (also known as Wahhabis[citation needed]), and the Saudis held Mecca until 1813[citation needed]. This was a massive blow to the prestige of the Ottoman Empire, who had exercised sovereignty over the holy cities since 1517, and the lethargic Ottomans were finally moved to action. The task of bringing Mecca back under Ottoman control was assigned to their powerful viceroy of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha,[33] who successfully returned Mecca following the victory at Mecca in 1813. In 1818, the Wahhabis were again defeated, but some of the Al Saud clan lived on to found the Second Saudi State that lasted until 1891, and later the present Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia
In June 1916, During the Arab Revolt, the Sharif of Mecca, Hussein bin Ali revolted against the Ottoman Empire from Mecca and it was the first city captured by his forces following Battle of Mecca (1916). Sharif Hussein declared a new state, Kingdom of Hejaz, and declared Mecca as the capital of the new kingdom. Following the Battle of Mecca (1924), the Sharif of Mecca was overthrown by the Saudis, and Mecca was incorporated into Saudi Arabia.[7]
View of Mecca 1910On November 20, 1979 two hundred armed Islamist dissidents led by Saudi preacher Juhayman al-Otaibi seized the Grand Mosque. They claimed that the Saudi royal family no longer represented pure Islam and that the mosque, and the Kaaba, must be held by those of the true faith. The rebels seized tens of thousands of pilgrims as hostages and barricaded themselves in the mosque. The siege lasted two weeks, and resulted in several hundred deaths and significant damage to the shrine, especially the Safa-Marwa gallery. While it was the Pakistani forces that carried out the bloodless assault, they were assisted with weapons and planning by a small team of advisors from The French GIGN commando unit.[34]
On July 31, 1987, during an anti-US demonstration by pilgrims, 402 people were killed (275 Iranian pilgrims, 85 Saudis [including policemen], and 45 pilgrims from other countries) and 649 wounded (303 Iranian pilgrims, 145 Saudis [including policemen] and 201 pilgrims from other countries) after the Saudi police opened fire against the unarmed demonstrators.
Geography
Mecca's skyline, 2008
The Zamzam well was once an important source of fresh water. Today it serves pilgrims who visit the Grand Mosque.Mecca is at an elevation of 277 m (910 ft) above sea level, and approximately 50 mi (80 km) inland from the Red Sea.[22] The city is situated between mountains, which has defined the contemporary expansion of the city. The city centers on the Masjid al-Haram area, whose altitude is lower than most of the city. The area around the mosque comprises the old city. The main avenues are Al-Mudda'ah and Sūq al-Layl to the north of the mosque, and As-Sūg Assaghīr to the south. As the Saudis expanded the Grand Mosque in the center of the city, where there were once hundreds of houses are now replaced with wide avenues and city squares. Traditional homes are built of local rock and are generally two to three stories. The total area of Mecca metro today stands over 1,200 km2 (460 sq mi).[35]
Central Mecca lies in a corridor between mountains, which is often called the "hollow of Mecca." Mecca's location was also important for trade, and it was the stop for important trade routes.[20]
In pre-modern Mecca, the city exploited a few chief sources of water. The first were local wells, such as the Zamzam Well, that produced generally brackish water. The second source was the spring of Ayn Zubayda. The sources of this spring are the mountains of J̲abal Saʿd (Jabal Sa'd) and Jabal Kabkāb, which lie a few kilometers east of Ḏj̲abal ʿArafa (Djabal 'Arafa) or about 20 km (12 mi) east southeast of Mecca. Water was transported from it using underground channels. A very sporadic third source was rainfall which was stored by the people in small reservoirs or cisterns. The rainfall, as scant as it is, also presents the threat of flooding and has been a danger since earliest times. According to Al-Kurdī, there had been 89 historic floods by 1965, including several in the Saudi period. In the last century the most severe one occurred in 1942. Since then, dams have been constructed to ameliorate the problem.[36]
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
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السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاتة
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اختر حرف
L
ترى الصورة بوضوح وحجم كبير
أتقبل النقد بكل رحااااااااااابة صدر
لا تحرموني التقدم والتطور
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أسعد الله صباحكم بكل خير
وجمعتكم مباركة
اشكر كل اللي مروا على صوري الأخير
خلال الويكند احاول اسجل اعجابي
لدى ابداع كل واحد فيكم ويالله ألحق
اللي طفته او ما ريت علية
انا جدا اسف
موقصدي اتجاهله
ان شاء الله الظروف تتحسن واتابعكم يوميا
بدل التراكمات
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كونوا بخير
كونوا مبدعين اكثر
الحياة مرة وحدة فستغلوا كل لحظة
اتمنى لكم الأفضل
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